rechargen.

Brit.

/ˈriːˌtʃɑːdʒ/,

/riːˈtʃɑːdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈriˌtʃɑrdʒ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: re- prefix, charge n.

Etymology: < re- prefix + charge n., probably partly after Middle French recharge new form of tax (1447; 1433 in sense ‘charge, responsibility’), action of making a second or further charge in battle (a1466), surcharge (1553). Compare recharge v.

a. A fresh or renewed charge (in various senses: see charge n. I.); the action or process of refilling or reloading something; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > [noun] > of loads > reload

recharge?1543

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > charge

shoot1645

charge1653

round1680

load1692

shot1708

recharge1728

feed1839

?1543 J. Clerke tr. D. de San Pedro Certayn Treatye sig. Civ A recharge and augmentacyon to my dolours.

1604 F. Bacon Certaine Considerations Church of Eng. sig. F2^v If it be conceived that any other persons bee charged it should bee a recharge or double charge.

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Ricarica, a recharge, a reburthen.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Recharge should never be so deep as the first Charge, least the piece..should burst.

1880 Fraser's Mag. Nov. 674 The recharge of the blood with the gaseous products of animal combustion.

1909 W. V. Turner & S. W. Dudley Devel. in Air Brakes 173 This shows how much more time was available in which to accomplish a recharge with the new valve.

1975 Science 7 Nov. 521/1 The ultimate result may be a recharge of the cycling nutrient pool.

1991 Power Sept. 30/3 Continuous removal of spent coke and recharge with fresh coke.

b. The action of recharging a battery; an instance of this. Also figurative: a restoration of physical and mental energy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > device for recharging > action

recharge1838

recharging1838

1838 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 128 23 The discharge..removes almost the whole of the forces by which the electric charge was driven into the dielectric, and..the greater portion returns on its course to..the conductors a and b, and constitutes the recharge observed.

1880 L. M. Fishback tr. A. Niaudet Elem. Treat. Electric Batteries ii. i. 115 Recharge of the cell.—When the cell has worked several months, more or less, the sulphate of copper is used up and converted into sulphate of zinc, and in order to give to the cell its first energy it must be recharged.

1929 Times 8 Mar. 9/6 How far can they [sc. electric vehicles] run without having a recharge?

1946 Amer. Slavic & East European Rev. 5 66 Rare outbursts of artistic inspirations at public vocal recitals..still sustained, like recharges of storage batteries, Turgenev's fascination for his friend's creative genius.

1993 Environment Digest (BNC) June–July It can recharge conventional batteries up to 20 times, thereby extending their useful life 10 times (the recharge is not equivalent to the initial charge).

2004 Church Times 23 Jan. 23/2 Suddenly the idea of a retreat as a recharge, an energiser rather than a cop-out, starts to make sense—and it certainly beats the health farm.

c. Hydrology. The replenishment of the water content of an aquifer, either naturally or by artificial means such as the creation of a recharge basin or the sinking of wells; a quantity of water so gained by an aquifer.

ΚΠ

1907 Surface Water Supply N. Pacific Coast Drainage 29 These escaping waters must be about equal to the average annual recharge.

1942 O. E. Meinzer Hydrol. x. 404 The recharge is increased if the intake area receives not only the local precipitation but also the surface flow of a tributary catchment area.

2000 M. de Villiers Water (new ed.) i. ii. 43 Where no permeable rocks exist, or where they exist but climate changes have allowed no recharge, there is no water table at all.

†2.

a. Military. A second or further charge in battle; a countercharge. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [noun] > renewed or return charge

recharge1575

countercharge1835

1575 T. Newton tr. C. A. Curione Notable Hist. Saracens i. 31 The Saracenes..followed the chase, and..set vpon them with a fierce recharge.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 675 That buffetting representeth the charging of the enemie, and the avoiding of his recharge.

a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) 749 Caesars ships being..ready for any needs of service, either for charge or recharges, or to turn about.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Recharge, a renewal of the charge or attack.

1836 J. F. Davis Chinese II. xi. 26 So the tumult would grow, with successive charges and re-charges.

1863 Times 30 Sept. 9/4 A battle scene..of charges made and repulsed, the wavering lines, the recharge, cheers.

b. figurative. A renewed attack of something. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1620 J. Pyper tr. H. d'Urfé Hist. Astrea i. vii. 234 This recharge of griefe surprized me so forcibly.

†3. The act of making an accusation again or in return. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > by turning argument against opponent > instance of

retortion1600

recrimination1604

recharge1637

tu quoque1671

counter-motion1893

1637 C. Dow Answer to H. Burton 127 His brave retort and recharge of sedition upon them.

1661 R. L'Estrange State-divinity 39 This Re-charge of our late Gratious Soveraign: and Imputation of the late War to the King's Party.

1672 J. Owen Disc. Evangelical Love iii. 91 We will not make a recharge on others who differ in Perswasion from us, of the same or the like crimes.

Compounds

recharge area n. Hydrology an area of land that is the catchment area for the recharge of an aquifer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > water-bearing > surface relating to aquifer

piezometric surface1923

recharge area1935

1935 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 20 Sept. 5/2 The higher parts of the valley, which are not underlain by the clay bed, form the recharge area of the artesian reservoir.

1991 Morris County (New Jersey) Summer 5/2 The degradation of groundwater began generations ago when it became public policy to cover aquifer recharge areas with rooftops and parking lots in the name of economic growth.

recharge basin n. Hydrology a basin, either natural or artificially constructed, that collects water for the recharge of an aquifer.

