recapitulationn.¹

Brit.

/ˌriːkəˌpɪtʃᵿˈleɪʃn/,

/ˌriːkəˌpɪtjᵿˈleɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌrikəˌpɪtʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English recapitulacioun, Middle English recapitulacoun, Middle English recapytulacoun, Middle English–1500s recapitulacion, Middle English–1500s recapitulacyon, Middle English–1500s recapytulacyon, 1500s recapitilacyon, 1500s recaputulacion, 1500s recapytulacion, 1500s recapytulatyon, 1500s– recapitulation, 1600s recapitvlation.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French recapitulation; Latin recapitulation-, recapitulatio.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman recapitulaciun, recapitulacioun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French recapitulation, recapitulacion action of recapitulating, the result of that action (13th cent. in Old French), part of a speech in which the main points of the discussion are summarized (1549; French récapitulation ) or its etymon post-classical Latin recapitulation-, recapitulatio summing up, summary (4th cent.) < recapitulat- , past participial stem of recapitulare recapitulate v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹; compare -ation suffix. Compare slightly earlier recapitulator n. and later recapitulate v.In sense 1b (in music) perhaps after French récapitulation (1768 in this sense in the passage translated in quot. ?1779 at sense 1b). In sense 1c after German Recapitulation ( Haeckel Gen. Morphol. der Organismen (1866) II. xx. 300; now Rekapitulation). Compare Catalan recapitulació (1585), Spanish recapitulación (a1495), Portuguese recapitulação (1720), Italian ricapitolazione (14th cent. as †recapitolazione).

a. The action or an act of recapitulating (something); a brief restatement or repetition; a summing up; a summary. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > narration > [noun] > recapitulation

recapitulationa1400

anacephalaeosis1583

recollection1590

resumption1728

recap1909

a1400 Clensyng Mannes Sowle in Eng. Misc. presented to Dr. Furnivall (1901) 261 (MED) The seuenth [sc. chapter] schewith a schort recapitulacioun of alle þe thre parties and of þe reformacoun of a mannes soule.

a1450 (a1387) Prol. Comm. on Matthew 48 The sixte reule is of recapitulacion [a1425 L.V. recapitulacoun]; summe thingis doon bifore ben seide, as if thei suen in ordre of tyme.

c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) (1961) ii. 341 (MED) A recapitulacion of the wordes of Gabriel to our lady.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bviii A short recapitulacion or rehersall of all that is sayde.

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin i. 17 It is a time vainly spent to stand long vpon the recapitulacion of these reasons.

1650 T. Venner Baths of Bathe in Via Recta (rev. ed.) 363 Take this short hint or recapitulation for all.

1673 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations (new ed.) 28 Nature in death making as it were a recapitulation, returns upon her self with a retrograde motion.

1686 Sir J. Lowther Mem. James II (1857) 449 I shall commence from the death of King Charles, makeing a short recapitulation of what hath happened since that time.

a1722 J. Toland Coll. Several Pieces (1726) I. 444 To let the substance of what has been hitherto laid in a nearer view, the better to make it understood, leaue is begg'd, to make a short Recapitulation.

1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 194. ⁋1 I shall therefore continue my narrative without preface or recapitulation.

1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II Notes 119 The reflections suggested by such objects are too trite to require recapitulation.

1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech iii. 114 I will content myself with a mere recapitulation of the elements which we possess for the decision.

1907 G. B. Shaw John Bull's Other Island Pref. p. xxxv Every speech is a dreary recapitulation of nationalist twaddle.

1939 S. A. Queen & L. F. Thomas City xx. 409 A large part of this book has been devoted to describing various aspects of urban environments, and a complete recapitulation is hardly called for here.

1961 Sunday Times 26 Feb. 48/5 They employed Mr. John Freeman to anchor an hour of absorbing recapitulation.

2000 M. Chabon Amazing Adventures Kavalier & Clay 75 The strips' measured, three-to-four-panel pacing, with Friday cliffhangers and Monday recapitulations, suffered in the more spacious confines of the ‘funny book’.

b. Music. A section of a composition or movement, esp. of one in sonata form, in which themes stated earlier (in sonata form, during the exposition) are repeated, usually in a modified form; a repetition of this kind.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [noun] > theme > recapitulation or reprise

recapitulation?1779

reprise1879

?1779 W. Waring tr. J. J. Rousseau Dict. Music 270 The neume is a kind of short recapitulation of the air in a mode, which is made at the end of an ancient.

