rebeladj.n.¹

Brit.

/ˈrɛbl/, U.S.

/ˈrɛb(ə)l/

Forms:

α. Middle English rebbel, Middle English reble, Middle English rebul, Middle English rebyll, Middle English–1600s rebele, Middle English–1600s rebell, Middle English–1600s rebelle, Middle English– rebel, 1500s–1600s rebbell, 1800s– ribel (U.S. regional); Scottish pre-1700 reabelle, pre-1700 rebele, pre-1700 rebell, pre-1700 rebelle, pre-1700 riball, pre-1700 ribell, pre-1700 1700s– rebel, 1700s reibell; also Irish English 1800s ribel, 1800s rubble (northern).

β. late Middle English rabell, late Middle English rable; Scottish pre-1700 rabel, pre-1700 rabell, pre-1700 rabill.

γ. Scottish pre-1700 rebald, pre-1700 rybald.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French rebelle; Latin rebellis.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rebele, rebell, Anglo-Norman and Middle French rebel, rebelle (French rebelle ) (adjective) refusing obedience to an established authority (c1175 in Old French), refusing to submit (c1223), characterized by rebelliousness (a1321 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), contrary, unpleasant, disagreeable (late 14th cent.), (of a disease or condition) resistant to treatment (1537 in the passage translated in quot. ?1541 at sense A. 2d), (noun) person who or thing which refuses obedience to an established authority (a1178), and its etymon classical Latin rebellis (adjective) engaged in revolt, rebellious, characterized by rebelliousness, (noun) rebel < rebellāre rebel v. + -is, suffix forming adjectives. Compare Old Occitan rebel, adjective (second half of the 13th cent.; also as rebelle (late 13th cent.)), Catalan rebel, adjective and noun (late 13th cent.; also as rebelle (late 13th cent.)), Spanish rebelde, adjective and noun (1260; earlier as rebelle (c1196), rebel (c1200)), Portuguese rebelde, adjective and noun (perhaps 13th cent.), Italian ribelle (a1294 as adjective, a1313 as rubello as adjective).In γ. forms the second syllable is perhaps influenced by ribald n., ribald adj., although compare also Spanish rebelde, Portuguese rebelde.

A. adj. Formerly common in predicative use, frequently with against or to; now only attributive, and sometimes capable of being taken as an attributive use of the noun.

a. Refusing obedience or allegiance to, or fighting against, the established government or ruler; seditious, insurrectionary.

†(a) In predicative use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [adjective] > insurgent

rebelc1325

uprisena1400

revolting1566

revolted1578

fallen-offa1616

insurgent1814

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1625 (MED) He..made hom sone milde ynou, þo hii were rebel.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 41 He slowȝ Morgan, þat was rebel [?a1475 anon. tr. rebellous; L. rebellantem] aȝenst hem.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 169 All þat were rebel ageyn him he prisoned or killid.

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 108 (MED) Þe hertys of þi subgitz sall be rebell to þy gouernaill.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxii. f. cxliii Whyle kyng Willm was thus occupyed in Normandy, the Northumbers waxte sterne & Rebell.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxviii^v And where as the duke of Geldre is subiect to the Emperor, is he not yet at this day..rebell?

a1595 W. Cullen Chron. Aberdeen in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1842) II. 41 The towyne of Aberden puitt for thair compone thre thowsand markis of monne for rasetting of Adem Gordone, beyng rabell to the kyngis grace.

(b) In attributive use.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xli. 12 Thi rebel men [L. viros rebelles tuos] thei shul ben, as thoȝ thei ben not.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) 1 Esdras iv. 15 That cite is a rebel cite [L. urbs rebellis], and noȝende to kingus.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. iii. 20 Thei cummen to us in rebelle [L. contumaci] multitude, and prid.

1447 Rolls of Parl. V. 139/1 The said Walshmen dayly manacen the seid true Liges Englesh, for the slaghter and distruction of thair aunceters rebellez.

c1515 A. Williamson in G. Douglas Poet. Wks. (1874) I. p. xxi The rebell lordis off Scotland.

1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes 919 This lawe made some of them be hanged at Durham not long ago, as all such lawlesse and rebell Priests deserue.

1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale xi. 40 His ffather now heere sendes to her her conquerd rebell sonn, bound prisoner.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 484 The Rebel King Doubl'd that sin in Bethel and in Dan.

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxiv. 612 Now by the sword and now the jav'lin fall The rebel-race.

1781 W. Robertson in Transl. & Paraphr. Sacred Script. (Gen. Assembly Church of Scotl.) xxv. v. 3 So, slighted by a rebel race the heavenly Saviour rose.

1814 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II (ed. 7) ii. lxxvii. 107 Wuhab's rebel brood who dared divest The prophet's tomb of all its pious spoil.

1861 J. R. Lowell Pickens-and-Stealin's Rebell. in Prose Wks. (1890) V. 82 To acknowledge the independence of the Rebel States.

1900 Westm. Gaz. 14 Sept. 2/2 I‘A troop of American cavalry surprised 300 Imperialists at Shaho...’ This is from Pekin—clearly Imperialist is to be the way of distinguishing the Chinese Imperial troops from rebel Boxers.

1944 H. Fast Freedom Road 167 It was not essentially a problem of reconstruction, not even a problem of readmission of the rebel states into the Union.

1963 Times 11 May 11/5 Dubbed the Rebel City for espousing the cause of Perkin Warbeck in 1492, Cork has always maintained a fighting reputation.

1994 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 10 July a2/4 A rebel fighter pulled up in a pickup truck.

2008 Church Times 4 Jan. 10/3 The Archbishop of Uganda, the Most Revd Henry Orombi, urged the Acholi in August last year to forgive the rebel soldiers for the crimes committed against them.

b. Of, consisting of, or in command of rebels.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [adjective] > of or belonging to insurgents

rebel1647

1647 T. S. Children Beliall 11 That Army Royall was to joyne Battell against Absolon the Generall of the Rebels, and his Rebell-Armie.

1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise ii. ii. 20 He was the Author of the Rebel League.

1746 Liberty 5 The Rebel Ranks are forc'd to yield, And routed Squadrons quit the Field.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. vi. 119 The rebel ranks were broken.

1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 50 Now shall..British skill..Thunder-strike rebel victory.

1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 27 If the rebel fleet Had anchor'd in the port.

1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan III. 138 The seamen, having the same fear of the rebel chief..stuck to the shipping.

1861 O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 24 The rebel camps are within two miles of us.

1937 Granta 3 Feb. 219/1 Seeing the contrast between the military efficiency of the rebel army and the unpreparedness of the people for war.

1980 Times 3 Jan. 1/7 The sources said..that the Russians were using sophisticated M124 helicopter gunships against rebel strongholds.

2002 Jrnl. Confl. Resol. 46 111 Civil war is fought between two political organizations, the state and a rebel group.

a. Disobedient to a higher authority; resisting or opposing authority or control; reacting against conventions, nonconformist.

†(a) In predicative use. Also with of, and with infinitive as complement. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [adjective]

wilda1300

rebel1340

rebellious?c1450

rebellant?a1475

mutinous1564

mutine1584

Whiggish1699

rebelly1705

yoof1986

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 69 To þe rede of oure lhorde ofte hi byeþ rebel.

1348 in C. Welch Hist. Pewterers of London (1902) I. 3 (MED) If any be rebel ayenst the wardeins or assaiours, þan the defaute and the name of the trespassour rebelle to be sente to the maire.

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 95 Qwo-so be rebele of his tonge aȝein þe aldirman.

c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 227 Thow..art rebel to god and art his fo.

c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Legend St. Austin (Harl. 2255) l. 288 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 202 (MED) He..Deyed accursyd, rebel to paye his dymes.

?a1475 (a1396) W. Hilton Scale of Perfection (Harl. 6579) i. lxvii. f. 45 (MED) We schullen refusen and reprouen here dedis..as longe as þe arn rebell to god and holi kirke.

1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) x. v. sig. ziiij^v/2 Yf he be ouer proude & to rebell to his mayster.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxxix. 307 He was rude and rebell agaynst the commaundementes of holy churche.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 83 The third best absent is condemn'd, Convict by flight, and Rebel to all Law.

(b) In attributive use.

ΚΠ

1380 Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 713 Rebel men..ben vnbuxum to cryst and his chyrche.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. xxi. 18 If a man gete a rebel sone, and a fraward.

1685 J. Dryden Misc. ii. 454 Sinai..where was receiv'd the Law, That ought to keep the Rebel World in aw.

1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 20 A Rebel Universe!..Not One exempt!

1765 C. Smart tr. Psalms David 44 Each rebel Jew the church rejoins, And every prince from Abraham's loins Again his fruit shall yield.

1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 17 To speak in thunder to the rebel world.

1851 Universalist Q. Oct. 336 God's love may lead him to punish his rebel children here for a brief period.

1931 Ann. Reg. 1930 ii. 49 The Prime Minister's speech, as was to be expected, was considered unsatisfactory by the ‘rebel’ group in the Labour Party.

1976 Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 18 Nov. 17/5 Action would now be concentrated on Albert Johnson quay where most of the rebel dockers worked.

2002 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 362/2 I thought I was a badass, mother-fucking, rebel, outside-of-it-all person.

b. In extended use (frequently of the heart, spirit, will, etc.): resistant; ungovernable; stubborn.

†(a) In predicative use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] > resisting

rebel1340

resisting?a1425

repugnantc1443

rebela1450

resistentc1450

obstant1486

resistanta1513

reluctant1604

renitent1604

resistive1605

resistful1614

outstandingc1650

withstanding1711

unamenable1771

recalcitrating1870

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 68 (MED) Wyþstondynge is a zenne þet comþ of þe herte þet is rebel and hard and rebours.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §192 Right as reson is rebel to god, right so is..Sensualitee rebel to reson.

a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 7 (MED) Paule þe apostle wrytiþ þat þe flesch is rebel a ȝens his lord þe spirit.

c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 13843 (MED) God vnto hym con tell of Niniue, þat day and nyȝt vnto his resons ware rebell.

a1500 tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy (Cambr.) 656 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 104 (MED) Resoun, councell, wysdam..Bene vndur love arestyd..þai be not rebell, bot still as stone.

