reciprocallyadv.

Brit.

/rᵻˈsɪprəkl̩i/,

/rᵻˈsɪprəkəli/, U.S.

/rəˈsɪprək(ə)li/,

/riˈsɪprək(ə)li/

Forms: 1500s reciprocallie, 1500s reciprokally, 1500s recyprocallye, 1500s– reciprocally, 1600s recyprocally.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin reciprocus , -ally suffix; reciprocal adj., -ly suffix².

Etymology: Either < classical Latin reciprocus reciproque adj. + -ally suffix, or < reciprocal adj. (although this is first attested slightly later) + -ly suffix². Compare Middle French reciproquement (French réciproquement ) mutually (1489), conversely, vice versa (1526). In sense 2a originally after post-classical Latin reciproce, adverb (1566 in the passage translated in quot. 1570).

1. Mutually; on or by both sides; with regard to each other.Frequently used tautologically.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [adverb] > mutually or reciprocally

againOE

togethersc1175

togethera1375

againwarda1382

changinglya1425

interchangeable1465

interchangeablyc1480

mutually1531

reciprocally?1555

reciproquely1558

intermutually1601

reportingly1611

alternatively1667

mutuously1683

reciprocously1683

interdependently1884

?1555 G. Menewe Plaine Subuersyon Popecatholykes sig. Ee vii^v So soundeth this Greke worde allelois, whiche is as muche too saye, as mutually or reciprocally.

1587 J. Bridges Def. Govt. Church of Eng. xii. 1042 This double limitation is reciprocallie to be obserued: for as it is not lawfull for them that attend on the Church in spirituall things..so also is it not lawful for the ciuil Magistrate to passe his bounds.

1642 Pr. Charles in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 2 (note) Although a while dissevered we may reciprocally understand of each other's welfare.

1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 30 The Sun, Moon and all the Planets do reciprocally gravitate one toward another.

1759 S. Fielding Hist. Countess of Dellwyn I. 142 A lively..Capacity rendered them reciprocally agreeable to each other.

1791 T. Paine Rights of Man ii. i The diversity of talents in different men for reciprocally accommodating the wants of each other.

1821 W. Scott Pirate III. ii. 29 The two sisters..sat with their arms reciprocally passed over each other's shoulder.

1852 G. Bancroft Hist. Amer. Revol. I. i. 7 The existence of our kind is continuous, and its ages are reciprocally dependent.

1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant 666 The ultimate decision..as to the Kantian Criticism of Pure Reason must turn upon the opposition of perception and conception, as factors which reciprocally imply, and yet exclude, each other.

1937 C. M. Arensberg Irish Countryman 116 For we are dealing..with group-attitudes reciprocally held.

1991 J. Wiltshire Samuel Johnson in Med. World i. 41 He wrote, too, of his ‘disorders of body, and disturbances of the mind very near to madness’, implying a reciprocally damaging relationship, perhaps.

a. Mathematics. Inversely; in a reciprocal relationship.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [adverb] > in specific way

reciprocally1570

comprehensively1816

trivially1941

strongly1955

weakly1955

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Comte de Candale in Euclid Elements Geom. vi. (Corollary) f. 182 The sections of the one to the sections of the other shall be reciprokally proportionall [L. reciprocè proportionales].

1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. xiii. 120 From hence the cause is evident, why two equal products have their Efficients reciprocally proportional.

1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth iv. 287 The Heat of the Sun is..reciprocally as the Squares of the Earth's distance from him.

1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 113 The Square of the Velocity is reciprocally as the Weight of the Body.

1832 H. Douglas Ess. Mil. Bridges (ed. 2) vii. 397 It being a condition of hydraulics, that the velocity of the current in different sections is reciprocally as those sections.

1878 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 1 88 Three of the factors F in which a and b are coupled will undergo no change, but the remaining twelve will evidently be resoluble into six pairs reciprocally related.

1993 Jrnl. Econ. Theory 60 378 The bound on the norm of the per capita aggregate excess demand is reciprocally related to the square root of the population.

