recitativen.adj.¹

Brit.

/ˌrɛsᵻtəˈtiːv/, U.S.

/ˌrɛsədəˈtiv/

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian recitativo.

Etymology: < Italian recitativo (adjective and noun): see recitativo n. Compare French récitatif , noun (1690 as †recitatif ; < Italian; the use as adjective is apparently not attested in French). Compare slightly later recitativo n. and later recitative adj.², and see discussion at those entries.The position of the main stress apparently varied in earlier use. Johnson (1755) records stress on the first syllable, Webster (1828) on the second syllable.

A. n.

I. Music.

1. A style of musical declamation intermediate between singing and ordinary speech, used esp. in the dialogue and narrative parts of an opera or oratorio.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [noun] > recitative

recitative1654

recitativo1662

1654 R. Flecknoe Ariadne deserted by Theseus Pref. sig. A7 You may observe in this composition of mine, a particular way of Recitative, different from the Italian, as our language is different.

1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 403 His singing was after the Venetian Recitative, as masterly as could be.

a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) ii. vi. 143 The antient choruses between the acts were probably sung, and perhaps the rest was delivered in a species of recitative.

1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IV lxxxvii. 114 To hear him you'd believe An ass was practising recitative.

1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity II. 552 Maimonides carefully preserves..the reason why the name was pronounced in an almost inaudible recitative.

1938 Oxf. Compan. Music 896/2 Their invention of recitative..which aimed rather at representing the sense and the natural inflection of the speaking voice than at providing the enjoyment of pure musical beauty.

1969 Classical Jrnl. 64 261/1 In opera and oratorio the recitative, which looks after the continuity, is the most dispensable part.

1991 Opera News Oct. 46/1 The opera uses recitative extensively, again along conventional lines.

2. Words or passages intended to be delivered in recitative.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [noun] > lyrics

wordseOE

ditty1552

recitative1659

testo1724

lyric1876

pop lyric1960

verbal1964

bars1994

1659 R. Flecknoe Mariage Oceanus & Brittania i. 14 Song. Or Recitative, In contemplation of her happinesse, with reflection on the unhappinesse of civil wars.

1716 N. Rowe Let. to Hughes 22 Oct. in Sotheran's Catal. Autograph Lett. & MSS (1899) No. 12. 46 Three or four Airs with some little Recitative between is what the composer will be glad of.

1727 J. Gay Beggar's Opera Introd. I have not made my Opera throughout unnatural, like those in vogue; for I have no Recitative.

1769 (title) Le Serve Rivali, the Rival Servant-Maids..The Poetry of the first act by Signior Chiari, and the recitative of the second and third by G.G. Bottarelli.

1818 C. Farley (title) Chorusses, recitative, and dialogue..of the new pantomime, called Harlequin Munchausen.

1845 E. Holmes Life Mozart 171 The libretto..still wanted alterations and abbreviations of the recitative.

1922 Musical Q. 8 407 Avoiding spoken dialogue, O'Hara wrote his recitative in rhymed couplets, and the vogue of his creation determined for long the precise mould of English burletta.

1987 D. Bryant tr. L. Bianconi Music in 17th Cent. xxiii. 214 The seven-syllable lines, themselves highly appropriate for use not only as strophic verse..but also as blank-verse recitative.

a. A musical part or passage (intended to be) delivered in recitative; a piece of music that accompanies such a part or passage.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [noun] > recitative

recitative1720

recitativo secco1824

recitativo stromentato1837

accompagnato1878

recitativo accompagnato1947

secco1960

1720 J. Terrason tr. A. Terrason Disc. conc. Opera 67 'Tis only since the introduction of operas we have seen so many recitatives and chorus's.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. xxvi. 307 How will the dear Harriet bear these abominable recitatives?

1762 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. II. xviii. 357 A recitative in its movement approaches sometimes to the liveliness of a song.

1825 J. F. Danneley Encycl. Music Scena or Scene, a piece of music composed of a recitative, an andante or a largo, a larghetto, and an agitato or allegro... A scene may be for one or more voices.

1874 M. E. Herbert tr. J. A. von Hübner Ramble round World (1878) ii. ii. 249 The flute begins playing a recitative evidently of great antiquity.