(b) In attributive use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] > resisting

rebel1340

resisting?a1425

repugnantc1443

rebela1450

resistentc1450

obstant1486

resistanta1513

reluctant1604

renitent1604

resistive1605

resistful1614

outstandingc1650

withstanding1711

unamenable1771

recalcitrating1870

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 608 (MED) Thogh men sowen seed Of vertu in a yong man, it is deed As blyue; his rebel goost it mortifieþ.

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. E4 From a pure heart commaund thy rebell will.

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt. vi. 16) [It] subdues rebell-flesh, which with fullnesse of bread will wax wanton.

1683 Unsatisfied Lovers 48 I still advise you to rally your scatter'd Troops of conquer'd Reason, and once more try if you can overcome this Rebel Passion.

1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane iv. i. 1752 All my Rebel-blood assists the Fair.

1854 Southern Literary Messenger Jan. 8/1 The child..Must win the mastery of her rebel heart.

1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche v. xv. 58 She set the lamp beneath a chair, and cloked..its rebel lustre from the eye.

1959 P. Wayne tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust: Part Two iii. 205 I..Kiss her rebel mouth, that so She my will and strength may know.

2007 Contra Costa (Calif.) Times (Nexis) 25 Feb. f4 We don't need ‘just say no’ to be drilled in our minds because it makes a rebel mind evermore rebellious.

†c. Of an animal: wayward, wild, uncontrollable. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adjective] > uncontrollable or ungovernable

steerlessc888

rebelc1400

untemperable?1571

effrenated1587

incontrollable1605

unrepressable1607

commandless1609

unmasterable1618

masterless1619

effrenable1621

uncontrollable1648

unrulable1672

ungovernable1673

governless1679

unrepressible1776

incoercible1804

irrepressible1811

bronco1866

intemperable1898

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 455 (MED) Þe raven..rebel watz ever.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. 776 (MED) Oxon may now be tamed..And yf they be rebel, so let hem stonde ffastyng oon day and nyght in yokis bonde.

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 104 (MED) Man ys hardy as a lyon..rebell as a rambe [L. rebellus vt paruus rex].

†d. Of a disease or condition: resistant to treatment; = rebellious adj. 3. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > resistant to treatment

contumace?1541

contumaced?1541

rebel?1541

wayward?1541

rebellious1565

pertinacious1578

contumacious1605

surly1609

refractory1634

sturdy1643

irreducible1836

?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Div, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens The curacyon of vlceres, nat inueterate, but contumaced and rebell [Fr. rebelles].

e. Sport. Of a tour or fixture: held in defiance of an international sporting boycott of a country (in quots. with reference to South Africa during the apartheid era; now historical); (of a sportsperson) participating in such a tour or fixture.

ΚΠ

1982 Christian Sci. Monitor 16 July 14/2 A similar rebel tour of cricketers earlier this year also succeeded because of large sums of money paid to the players.

1990 City Press (Johannesburg) 17 June 13 John Robbie..is a former rugby player who toured this country with the ‘rebel’ British Lions in 1980 before he decided to settle in South Africa after losing his job because of the tour.

1994 I. Botham My Autobiogr. viii. 156 The news broke and the initial squad for the rebel tour was released.

2007 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 14 Apr. 109 The rebel tourists were immediately banned for life and..their careers were all but gone.

3. Of words, an action, etc.: characterized by rebelliousness; characteristic of a rebel or rebels.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [adjective] > of words, actions, or things

rebelc1430

rebellious1491

mutinousa1616

c1430 (c1393) G. Chaucer Scogan (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 23 Þow drow in scorn cupid ek to record Of þe ilke rebel word þat þou hast spoken.

a1649 R. Crashaw Carmen Deo Nostro (1652) sig. aiiij^v Come once the conquering way; not to confute But kill this rebell-word, Irresolute That so, in spite of all this peeuish strength Of weaknes, she may write Resolv'd at Length.

1700 W. Congreve Way of World v. i. 79 Must I live to be confiscated at this Rebel-rate?

1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xv. 250 Desists at length his Rebel-war to wage.

1755 H. Walpole Corr. (1837) I. 296 However rebel this may sound at your Court my Gothic spirit is hurt.

1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 27 Unaccustom'd to rebel commotion.

1860 A. M. Goodrich Leonore xxvi. 273 Her task was to wrestle with the rebel thoughts that remained in her own bosom.

1906 A. Dudeney Battle of Weak viii. 126 The color, and the wildness, and the rebel speech of the child..had been an offense to him.

2003 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 13 Apr. 8 Mooching around in rebel postures.

B. n.¹

a. A person who or thing which resists authority or control.esp. in early use with reference to a person who resists divine or spiritual authority.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [noun] > one who rebels

rebel1340

rebeller1398

revolter1576

revolt1585

rebellant1586

Whig1683

révolté1792

kicker1888

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 69 (MED) Hy byeþ rebels to þe heste of oure lhorde, to huam hi byeþ yhyealde.

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) lxxi. 2 (MED) Ha God, ȝyf þo þy iugement to þe kyng..To iuge þe folk in riȝtfulnes and þe rebels [Fr. rebelles; L. glossing rebelles; L. pauperes] to þe [in] iugement..He shal iugen þe rebels of þe folk, and shal make sauf þe gode childer of þe rebels [L. filios pauperum].

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Coloss. i. 29 (MED) I trauayle in striuande agynus þe rebelys.

a1450 (c1400) in D. M. Grisdale 3 Middle Eng. Serm. (1939) 6 (MED) These ben preui statutis, þe rithful lawis of God, maad for hem þat be misdoers & rebellis a-ȝens his real power.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope xxi. f. cxvij The euylle, cursyd & rebelles, whiche doo no thynge but playe with dees and cardes.

a1525 Contempl. Synnaris l. 499, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 205 The mynd of synnaris Is figurit to þe hell..Till God and ressoun ryngand as rebell.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 104 God,..Ceis not to send thy Sanctis sune support,..For thay Rebellis with rage do resort.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. x. 13 That Life, a very Rebell to my will, May hang no longer on me.

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xi. 103 'Tis Imagination is the Rebel; Reason contradicts its impious suggestions.

1738 J. Wesley Dryden's ‘Creator Spirit, by whose Aid’ iv Create all new, our Wills controul; Subdue the Rebel in our Soul.

1796 R. Bage Hermsprong III. viii. 65 Miss Fluart would prove a jilt, and Miss Campinet a rebel to paternal authority.

1823 Ld. Byron Werner iv. i. 140 You are not jealous Of me, I trust, my pretty Rebel!

1888 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. 2nd Ser. 212 The brilliant and attaching rebel who in thinking for himself had of old our sympathy so passionately with him.

1955 N.Y. Times 27 Oct. 28/2 Mr. Dean..is a mixed-up rebel because his father lacks decisiveness and strength.

1988 G. Boddy Katherine Mansfield i. 9 Not always the rebel, she took part in at least some of the school's activities.

2006 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 3 Nov. 3 Keep in mind that many '80s rebels are now balding guys in T-shirts who rant about the same things.

b. rebel without a cause [after the title of the U.S. film Rebel without a Cause, about a rebellious teenager from a troubled home (played by James Dean) (see quot. 1955); the film's title (but not its plot) was taken from the book title in quot. 1944¹] : a person whose rebellious behaviour does not result from support for a particular cause; (originally and chiefly) a young person whose rebelliousness stems from feelings of frustration or insecurity.

ΚΠ

1944 R. M. Lindner (title) Rebel without a cause: the hypnoanalysis of a criminal psychopath.

1944 R. M. Lindner Rebel without Cause 2 Clinical experience with such individuals makes it appear that the psychopath is a rebel without a cause, an agitator without a slogan, a revolutionary without a program.

1955 N.Y. Times 27 Oct. 28/2 It is a violent, brutal and disturbing picture of modern teenagers that Warner Brothers presents in its new melodrama..‘Rebel Without a Cause’. Young people neglected by their parents or given no understanding and moral support by fathers and mothers who are themselves unable to achieve balance and security in their homes are the bristling heroes and heroines.]

1956 Chicago Tribune 8 Aug. ii. 3/1 Teen-agers' most common characteristic is not an itch to rock 'n' roll, an urge to be a rebel without a cause, a passing passion for Elvis Presley, a private slanguage... It's a feeling of inferiority.

1962 L. Reid Banks End to Running i. ii. 11 I should be able to do it for myself, but I can't. I never could. I'm not a rebel without a cause. I'm not even a rebel.

1980 S. Wilson Greatest Crime 216 The self-pity in thinking of myself as a righteous rebel without a cause, a devout man without a religion, disgusted me.

1997 Face Apr. 85/2 Romeo..is your first rebel without a cause, he is your first Byronesque character. He's in love with the idea of being in love, he's rebelling but he doesn't know why.

c. Sport. A player who participates in a rebel tour or fixture (cf. sense A. 2e). Frequently in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > other players

server1585

free agent1649

benchwarmer1662

puncher1681

sticker1779

hard hitter1790

hitter1813

go-devil1835

beneficiaire1841

colt1846

heavyweight1857

stayer1862

left-hander1864

attack1869

cap1879

international1882

roadman1886

big leaguer1887

homester1887

sand lotter1887

badger1890

internationalist1892

repeater1893

anchorman1895

grandstander1896

stylist1897

homebrew1903

letterman1905

toss-loser1906

fouler1908

rookie1908

mudder1912

sharpshooter1912

pro-amateur1919

receiver1919

southpaw1925

freestyler1927

hotshot1927

active1931

all-timer1936

iceman1936

wild card1940

scrambler1954

rounder1955

franchise1957

call-up1960

trialist1960

non-import1964

sandbagger1965

rebel1982

wide-body1986

1982 Times 16 July 20 Wolverhampton Wanderers..have been left in a quandary by the South African tour organizers. Every Wolves player had been put on the transfer list and several have been asked to join the rebels.