ΚΠ

1946 Econ. Geol. 41 514 The recharge basin..is used to return cooling water pumped from four large capacity wells.

1970 Daily Tel. 18 Sept. 5/2 Long Island is combating the threat [of drought] by constructing ‘recharge basins’ capable of retaining about 10 per cent. of the water now being lost to the sea.

1991 Environmental Health Perspectives 92 26/1 The source of the chromium contamination was a recharge basin used for the disposal of solutions from an aircraft plant.

recharge well n. Hydrology a well used to inject water into an aquifer for artificial recharge.

ΚΠ

1923 O. E. Meinzer Outl. Ground-Water Hydrol., U.S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply Paper No. 494 67 Recharge wells have recently received attention in connection with plans for conserving the water supply in arid regions.

1942 O. E. Meinzer Hydrology 473 The residual drawdown..will be the same as if the discharge of the well had continued but a recharge well with the same flow had been introduced at the same point in the flow system.

2003 Biogeochemistry 66 178 Locations of simulated pumping and recharge wells..remained the same for all simulated management scenarios.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rechargev.

Brit.

/ˌriːˈtʃɑːdʒ/, U.S.

/riˈtʃɑrdʒ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: re- prefix, charge v.

Etymology: < re- prefix + charge v., perhaps partly after Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French recharger to increase a charge (c1165 in Old French as rechargier ), to reburden (mid 13th cent. or earlier), to charge again (1258), to reload (a1401 or earlier), to entrust again, to appoint a second time (a1377 or earlier), to reload (a weapon) (1564). Compare recharge n.

a. transitive. To reload (a ship); to reload (something) on to a ship. In extended use: to refill (a vessel, container, etc.). In early use frequently to discharge and recharge. Also used reflexively and intransitively.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > transport by water [verb (transitive)] > load or unload cargo > load a ship or a cargo > again

recharge1432

refraught1612

the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > again

replenish1612

replete1614

refill1615

recharge1839

1432 Rolls of Parl. IV. 417/2 They [sc. ships] have atte all tymes be discharged and recharged.

1443 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 228 (MED) The Kyng tooke into his saufconduyct..Wauter Johnson & John Dardell..maistres of a ship called the Gabriel..for to come into þe Kynges lordshippes..þere abide & recharge.

1469 in E. W. W. Veale Great Red Bk. Bristol: Text Pt. II (1938) 133 (MED) We licence the seid merchauntes..alle maner goodes and merchaundises in the said Shipp to Recharge.

1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 250 The seid veassayle..saylyng..vnto Portesmouth & ther dyscharged then frome thens to Southampton & ther Recharged with the cordage.

1531 Charter 12 June in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/9/66) f. 86 From thens..to sayle to Burdeaux and ther to discharge..& recharge.

1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War f. CCiii^v They..determyned to retourne from thence to Tichiusa for to recharge their baggage.

1600 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 863 They bee there all the winter in the ports to discharge their lading and recharge backe againe.

1615 J. Loiseau de Tourval tr. H. de Feynes Exact Surv. E. Indies 35 The Portugalls mutually come to discharge and recharge themselues.

1701 R. Gardiner Enchiridion Clericale 345 To relade and recharge into her the said Ship 150 Tuns,..of such Goods, Wares and Merchandizes, as it shall please the said C.D.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 167 As soon as the melting-pot is emptied, it is immediately re-charged.

1882 F. J. Bramwell Making & Working Channel Tunnel 24 It will be perfectly possible to re-charge the reservoirs..should such re-charging..be needed.

1889 Science 24 May 395/1 When the air has been exhausted, a few movements of the small pump-handles are sufficient to recharge it.

1925 Today's Housewife Feb. 25/1 Number 1 is now lifted, recharged with henna paint, and placed on the right of number 2 which has just been printed.

1965 Safety Educ. (National Safety Council) 93 Fire Extinguishers must be Inspected and Recharged.

1992 N.Y. Times 5 May c5/3 The JetMaster, a..device that will recharge an ink-jet cartridge 6 to 10 times for the price of a single new cartridge.

2001 J. Nickell in H. Crafts Bondwoman's Narr. (2002) 294 The writer recharges the pen by dipping it once again into the inkwell.

b. transitive. To reload (a weapon). Cf. charge n. 3.

ΚΠ

1658 W. Prynne Eight Mil. Aphorismes sig. d^v Being past their levell and danger at the first discharge of their Cannons over against them, and quite out of it ere they can be recharged.

1700 P. Rycaut Knolles's Turkish Hist. (ed. 6) III. 313/2 Having not time to Re-Charge their Fire-Arms, they fought only at handy blows.

1743 Brit. Glory Reviv'd 23 They fired upon us, and then retired into the Wood.., till such Time as they had recharged their Pieces.

1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 208 We therefore recharged the gun with 34 grains of the mercurial powder.

1876 G. Meredith Beauchamp's Career III. ii. 34 The highwayman innkeeper and the market farmer who had been thoughtful enough to recharge his pistols after quitting the inn at midnight.

1919 ‘B. Cable’ Old Contemptibles xvii. 277 Carruthers..took a box of cartridges from a niche in the wall, and proceeded to recharge his magazine.

1956 D. Teilhet Road to Glory 161 Hugo remembered to ask for a pouch of black powder and another of ball and wadding. He recharged his pistol.