2007 Jrnl. Physics D 40 146/1 The local field is reciprocally proportional to the emitter size.

b. Conversely; in a contrary or opposing manner; vice versa.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adverb]

fromward?c1225

contrariouslyc1380

contrarying to1382

reversinglya1425

contrary1463

clean fro1483

repugnantly?1526

diametrally?1533

contrairly1535

in diameter1543

thwartly1558

oppositely1567

contrarily1570

contrariwise1574

diameter-wise1600

diameterly1603

reciprocallya1628

diametrically1633

counter1643

encounter1660

polarly1670

Antarcticallya1711

contrariantly1796

antithetically1816

tout au contraire1841

antistrophically1842

contrapositively1858

in reverse1869

at cross-corners with1892

a1628 J. Preston New Covenant (1629) iii. 81 You must vnderstand it reciprocally, the battell is not alwayes to the strong, therefore it is some times to the weake.

1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. iv. 21 As the weight is to an equivalent power, so is the distance betwixt the weight and the center, unto the distance betwixt the center and the power, and so reciprocally.

1700 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 22 564 The third and last Enquiry is, why the motion of the Auricles and Ventricles of the Heart is alternate. That is, while the Auricles are contracted, the Ventricles are dilated, and so reciprocally.

1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger Fires Improv'd 118 What opens the passage for hot Air to go into the Room, may shut out the cold Air, and so reciprocally.

1744 J. Harris Three Treat. 26 If it be true that all Art implies such Principle, is it reciprocally true that every such Principle should imply Art?

1807 O. Gregory tr. R. J. Haüy Elem. Treat. Nat. Philos. II. vii. 158 The rays which were considered convergent in the first case, will be conceived to diverge in the second, and so reciprocally.

1881 A. W. Williamson in Nature 1 Sept. 419/1 Substances capable of exerting great force by their combination are those which can undergo a great diminution of the velocity of their internal motions, and reciprocally.

1904 W. W. Willoughby Amer. Constit. Syst. vii. 129 Just as it has been held that the State may not interfere with..the exercise of his duty by a federal official, so, reciprocally, it has been held that the United States may not arbitrarily interfere with a state official.

1990 H. G. Widdowson Aspects of Lang. Teaching (BNC) 25 They seek to refer the particular techniques they use to more general principles, and, reciprocally, test out the validity of such principles against..practice.

a. Backwards and forwards; with alternating action. Now rare and Mechanics.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > [adverb] > reciprocating

reciprocally1594

1594 G. Chapman Σκìα Νυκτòς sig. Ciij^v Times motion, being like the reeling sunnes, Or as the sea reciprocallie runnes.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 395 Euen as the Turkes..are tossed.., hanging betweene two high trees, reciprocally wauing in the ayre.

1836 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 7 129 Rotary motion is given to the crank, which causes the saw to move reciprocally in a horizontal direction.

1854 Ann. Sci. Discov. 69 A piston made to move reciprocally within a cylinder of known capacity, by the admission of the water on opposite sides alternately.

1990 J. K. Campbell Dibble Sticks, Donkeys, & Diesels v. 149 The seedling tray moves reciprocally from side to side to assure that a uniform quantity of seedlings is picked up by the planting fork during each stroke.

†b. Alternately. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > alternation > [adverb]

changeablyc1384

alternately1432

interchangeably1483

handy-dandya1529

time about1537

by course1548

at (by) intervals1588

alternatively1591

reciprocally1603

by reprises1607

alternally1627

alterably1635

altern1667

alternate1715

by vicissitudes1749

alternatingly1845

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1022 The respiration in living creatures..which..be nought else but bodies reciprocally and by alternative course, driving one another out of place round about, and mutually succeeding in their roomes.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. i. ii. viii. 39 The Lungs, which dilating themselues as a paire of bellowes, reciprocally fetch it [sc. the air] in and send it out.