1924 Times 25 Mar. 12/4 The ten double-bass players almost sawed their strings through in the recitative.

1993 M. Kennedy Britten (rev. ed.) xxiii. 198 The voice part eschews lyrical lines, being mainly a declamatory recitative.

b. A performance in recitative. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > [noun] > concert > types of

Philharmonic concert1740

benefit-concert1759

chamber concert1760

recital1762

Dutch concert1774

concert performance1777

philharmonica1796

musical soirée1821

sacred concert1832

soirée musicale1836

promenade concert1839

pianoforte recital1840

ballad concert1855

piano recital1855

Monday pop1862

Pop1862

promenade1864

popular1865

Schubertiad1869

recitative1873

organ recital1877

pop concert1880

smoker1887

smoke concert1888

café concert1891

prom1902

smoke-ho1918

smoking-concert1934

hootenanny1940

opry1940

Liederabend1958

1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab ii. 28 A capital ‘fantasia’ or Arab dance and recitative round our camp fire.

1889 F. E. Gretton Memory's Harkback 78 He would wake and..roar at me to be quiet... At last we came to terms—‘You play your fiddle at some other hour, and I will stop my recitative.’

1923 Musical Times 64 272/2 His recitative of the classic warning that ‘anything you say will be taken down and may be used as evidence against you’.

1957 M. Spark Comforters iii. 42 It said: On the whole she did not think there would be any difficulty with Helena... There seemed, then, to have been more than one voice: it was a recitative, a chanting in unison.

1988 J. Brodsky To Urania 76 In the recitative of a blizzard a keen ear picks up the tune of the Ice Age.

†II. Other uses.

4. The tone or rhythm typical of a particular language. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > intonation > pattern or sequence of > peculiar to a language

recitative1722

1722 J. Richardson Acct. Statues Italy 90 Words spoken without some kind of Motion, and a Natural Recitative, would..be..Nauseous: If this Natural Recitative is Ill set, if the Tone of the Voice, and the Emphasis.., is Wrong, the Sense is Obscur'd.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 184 Because every language had its peculiar recitative.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1772 I. 361 I could name some gentlemen of Ireland, to whom a slight proportion of the accent and recitative of that country is an advantage.

B. adj.¹ Music.

1. Of the nature of, relating to, or characteristic of recitative; delivered in recitative.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [adjective] > recitative

recitative1654

accompagnato1825

secco1876

1654 R. Flecknoe Ariadne deserted by Theseus (title page) A dramatick piece apted for recitative Musick.

1655 J. Phillips Satyr against Hypocrites 6 Then out he whines the rest like some sad ditty, In a most dolefull recitative style.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 449 We went to the Opera, which are Comedies & other plays represented in Recitative Music.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 29. ¶2 The Transition from an Air to Recitative Musick being more natural than the passing from a Song to plain and ordinary Speaking.

1833 J. W. Morris Biogr. Recoll. Robert Hall viii. 150 He also approved the recitative style of the Scotch precentor, in giving out the psalms in the key note.

1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 40 The oratorio..is a peculiar and difficult work of the dramatic recitative order.

1925 Musical Q. 11 529 For several years only Italian divertissements in the recitative style had been given.

1951 Mod. Lang. Notes 66 517 Ridicule is thrown on recitative music and historical opera.

1989 P. van der Merwe Origins Pop. Style v. 34 The common use in Africa of recitative styles of singing, and the frequent transitions between a speaking and singing delivery.

†2. Inclined to use recitative. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iii. iv. 330 Musicians..are not so recitative, they doe not sing and expresse the words so plainly that they which hear doe understand.

Derivatives

recitaˈtive-like adj. Music

ΚΠ

1830 Athenæum in Galaxy (1873) Nov. 609 She falls into the common error of being too tragic for tragedy, and there is consequently a pervading recitative-like monotony in her delivery.

1882 Proc. Musical Assoc. (8th Sess., 1881–2) 65 The vocal passages are too recitative-like.

1947 A. Einstein Music Romantic Era xi. 143 Characteristically Lisztian recitative-like interjections.

1989 in P. van der Merwe Origins Pop. Style vi. 49 Melismatic and recitative-like singing gave way to a simple syllabic style.