2004 H. Melton Touch not this Wall 89 After slamming the belt into place, he recharged the gun and began to search the ground around the brush with bullets.

c. transitive. Hydrology. To replenish the water content of (an aquifer). Cf. recharge n. 1c.

ΚΠ

1942 A. C. Swinnerton in O. E. Meinzer Hydrol. xiv. 698 It is possible to recharge basalt by running water down drilled wells.

1976 A. J. Raudkivi & R. A. Callander Anal. Groundwater Flow v. 108 If the well is at the centre of an island,..the aquifer is recharged from the lake surrounding the island.

2000 M. de Villiers Water (new ed.) i. ii. 40 It is called ‘water mining’, which is the unsustainable withdrawal of water from an aquifer that is no longer being ‘recharged’ or filled.

2. Chiefly in legal contexts.

†a. transitive. To charge or accuse in return. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] > by counter-charge

answerOE

returna1500

retort?1542

reject1553

recharge1566

contort?1567

invert1584

reband1588

recriminate1603

rebut1624

countercharge1626

occur1660

counterprove1679

1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie Ep. sig. ***^v The Vntruthes which..you haue charged and turned vpon D. Harding I haue discharged him thereof, and Recharged or Returned them vpon you againe.

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iii. xi. 162 Whereupon they recharge vs, as if in these things we gaue the Church a libertie which hath no limits or bounds.

1602 R. Parsons Warn-word ii. ii. f. 9^v He hath sought to auoyd the same [charge of lying] by recharging vs, and some of ours againe with like fault.

1697 G. Keith 2nd Narr. Proc. Turners-Hall 33 Whereas I charged T. Elw. with perverting the Apostles Creed, he recharges me, and lays the whole Ground of his Charge upon a Quibble.

1717 D. Prat Answer Snape's 2nd Let. to Bishop of Bangor 7 His Lordship might however recharge you home again.

†b. intransitive. To repeat a charge or accusation. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) i. lxi. 16 Norfolke denies them peremptorily. Herford recharg'd.

c. transitive. To make a new charge against; to accuse again.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > afresh

re-accuse1609

recharge1609

1609 R. Parsons Quiet Reckoning x. 665 He is so recharged with new Charges in the last precedent Chapter.

1685 N. Tate Cuckolds-Haven iii. ii. 34 I will charge 'em and re-charge 'em rather than Authority shall want Matter to work upon 'em.

1709 F. Bugg Quakerism Anatomized V. xxvii. This makes me and others slight your Answers, and still Charge and Re-charge you over and over.

1848 Times 28 Oct. 4/5 He said, that..he might be obliged before the Commission terminated to send for them and recharge them.

1895 Daily News 4 June 2/5 The magistrate..then directed that she should be re-charged for the assault on the assistant gaoler.

1966 N. W. Hooke & M. Thomas Marshall Hall 61 His truculence abated when he was recharged with feloniously using an instrument and administering a noxious drug.

2005 S. Zuhur Hundred Osamas 41 He appealed his 4-year sentence, which was reduced to 18 months, whereupon he was recharged under Indonesia's Anti-Terrorism Act.

d. transitive. With †upon or to. To impute (a sin) in return. rare.

ΚΠ

1665 G. Wither Medit. upon Lords Prayer 2 [He] shall have all his suits rejected, and his sins..recharged upon him.

1919 Amer. Jrnl. Theol. 23 145 The sin which is charged to Romanism may be recharged some day to Protestantism.

†3. transitive. To enjoin or exhort again. Cf. charge v. 13. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > enjoin or instruct > again

recharge1567

re-enjoin1611

1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 144 Therle..recharged her with a seconde admonishement, to bee no lesse carefull of his commoditie, then curious of her owne Quiett.

4. intransitive. Originally and chiefly Military. To launch a further concerted assault on an opposing force; to charge again in battle. Later also in extended use. Cf. charge v. 22.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [verb (intransitive)] > again or in return

recharge1598

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 43 Then recharging aduisedly to be ready to come vp.

1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale ix. 90 With valient secondes, placd to recharge after.

1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 lxvii. 18 They charge, re-charge, and all along the Sea They drive, and squander the huge Belgian Fleet.

1743 S. Boyse Albion's Triumph 5 Repuls'd,—impetuous they recharge again, Again compell'd inglorious to retreat.

1779 tr. Duke of Berwick Mem. I. 64 We charged and re-charged ten times; and at last the enemy, amazed at our boldness, halted.

1863 Times 18 May 9/2 They charged and recharged upon the infantry, only to be in turn driven back.

a1899 A. Lampman Lyrics of Earth (1925) iii. 203 Tempestuous gray battalions of the rain Charge and recharge across the plateaued floors.

1925–6 E. Hemingway Fifth Column Autumn–Winter 226 Manuel swung his body clear and, as the bull recharged brought around the muleta in a half circle.

1999 I. Douglas Luna Marine 71 He'd been holding off, hoping to..wait for their air supplies to give out while his own troops recharged.

5. transitive. To impose as a pecuniary charge again or in turn. Cf. charge v. 18.

ΚΠ

1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 254 The unfair Traders, and Runners, and such as come in before the Duties are recharged.

1772 T. Jefferson Memorandum Bks. 30 Dec. (1997) I. 299 Ford's 5/9 and A. Hamilton's 30/ to be recharged in Cash book.

1821 Times 25 May 2/3 When this colonial revenue was afterwards augmented, the pension was not recharged upon it.

1891 J. A. Fisher Railway Accts. & Finance 91 Recharge the amount by invoice to the debit of the Accountant.

1940 D. Ketcham Michigan Hosp. Handbk. 20 The cost of communicable disease cases is paid by the state and recharged to the county from which the child was committed.