1831 J. A. La Trobe Music of Church 48 In Canto Fermo..the Perielesis and Neuma, or recapitulation of the chant of a mode at the close, had been long in use.

1851 Musical World 2 Aug. 484/2 We have then a short development of the chief subject..and a recapitulation of the first part, both subjects being now greatly condensed.

1879 G. Grove Dict. Music I. 551/1 In the recapitulation of his [sc. Beethoven's] subjects,..there is a growing tendency to avoid the apparent platitude of repeating them exactly as at first.

1898 G. B. Shaw Perfect Wagnerite 3 In classical music there are, as the analytic programs tell us, first subjects and second subjects, free fantasias, recapitulations, and codas.

1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! ii. 127 His [sc. Satie's] unusual employment of what might be called interrupted and overlapping recapitulations.

1959 Listener 23 July 152/1 The first theme of the sonata-form opening movement, expounded in three-four time, is transformed in the abbreviated recapitulation to four-four.

1999 BBC Music Mag. Apr. 118/2 The music slithers softly into a repeat of the opening theme in G minor again, the start of the recapitulation.

c. Biology. Originally: the (supposed) occurrence during the embryonic development of an individual organism of successive stages resembling adult forms manifested by its ancestors during evolution; an instance of this; now historical. Subsequently: the occurrence during embryonic development of features or processes retained from the embryonic development of ancestral forms; an instance of this.The original theory of recapitulation, formulated by Haeckel and often summarized in the phrase ‘ontogeny repeats phylogeny’, is now generally discredited. Modern biologists interpret the kinds of feature on which this theory was based (e.g. gill slits in embryonic land vertebrates) as being retained typically because of some function in organizing the process of development.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > processes or types of evolution

transmutation1626

substitution1822

subspeciation1826

metamorphosis1835

phytogenesis1847

phytogeny1850

anamorphosis1852

correlation1859

advergence1861

convergence1861

phylogeny1869

ontogeny1872

recapitulation1874

ontogenesis1875

phylogenesis1875

biogenesis1876

abiogenesis1884

anagenesis1889

tachygenesis1893

orthogenesis1895

adaptive radiation1898

speciation1906

microevolution1911

subspeciation1921

raciation1934

orthogenetics1937

encephalization1938

proterogenesis1938

allomorphosis1941

cladogenesis1953

Wallace effect1966

metachromism1968

punctuation1976

speciational evolution1988

tachygen-

1874 E. P. Wright tr. E. Haeckel in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 14 145 Ontogenesis is a brief recapitulation of phylogenesis, mechanically dependent on the functions of inheritance and adaptability.

1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 692/2 In the animal kingdom the ‘recapitulation theory’ steps in.

1880 E. R. Lankester Degeneration 21 In some animals this recapitulation is more, in others it is less complete.

1919 J. B. Watson Psychol. vii. 266 The recapitulation theory..holds..that ontogeny repeats phylogeny—that the developing child must pass through all the stages the race has passed through.

1977 P. B. Medawar & J. S. Medawar Life Sci. ix. 80 In its very simplest form, the law of recapitulation states that in its development an animal necessarily rehearses its own evolutionary history, passing through stages comparable to the adult stages of its various evolutionary forerunners.

1994 Q. Rev. Biol. 69 230/2 The interpretation of recapitulated features as somatic programs also permits an explanation of why recapitulation is so irregular.

2006 Environmental Health Perspectives 114 1140/2 The recapitulation of ancient-life features, such as anaerobic metabolism during early embryogenesis, seems to be essential for the accomplishment of normal ontogenesis even for vertebrates.