1989 Weekly Mail (Johannesburg) 1 Sept. 36 Rumours of rebels and rands, opposition at home—none of the storms..have cast a single cloud over the Doc.

1994 I. Botham My Autobiogr. viii. 150 The ‘rebels’ certainly could not claim that they had not been forewarned of the consequences.

2004 J. Gemmell Politics S. Afr. Cricket 173 The players were banned from international cricket for life, and there was general disappointment in some quarters that the rebels were eventually granted an amnesty.

a. A person who refuses allegiance or obedience to, or who fights against, an established government or ruler.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > insurgent

inriser1382

rebeller1398

riser1422

rebelc1425

rebelliona1460

rioter1543

revolter1576

outbreakerc1650

upriser1656

surgent1657

insurrector1667

insurrectionera1734

insurgent1766

insurrectionist1845

reb1861

insurrectionary1893

insurrecto1907

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) 877/45 (MED) Þou..of rebelles be manly violence Abate canst þe grete cruelte.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 129 (MED) Such an enterprise is the more ffeseable when such a rebell hath more riches than his souerayne lorde.

a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 251 (MED) Þe prelatis of holy chirche..mon nout chastisen þeuys, manqwelleris, lechouris, rebellys, & ryseris.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1466 He [sc. Priam] was faryn to fight in a fer londe, To riche hym of Rebelles þat of þe rewme held.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lvi The rebelles had incamped them on a Hill.

1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 111 We finde the degenerat and disobedient English, called Rebelles; but the Irish which were not in the Kings peace, are called Enemies.

a1686 J. Turner Mem. (1829) 284 The barbarous rebells are cnocking doune thos who serve the king in every corner.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 175 I could..give Liberty, and take it away, and no Rebels among all my Subjects.

1778 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) I. 158 I know that for such sentiments I am called a rebel.

1800 Times 7 Feb. 3/2 The inhabitants of the country, tired out by the calamities of war, are arming themselves in several communes, in order to take the field against the recreant rebels.

1884 Daily News 27 Feb. 5/6 One could distinguish the hoo-hoo-oo, the strange war-cry of the [Sudanese] rebels.

1902 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. (1904) 32 I shot my Bible full of bullets after Bloemfontein went... Take it and pray over it before we Federals help the British knock hell out of you rebels.

1966 BBC Handbk. 1966 97 Stanleyville radio was in the hands of the rebels in the Congo (Leopoldville) Republic.

2000 Guardian (Nexis) 29 May 13 The 24-year-old mother of two bled to death after Revolutionary United Front rebels hacked her legs off and discarded them in the bush as a punishment for resisting rape.

†b. Rebels collectively. Cf. enemy n.¹ 3a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [noun] > one who rebels > collectively

rebelc1600

mutinousa1627

revolteda1645

yoof1986

c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 33 The small losse we susteyned in this place was multiplied upon the rebell by our quarter and skoutmasters.

c. A person who supported or fought for the American cause during the War of Independence (1775–83). Cf. patriot n. 1c. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > supporter of American cause

rebel1775

Whig1775

blue skin1777

revolutioner1794

1775 Massachusetts Spy 3 May 3/1 The commanding officer accosted the militia in words to this effect, ‘Disperse you damn'd rebels!’

1777 Ann. Reg. 1776 181* Gen. Clinton, with two brigades of British..were sent to make an attempt upon Rhode Island... The rebels having abandoned the island at their approach, they took possession of it without the loss of a man.

1832 W. Dunlap Hist. Amer. Theatre 47 The audience supposing his words, ‘The rebels have attacked the lines on the Neck,’ belonged to the farce, applauded the very natural acting of the man.

1847 Knickerbocker 29 54 Mrs. Mowatt is..a great granddaughter of one of those old ‘rebels’ who signed the Declaration of Independence.

1900 A. M. Earle Stage-coach & Tavern Days viii. 179 The British commander..stirred his glass of brandy with his bloody finger, saying he would thus stir the rebel's blood before night.

1990 W. J. Wood Battles of Revol. War iii. 79 An early-morning attack could turn the rebel right flank with their backs to the Delaware.

d. Chiefly U.S. A supporter of the Confederate cause during the American Civil War (1861–5), esp. a member of the Confederate States Army (now historical). Hence in extended use: (colloquial) = southerner n. a, esp. a white inhabitant of the southern United States.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > parts of

New Englander1637

bayman1641

New English1647

Novangle1650

Novanglian1752

Yankee1765

cracker1766

Yank?1778

bushwhacker1809

tuckahoe1816

southerner1817

Yengees1819

muskrat1823

blue belly1827

half horse and half alligator1828

Southron1828

northerner1831

westerner1835

Northman1836

Easterner1838

Far-Wester1843

southwesterner1845

western1846

sand-hiller1848

Vineyarder1851

mountain boomer1859

Far Westerner1862

blue-nosed Yankee1866

Appalachian1888

sloper1892

Ozarkian1893

rebel1895

reb1897

Middle Westerner1899

hillbilly1900

Midwesterner1916

Ozarker1920

Geechee1926

Middle American1944

upstater1944

Mid-American1959

society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > Confederate cause > support for > supporter

butternut1810

fire-eater1851

secessionist1860

confederate1861

rebel1895

reb1897

1860 H. J. Raymond Let. 29 Nov. in Disunion & Slavery (1861) 10 I am asked to put myself in the position of a rebel, of a traitor.

1861 M. S. McLean Diary Jan. in Harper's Mag. (1914) Jan. 284/2 The question being settled, it now behooves me (taking future contingencies into consideration) to cultivate rebel proclivities.]

1861 E. Cowell Diary 15 Apr. in Cowells in Amer. (1934) 290 [The] proceeding caused the necessary diversion of ‘the rebels'’ course.

1864 J. R. Lowell McClellan's Rep. in Prose Wks. (1890) V. 107 General McClellan, by the admission of the Rebels themselves, had Richmond at his mercy.

1895 W. H. Chambliss Diary 305 The malignant epithets, ‘Yankee’ and ‘Rebels’,..were invented by fanatics and foreigners to aggravate our interstate quarrel.

1905 A. H. Rice Sandy 123 ‘Was he a rebel?’.. ‘He was a Confederate, sir! I never knew a rebel.’

1929 Amer. Speech 4 344 Rebel, a Southerner.

1959 W. Peters Southern Temper xiii. 211 [The] publisher of the Augusta Courier..exudes pleasantness and good will, even when his caller is a Northern newspaperman or writer. ‘Well,’ he said to one such not long ago, ‘I guess you've come down here to give us rebels hell.’

2000 News & Rec. (Greensboro, N. Carolina) (Nexis) 7 June c1 The bent reasoning you heard from good ol' boys who said he was just a rebel being persecuted by Yankees.

3. Law. A person who refuses to obey a legal command or summons; (Scots Law) a debtor who disobeys a charge on letters of horning (cf. horning n. 4). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > disobedience to or contempt of court > one who

rebelc1430

contemner1541

contemnor1569

c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 340/2 The rebelles [L. rebelles] and perturbers within the burgh.

1538 in D. H. Fleming Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1921) II. 416/1 The said Schir Johnne declarit barratour, and denuncit rebell and at the horne for breking of the Actis of Parliament.

1592 Sc. Act 12 Jas. VI (1597) §129. 119 Quhen-ever onie persones, that hes fund sovertie to vnderly the Law, compeiris not at the day appoynted, and their-throw are decerned to be denunced rebelles, as fugitiues fra the law.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Hhh4/1, at Rebellion Rebell is sometime attributed to him that wilfully breaketh a lawe..sometime to a villein disobeying his Lord.

1666–88 G. Dallas Syst. Stiles (1697) 289 Being..orderly denunced Rebel and put to the Horn, by vertue of Letters of Horning raised, used and execute against him.

1752 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. II. iii. iii. 260 It was for his not surrendering his person, (in default of payment) which was in his power, that he was pronounced rebel.

a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. ii. v. §56 If the debtor obey not the will of the letters within the days mentioned in them, the messenger may immediately after publish the diligence by denouncing the debtor rebel.

1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 819 A debtor who disobeys a charge on letters of horning, to pay or perform in terms of his obligation, is accounted in law a rebel.

2000 A. Smith in K. Reid & R. Zimmermann Hist. Private Law Scotl. II. viii. 199 The messenger-at-arms..blew three blasts on his horn, declared the debtor a rebel, and fixed a copy of the documents to the market-cross.

Compounds

rebel-hearted adj.

ΚΠ

1764 J. Mayhew Remarks Anonymous Tract 74 At such times, cruel, blood-thirsty and rebel-hearted roman-catholics, had hardly any opposition made to them.

1926 C. Day Lewis in Oxf. Poetry 19 What sense Have they the pioneer-minded, the rebel-hearted, If man's fulfilment rest on no ‘perhaps’ Outside him?

2006 Time Out (Nexis) 23 Aug. 75 This latest release from the excellent Masters of Cinema label is a shamefully neglected, rebel-hearted, post-'68 countercultural movie from Toshio Matsumoto.

rebel-held adj.

ΚΠ

1907 Times 16 Oct. 16/2 He received on the 12th 15 more pieces of heavy ordnance, which were directed on the Kaisarbagh and later on the Residency and other rebel-held positions about the bridges.

1966 BBC Handbk. 1966 98 The Service's East African Unit..became..the only source of news from rebel-held territory [in the Congo Republic].

2001 Navy News Sept. 4/2 Many thousand ex-combatants disarmed, allowing the newly British-trained Sierra Leone Army (SLA) to re-occupy large parts of previously rebel-held territory without a shot being fired.

† rebel-high adv. Obsolete rare.

ΚΠ

1719 E. Young Brothers iii, in Wks. (1757) II. 240 Demetrius borrows those [wings], To mount full rebel-high.

Derivatives

ˈrebel-like adv. and adj.

ΚΠ

1589 A. Dowriche French Hist. f. 17 So Zedekiah proud from sinne would not returne: But Rebel-like, the word of God he did with fire burne.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xvii. 15 It seemed she was a queene ouer her passion, Who most rebell-like, sought to be King ore her.