1991 R. Ivins Know your Land Rover (BNC) 82 These attract 15% VAT when new which is reclaimable by a registered person and is recharged on resale price.

2004 P. Rainey & P. Staddon Service Charges & Managem. 294 If the account were in the name of the landlord and the landlord recharged the sum paid this would be a service subject to VAT.

a. transitive. To restore an electric charge to (a battery); to restore electrical energy to (an electrical appliance or device) by connecting it to a power supply.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > charge [verb (transitive)]

recharge1774

to top up1937

trickle-charge1959

1774 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 144 The apparatus being thus disposed, he re-charged the battery.

1824 Suppl. Encycl. Brit. IV. 439/1 If the same piece of soap be interposed between the two poles of a pile of equal tension, constructed with a good liquid conductor.., it will not be capable of completely discharging it as fast as it is recharged.

1880 Proc. Physical Soc. 4 217 The electricity is gradually conducted back to the coatings, and thus recharges them.

1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 22 Mar. (Suppl.) 8/2 The battery..is recharged for a few pence with a trickle charger.

1998 Canal Boat & Inland Waterways Aug. 31/2 A..cigar lighter socket, indispensable for recharging camcorders and mobile telephones.

2001 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 30 Aug. d4/3 A growing number of products..allow you to recharge a cell phone with nothing more than your own muscle power.

b. intransitive. To acquire an electric charge again; to become fully charged again.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > recharge [verb (intransitive)]

recharge1897

1897 Science 21 May 795/1 The plate would often appear to recharge to a very noticeable degree.

1974 Sci. Amer. Nov. 134/2 The fully discharged battery would recharge..in about 40 hours.

2001 Contact May 60/2 Its battery..and recharges automatically when the Palm is in its desktop cradle.

a. transitive. To restore strength to (one's body, mind, energy, enthusiasm, etc.); also reflexive. to recharge one's (also the) batteries: to restore one's physical and mental strength after a period of exertion, esp. by means of rest or a change of circumstances.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > become refreshed or invigorated [verb (intransitive)]

to take (one's, a) breatha1398

to pull, shake oneself togethera1400

wheta1400

recomfortc1425

revigour1447

breathe1485

respirea1500

convailc1500

unweary1530

air1633

recruit1644

refresh1644

reanimate1645

invigorate1646

rally1646

to perk upa1656

renovate1660

reawake1663

freshen1694

renervate1801

recuperate1843

to recharge one's (also the) batteries1911

1911 H. Begbie Souls in Action 146 With a body braced by healthful toil, a mind recharged.

1921 W. S. Churchill Let. 9 Feb. in M. Soames Clementine Churchill (1979) xiii. 194 Subordinate everything in yr life to regathering yr nervous energy, and recharging yr batteries.

1939 P. D. Bookstaber Judaism & Amer. Mind in Theory & Pract. 56 The Synagogue..became a ‘power-house’ wherein and through which, the Jew could recharge his mind and body and spirit .

1958 M. T. Fisher & J. Fisher Shackleton & Antarctic 22 Ideas of immensity and effort, the type of ideas with which he was apt to recharge his energy.

1971 A. Price Alamut Ambush x. 127 His London existence had been frenetic, and Firle was where he recharged his batteries.

1988 E. Young-Bruehl Anna Freud iv. 172 Jones..had brought on Melanie Klein to recharge the Londoners' enthusiasm.

2007 Time Out N.Y. 8 Mar. 54/3 Recharge yourself with a crisp dill pickle and a bissel cream soda.

b. intransitive. Of a person or a part of the body: to regain strength, enthusiasm, etc.

ΚΠ

1942 Jrnl. Amer. Soc. Archit. Historians 2 14 If such failure to recharge should persist through successive generations, civilisations become static.

1976 G. Moffat Short Time to Live xii. 136 London's..overwhelming... You come home to recharge, and go back.

2004 J. Dilevko & L. Gottlieb Reading & Ref. Librarian ii. iv. 108 Part of being able to ‘recharge’ after work is removing oneself not only physically, but also mentally from the work environment.

Derivatives

reˈcharged adj.

ΚΠ

1860 Chambers's Jrnl. 14 July 19/2 Each man fired as fast as his attendant could hand him a recharged gun.

1911 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 14 July 16/5 (advt.) New or recharged batteries.

1989 Computer Buyer's Guide xvi. 41/1 Many users of laser printers swear by recharged cartridges.

2002 Premiere Dec. 104/2 The other recharged soul was Mickey Rourke, whose role in Spin..represents a new attitude toward his acting career.

reˈcharging n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > device for recharging > action

recharge1838

recharging1838

1838 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 128 266 If the globe were discharged, they would all return to their normal state, to be polarized again upon the recharging of the globe.

1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xx. v. 125 Such charging and recharging, pulsing and repulsing, has there been.

1893 J. T. Niblett Portative Electr. iii. 187 Nearly all cases of failure of secondary batteries are due to lack of sufficient knowledge on the part of the user for properly conducting the operation of recharging.

1926 C. Connolly Let. 8 June in Romantic Friendship (1975) 139 I need recharging. I expect we both do.

1942 E. Partridge Usage & Abusage 170/2 The invention of either new words or new senses (i.e., the re-charging of old words).