2. Theology. The summing up and redemption of all human experience in the life and death of Christ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or fact of uniting or being united > [noun] > a gathering together into one

recapitulation1629

society > faith > aspects of faith > theology > branches of theology > [noun] > recapitulation

recapitulation1629

1629 Andrewes's XCVI. Serm. xvi. 157 As there is a recapitulation of all in heaven and earth, in Christ: So, there is a recapitulation of all in Christ, in the holy Sacrament.

a1683 J. Owen Medit. & Disc. Glory of Christ (1691) xi. 134 This is a brief Account of the mysterious Work of Divine Wisdom in the Recapitulation of all things in Jesus Christ.

1794 J. Milner Hist. Church of Christ I. iii. ii. 299 He beautifully expresses our recovery by a recapitulation in Christ. [Note] ανακιϕαλαιωσις. Eph. i. 10.

1860 R. J. Breckinridge Knowl. God xxvii. 396 The assured certainty of..the complete triumph of the Messianic kingdom: the restitution of all things, and the recapitulation of all things in Jesus Christ.

1957 F. L. Cross Oxf. Dict. Christian Church 1142/1 The conception of recapitulation was elaborated esp. by St. Irenaeus, who interpreted it as both the restoration of fallen humanity to communion with God through the obedience of Christ and as the summing-up of the previous revelations of God in past ages in the Incarnation.

1969 J. Atkinson in Dict. Christian Theol. 285/2 The recapitulation in Christ connotes the total work of God for man's redemption.