1734 J. Adams Misc. Poems 62 God protects that the imperious Flood Should ne're get loose as long as Nature stood, Nor, Rebel like, usurp o're Eart again.

1855 A. Cary Poems 336 Gathering all My sorrows to one purpose, rebel like, I would step out into the dark.

2003 M. Utas Sweet Battlefields (Ph.D. diss., Uppsala Univ.) vi. 229 Elements within the civil service..continue to loot private and state property in rebel-like fashion.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rebelv.

Brit.

/rᵻˈbɛl/, U.S.

/rəˈbɛl/

Forms:

α. Middle English–1500s rebelle, Middle English–1700s rebell, Middle English– rebel; Scottish pre-1700 rebbell, pre-1700 rebell, pre-1700 1700s– rebel.

β. Scottish pre-1700 rabell.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French rebeller; Latin rebellāre.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French rebeller (French rebeller ) to rise up, to revolt (1180 in Anglo-Norman; now only in reflexive use) and its etymon classical Latin rebellāre to rise up against, to revolt < re- re- prefix + bellāre to fight, make war < bellum war (see duel n.). Compare Old Occitan rebellar (14th cent.), Catalan rebellarse (13th cent.), Spanish rebelarse (a1250), Portuguese rebelar (13th cent.), Italian ribellare (14th cent.).In quot. 1340 at sense 1a apparently arising from a misinterpretation of Middle French rebeer to covet, in the passage translated.

1. intransitive. Frequently with against; formerly also with †from, †to.

a. To resist, oppose, or be disobedient to, a higher authority.In quot. 1656 transitive with it.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > rebel [verb (intransitive)]

rebel1340

revolt1562

uparise1649

revolute1868

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 28 Þo rebeleþ [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues hopeþ; Fr. rebee] þe enuyous uor to ssende and to destrue.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. xxvi. 9 Aȝens þe lord þei rebelledyn [v.r. rebelden; a1425 L.V. rebelliden; L. rebellaverunt], & þe erþe openynge his mouþ deuourede chore.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 341 (MED) Þogh a creature..feele not a-ryght, Schal he rebelle ageyn his lordes myght, Which þat þis wyde world haþ made of noght?

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Eiiii^v Rebellyng agaynst their prelates & curates.

?1566 W. P. tr. C. S. Curio Pasquine in Traunce 50 b Howe wilt thou that they should be honest, if in their cursed othe, they rebel from Christe.

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. §69. 309 To take vengeance of such as obstinately rebell against his will.

1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 68 Yet it kill'd Achan, and infinite Innocents enough..to have rebell'd it.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 179 This is servitude, To serve th' unwise, or him who hath rebelld Against his worthier.

1700 A. Boyer Achilles v. i. 41 What! Sir, rebel against my Father! And so deserve that Death you bid me shun!

1778 L. Carter Diary 15 Aug. (1965) II. 1145 Thus does the hypocritical She devil..who first made..all the male race rebel against God's commands.

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna iv. xx. 85 They..bend beneath the spell Of that young maiden's speech, and to their chiefs rebel.

1853 C. Brontë Villette I. viii. 149 ‘I have heard how they rebelled against and persecuted Miss Turner’—a poor, friendless English teacher, whom madame had employed, and lightly discarded.

1874 E. Eggleston Circuit Rider x. 95 If Morton loved her she would marry him in the face of her father's displeasure. She had never rebelled against the iron rule, but she felt herself full of power and..endurance.

1942 Calif. Folklore Q. 1 346 I knew how miserable he was, locked up in his room, rebelling against his mother, as he had always done in the past.

1954 Eng. Jrnl. 43 236/2 In the process of striving for status as an individual, the young person must rebel actively against parent, teacher, and other adults of authority over his life.

1994 Boston Globe 16 Oct. (Mag.) 37/2 He doesn't say this in the flip, in-your-face manner of a kid rebelling against his parents.

b. To rise in opposition or armed resistance against an established ruler or government; to take part in a rebellion.In quot. c1485 apparently transitive and reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > take up attitude of opposition to

turnc1330

rebela1382

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > rise in revolt [verb (intransitive)]

arisec825

onriseOE

rise?a1160

stirc1275

inrisea1300

upstanda1300

again-risea1382

rebela1382

raisea1400

insurge1532

to fall offa1535

revolt1548

to rise in arms1563

tumult1570

tumultuatea1734

insurrect1821

insurrectionize1841

to break into rebellion1876

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > rise in revolt [verb (reflexive)]

rebela1382

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xxiv. 1 In hise daies steȝede vp Nabugodonosor, kyng of babiloyne, & Joachym..rebellede [L. rebellavit] aȝens hym.

?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 82 (MED) Þe peple..rebelledyn to hym and toke hem anoþer kyng.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. 800 (MED) Caransynvs..rebellid in Breteyne Ageyn the Romeyns.

c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 194 (MED) For he þat is noȝt vertuus and wyse, men be redy to rebel a-yens hym.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 117 Quhen euer a baroun risis to mak were on his king, or rebell him jn ony thing to cum agaynis him, he fallis jn the crime of lese mageste.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 649 He duelt furth in-to the land, Thame that rebelland war warrand.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cii. 122 The kyng ordayned therle of Salisbury..into the northe parties,..for the Scottes had rebelled agayne to hym.

1562 P. Whitehorne Certain Waies Orderyng Souldiers f. 35^v, in tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre The same toune being rebelled from the frenchemen,..the Uenetians..had laid all the strete full of Artillerie.

1642 W. Ball Caveat for Subjects 14 The Polish Peasants may rebell against the King and their Lords, for that they hold them in villinage.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxviii. 240 They rebelled, and would have a mortall man for their King.

1718 Free-thinker No. 56. 2 It is astonishing..the People should ever Rebel for Slavery.

1767 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxv. 46 You would not be the first prince..against whom they have rebelled.

1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose ix. 124 Returning to the natural government of the Prince against whom they have rebelled.

1863 W. Phillips Speeches xix. 446 The government..deserves to be rebelled against.

1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Sunset Song 16 The Cateran who dared rebel against the fine English king might find no provision for his army of coarse and landless men.

1994 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Feb. 118/3 Haiti has always been a throwaway nation, ever since its uppity slaves rebelled against the mighty Napoleon Bonaparte some 200 years ago.

c. figurative. To offer resistance; to exhibit opposition; to feel or show repugnance.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > dislike > disgust > excite repugnance in [verb (transitive)] > feel repugnance towards

rebelc1405

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant/Franklin Link (Hengwrt) (2003) 27 I wol nat rebelle [A]gayn youre wyl.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §191 Sensualitee rebelleth thanne agayns reson and by that wey leseth reson the lordshipe ouer Sensualitee.

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 222 (MED) Somme..chastisen her body with riȝt greet penaunce and þe cause is þat her sensualyte schulde not rebelle aȝeins resoun.

a1500 ( Vision E. Leversedge in Notes & Queries Somerset & Dorset (1905) 9 32 (MED) Wat tyme thou felist thy flesch rebell aȝenst thy saule, vse thou to fast bred and watur.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 120 Gude Lord I knaw my wickitnes, Contrair to thy command, Rebelland ay with cruelnes.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iv. 354 His grace saies that which his flesh rebels against.

1634 T. Heywood Maidenhead Lost iv, in Wks. (1874) IV. 151 My blood rebells against my reason.

1738 S. Johnson London 1 Tho' grief and fondness in my breast rebel, When injur'd Thales bids the town farewell.

1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 16 Thus Conscience pleads her cause..Though long rebelled against, not yet suppressed.

1830 M. W. Shelley Fortunes Perkin Warbeck III. xv. 217 The promised interview with his White Rose tempted him to delay; while an inner spirit rebelled even against this dear enticement, and bade him fly.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §2. 354 The temper of the whole people rebelled against so lawless a usurpation.

1908 E. F. Benson Climber 35 She had herself assisted in adding to the tediousness at which she so rebelled, by making the worst of it.

1959 E. S. Gardner Pass Gravy xv. 247 His stomach rebelled and he up-chucked.

1990 J. Sutherland Mrs Humphry Ward v. 47 His historian's conscience rebelled at biblical miracles.

2. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To rebel against (a person or thing); to oppose rebelliously. rare after 16th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > rebel against [verb (transitive)]

to kick against or ata1425

rebelc1485

revolt1548

to give (a person) the revolta1616

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 102 Quhy than suld thair subiectes rebell thame?

a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 357 (MED) But whan þei wiln rebellyn her souereyns & nout wiln stondyn to her ordinance..þat peple is..able sone to lesyn his lond.

a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 562 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 112 Quhen yai rebellit ye crovne & couth ye kyng deire.

a1550 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Wemyss) viii. l. 303 Quhen he [sc. King John] rebellit the pape of Rome.

c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 13 As sillie scheip dar not the volf rebell.

1908 A. S. M. Hutchinson Once aboard Lugger iv. ii. 219 To-day the empress sway of conventionality is rarely rebelled.

Derivatives

reˈbelled adj. (and n.) now rare.

ΚΠ

1628 tr. Disc. Resol. Valteline 85 Wee say, that that Prince, to whose protection the rebelled people of another Prince haue recourse, either hee hath right of some action ouer them,..or he hath no right of action whatsoeuer.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 737 I..shall soon, Armd with thy might, rid heav'n of these rebell'd .

1823 J. Browning tr. L. Pignotti Hist. Tuscany II. vi. 316 A league was entered into between Florence, Bologna, and the rebelled cities, and the Visconti.