2006 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 25 Mar. b11 Recitative-like sections allow most of the story to be clear; anything musically thicker stops coherence in its tracks.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	recitative
释义	recitativen.adj.¹ Brit. /ˌrɛsᵻtəˈtiːv/, U.S. /ˌrɛsədəˈtiv/ Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian recitativo. Etymology: < Italian recitativo (adjective and noun): see recitativo n. Compare French récitatif , noun (1690 as †recitatif ; < Italian; the use as adjective is apparently not attested in French). Compare slightly later recitativo n. and later recitative adj.², and see discussion at those entries.The position of the main stress apparently varied in earlier use. Johnson (1755) records stress on the first syllable, Webster (1828) on the second syllable. A. n. I. Music. 1. A style of musical declamation intermediate between singing and ordinary speech, used esp. in the dialogue and narrative parts of an opera or oratorio. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [noun] > recitative recitative1654 recitativo1662 1654 R. Flecknoe Ariadne deserted by Theseus Pref. sig. A7 You may observe in this composition of mine, a particular way of Recitative, different from the Italian, as our language is different. 1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 403 His singing was after the Venetian Recitative, as masterly as could be. a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) ii. vi. 143 The antient choruses between the acts were probably sung, and perhaps the rest was delivered in a species of recitative. 1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IV lxxxvii. 114 To hear him you'd believe An ass was practising recitative. 1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity II. 552 Maimonides carefully preserves..the reason why the name was pronounced in an almost inaudible recitative. 1938 Oxf. Compan. Music 896/2 Their invention of recitative..which aimed rather at representing the sense and the natural inflection of the speaking voice than at providing the enjoyment of pure musical beauty. 1969 Classical Jrnl. 64 261/1 In opera and oratorio the recitative, which looks after the continuity, is the most dispensable part. 1991 Opera News Oct. 46/1 The opera uses recitative extensively, again along conventional lines. 2. Words or passages intended to be delivered in recitative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [noun] > lyrics wordseOE ditty1552 recitative1659 testo1724 lyric1876 pop lyric1960 verbal1964 bars1994 1659 R. Flecknoe Mariage Oceanus & Brittania i. 14 Song. Or Recitative, In contemplation of her happinesse, with reflection on the unhappinesse of civil wars. 1716 N. Rowe Let. to Hughes 22 Oct. in Sotheran's Catal. Autograph Lett. & MSS (1899) No. 12. 46 Three or four Airs with some little Recitative between is what the composer will be glad of. 1727 J. Gay Beggar's Opera Introd. I have not made my Opera throughout unnatural, like those in vogue; for I have no Recitative. 1769 (title) Le Serve Rivali, the Rival Servant-Maids..The Poetry of the first act by Signior Chiari, and the recitative of the second and third by G.G. Bottarelli. 1818 C. Farley (title) Chorusses, recitative, and dialogue..of the new pantomime, called Harlequin Munchausen. 1845 E. Holmes Life Mozart 171 The libretto..still wanted alterations and abbreviations of the recitative. 1922 Musical Q. 8 407 Avoiding spoken dialogue, O'Hara wrote his recitative in rhymed couplets, and the vogue of his creation determined for long the precise mould of English burletta. 1987 D. Bryant tr. L. Bianconi Music in 17th Cent. xxiii. 214 The seven-syllable lines, themselves highly appropriate for use not only as strophic verse..but also as blank-verse recitative. 3. a. A musical part or passage (intended to be) delivered in recitative; a piece of music that accompanies such a part or passage. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [noun] > recitative recitative1720 recitativo secco1824 recitativo stromentato1837 accompagnato1878 recitativo accompagnato1947 secco1960 1720 J. Terrason tr. A. Terrason Disc. conc. Opera 67 'Tis only since the introduction of operas we have seen so many recitatives and chorus's. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. xxvi. 307 How will the dear Harriet bear these abominable recitatives? 1762 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. II. xviii. 