2005 A. G. Cooper Body in St Maximus 7 In Christ's very flesh..is realized the saving recapitulation of all creation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	recapitulation
释义	recapitulationn.¹ Brit. /ˌriːkəˌpɪtʃᵿˈleɪʃn/, /ˌriːkəˌpɪtjᵿˈleɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌrikəˌpɪtʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English recapitulacioun, Middle English recapitulacoun, Middle English recapytulacoun, Middle English–1500s recapitulacion, Middle English–1500s recapitulacyon, Middle English–1500s recapytulacyon, 1500s recapitilacyon, 1500s recaputulacion, 1500s recapytulacion, 1500s recapytulatyon, 1500s– recapitulation, 1600s recapitvlation. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French recapitulation; Latin recapitulation-, recapitulatio. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman recapitulaciun, recapitulacioun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French recapitulation, recapitulacion action of recapitulating, the result of that action (13th cent. in Old French), part of a speech in which the main points of the discussion are summarized (1549; French récapitulation ) or its etymon post-classical Latin recapitulation-, recapitulatio summing up, summary (4th cent.) < recapitulat- , past participial stem of recapitulare recapitulate v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹; compare -ation suffix. Compare slightly earlier recapitulator n. and later recapitulate v.In sense 1b (in music) perhaps after French récapitulation (1768 in this sense in the passage translated in quot. ?1779 at sense 1b). In sense 1c after German Recapitulation ( Haeckel Gen. Morphol. der Organismen (1866) II. xx. 300; now Rekapitulation). Compare Catalan recapitulació (1585), Spanish recapitulación (a1495), Portuguese recapitulação (1720), Italian ricapitolazione (14th cent. as †recapitolazione). 1. a. The action or an act of recapitulating (something); a brief restatement or repetition; a summing up; a summary. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > narration > [noun] > recapitulation recapitulationa1400 anacephalaeosis1583 recollection1590 resumption1728 recap1909 a1400 Clensyng Mannes Sowle in Eng. Misc. presented to Dr. Furnivall (1901) 261 (MED) The seuenth [sc. chapter] schewith a schort recapitulacioun of alle þe thre parties and of þe reformacoun of a mannes soule. a1450 (a1387) Prol. Comm. on Matthew 48 The sixte reule is of recapitulacion [a1425 L.V. recapitulacoun]; summe thingis doon bifore ben seide, as if thei suen in ordre of tyme. c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) (1961) ii. 341 (MED) A recapitulacion of the wordes of Gabriel to our lady. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bviii A short recapitulacion or rehersall of all that is sayde. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin i. 17 It is a time vainly spent to stand long vpon the recapitulacion of these reasons. 1650 T. Venner Baths of Bathe in Via Recta (rev. ed.) 363 Take this short hint or recapitulation for all. 1673 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations (new ed.) 28 Nature in death making as it were a recapitulation, returns upon her self with a retrograde motion. 1686 Sir J. Lowther Mem. James II (1857) 449 I shall commence from the death of King Charles, makeing a short recapitulation of what hath happened since that time. a1722 J. Toland Coll. Several Pieces (1726) I. 444 To let the substance of what has been hitherto laid in a nearer view, the better to make it understood, leaue is begg'd, to make a short Recapitulation. 1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 194. ⁋1 I shall therefore continue my narrative without preface or recapitulation. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II Notes 119 The reflections suggested by such objects are too trite to require recapitulation. 1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech iii. 114 I will content myself with a mere recapitulation of the elements which we possess for the decision. 1907 G. B. Shaw John Bull's Other Island Pref. p. xxxv Every speech is a dreary recapitulation of nationalist twaddle. 1939 S. A. Queen & L. F. Thomas City xx. 409 A large part of this book has been devoted to describing various aspects of urban environments, and a complete recapitulation is hardly called for here. 1961 Sunday Times 26 Feb. 48/5 They employed Mr. John Freeman to anchor an hour of absorbing recapitulation. 2000 M. Chabon Amazing Adventures Kavalier & Clay 75 The strips' measured, three-to-four-panel pacing, with Friday cliffhangers and Monday recapitulations, suffered in the more spacious confines of the ‘funny book’. b. Music. A section of a composition or movement, esp. of one in sonata form, in which themes stated earlier (in sonata form, during the exposition) are repeated, usually in a modified form; a repetition of this kind. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [noun] > theme > recapitulation or reprise recapitulation?1779 reprise1879 ?1779 W. Waring tr. J. J. Rousseau Dict. Music 270 The neume is a kind of short recapitulation of the air in a mode, which is made at the end of an ancient. 1831 J. A. La Trobe Music of Church 48 In Canto Fermo..the Perielesis and Neuma, or recapitulation of the chant of a mode at the close, had been long in use. 1851 Musical World 2 Aug. 484/2 We have then a short development of the chief subject..and a recapitulation of the first part, both subjects being now greatly condensed. 1879 G. Grove Dict. Music I. 551/1 In the recapitulation of his [sc. Beethoven's] subjects,..there is a growing tendency to avoid the apparent platitude of repeating them exactly as at first. 1898 G. B. Shaw Perfect Wagnerite 3 In classical music there are, as the analytic programs tell us, first subjects and second subjects, free fantasias, recapitulations, and codas. 1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! ii. 127 His [sc. Satie's] unusual employment of what might be called interrupted and overlapping recapitulations. 