1978 A. W. Short Continuity & Change (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Aberdeen) 469 in Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. (1981) 5 31 112 A patriotic stranger is better than a rebelled citizen.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	rebel
释义	† rebeln.² Forms: α. late Middle English rebel, late Middle English–1600s rebell. β. late Middle English rabell. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: rebel v.; Latin rebellum, rebellium, rebelliō. Etymology: Either < rebel v. (perhaps after rebel n.¹), or < post-classical Latin rebellum (in an undated glossary), rebellium (8th cent.; c1150, c1330 in British sources), variants of classical Latin rebelliō rebellion n.¹ Obsolete. Rebellion. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [noun] > rebellion against any authority rebeltyc1384 rebellionc1400 rebela1425 revoltment1550 revolturea1650 Whiggery1826 society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] arising1340 rebeltyc1384 rebellion1409 rebela1425 insurrection1459 commotion1471 mutationa1513 revolting1539 mutine1560 head1597 sollevation1605 sublevation1612 liftinga1662 insurgence1863 society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > an insurrection uparisingc1325 rebelliona1382 risingc1390 risec1400 surrectionc1418 rebela1425 upsetc1425 insurrection1459 mutinewe?c1550 revolt1553 tumult1560 emotion1562 sedition1585 uprising1587 innovation1601 esmeute1652 turgency1660 émeute1782 outbreak1826 uprisal1871 upsurge1930 a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 46 (MED) Giue vs sua obediens and mekenes at halde, and rebel at fle, þat we may cum til þe ioy þat ay sal be. 1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 104/1 Kyng Edward the first after the conquest, upon the rebell of Walssh men..made divers Ordenaunces..King Harry the iiiith..for the secunde rebell of the seid Walssh men..maden grete werre. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1054 Þar he fande bot fewe þat felly withstude, Na ridars in þa regions, ne rebell bot littill. a1500 (a1400) Speculum Christiani (Dublin 351) (1933) 90 (MED) Rebell [a1500 Greaves rebellys, a1500 Harl. 2250 rabell; 1425 Lansd. rebelnesce aȝens goddis lawe or his biddingis]. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 75 In my opinion it is a manifest rebell agaynst the holy Scriptures. 1618 W. Raleigh in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. (1880) 38 If I had resisted..the rebells and spoils which my companyes would have made. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). rebeladj.n.¹ Brit. /ˈrɛbl/, U.S. /ˈrɛb(ə)l/ Forms: α. Middle English rebbel, Middle English reble, Middle English rebul, Middle English rebyll, Middle English–1600s rebele, Middle English–1600s rebell, Middle English–1600s rebelle, Middle English– rebel, 1500s–1600s rebbell, 1800s– ribel (U.S. regional); Scottish pre-1700 reabelle, pre-1700 rebele, pre-1700 rebell, pre-1700 rebelle, pre-1700 riball, pre-1700 ribell, pre-1700 1700s– rebel, 1700s reibell; also Irish English 1800s ribel, 1800s rubble (northern). β. late Middle English rabell, late Middle English rable; Scottish pre-1700 rabel, pre-1700 rabell, pre-1700 rabill. γ. Scottish pre-1700 rebald, pre-1700 rybald. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French rebelle; Latin rebellis. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rebele, rebell, Anglo-Norman and Middle French rebel, rebelle (French rebelle ) (adjective) refusing obedience to an established authority (c1175 in Old French), refusing to submit (c1223), characterized by rebelliousness (a1321 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), contrary, unpleasant, disagreeable (late 14th cent.), (of a disease or condition) resistant to treatment (1537 in the passage translated in quot. ?1541 at sense A. 2d), (noun) person who or thing which refuses obedience to an established authority (a1178), and its etymon classical Latin rebellis (adjective) engaged in revolt, rebellious, characterized by rebelliousness, (noun) rebel < rebellāre rebel v. + -is, suffix forming adjectives. Compare Old Occitan rebel, adjective (second half of the 13th cent.; also as rebelle (late 13th cent.)), Catalan rebel, adjective and noun (late 13th cent.; also as rebelle (late 13th cent.)), Spanish rebelde, adjective and noun (1260; earlier as rebelle (c1196), rebel (c1200)), Portuguese rebelde, adjective and noun (perhaps 13th cent.), Italian ribelle (a1294 as adjective, a1313 as rubello as adjective).In γ. forms the second syllable is perhaps influenced by ribald n., ribald adj., although compare also Spanish rebelde, Portuguese rebelde. A. adj. Formerly common in predicative use, frequently with against or to; now only attributive, and sometimes capable of being taken as an attributive use of the noun. 1. a. Refusing obedience or allegiance to, or fighting against, the established government or ruler; seditious, insurrectionary. †(a) In predicative use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [adjective] > insurgent rebelc1325 uprisena1400 revolting1566 revolted1578 fallen-offa1616 insurgent1814 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1625 (MED) He..made hom sone milde ynou, þo hii were rebel. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 41 He slowȝ Morgan, þat was rebel [?a1475 anon. tr. rebellous; L. rebellantem] aȝenst hem. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 169 All þat were rebel ageyn him he prisoned or killid. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 108 (MED) Þe hertys of þi subgitz sall be rebell to þy gouernaill. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxii. f. cxliii Whyle kyng Willm was thus occupyed in Normandy, the Northumbers waxte sterne & Rebell. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxviii^v And where as the duke of Geldre is subiect to the Emperor, is he not yet at this day..rebell? a1595 W. Cullen Chron. Aberdeen in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1842) II. 41 The towyne of Aberden puitt for thair compone thre thowsand markis of monne for rasetting of Adem Gordone, beyng rabell to the kyngis grace. (b) In attributive use. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xli. 12 Thi rebel men [L. viros rebelles tuos] thei shul ben, as thoȝ thei ben not. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) 1 Esdras iv. 15 That cite is a rebel cite [L. urbs rebellis], and noȝende to kingus. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. iii. 20 Thei cummen to us in rebelle [L. contumaci] multitude, and prid. 1447 Rolls of Parl. V. 139/1 The said Walshmen dayly manacen the seid true Liges Englesh, for the slaghter and distruction of thair aunceters rebellez. c1515 A. Williamson in G. Douglas Poet. Wks. (1874) I. p. xxi The rebell lordis off Scotland. 1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes 919 This lawe made some of them be hanged at Durham not long ago, as all such lawlesse and rebell Priests deserue. 1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale xi. 40 His ffather now heere sendes to her her conquerd rebell sonn, bound prisoner. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 484 The Rebel King Doubl'd that sin in Bethel and in Dan. View more context for this quotation 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxiv. 612 Now by the sword and now the jav'lin fall The rebel-race. 1781 W. Robertson in Transl. & Paraphr. Sacred Script. (Gen. Assembly Church of Scotl.) xxv. v. 3 So, slighted by a rebel race the heavenly Saviour rose. 1814 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II (ed. 7) ii. lxxvii. 107 Wuhab's rebel brood who dared divest The prophet's tomb of all its pious spoil. 1861 J. R. Lowell Pickens-and-Stealin's Rebell. in Prose Wks. (1890) V. 82 To acknowledge the independence of the Rebel States. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 14 Sept. 2/2 I‘A troop of American cavalry surprised 300 Imperialists at Shaho...’ This is from Pekin—clearly Imperialist is to be the way of distinguishing the Chinese Imperial troops from rebel Boxers. 1944 H. Fast Freedom Road 167 It was not essentially a problem of reconstruction, not even a problem of readmission of the rebel states into the Union. 1963 Times 11 May 11/5 Dubbed the Rebel City for espousing the cause of Perkin Warbeck in 1492, Cork has always maintained a fighting reputation. 1994 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 10 July a2/4 A rebel fighter pulled up in a pickup truck. 2008 Church Times 4 Jan. 10/3 The Archbishop of Uganda, the Most Revd Henry Orombi, urged the Acholi in August last year to forgive the rebel soldiers for the crimes committed against them. b. Of, consisting of, or in command of rebels. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [adjective] > of or belonging to insurgents rebel1647 1647 T. S. Children Beliall 11 That Army Royall was to joyne Battell against Absolon the Generall of the Rebels, and his Rebell-Armie. 1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise ii. ii. 20 He was the Author of the Rebel League. 1746 Liberty 5 The Rebel Ranks are forc'd to yield, And routed Squadrons quit the Field. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. vi. 119 The rebel ranks were broken. 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 50 Now shall..British skill..Thunder-strike rebel victory. 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 27 If the rebel fleet Had anchor'd in the port. 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan III. 138 The seamen, having the same fear of the rebel chief..stuck to the shipping. 1861 O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 24 The rebel camps are within two miles of us. 1937 Granta 3 Feb. 219/1 Seeing the contrast between the military efficiency of the rebel army and the unpreparedness of the people for war. 1980 Times 3 Jan. 1/7 The sources said..that the Russians were using sophisticated M124 helicopter gunships against rebel strongholds. 2002 Jrnl. Confl. Resol. 46 111 Civil war is fought between two political organizations, the state and a rebel group. 2. a. Disobedient to a higher authority; resisting or opposing authority or control; reacting against conventions, nonconformist. †(a) In predicative use. Also with of, and with infinitive as complement. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [adjective] wilda1300 rebel1340 rebellious?c1450 rebellant?a1475 mutinous1564 mutine1584 Whiggish1699 rebelly1705 yoof1986 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 69 To þe rede of oure lhorde ofte hi byeþ rebel. 1348 in C. Welch Hist. Pewterers of London (1902) I. 3 (MED) If any be rebel ayenst the wardeins or assaiours, þan the defaute and the name of the trespassour rebelle to be sente to the maire. 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 95 Qwo-so be rebele of his tonge aȝein þe aldirman. c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 227 Thow..art rebel to god and art his fo. c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Legend St. Austin (Harl. 2255) l. 288 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 202 (MED) He..Deyed accursyd, rebel to paye his dymes. ?a1475 (a1396) W. Hilton Scale of Perfection (Harl. 6579) i. lxvii. f. 45 (MED) We schullen refusen and reprouen here dedis..as longe as þe arn rebell to god and holi kirke. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) x. v. sig. ziiij^v/2 Yf he be ouer proude & to rebell to his mayster. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxxix. 307 He was rude and rebell agaynst the commaundementes of holy churche. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 83 The third best absent is condemn'd, Convict by flight, and Rebel to all Law. View more context for this quotation (b) In attributive use. ΚΠ 1380 Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 713 Rebel men..ben vnbuxum to cryst and his chyrche. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. xxi. 18 If a man gete a rebel sone, and a fraward. 1685 J. Dryden Misc. ii. 454 Sinai..where was receiv'd the Law, That ought to keep the Rebel World in aw. 1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 20 A Rebel Universe!..Not One exempt! 1765 C. Smart tr. Psalms David 44 Each rebel Jew the church rejoins, And every prince from Abraham's loins Again his fruit shall yield. 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 17 To speak in thunder to the rebel world. 1851 Universalist Q. Oct. 336 God's love may lead him to punish his rebel children here for a brief period. 1931 Ann. Reg. 1930 ii. 49 The Prime Minister's speech, as was to be expected, was considered unsatisfactory by the ‘rebel’ group in the Labour Party. 1976 Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 18 Nov. 17/5 Action would now be concentrated on Albert Johnson quay where most of the rebel dockers worked. 2002 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 362/2 I thought I was a badass, mother-fucking, rebel, outside-of-it-all person. b. In extended use (frequently of the heart, spirit, will, etc.): resistant; ungovernable; stubborn. †(a) In predicative use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] > resisting rebel1340 resisting?a1425 repugnantc1443 rebela1450 resistentc1450 obstant1486 resistanta1513 reluctant1604 renitent1604 resistive1605 resistful1614 outstandingc1650 withstanding1711 unamenable1771 recalcitrating1870 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 68 (MED) Wyþstondynge is a zenne þet comþ of þe herte þet is rebel and hard and rebours. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §192 Right as reson is rebel to god, right so is..Sensualitee rebel to reson. a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 7 (MED) Paule þe apostle wrytiþ þat þe flesch is rebel a ȝens his lord þe spirit. c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 13843 (MED) God vnto hym con tell of Niniue, þat day and nyȝt vnto his resons ware rebell. a1500 tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy (Cambr.) 656 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 104 (MED) Resoun, councell, wysdam..Bene vndur love arestyd..þai be not rebell, bot still as stone. (b) In attributive use. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] > resisting rebel1340 resisting?a1425 repugnantc1443 rebela1450 resistentc1450 obstant1486 resistanta1513 reluctant1604 renitent1604 resistive1605 resistful1614 outstandingc1650 withstanding1711 unamenable1771 recalcitrating1870 a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 608 (MED) Thogh men sowen seed Of vertu in a yong man, it is deed As blyue; his rebel goost it mortifieþ. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. E4 From a pure heart commaund thy rebell will. View more context for this quotation 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt. vi. 16) [It] subdues rebell-flesh, which with fullnesse of bread will wax wanton. 1683 Unsatisfied Lovers 48 I still advise you to rally your scatter'd Troops of conquer'd Reason, and once more try if you can overcome this Rebel Passion. 1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane iv. i. 1752 All my Rebel-blood assists the Fair. 1854 Southern Literary Messenger Jan. 8/1 The child..Must win the mastery of her rebel heart. 1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche v. xv. 58 She set the lamp beneath a chair, and cloked..its rebel lustre from the eye. 1959 P. Wayne tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust: Part Two iii. 205 I..Kiss her rebel mouth, that so She my will and strength may know. 2007 Contra Costa (Calif.) Times (Nexis) 25 Feb. f4 We don't need ‘just say no’ to be drilled in our minds because it makes a rebel mind evermore rebellious. †c. Of an animal: wayward, wild, uncontrollable. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adjective] > uncontrollable or ungovernable steerlessc888 rebelc1400 untemperable?1571 effrenated1587 incontrollable1605 unrepressable1607 commandless1609 unmasterable1618 masterless1619 effrenable1621 uncontrollable1648 unrulable1672 ungovernable1673 governless1679 unrepressible1776 incoercible1804 irrepressible1811 bronco1866 intemperable1898 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 455 (MED) Þe raven..rebel watz ever. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. 776 (MED) Oxon may now be tamed..And yf they be rebel, so let hem stonde ffastyng oon day and nyght in yokis bonde. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 104 (MED) Man ys hardy as a lyon..rebell as a rambe [L. rebellus vt paruus rex]. †d. Of a disease or condition: resistant to treatment; = rebellious adj. 3. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > resistant to treatment contumace?1541 contumaced?1541 rebel?1541 wayward?1541 rebellious1565 pertinacious1578 contumacious1605 surly1609 refractory1634 sturdy1643 irreducible1836 ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Div, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens The curacyon of vlceres, nat inueterate, but contumaced and rebell [Fr. rebelles]. e. Sport. Of a tour or fixture: held in defiance of an international sporting boycott of a country (in quots. with reference to South Africa during the apartheid era; now historical); (of a sportsperson) participating in such a tour or fixture. ΚΠ 1982 Christian Sci. Monitor 16 July 14/2 A similar rebel tour of cricketers earlier this year also succeeded because of large sums of money paid to the players. 1990 City Press (Johannesburg) 17 June 13 John Robbie..is a former rugby player who toured this country with the ‘rebel’ British Lions in 1980 before he decided to settle in South Africa after losing his job because of the tour. 1994 I. Botham My Autobiogr. viii. 156 The news broke and the initial squad for the rebel tour was released. 2007 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 14 Apr. 109 The rebel tourists were immediately banned for life and..their careers were all but gone. 3. Of words, an action, etc.: characterized by rebelliousness; characteristic of a rebel or rebels. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [adjective] > of words, actions, or things rebelc1430 rebellious1491 mutinousa1616 c1430 (c1393) G. Chaucer Scogan (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 23 Þow drow in scorn cupid ek to record Of þe ilke rebel word þat þou hast spoken. a1649 R. Crashaw Carmen Deo Nostro (1652) sig. aiiij^v Come once the conquering way; not to confute But kill this rebell-word, Irresolute That so, in spite of all this peeuish strength Of weaknes, she may write Resolv'd at Length. 1700 W. Congreve Way of World v. i. 79 Must I live to be confiscated at this Rebel-rate? 1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xv. 250 Desists at length his Rebel-war to wage. 1755 H. Walpole Corr. (1837) I. 296 However rebel this may sound at your Court my Gothic spirit is hurt. 1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 27 Unaccustom'd to rebel commotion. 1860 A. M. Goodrich Leonore xxvi. 273 Her task was to wrestle with the rebel thoughts that remained in her own bosom. 1906 A. Dudeney Battle of Weak viii. 126 The color, and the wildness, and the rebel speech of the child..had been an offense to him. 2003 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 13 Apr. 8 Mooching around in rebel postures. B. n.¹ 1. a. A person who or thing which resists authority or control.esp. in early use with reference to a person who resists divine or spiritual authority. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [noun] > one who rebels rebel1340 rebeller1398 revolter1576 revolt1585 rebellant1586 Whig1683 révolté1792 kicker1888 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 69 (MED) Hy byeþ rebels to þe heste of oure lhorde, to huam hi byeþ yhyealde. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) lxxi. 2 (MED) Ha God, ȝyf þo þy iugement to þe kyng..To iuge þe folk in riȝtfulnes and þe rebels [Fr. rebelles; L. glossing rebelles; L. pauperes] to þe [in] iugement..He shal iugen þe rebels of þe folk, and shal make sauf þe gode childer of þe rebels [L. filios pauperum]. a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Coloss. i. 29 (MED) I trauayle in striuande agynus þe rebelys. a1450 (c1400) in D. M. Grisdale 3 Middle Eng. Serm. (1939) 6 (MED) These ben preui statutis, þe rithful lawis of God, maad for hem þat be misdoers & rebellis a-ȝens his real power. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope xxi. f. cxvij The euylle, cursyd & rebelles, whiche doo no thynge but playe with dees and cardes. a1525 Contempl. Synnaris l. 499, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 205 The mynd of synnaris Is figurit to þe hell..Till God and ressoun ryngand as rebell. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 104 God,..Ceis not to send thy Sanctis sune support,..For thay Rebellis with rage do resort. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. x. 13 That Life, a very Rebell to my will, May hang no longer on me. View more context for this quotation 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xi. 103 'Tis Imagination is the Rebel; Reason contradicts its impious suggestions. 1738 J. Wesley Dryden's ‘Creator Spirit, by whose Aid’ iv Create all new, our Wills controul; Subdue the Rebel in our Soul. 1796 R. Bage Hermsprong III. viii. 65 Miss Fluart would prove a jilt, and Miss Campinet a rebel to paternal authority. 1823 Ld. Byron Werner iv. i. 140 You are not jealous Of me, I trust, my pretty Rebel! 1888 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. 2nd Ser. 212 The brilliant and attaching rebel who in thinking for himself had of old our sympathy so passionately with him. 1955 N.Y. Times 27 Oct. 28/2 Mr. Dean..is a mixed-up rebel because his father lacks decisiveness and strength. 1988 G. Boddy Katherine Mansfield i. 9 Not always the rebel, she took part in at least some of the school's activities. 2006 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 3 Nov. 3 Keep in mind that many '80s rebels are now balding guys in T-shirts who rant about the same things. b. rebel without a cause [after the title of the U.S. film Rebel without a Cause, about a rebellious teenager from a troubled home (played by James Dean) (see quot. 1955); the film's title (but not its plot) was taken from the book title in quot. 1944¹] : a person whose rebellious behaviour does not result from support for a particular cause; (originally and chiefly) a young person whose rebelliousness stems from feelings of frustration or insecurity. ΚΠ 1944 R. M. Lindner (title) Rebel without a cause: the hypnoanalysis of a criminal psychopath. 1944 R. M. Lindner Rebel without Cause 2 Clinical experience with such individuals makes it appear that the psychopath is a rebel without a cause, an agitator without a slogan, a revolutionary without a program. 1955 N.Y. Times 27 Oct. 28/2 It is a violent, brutal and disturbing picture of modern teenagers that Warner Brothers presents in its new melodrama..