2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 Nov. e8/1 Chips choreograph the power flow during recharging, allowing current to pour in rapidly when the batteries are drained.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	recharge
释义	rechargen. Brit. /ˈriːˌtʃɑːdʒ/, /riːˈtʃɑːdʒ/, U.S. /ˈriˌtʃɑrdʒ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: re- prefix, charge n. Etymology: < re- prefix + charge n., probably partly after Middle French recharge new form of tax (1447; 1433 in sense ‘charge, responsibility’), action of making a second or further charge in battle (a1466), surcharge (1553). Compare recharge v. 1. a. A fresh or renewed charge (in various senses: see charge n. I.); the action or process of refilling or reloading something; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > [noun] > of loads > reload recharge?1543 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > charge shoot1645 charge1653 round1680 load1692 shot1708 recharge1728 feed1839 ?1543 J. Clerke tr. D. de San Pedro Certayn Treatye sig. Civ A recharge and augmentacyon to my dolours. 1604 F. Bacon Certaine Considerations Church of Eng. sig. F2^v If it be conceived that any other persons bee charged it should bee a recharge or double charge. 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Ricarica, a recharge, a reburthen. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Recharge should never be so deep as the first Charge, least the piece..should burst. 1880 Fraser's Mag. Nov. 674 The recharge of the blood with the gaseous products of animal combustion. 1909 W. V. Turner & S. W. Dudley Devel. in Air Brakes 173 This shows how much more time was available in which to accomplish a recharge with the new valve. 1975 Science 7 Nov. 521/1 The ultimate result may be a recharge of the cycling nutrient pool. 1991 Power Sept. 30/3 Continuous removal of spent coke and recharge with fresh coke. b. The action of recharging a battery; an instance of this. Also figurative: a restoration of physical and mental energy. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > device for recharging > action recharge1838 recharging1838 1838 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 128 23 The discharge..removes almost the whole of the forces by which the electric charge was driven into the dielectric, and..the greater portion returns on its course to..the conductors a and b, and constitutes the recharge observed. 1880 L. M. Fishback tr. A. Niaudet Elem. Treat. Electric Batteries ii. i. 115 Recharge of the cell.—When the cell has worked several months, more or less, the sulphate of copper is used up and converted into sulphate of zinc, and in order to give to the cell its first energy it must be recharged. 1929 Times 8 Mar. 9/6 How far can they [sc. electric vehicles] run without having a recharge? 1946 Amer. Slavic & East European Rev. 5 66 Rare outbursts of artistic inspirations at public vocal recitals..still sustained, like recharges of storage batteries, Turgenev's fascination for his friend's creative genius. 1993 Environment Digest (BNC) June–July It can recharge conventional batteries up to 20 times, thereby extending their useful life 10 times (the recharge is not equivalent to the initial charge). 2004 Church Times 23 Jan. 23/2 Suddenly the idea of a retreat as a recharge, an energiser rather than a cop-out, starts to make sense—and it certainly beats the health farm. c. Hydrology. The replenishment of the water content of an aquifer, either naturally or by artificial means such as the creation of a recharge basin or the sinking of wells; a quantity of water so gained by an aquifer. ΚΠ 1907 Surface Water Supply N. Pacific Coast Drainage 29 These escaping waters must be about equal to the average annual recharge. 1942 O. E. Meinzer Hydrol. x. 404 The recharge is increased if the intake area receives not only the local precipitation but also the surface flow of a tributary catchment area. 2000 M. de Villiers Water (new ed.) i. ii. 43 Where no permeable rocks exist, or where they exist but climate changes have allowed no recharge, there is no water table at all. †2. a. Military. A second or further charge in battle; a countercharge. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [noun] > renewed or return charge recharge1575 countercharge1835 1575 T. Newton tr. C. A. Curione Notable Hist. Saracens i. 31 The Saracenes..followed the chase, and..set vpon them with a fierce recharge. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 675 That buffetting representeth the charging of the enemie, and the avoiding of his recharge. a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) 749 Caesars ships being..ready for any needs of service, either for charge or recharges, or to turn about. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Recharge, a renewal of the charge or attack. 1836 J. F. Davis Chinese II. xi. 26 So the tumult would grow, with successive charges and re-charges. 1863 Times 30 Sept. 9/4 A battle scene..of charges made and repulsed, the wavering lines, the recharge, cheers. b. figurative. A renewed attack of something. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1620 J. Pyper tr. H. d'Urfé Hist. Astrea i. vii. 234 This recharge of griefe surprized me so forcibly. †3. The act of making an accusation again or in return. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > by turning argument against opponent > instance of retortion1600 recrimination1604 recharge1637 tu quoque1671 counter-motion1893 1637 C. Dow Answer to H. Burton 127 His brave retort and recharge of sedition upon them. 1661 R. L'Estrange State-divinity 39 This Re-charge of our late Gratious Soveraign: and Imputation of the late War to the King's Party. 1672 J. Owen Disc. Evangelical Love iii. 91 We will not make a recharge on others who differ in Perswasion from us, of the same or the like crimes. Compounds recharge area n. Hydrology an area of land that is the catchment area for the recharge of an aquifer. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > water-bearing > surface relating to aquifer piezometric surface1923 recharge area1935 1935 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 20 Sept. 5/2 The higher parts of the valley, which are not underlain by the clay bed, form the recharge area of the artesian reservoir. 1991 Morris County (New Jersey) Summer 5/2 The degradation of groundwater began generations ago when it became public policy to cover aquifer recharge areas with rooftops and parking lots in the name of economic growth. recharge basin n. Hydrology a basin, either natural or artificially constructed, that collects water for the recharge of an aquifer. ΚΠ 1946 Econ. Geol. 41 514 The recharge basin..is used to return cooling water pumped from four large capacity wells. 1970 Daily Tel. 18 Sept. 5/2 Long Island is combating the threat [of drought] by constructing ‘recharge basins’ capable of retaining about 10 per cent. of the water now being lost to the sea. 1991 Environmental Health Perspectives 92 26/1 The source of the chromium contamination was a recharge basin used for the disposal of solutions from an aircraft plant. recharge well n. Hydrology a well used to inject water into an aquifer for artificial recharge. ΚΠ 1923 O. E. Meinzer Outl. Ground-Water Hydrol., U.S. Geol. Surv., Water-Supply Paper No. 494 67 Recharge wells have recently received attention in connection with plans for conserving the water supply in arid regions. 1942 O. E. Meinzer Hydrology 473 The residual drawdown..will be the same as if the discharge of the well had continued but a recharge well with the same flow had been introduced at the same point in the flow system. 2003 Biogeochemistry 66 178 Locations of simulated pumping and recharge wells..remained the same for all simulated management scenarios. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rechargev. Brit. /ˌriːˈtʃɑːdʒ/, U.S. /riˈtʃɑrdʒ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: re- prefix, charge v. Etymology: < re- prefix + charge v., perhaps partly after Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French recharger to increase a charge (c1165 in Old French as rechargier ), to reburden (mid 13th cent. or earlier), to charge again (1258), to reload (a1401 or earlier), to entrust again, to appoint a second time (a1377 or earlier), to reload (a weapon) (1564). Compare recharge n. 1. a. transitive. To reload (a ship); to reload (something) on to a ship. In extended use: to refill (a vessel, container, etc.). In early use frequently to discharge and recharge. Also used reflexively and intransitively. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > transport by water [verb (transitive)] > load or unload cargo > load a ship or a cargo > again recharge1432 refraught1612 the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > again replenish1612 replete1614 refill1615 recharge1839 1432 Rolls of Parl. IV. 417/2 They [sc. ships] have atte all tymes be discharged and recharged. 1443 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 228 (MED) The Kyng tooke into his saufconduyct..Wauter Johnson & John Dardell..maistres of a ship called the Gabriel..for to come into þe Kynges lordshippes..þere abide & recharge. 1469 in E. W. W. Veale Great Red Bk. Bristol: Text Pt. II (1938) 133 (MED) We licence the seid merchauntes..alle maner goodes and merchaundises in the said Shipp to Recharge. 1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 250 The seid veassayle..saylyng..vnto Portesmouth & ther dyscharged then frome thens to Southampton & ther Recharged with the cordage. 1531 Charter 12 June in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/9/66) f. 86 From thens..to sayle to Burdeaux and ther to discharge..& recharge. 1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War f. CCiii^v They..determyned to retourne from thence to Tichiusa for to recharge their baggage. 1600 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 863 They bee there all the winter in the ports to discharge their lading and recharge backe againe. 1615 J. Loiseau de Tourval tr. H. de Feynes Exact Surv. E. Indies 35 The Portugalls mutually come to discharge and recharge themselues. 1701 R. Gardiner Enchiridion Clericale 345 To relade and recharge into her the said Ship 150 Tuns,..of such Goods, Wares and Merchandizes, as it shall please the said C.D. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 167 As soon as the melting-pot is emptied, it is immediately re-charged. 1882 F. J. Bramwell Making & Working Channel Tunnel 24 It will be perfectly possible to re-charge the reservoirs..should such re-charging..be needed. 1889 Science 24 May 395/1 When the air has been exhausted, a few movements of the small pump-handles are sufficient to recharge it. 1925 Today's Housewife Feb. 25/1 Number 1 is now lifted, recharged with henna paint, and placed on the right of number 2 which has just been printed. 1965 Safety Educ. (National Safety Council) 93 Fire Extinguishers must be Inspected and Recharged. 1992 N.Y. Times 5 May c5/3 The JetMaster, a..device that will recharge an ink-jet cartridge 6 to 10 times for the price of a single new cartridge. 2001 J. Nickell in H. Crafts Bondwoman's Narr. (2002) 294 The writer recharges the pen by dipping it once again into the inkwell. b. transitive. To reload (a weapon). Cf. charge n. 3. ΚΠ 1658 W. Prynne Eight Mil. Aphorismes sig. d^v Being past their levell and danger at the first discharge of their Cannons over against them, and quite out of it ere they can be recharged. 1700 P. Rycaut Knolles's Turkish Hist. (ed. 6) III. 313/2 Having not time to Re-Charge their Fire-Arms, they fought only at handy blows. 1743 Brit. Glory Reviv'd 23 They fired upon us, and then retired into the Wood.., till such Time as they had recharged their Pieces. 1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 208 We therefore recharged the gun with 34 grains of the mercurial powder. 1876 G. Meredith Beauchamp's Career III. ii. 34 The highwayman innkeeper and the market farmer who had been thoughtful enough to recharge his pistols after quitting the inn at midnight. 