4. In turn; in response or exchange; by way of (esp. equivalent or appropriate) return.

ΚΠ

1598 S. Gosson Trumpet of Warre ii. f. 30 Demetrius promiseth succor to Ionathan against them that kept the Castle of Hierusalem..; Ionathan reciprocally sent a supplie of three thousand braue souldiers to Demetrius.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvii. v. 611 As they ever send out their owne raies by little and little, so they entertaine reciprocally the visuall beames of our eyes.

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 42 She was by her hopefull Bridegroome visited by letters and presents, whereunto she reciprocally corresponded.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. v. 91 Churches, from whence..their neighbours did fetch sound doctrine, and reciprocally paid to them due respect.

1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Counterband or Counter-security, a Band or Security given reciprocally to him that is Bound or Security for another.

1723 tr. Pliny Epist. in Ten Bks. xi. 177 I have a Right, on the Merit of this, to hear reciprocally from you what is doing in your Town and Neighbourhood.

1756 Monitor No. 35. I. 327 As the mind affects the body, the body reciprocally affects the mind.

1829 T. Flint George Mason vi. 118 The captain was pleased with him, and he was reciprocally pleased with the captain and his prospects.

1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad II. ii. 150 Gustavus..confided..in the valour..of the Scottish nation and they reciprocally in the gallantry..of him.

1900 J. London Son of Wolf 83 He was reciprocally informed that he was a milk-and-water sissy and a cad.

1955 ‘C. H. Rolph’ Women of Streets x. 131 Prostitutes living with ‘pouffs’ who reciprocally kept them by their earnings when necessary.

1994 H. Burton Leonard Bernstein ii. xvi. 153 Bernstein was more interested in talking to Auden, whom he revered, than to Britten... Reciprocally, perhaps, Britten did not warm to his flamboyant interpreter.

†5. Interchangeably; as equivalent to each other. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > synonymy > [adverb]