1959 Listener 23 July 152/1 The first theme of the sonata-form opening movement, expounded in three-four time, is transformed in the abbreviated recapitulation to four-four. 1999 BBC Music Mag. Apr. 118/2 The music slithers softly into a repeat of the opening theme in G minor again, the start of the recapitulation. c. Biology. Originally: the (supposed) occurrence during the embryonic development of an individual organism of successive stages resembling adult forms manifested by its ancestors during evolution; an instance of this; now historical. Subsequently: the occurrence during embryonic development of features or processes retained from the embryonic development of ancestral forms; an instance of this.The original theory of recapitulation, formulated by Haeckel and often summarized in the phrase ‘ontogeny repeats phylogeny’, is now generally discredited. Modern biologists interpret the kinds of feature on which this theory was based (e.g. gill slits in embryonic land vertebrates) as being retained typically because of some function in organizing the process of development. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > processes or types of evolution transmutation1626 substitution1822 subspeciation1826 metamorphosis1835 phytogenesis1847 phytogeny1850 anamorphosis1852 correlation1859 advergence1861 convergence1861 phylogeny1869 ontogeny1872 recapitulation1874 ontogenesis1875 phylogenesis1875 biogenesis1876 abiogenesis1884 anagenesis1889 tachygenesis1893 orthogenesis1895 adaptive radiation1898 speciation1906 microevolution1911 subspeciation1921 raciation1934 orthogenetics1937 encephalization1938 proterogenesis1938 allomorphosis1941 cladogenesis1953 Wallace effect1966 metachromism1968 punctuation1976 speciational evolution1988 tachygen- 1874 E. P. Wright tr. E. Haeckel in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 14 145 Ontogenesis is a brief recapitulation of phylogenesis, mechanically dependent on the functions of inheritance and adaptability. 1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 692/2 In the animal kingdom the ‘recapitulation theory’ steps in. 1880 E. R. Lankester Degeneration 21 In some animals this recapitulation is more, in others it is less complete. 1919 J. B. Watson Psychol. vii. 266 The recapitulation theory..holds..that ontogeny repeats phylogeny—that the developing child must pass through all the stages the race has passed through. 1977 P. B. Medawar & J. S. Medawar Life Sci. ix. 80 In its very simplest form, the law of recapitulation states that in its development an animal necessarily rehearses its own evolutionary history, passing through stages comparable to the adult stages of its various evolutionary forerunners. 1994 Q. Rev. Biol. 69 230/2 The interpretation of recapitulated features as somatic programs also permits an explanation of why recapitulation is so irregular. 2006 Environmental Health Perspectives 114 1140/2 The recapitulation of ancient-life features, such as anaerobic metabolism during early embryogenesis, seems to be essential for the accomplishment of normal ontogenesis even for vertebrates. 2. Theology. The summing up and redemption of all human experience in the life and death of Christ. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or fact of uniting or being united > [noun] > a gathering together into one recapitulation1629 society > faith > aspects of faith > theology > branches of theology > [noun] > recapitulation recapitulation1629 1629 Andrewes's XCVI. Serm. xvi. 157 As there is a recapitulation of all in heaven and earth, in Christ: So, there is a recapitulation of all in Christ, in the holy Sacrament. a1683 J. Owen Medit. & Disc. Glory of Christ (1691) xi. 134 This is a brief Account of the mysterious Work of Divine Wisdom in the Recapitulation of all things in Jesus Christ. 1794 J. Milner Hist. Church of Christ I. iii. ii. 299 He beautifully expresses our recovery by a recapitulation in Christ. [Note] ανακιϕαλαιωσις. Eph. i. 10. 1860 R. J. Breckinridge Knowl. God xxvii. 396 The assured certainty of..the complete triumph of the Messianic kingdom: the restitution of all things, and the recapitulation of all things in Jesus Christ. 1957 F. L. Cross Oxf. Dict. Christian Church 1142/1 The conception of recapitulation was elaborated esp. by St. Irenaeus, who interpreted it as both the restoration of fallen humanity to communion with God through the obedience of Christ and as the summing-up of the previous revelations of God in past ages in the Incarnation. 1969 J. Atkinson in Dict. Christian Theol. 285/2 The recapitulation in Christ connotes the total work of God for man's redemption. 2005 A. G. Cooper Body in St Maximus 7 In Christ's very flesh..is realized the saving recapitulation of all creation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † recapitulationn.² Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, capitulation n. Etymology: < re- prefix + capitulation n. Obsolete. rare. Capitulation or surrender for a second time. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defeat > [noun] > surrender deliverancea1387 appointmenta1513 composition1523 dedition1523 rendering1523 surrender?a1525 fall1535 render1548 rendry1600 rendition1601 capitulation1604 recapitulation1641 reddition1641 surrendering1648 capitulating1734 1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. v. 100 Being blockt up on all sides, this their retreate served onely for their recapitulation. 1859 C. W. Tayleure Boy Martyrs of Sept. 12th, 1814 ii. iv. 19 Their forefathers licked you Britishers in '76, and them days, at Bunker's Hill, Sarrytogy, King's Mounting, Cowpens, Princeton..and the recapitulation of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹a1400n.²1641
随便看	ongaonga ongin onglaze ongle ongled onglet onglide ongliding ongo ongoer ongoing ongoinger ongoingest ongoingly ongoingness ongoingnesses ongoings ongon onhanger onheave onhook onhook dialling oni onic onice

recapitulationn.1

† recapitulationn.2

recapitulationn.¹

† recapitulationn.²