1919 ‘B. Cable’ Old Contemptibles xvii. 277 Carruthers..took a box of cartridges from a niche in the wall, and proceeded to recharge his magazine. 1956 D. Teilhet Road to Glory 161 Hugo remembered to ask for a pouch of black powder and another of ball and wadding. He recharged his pistol. 2004 H. Melton Touch not this Wall 89 After slamming the belt into place, he recharged the gun and began to search the ground around the brush with bullets. c. transitive. Hydrology. To replenish the water content of (an aquifer). Cf. recharge n. 1c. ΚΠ 1942 A. C. Swinnerton in O. E. Meinzer Hydrol. xiv. 698 It is possible to recharge basalt by running water down drilled wells. 1976 A. J. Raudkivi & R. A. Callander Anal. Groundwater Flow v. 108 If the well is at the centre of an island,..the aquifer is recharged from the lake surrounding the island. 2000 M. de Villiers Water (new ed.) i. ii. 40 It is called ‘water mining’, which is the unsustainable withdrawal of water from an aquifer that is no longer being ‘recharged’ or filled. 2. Chiefly in legal contexts. †a. transitive. To charge or accuse in return. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] > by counter-charge answerOE returna1500 retort?1542 reject1553 recharge1566 contort?1567 invert1584 reband1588 recriminate1603 rebut1624 countercharge1626 occur1660 counterprove1679 1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie Ep. sig. **^v The Vntruthes which..you haue charged and turned vpon D. Harding I haue discharged him thereof, and Recharged or Returned them vpon you againe. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie* iii. xi. 162 Whereupon they recharge vs, as if in these things we gaue the Church a libertie which hath no limits or bounds. 1602 R. Parsons Warn-word ii. ii. f. 9^v He hath sought to auoyd the same [charge of lying] by recharging vs, and some of ours againe with like fault. 1697 G. Keith 2nd Narr. Proc. Turners-Hall 33 Whereas I charged T. Elw. with perverting the Apostles Creed, he recharges me, and lays the whole Ground of his Charge upon a Quibble. 1717 D. Prat Answer Snape's 2nd Let. to Bishop of Bangor 7 His Lordship might however recharge you home again. †b. intransitive. To repeat a charge or accusation. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) i. lxi. 16 Norfolke denies them peremptorily. Herford recharg'd. c. transitive. To make a new charge against; to accuse again. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > afresh re-accuse1609 recharge1609 1609 R. Parsons Quiet Reckoning x. 665 He is so recharged with new Charges in the last precedent Chapter. 1685 N. Tate Cuckolds-Haven iii. ii. 34 I will charge 'em and re-charge 'em rather than Authority shall want Matter to work upon 'em. 1709 F. Bugg Quakerism Anatomized V. xxvii. This makes me and others slight your Answers, and still Charge and Re-charge you over and over. 1848 Times 28 Oct. 4/5 He said, that..he might be obliged before the Commission terminated to send for them and recharge them. 1895 Daily News 4 June 2/5 The magistrate..then directed that she should be re-charged for the assault on the assistant gaoler. 1966 N. W. Hooke & M. Thomas Marshall Hall 61 His truculence abated when he was recharged with feloniously using an instrument and administering a noxious drug. 2005 S. Zuhur Hundred Osamas 41 He appealed his 4-year sentence, which was reduced to 18 months, whereupon he was recharged under Indonesia's Anti-Terrorism Act. d. transitive. With †upon or to. To impute (a sin) in return. rare. ΚΠ 1665 G. Wither Medit. upon Lords Prayer 2 [He] shall have all his suits rejected, and his sins..recharged upon him. 1919 Amer. Jrnl. Theol. 23 145 The sin which is charged to Romanism may be recharged some day to Protestantism. †3. transitive. To enjoin or exhort again. Cf. charge v. 13. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > enjoin or instruct > again recharge1567 re-enjoin1611 1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 144 Therle..recharged her with a seconde admonishement, to bee no lesse carefull of his commoditie, then curious of her owne Quiett. 4. intransitive. Originally and chiefly Military. To launch a further concerted assault on an opposing force; to charge again in battle. Later also in extended use. Cf. charge v. 22. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [verb (intransitive)] > again or in return recharge1598 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 43 Then recharging aduisedly to be ready to come vp. 1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale ix. 90 With valient secondes, placd to recharge after. 1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 lxvii. 18 They charge, re-charge, and all along the Sea They drive, and squander the huge Belgian Fleet. 1743 S. Boyse Albion's Triumph 5 Repuls'd,—impetuous they recharge again, Again compell'd inglorious to retreat. 1779 tr. Duke of Berwick Mem. I. 64 We charged and re-charged ten times; and at last the enemy, amazed at our boldness, halted. 1863 Times 18 May 9/2 They charged and recharged upon the infantry, only to be in turn driven back. a1899 A. Lampman Lyrics of Earth (1925) iii. 203 Tempestuous gray battalions of the rain Charge and recharge across the plateaued floors. 1925–6 E. Hemingway Fifth Column Autumn–Winter 226 Manuel swung his body clear and, as the bull recharged brought around the muleta in a half circle. 1999 I. Douglas Luna Marine 71 He'd been holding off, hoping to..wait for their air supplies to give out while his own troops recharged. 5. transitive. To impose as a pecuniary charge again or in turn. Cf. charge v. 18. ΚΠ 1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 254 The unfair Traders, and Runners, and such as come in before the Duties are recharged. 1772 T. Jefferson Memorandum Bks. 30 Dec. (1997) I. 299 Ford's 5/9 and A. Hamilton's 30/ to be recharged in Cash book. 1821 Times 25 May 2/3 When this colonial revenue was afterwards augmented, the pension was not recharged upon it. 1891 J. A. Fisher Railway Accts. & Finance 91 Recharge the amount by invoice to the debit of the Accountant. 1940 D. Ketcham Michigan Hosp. Handbk. 