‘Rebel Without a Cause’. Young people neglected by their parents or given no understanding and moral support by fathers and mothers who are themselves unable to achieve balance and security in their homes are the bristling heroes and heroines.] 1956 Chicago Tribune 8 Aug. ii. 3/1 Teen-agers' most common characteristic is not an itch to rock 'n' roll, an urge to be a rebel without a cause, a passing passion for Elvis Presley, a private slanguage... It's a feeling of inferiority. 1962 L. Reid Banks End to Running i. ii. 11 I should be able to do it for myself, but I can't. I never could. I'm not a rebel without a cause. I'm not even a rebel. 1980 S. Wilson Greatest Crime 216 The self-pity in thinking of myself as a righteous rebel without a cause, a devout man without a religion, disgusted me. 1997 Face Apr. 85/2 Romeo..is your first rebel without a cause, he is your first Byronesque character. He's in love with the idea of being in love, he's rebelling but he doesn't know why. c. Sport. A player who participates in a rebel tour or fixture (cf. sense A. 2e). Frequently in plural. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > other players server1585 free agent1649 benchwarmer1662 puncher1681 sticker1779 hard hitter1790 hitter1813 go-devil1835 beneficiaire1841 colt1846 heavyweight1857 stayer1862 left-hander1864 attack1869 cap1879 international1882 roadman1886 big leaguer1887 homester1887 sand lotter1887 badger1890 internationalist1892 repeater1893 anchorman1895 grandstander1896 stylist1897 homebrew1903 letterman1905 toss-loser1906 fouler1908 rookie1908 mudder1912 sharpshooter1912 pro-amateur1919 receiver1919 southpaw1925 freestyler1927 hotshot1927 active1931 all-timer1936 iceman1936 wild card1940 scrambler1954 rounder1955 franchise1957 call-up1960 trialist1960 non-import1964 sandbagger1965 rebel1982 wide-body1986 1982 Times 16 July 20 Wolverhampton Wanderers..have been left in a quandary by the South African tour organizers. Every Wolves player had been put on the transfer list and several have been asked to join the rebels. 1989 Weekly Mail (Johannesburg) 1 Sept. 36 Rumours of rebels and rands, opposition at home—none of the storms..have cast a single cloud over the Doc. 1994 I. Botham My Autobiogr. viii. 150 The ‘rebels’ certainly could not claim that they had not been forewarned of the consequences. 2004 J. Gemmell Politics S. Afr. Cricket 173 The players were banned from international cricket for life, and there was general disappointment in some quarters that the rebels were eventually granted an amnesty. 2. a. A person who refuses allegiance or obedience to, or who fights against, an established government or ruler. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > insurgent inriser1382 rebeller1398 riser1422 rebelc1425 rebelliona1460 rioter1543 revolter1576 outbreakerc1650 upriser1656 surgent1657 insurrector1667 insurrectionera1734 insurgent1766 insurrectionist1845 reb1861 insurrectionary1893 insurrecto1907 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) 877/45 (MED) Þou..of rebelles be manly violence Abate canst þe grete cruelte. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 129 (MED) Such an enterprise is the more ffeseable when such a rebell hath more riches than his souerayne lorde. a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 251 (MED) Þe prelatis of holy chirche..mon nout chastisen þeuys, manqwelleris, lechouris, rebellys, & ryseris. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1466 He [sc. Priam] was faryn to fight in a fer londe, To riche hym of Rebelles þat of þe rewme held. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lvi The rebelles had incamped them on a Hill. 1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 111 We finde the degenerat and disobedient English, called Rebelles; but the Irish which were not in the Kings peace, are called Enemies. a1686 J. Turner Mem. (1829) 284 The barbarous rebells are cnocking doune thos who serve the king in every corner. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 175 I could..give Liberty, and take it away, and no Rebels among all my Subjects. 1778 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) I. 158 I know that for such sentiments I am called a rebel. 1800 Times 7 Feb. 3/2 The inhabitants of the country, tired out by the calamities of war, are arming themselves in several communes, in order to take the field against the recreant rebels. 1884 Daily News 27 Feb. 5/6 One could distinguish the hoo-hoo-oo, the strange war-cry of the [Sudanese] rebels. 1902 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. (1904) 32 I shot my Bible full of bullets after Bloemfontein went... Take it and pray over it before we Federals help the British knock hell out of you rebels. 1966 BBC Handbk. 1966 97 Stanleyville radio was in the hands of the rebels in the Congo (Leopoldville) Republic. 2000 Guardian (Nexis) 29 May 13 The 24-year-old mother of two bled to death after Revolutionary United Front rebels hacked her legs off and discarded them in the bush as a punishment for resisting rape. †b. Rebels collectively. Cf. enemy n.¹ 3a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [noun] > one who rebels > collectively rebelc1600 mutinousa1627 revolteda1645 yoof1986 c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 33 The small losse we susteyned in this place was multiplied upon the rebell by our quarter and skoutmasters. c. A person who supported or fought for the American cause during the War of Independence (1775–83). Cf. patriot n. 1c. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > supporter of American cause rebel1775 Whig1775 blue skin1777 revolutioner1794 1775 Massachusetts Spy 3 May 3/1 The commanding officer accosted the militia in words to this effect, ‘Disperse you damn'd rebels!’ 1777 Ann. Reg. 1776 181* Gen. Clinton, with two brigades of British..were sent to make an attempt upon Rhode Island... The rebels having abandoned the island at their approach, they took possession of it without the loss of a man. 1832 W. Dunlap Hist. Amer. Theatre 47 The audience supposing his words, ‘The rebels have attacked the lines on the Neck,’ belonged to the farce, applauded the very natural acting of the man. 1847 Knickerbocker 29 54 Mrs. Mowatt is..a great granddaughter of one of those old ‘rebels’ who signed the Declaration of Independence. 1900 A. M. Earle Stage-coach & Tavern Days viii. 179 The British commander..stirred his glass of brandy with his bloody finger, saying he would thus stir the rebel's blood before night. 1990 W. J. Wood Battles of Revol. War iii. 79 An early-morning attack could turn the rebel right flank with their backs to the Delaware. d. Chiefly U.S. A supporter of the Confederate cause during the American Civil War (1861–5), esp. a member of the Confederate States Army (now historical). Hence in extended use: (colloquial) = southerner n. a, esp. a white inhabitant of the southern United States. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > parts of New Englander1637 bayman1641 New English1647 Novangle1650 Novanglian1752 Yankee1765 cracker1766 Yank?1778 bushwhacker1809 tuckahoe1816 southerner1817 Yengees1819 muskrat1823 blue belly1827 half horse and half alligator1828 Southron1828 northerner1831 westerner1835 Northman1836 Easterner1838 Far-Wester1843 southwesterner1845 western1846 sand-hiller1848 Vineyarder1851 mountain boomer1859 Far Westerner1862 blue-nosed Yankee1866 Appalachian1888 sloper1892 Ozarkian1893 rebel1895 reb1897 Middle Westerner1899 hillbilly1900 Midwesterner1916 Ozarker1920 Geechee1926 Middle American1944 upstater1944 Mid-American1959 society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > Confederate cause > support for > supporter butternut1810 fire-eater1851 secessionist1860 confederate1861 rebel1895 reb1897 1860 H. J. Raymond Let. 29 Nov. in Disunion & Slavery (1861) 10 I am asked to put myself in the position of a rebel, of a traitor. 1861 M. S. McLean Diary Jan. in Harper's Mag. (1914) Jan. 284/2 The question being settled, it now behooves me (taking future contingencies into consideration) to cultivate rebel proclivities.] 1861 E. Cowell Diary 15 Apr. in Cowells in Amer. (1934) 290 [The] proceeding caused the necessary diversion of ‘the rebels'’ course. 1864 J. R. Lowell McClellan's Rep. in Prose Wks. (1890) V. 107 General McClellan, by the admission of the Rebels themselves, had Richmond at his mercy. 1895 W. H. Chambliss Diary 305 The malignant epithets, ‘Yankee’ and ‘Rebels’,..were invented by fanatics and foreigners to aggravate our interstate quarrel. 1905 A. H. Rice Sandy 123 ‘Was he a rebel?’.. ‘He was a Confederate, sir! I never knew a rebel.’ 1929 Amer. Speech 4 344 Rebel, a Southerner. 1959 W. Peters Southern Temper xiii. 211 [The] publisher of the Augusta Courier..exudes pleasantness and good will, even when his caller is a Northern newspaperman or writer. ‘Well,’ he said to one such not long ago, ‘I guess you've come down here to give us rebels hell.’ 2000 News & Rec. (Greensboro, N. Carolina) (Nexis) 7 June c1 The bent reasoning you heard from good ol' boys who said he was just a rebel being persecuted by Yankees. 3. Law. A person who refuses to obey a legal command or summons; (Scots Law) a debtor who disobeys a charge on letters of horning (cf. horning n. 4). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > disobedience to or contempt of court > one who rebelc1430 contemner1541 contemnor1569 c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 340/2 The rebelles [L. rebelles] and perturbers within the burgh. 1538 in D. H. Fleming Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1921) II. 416/1 The said Schir Johnne declarit barratour, and denuncit rebell and at the horne for breking of the Actis of Parliament. 1592 Sc. Act 12 Jas. VI (1597) §129. 119 Quhen-ever onie persones, that hes fund sovertie to vnderly the Law, compeiris not at the day appoynted, and their-throw are decerned to be denunced rebelles, as fugitiues fra the law. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Hhh4/1, at Rebellion Rebell is sometime attributed to him that wilfully breaketh a lawe..sometime to a villein disobeying his Lord. 1666–88 G. Dallas Syst. Stiles (1697) 289 Being..orderly denunced Rebel and put to the Horn, by vertue of Letters of Horning raised, used and execute against him. 1752 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. II. iii. iii. 260 It was for his not surrendering his person, (in default of payment) which was in his power, that he was pronounced rebel. a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. ii. v. §56 If the debtor obey not the will of the letters within the days mentioned in them, the messenger may immediately after publish the diligence by denouncing the debtor rebel. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 819 A debtor who disobeys a charge on letters of horning, to pay or perform in terms of his obligation, is accounted in law a rebel. 2000 A. Smith in K. Reid & R. Zimmermann Hist. Private Law Scotl. II. viii. 199 The messenger-at-arms..blew three blasts on his horn, declared the debtor a rebel, and fixed a copy of the documents to the market-cross. Compounds rebel-hearted adj. ΚΠ 1764 J. Mayhew Remarks Anonymous Tract 74 At such times, cruel, blood-thirsty and rebel-hearted roman-catholics, had hardly any opposition made to them. 1926 C. Day Lewis in Oxf. Poetry 19 What sense Have they the pioneer-minded, the rebel-hearted, If man's fulfilment rest on no ‘perhaps’ Outside him? 2006 Time Out (Nexis) 23 Aug. 75 This latest release from the excellent Masters of Cinema label is a shamefully neglected, rebel-hearted, post-'68 countercultural movie from Toshio Matsumoto. rebel-held adj. ΚΠ 1907 Times 16 Oct. 16/2 He received on the 12th 15 more pieces of heavy ordnance, which were directed on the Kaisarbagh and later on the Residency and other rebel-held positions about the bridges. 