357 A recitative in its movement approaches sometimes to the liveliness of a song. 1825 J. F. Danneley Encycl. Music Scena or Scene, a piece of music composed of a recitative, an andante or a largo, a larghetto, and an agitato or allegro... A scene may be for one or more voices. 1874 M. E. Herbert tr. J. A. von Hübner Ramble round World (1878) ii. ii. 249 The flute begins playing a recitative evidently of great antiquity. 1924 Times 25 Mar. 12/4 The ten double-bass players almost sawed their strings through in the recitative. 1993 M. Kennedy Britten (rev. ed.) xxiii. 198 The voice part eschews lyrical lines, being mainly a declamatory recitative. b. A performance in recitative. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > [noun] > concert > types of Philharmonic concert1740 benefit-concert1759 chamber concert1760 recital1762 Dutch concert1774 concert performance1777 philharmonica1796 musical soirée1821 sacred concert1832 soirée musicale1836 promenade concert1839 pianoforte recital1840 ballad concert1855 piano recital1855 Monday pop1862 Pop1862 promenade1864 popular1865 Schubertiad1869 recitative1873 organ recital1877 pop concert1880 smoker1887 smoke concert1888 café concert1891 prom1902 smoke-ho1918 smoking-concert1934 hootenanny1940 opry1940 Liederabend1958 1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab ii. 28 A capital ‘fantasia’ or Arab dance and recitative round our camp fire. 1889 F. E. Gretton Memory's Harkback 78 He would wake and..roar at me to be quiet... At last we came to terms—‘You play your fiddle at some other hour, and I will stop my recitative.’ 1923 Musical Times 64 272/2 His recitative of the classic warning that ‘anything you say will be taken down and may be used as evidence against you’. 1957 M. Spark Comforters iii. 42 It said: On the whole she did not think there would be any difficulty with Helena... There seemed, then, to have been more than one voice: it was a recitative, a chanting in unison. 1988 J. Brodsky To Urania 76 In the recitative of a blizzard a keen ear picks up the tune of the Ice Age. †II. Other uses. 4. The tone or rhythm typical of a particular language. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > intonation > pattern or sequence of > peculiar to a language recitative1722 1722 J. Richardson Acct. Statues Italy 90 Words spoken without some kind of Motion, and a Natural Recitative, would..be..Nauseous: If this Natural Recitative is Ill set, if the Tone of the Voice, and the Emphasis.., is Wrong, the Sense is Obscur'd. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 184 Because every language had its peculiar recitative. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1772 I. 361 I could name some gentlemen of Ireland, to whom a slight proportion of the accent and recitative of that country is an advantage. B. adj.¹ Music. 1. Of the nature of, relating to, or characteristic of recitative; delivered in recitative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [adjective] > recitative recitative1654 accompagnato1825 secco1876 1654 R. Flecknoe Ariadne deserted by Theseus (title page) A dramatick piece apted for recitative Musick. 1655 J. Phillips Satyr against Hypocrites 6 Then out he whines the rest like some sad ditty, In a most dolefull recitative style. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 449 We went to the Opera, which are Comedies & other plays represented in Recitative Music. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 29. ¶2 The Transition from an Air to Recitative Musick being more natural than the passing from a Song to plain and ordinary Speaking. 1833 J. W. Morris Biogr. Recoll. Robert Hall viii. 150 He also approved the recitative style of the Scotch precentor, in giving out the psalms in the key note. 1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 40 The oratorio..is a peculiar and difficult work of the dramatic recitative order. 1925 Musical Q. 11 529 For several years only Italian divertissements in the recitative style had been given. 1951 Mod. Lang. Notes 66 517 Ridicule is thrown on recitative music and historical opera. 1989 P. van der Merwe Origins Pop. Style v. 34 The common use in Africa of recitative styles of singing, and the frequent transitions between a speaking and singing delivery. †2. Inclined to use recitative. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iii. iv. 330 Musicians..are not so recitative, they doe not sing and expresse the words so plainly that they which hear doe understand. Derivatives recitaˈtive-like adj. Music ΚΠ 1830 Athenæum in Galaxy (1873) Nov. 609 She falls into the common error of being too tragic for tragedy, and there is consequently a pervading recitative-like monotony in her delivery. 