20 The cost of communicable disease cases is paid by the state and recharged to the county from which the child was committed. 1991 R. Ivins Know your Land Rover (BNC) 82 These attract 15% VAT when new which is reclaimable by a registered person and is recharged on resale price. 2004 P. Rainey & P. Staddon Service Charges & Managem. 294 If the account were in the name of the landlord and the landlord recharged the sum paid this would be a service subject to VAT. 6. a. transitive. To restore an electric charge to (a battery); to restore electrical energy to (an electrical appliance or device) by connecting it to a power supply. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > charge [verb (transitive)] recharge1774 to top up1937 trickle-charge1959 1774 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 144 The apparatus being thus disposed, he re-charged the battery. 1824 Suppl. Encycl. Brit. IV. 439/1 If the same piece of soap be interposed between the two poles of a pile of equal tension, constructed with a good liquid conductor.., it will not be capable of completely discharging it as fast as it is recharged. 1880 Proc. Physical Soc. 4 217 The electricity is gradually conducted back to the coatings, and thus recharges them. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 22 Mar. (Suppl.) 8/2 The battery..is recharged for a few pence with a trickle charger. 1998 Canal Boat & Inland Waterways Aug. 31/2 A..cigar lighter socket, indispensable for recharging camcorders and mobile telephones. 2001 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 30 Aug. d4/3 A growing number of products..allow you to recharge a cell phone with nothing more than your own muscle power. b. intransitive. To acquire an electric charge again; to become fully charged again. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > recharge [verb (intransitive)] recharge1897 1897 Science 21 May 795/1 The plate would often appear to recharge to a very noticeable degree. 1974 Sci. Amer. Nov. 134/2 The fully discharged battery would recharge..in about 40 hours. 2001 Contact May 60/2 Its battery..and recharges automatically when the Palm is in its desktop cradle. 7. a. transitive. To restore strength to (one's body, mind, energy, enthusiasm, etc.); also reflexive. to recharge one's (also the) batteries: to restore one's physical and mental strength after a period of exertion, esp. by means of rest or a change of circumstances. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > become refreshed or invigorated [verb (intransitive)] to take (one's, a) breatha1398 to pull, shake oneself togethera1400 wheta1400 recomfortc1425 revigour1447 breathe1485 respirea1500 convailc1500 unweary1530 air1633 recruit1644 refresh1644 reanimate1645 invigorate1646 rally1646 to perk upa1656 renovate1660 reawake1663 freshen1694 renervate1801 recuperate1843 to recharge one's (also the) batteries1911 1911 H. Begbie Souls in Action 146 With a body braced by healthful toil, a mind recharged. 1921 W. S. Churchill Let. 9 Feb. in M. Soames Clementine Churchill (1979) xiii. 194 Subordinate everything in yr life to regathering yr nervous energy, and recharging yr batteries. 1939 P. D. Bookstaber Judaism & Amer. Mind in Theory & Pract. 56 The Synagogue..became a ‘power-house’ wherein and through which, the Jew could recharge his mind and body and spirit . 1958 M. T. Fisher & J. Fisher Shackleton & Antarctic 22 Ideas of immensity and effort, the type of ideas with which he was apt to recharge his energy. 1971 A. Price Alamut Ambush x. 127 His London existence had been frenetic, and Firle was where he recharged his batteries. 1988 E. Young-Bruehl Anna Freud iv. 172 Jones..had brought on Melanie Klein to recharge the Londoners' enthusiasm. 2007 Time Out N.Y. 8 Mar. 54/3 Recharge yourself with a crisp dill pickle and a bissel cream soda. b. intransitive. Of a person or a part of the body: to regain strength, enthusiasm, etc. ΚΠ 1942 Jrnl. Amer. Soc. Archit. Historians 2 14 If such failure to recharge should persist through successive generations, civilisations become static. 1976 G. Moffat Short Time to Live xii. 136 London's..overwhelming... You come home to recharge, and go back. 2004 J. Dilevko & L. Gottlieb Reading & Ref. Librarian ii. iv. 108 Part of being able to ‘recharge’ after work is removing oneself not only physically, but also mentally from the work environment. Derivatives reˈcharged adj. ΚΠ 1860 Chambers's Jrnl. 14 July 19/2 Each man fired as fast as his attendant could hand him a recharged gun. 1911 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 14 July 16/5 (advt.) New or recharged batteries. 1989 Computer Buyer's Guide xvi. 41/1 Many users of laser printers swear by recharged cartridges. 2002 Premiere Dec. 104/2 The other recharged soul was Mickey Rourke, whose role in Spin..represents a new attitude toward his acting career. reˈcharging n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > device for recharging > action recharge1838 recharging1838 1838 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 128 266 If the globe were discharged, they would all return to their normal state, to be polarized again upon the recharging of the globe. 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xx. v. 125 Such charging and recharging, pulsing and repulsing, has there been. 1893 J. T. Niblett Portative Electr. iii. 187 Nearly all cases of failure of secondary batteries are due to lack of sufficient knowledge on the part of the user for properly conducting the operation of recharging. 1926 C. Connolly Let. 8 June in Romantic Friendship (1975) 139 I need recharging. I expect we both do. 1942 E. Partridge Usage & Abusage 170/2 The invention of either new words or new senses (i.e., the re-charging of old words). 2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 Nov. e8/1 Chips choreograph the power flow during recharging, allowing current to pour in rapidly when the batteries are drained. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1543v.1432
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