equivalently1545

reciprocately1577

synonymically1599

synonymally1641

reciprocally1658

synonymously1659

interchangeably1871

1658 J. Bramhall Consecration Protestant Bishops Justified xi. 223 There is nothing either in our forme or theirs which doth distinctly and reciprocally expresse Episcopall power and Authority.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reciprocally
释义	reciprocallyadv. Brit. /rᵻˈsɪprəkl̩i/, /rᵻˈsɪprəkəli/, U.S. /rəˈsɪprək(ə)li/, /riˈsɪprək(ə)li/ Forms: 1500s reciprocallie, 1500s reciprokally, 1500s recyprocallye, 1500s– reciprocally, 1600s recyprocally. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Latin reciprocus , -ally suffix; reciprocal adj., -ly suffix². Etymology: Either < classical Latin reciprocus reciproque adj. + -ally suffix, or < reciprocal adj. (although this is first attested slightly later) + -ly suffix². Compare Middle French reciproquement (French réciproquement ) mutually (1489), conversely, vice versa (1526). In sense 2a originally after post-classical Latin reciproce, adverb (1566 in the passage translated in quot. 1570). 1. Mutually; on or by both sides; with regard to each other.Frequently used tautologically. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [adverb] > mutually or reciprocally againOE togethersc1175 togethera1375 againwarda1382 changinglya1425 interchangeable1465 interchangeablyc1480 mutually1531 reciprocally?1555 reciproquely1558 intermutually1601 reportingly1611 alternatively1667 mutuously1683 reciprocously1683 interdependently1884 ?1555 G. Menewe Plaine Subuersyon Popecatholykes sig. Ee vii^v So soundeth this Greke worde allelois, whiche is as muche too saye, as mutually or reciprocally. 1587 J. Bridges Def. Govt. Church of Eng. xii. 1042 This double limitation is reciprocallie to be obserued: for as it is not lawfull for them that attend on the Church in spirituall things..so also is it not lawful for the ciuil Magistrate to passe his bounds. 1642 Pr. Charles in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. IV. 2 (note) Although a while dissevered we may reciprocally understand of each other's welfare. 1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 30 The Sun, Moon and all the Planets do reciprocally gravitate one toward another. 1759 S. Fielding Hist. Countess of Dellwyn I. 142 A lively..Capacity rendered them reciprocally agreeable to each other. 1791 T. Paine Rights of Man ii. i The diversity of talents in different men for reciprocally accommodating the wants of each other. 1821 W. Scott Pirate III. ii. 29 The two sisters..sat with their arms reciprocally passed over each other's shoulder. 1852 G. Bancroft Hist. Amer. Revol. I. i. 7 The existence of our kind is continuous, and its ages are reciprocally dependent. 1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant 666 The ultimate decision..as to the Kantian Criticism of Pure Reason must turn upon the opposition of perception and conception, as factors which reciprocally imply, and yet exclude, each other. 1937 C. M. Arensberg Irish Countryman 116 For we are dealing..with group-attitudes reciprocally held. 1991 J. Wiltshire Samuel Johnson in Med. World i. 41 He wrote, too, of his ‘disorders of body, and disturbances of the mind very near to madness’, implying a reciprocally damaging relationship, perhaps. 2. a. Mathematics. Inversely; in a reciprocal relationship. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [adverb] > in specific way reciprocally1570 comprehensively1816 trivially1941 strongly1955 weakly1955 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Comte de Candale in Euclid Elements Geom. vi. (Corollary) f. 182 The sections of the one to the sections of the other shall be reciprokally proportionall [L. reciprocè proportionales]. 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. xiii. 120 From hence the cause is evident, why two equal products have their Efficients reciprocally proportional. 1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth iv. 287 The Heat of the Sun is..reciprocally as the Squares of the Earth's distance from him. 1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 113 The Square of the Velocity is reciprocally as the Weight of the Body. 1832 H. Douglas Ess. Mil. Bridges (ed. 2) vii. 397 It being a condition of hydraulics, that the velocity of the current in different sections is reciprocally as those sections. 1878 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 1 88 Three of the factors F in which a and b are coupled will undergo no change, but the remaining twelve will evidently be resoluble into six pairs reciprocally related. 1993 Jrnl. Econ. Theory 60 378 The bound on the norm of the per capita aggregate excess demand is reciprocally related to the square root of the population. 2007 Jrnl. Physics D 40 146/1 The local field is reciprocally proportional to the emitter size. b. Conversely; in a contrary or opposing manner; vice versa. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adverb] fromward?c1225 contrariouslyc1380 contrarying to1382 reversinglya1425 contrary1463 clean fro1483 repugnantly?1526 diametrally?1533 contrairly1535 in diameter1543 thwartly1558 oppositely1567 contrarily1570 contrariwise1574 diameter-wise1600 diameterly1603 reciprocallya1628 diametrically1633 counter1643 encounter1660 polarly1670 Antarcticallya1711 contrariantly1796 antithetically1816 tout au contraire1841 antistrophically1842 contrapositively1858 in reverse1869 at cross-corners with1892 a1628 J. Preston New Covenant (1629) iii. 81 You must vnderstand it reciprocally, the battell is not alwayes to the strong, therefore it is some times to the weake. 1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. iv. 21 As the weight is to an equivalent power, so is the distance betwixt the weight and the center, unto the distance betwixt the center and the power, and so reciprocally. 