1882 Proc. Musical Assoc. (8th Sess., 1881–2) 65 The vocal passages are too recitative-like. 1947 A. Einstein Music Romantic Era xi. 143 Characteristically Lisztian recitative-like interjections. 1989 in P. van der Merwe Origins Pop. Style vi. 49 Melismatic and recitative-like singing gave way to a simple syllabic style. 2006 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 25 Mar. b11 Recitative-like sections allow most of the story to be clear; anything musically thicker stops coherence in its tracks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). recitativeadj.² Brit. /ˈrɛsᵻtətɪv/, /rɪˈsɪtətɪv/, U.S. /ˈrɛsəˌteɪdɪv/, /rɪˈsɪdətɪv/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: recite v., -ative suffix. Etymology: < recite v. + -ative suffix. Compare post-classical Latin recitativus reciting, quoting (14th cent. in British sources; 16th cent. in a continental source), recitative narratively (1608 in a British source), by way of quotation (1646 in a British source), Middle French recitatif , French récitatif narrative (1472 and 1575 in two apparently isolated instances in Middle French), of the nature of a recital (first half of the 19th cent. or earlier). Compare earlier recitative adj.¹ Now rare. Of the nature of a recital or repetition. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal document > [adjective] > parts of recitative1726 the mind > language > speech > narration > [adjective] > of a narrative or account recitative1726 1726 S. Whatley tr. P. de Rapin-Thoyras Acta Regia II. ix. 212 He is not so much as mention'd in the Purview or decretory part of the Sentence, but only in the recitative part [Fr. dans le Vu des Pieces]. 1860 B. F. Westcott Introd. Study Gospels (ed. 5) iii. 193 Of verbal coincidences,..one-fifth occur in the narrative, and four-fifths in the recitative parts. 1896 C. Johnson in Cal. Petit. to Pope I. Pref. 6 Although in other respects the recitative portion of the bull is usually full. 1965 Amer. Q. 17 102 One must admit that ‘To a Locomotive in Winter’ falters..in its dull recitative section. 1987 M. L. Varadpande Hist. Indian Theatre 45 While evolving the art of drama the element of pathya (recitative portion or text) was taken from the Rig Veda. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). recitativev. Brit. /ˌrɛsᵻtəˈtiːv/, U.S. /ˌrɛsədəˈtiv/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: recitative n. Etymology: < recitative n. 1. transitive. To deliver or express in recitative. Now rare.In quot. 1813: to address in recitative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > render in recitative recitative1770 recitate1774 1770 tr. Aristotle in G. A. Stevens Court of Alexander (title page) Blank Verse, or Rhyme, to Instruments well strung, Shou'd be Recitativ'd, or else in Ballad sung. 1806 R. Cumberland Mem. 59 Mrs. Cibber..sung or rather recitatived Rowe's harmonious strain. 1813 Duke of Buccleuch Let. 13 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) I. 283/1 Only think of being chanted and recitatived by a parcel of hoarse and squeaking choristers, on a birthday, for the edification of the bishops, pages, maids of honor, and gentlemen-pensioners! 1833 Q. Rev. 49 353 The elder verse—the Homeric and Hesiodic—was sung, or..recitatived. 1993 Music Educators Jrnl. 79 23/2 When I came the next week, all the children had ‘recitatived’ the story. 2. intransitive. To declaim in recitative. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (intransitive)] > render in recitative recitative1832 1832 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War III. 598 Sundry..Lusitanian worthies recitatived in praise of Lord Wellington. 1932 J. Joyce in New Statesman 27 Feb. 261/1 Preludingly he conspews a portugaese into the gutter, recitativing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.¹1654adj.²1726v.1770
随便看	homelinesses homeling homeliving homelonging homelover homeloving homely hospital paper hospital pass hospital porter hospital practice hospital saturday hospital ship hospital steward hospital sunday hospital surgeon hospital tent hospital train hospital trust hospital ulcer hospital vessel hospital-assistant hospital-boy hospital-man hospital-treated

recitativen.adj.1

Derivatives

recitativeadj.2

recitativev.

recitativen.adj.¹

recitativeadj.²