1700 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 22 564 The third and last Enquiry is, why the motion of the Auricles and Ventricles of the Heart is alternate. That is, while the Auricles are contracted, the Ventricles are dilated, and so reciprocally. 1715 J. T. Desaguliers tr. N. Gauger Fires Improv'd 118 What opens the passage for hot Air to go into the Room, may shut out the cold Air, and so reciprocally. 1744 J. Harris Three Treat. 26 If it be true that all Art implies such Principle, is it reciprocally true that every such Principle should imply Art? 1807 O. Gregory tr. R. J. Haüy Elem. Treat. Nat. Philos. II. vii. 158 The rays which were considered convergent in the first case, will be conceived to diverge in the second, and so reciprocally. 1881 A. W. Williamson in Nature 1 Sept. 419/1 Substances capable of exerting great force by their combination are those which can undergo a great diminution of the velocity of their internal motions, and reciprocally. 1904 W. W. Willoughby Amer. Constit. Syst. vii. 129 Just as it has been held that the State may not interfere with..the exercise of his duty by a federal official, so, reciprocally, it has been held that the United States may not arbitrarily interfere with a state official. 1990 H. G. Widdowson Aspects of Lang. Teaching (BNC) 25 They seek to refer the particular techniques they use to more general principles, and, reciprocally, test out the validity of such principles against..practice. 3. a. Backwards and forwards; with alternating action. Now rare and Mechanics. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > [adverb] > reciprocating reciprocally1594 1594 G. Chapman Σκìα Νυκτòς sig. Ciij^v Times motion, being like the reeling sunnes, Or as the sea reciprocallie runnes. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 395 Euen as the Turkes..are tossed.., hanging betweene two high trees, reciprocally wauing in the ayre. 1836 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 7 129 Rotary motion is given to the crank, which causes the saw to move reciprocally in a horizontal direction. 1854 Ann. Sci. Discov. 69 A piston made to move reciprocally within a cylinder of known capacity, by the admission of the water on opposite sides alternately. 1990 J. K. Campbell Dibble Sticks, Donkeys, & Diesels v. 149 The seedling tray moves reciprocally from side to side to assure that a uniform quantity of seedlings is picked up by the planting fork during each stroke. †b. Alternately. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > alternation > [adverb] changeablyc1384 alternately1432 interchangeably1483 handy-dandya1529 time about1537 by course1548 at (by) intervals1588 alternatively1591 reciprocally1603 by reprises1607 alternally1627 alterably1635 altern1667 alternate1715 by vicissitudes1749 alternatingly1845 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1022 The respiration in living creatures..which..be nought else but bodies reciprocally and by alternative course, driving one another out of place round about, and mutually succeeding in their roomes. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. i. ii. viii. 39 The Lungs, which dilating themselues as a paire of bellowes, reciprocally fetch it [sc. the air] in and send it out. 4. In turn; in response or exchange; by way of (esp. equivalent or appropriate) return. ΚΠ 1598 S. Gosson Trumpet of Warre ii. f. 30 Demetrius promiseth succor to Ionathan against them that kept the Castle of Hierusalem..; Ionathan reciprocally sent a supplie of three thousand braue souldiers to Demetrius. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvii. v. 611 As they ever send out their owne raies by little and little, so they entertaine reciprocally the visuall beames of our eyes. 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 42 She was by her hopefull Bridegroome visited by letters and presents, whereunto she reciprocally corresponded. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. v. 91 Churches, from whence..their neighbours did fetch sound doctrine, and reciprocally paid to them due respect. 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Counterband or Counter-security, a Band or Security given reciprocally to him that is Bound or Security for another. 1723 tr. Pliny Epist. in Ten Bks. xi. 177 I have a Right, on the Merit of this, to hear reciprocally from you what is doing in your Town and Neighbourhood. 1756 Monitor No. 35. I. 327 As the mind affects the body, the body reciprocally affects the mind. 1829 T. Flint George Mason vi. 118 The captain was pleased with him, and he was reciprocally pleased with the captain and his prospects. 1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad II. ii. 150 Gustavus..confided..in the valour..of the Scottish nation and they reciprocally in the gallantry..of him. 1900 J. London Son of Wolf 83 He was reciprocally informed that he was a milk-and-water sissy and a cad. 1955 ‘C. H. Rolph’ Women of Streets x. 131 Prostitutes living with ‘pouffs’ who reciprocally kept them by their earnings when necessary. 1994 H. Burton Leonard Bernstein ii. xvi. 153 Bernstein was more interested in talking to Auden, whom he revered, than to Britten... Reciprocally, perhaps, Britten did not warm to his flamboyant interpreter. †5. Interchangeably; as equivalent to each other. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > synonymy > [adverb] equivalently1545 reciprocately1577 synonymically1599 synonymally1641 reciprocally1658 synonymously1659 interchangeably1871 1658 J. Bramhall Consecration Protestant Bishops Justified xi. 223 There is nothing either in our forme or theirs which doth distinctly and reciprocally expresse Episcopall power and Authority. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.?1555
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