1966 BBC Handbk. 1966 98 The Service's East African Unit..became..the only source of news from rebel-held territory [in the Congo Republic]. 2001 Navy News Sept. 4/2 Many thousand ex-combatants disarmed, allowing the newly British-trained Sierra Leone Army (SLA) to re-occupy large parts of previously rebel-held territory without a shot being fired. † rebel-high adv. Obsolete rare. ΚΠ 1719 E. Young Brothers iii, in Wks. (1757) II. 240 Demetrius borrows those [wings], To mount full rebel-high. Derivatives ˈrebel-like adv. and adj. ΚΠ 1589 A. Dowriche French Hist. f. 17 So Zedekiah proud from sinne would not returne: But Rebel-like, the word of God he did with fire burne. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xvii. 15 It seemed she was a queene ouer her passion, Who most rebell-like, sought to be King ore her. View more context for this quotation 1734 J. Adams Misc. Poems 62 God protects that the imperious Flood Should ne're get loose as long as Nature stood, Nor, Rebel like, usurp o're Eart again. 1855 A. Cary Poems 336 Gathering all My sorrows to one purpose, rebel like, I would step out into the dark. 2003 M. Utas Sweet Battlefields (Ph.D. diss., Uppsala Univ.) vi. 229 Elements within the civil service..continue to loot private and state property in rebel-like fashion. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rebelv. Brit. /rᵻˈbɛl/, U.S. /rəˈbɛl/ Forms: α. Middle English–1500s rebelle, Middle English–1700s rebell, Middle English– rebel; Scottish pre-1700 rebbell, pre-1700 rebell, pre-1700 1700s– rebel. β. Scottish pre-1700 rabell. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French rebeller; Latin rebellāre. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French rebeller (French rebeller ) to rise up, to revolt (1180 in Anglo-Norman; now only in reflexive use) and its etymon classical Latin rebellāre to rise up against, to revolt < re- re- prefix + bellāre to fight, make war < bellum war (see duel n.). Compare Old Occitan rebellar (14th cent.), Catalan rebellarse (13th cent.), Spanish rebelarse (a1250), Portuguese rebelar (13th cent.), Italian ribellare (14th cent.).In quot. 1340 at sense 1a apparently arising from a misinterpretation of Middle French rebeer to covet, in the passage translated. 1. intransitive. Frequently with against; formerly also with †from, †to. a. To resist, oppose, or be disobedient to, a higher authority.In quot. 1656 transitive with it. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > rebel [verb (intransitive)] rebel1340 revolt1562 uparise1649 revolute1868 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 28 Þo rebeleþ [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues hopeþ; Fr. rebee] þe enuyous uor to ssende and to destrue. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. xxvi. 9 Aȝens þe lord þei rebelledyn [v.r. rebelden; a1425 L.V. rebelliden; L. rebellaverunt], & þe erþe openynge his mouþ deuourede chore. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 341 (MED) Þogh a creature..feele not a-ryght, Schal he rebelle ageyn his lordes myght, Which þat þis wyde world haþ made of noght? 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Eiiii^v Rebellyng agaynst their prelates & curates. ?1566 W. P. tr. C. S. Curio Pasquine in Traunce 50 b Howe wilt thou that they should be honest, if in their cursed othe, they rebel from Christe. 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. §69. 309 To take vengeance of such as obstinately rebell against his will. 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 68 Yet it kill'd Achan, and infinite Innocents enough..to have rebell'd it. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 179 This is servitude, To serve th' unwise, or him who hath rebelld Against his worthier. View more context for this quotation 1700 A. Boyer Achilles v. i. 41 What! Sir, rebel against my Father! And so deserve that Death you bid me shun! 1778 L. Carter Diary 15 Aug. (1965) II. 1145 Thus does the hypocritical She devil..who first made..all the male race rebel against God's commands. 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna iv. xx. 85 They..bend beneath the spell Of that young maiden's speech, and to their chiefs rebel. 1853 C. Brontë Villette I. viii. 149 ‘I have heard how they rebelled against and persecuted Miss Turner’—a poor, friendless English teacher, whom madame had employed, and lightly discarded. 1874 E. Eggleston Circuit Rider x. 95 If Morton loved her she would marry him in the face of her father's displeasure. She had never rebelled against the iron rule, but she felt herself full of power and..endurance. 1942 Calif. Folklore Q. 1 346 I knew how miserable he was, locked up in his room, rebelling against his mother, as he had always done in the past. 1954 Eng. Jrnl. 43 236/2 In the process of striving for status as an individual, the young person must rebel actively against parent, teacher, and other adults of authority over his life. 1994 Boston Globe 16 Oct. (Mag.) 37/2 He doesn't say this in the flip, in-your-face manner of a kid rebelling against his parents. b. To rise in opposition or armed resistance against an established ruler or government; to take part in a rebellion.In quot. c1485 apparently transitive and reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > take up attitude of opposition to turnc1330 rebela1382 society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > rise in revolt [verb (intransitive)] arisec825 onriseOE rise?a1160 stirc1275 inrisea1300 upstanda1300 again-risea1382 rebela1382 raisea1400 insurge1532 to fall offa1535 revolt1548 to rise in arms1563 tumult1570 tumultuatea1734 insurrect1821 insurrectionize1841 to break into rebellion1876 society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > rise in revolt [verb (reflexive)] rebela1382 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xxiv. 1 In hise daies steȝede vp Nabugodonosor, kyng of babiloyne, & Joachym..rebellede [L. rebellavit] aȝens hym. ?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 82 (MED) Þe peple..rebelledyn to hym and toke hem anoþer kyng. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. 800 (MED) Caransynvs..rebellid in Breteyne Ageyn the Romeyns. c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 194 (MED) For he þat is noȝt vertuus and wyse, men be redy to rebel a-yens hym. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 117 Quhen euer a baroun risis to mak were on his king, or rebell him jn ony thing to cum agaynis him, he fallis jn the crime of lese mageste. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 649 He duelt furth in-to the land, Thame that rebelland war warrand. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cii. 122 The kyng ordayned therle of Salisbury..into the northe parties,..for the Scottes had rebelled agayne to hym. 1562 P. Whitehorne Certain Waies Orderyng Souldiers f. 35^v, in tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre The same toune being rebelled from the frenchemen,..the Uenetians..had laid all the strete full of Artillerie. 1642 W. Ball Caveat for Subjects 14 The Polish Peasants may rebell against the King and their Lords, for that they hold them in villinage. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxviii. 240 They rebelled, and would have a mortall man for their King. 1718 Free-thinker No. 56. 2 It is astonishing..the People should ever Rebel for Slavery. 1767 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxv. 46 You would not be the first prince..against whom they have rebelled. 1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose ix. 124 Returning to the natural government of the Prince against whom they have rebelled. 1863 W. Phillips Speeches xix. 446 The government..deserves to be rebelled against. 1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Sunset Song 16 The Cateran who dared rebel against the fine English king might find no provision for his army of coarse and landless men. 1994 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Feb. 118/3 Haiti has always been a throwaway nation, ever since its uppity slaves rebelled against the mighty Napoleon Bonaparte some 200 years ago. c. figurative. To offer resistance; to exhibit opposition; to feel or show repugnance. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > dislike > disgust > excite repugnance in [verb (transitive)] > feel repugnance towards rebelc1405 c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant/Franklin Link (Hengwrt) (2003) 27 I wol nat rebelle [A]gayn youre wyl. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §191 Sensualitee rebelleth thanne agayns reson and by that wey leseth reson the lordshipe ouer Sensualitee. ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 222 (MED) Somme..chastisen her body with riȝt greet penaunce and þe cause is þat her sensualyte schulde not rebelle aȝeins resoun. a1500 ( Vision E. Leversedge in Notes & Queries Somerset & Dorset (1905) 9 32 (MED) Wat tyme thou felist thy flesch rebell aȝenst thy saule, vse thou to fast bred and watur. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 120 Gude Lord I knaw my wickitnes, Contrair to thy command, Rebelland ay with cruelnes. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iv. 354 His grace saies that which his flesh rebels against. View more context for this quotation 1634 T. Heywood Maidenhead Lost iv, in Wks. (1874) IV. 151 My blood rebells against my reason. 1738 S. Johnson London 1 Tho' grief and fondness in my breast rebel, When injur'd Thales bids the town farewell. 1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 16 Thus Conscience pleads her cause..Though long rebelled against, not yet suppressed. 1830 M. W. Shelley Fortunes Perkin Warbeck III. xv. 217 The promised interview with his White Rose tempted him to delay; while an inner spirit rebelled even against this dear enticement, and bade him fly. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §2. 354 The temper of the whole people rebelled against so lawless a usurpation. 1908 E. F. Benson Climber 35 She had herself assisted in adding to the tediousness at which she so rebelled, by making the worst of it. 1959 E. S. Gardner Pass Gravy xv. 247 His stomach rebelled and he up-chucked. 1990 J. Sutherland Mrs Humphry Ward v. 47 His historian's conscience rebelled at biblical miracles. 2. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To rebel against (a person or thing); to oppose rebelliously. rare after 16th cent. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > rebel against [verb (transitive)] to kick against or ata1425 rebelc1485 revolt1548 to give (a person) the revolta1616 c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 102 Quhy than suld thair subiectes rebell thame? a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 357 (MED) But whan þei wiln rebellyn her souereyns & nout wiln stondyn to her ordinance..þat peple is..able sone to lesyn his lond. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 562 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 112 Quhen yai rebellit ye crovne & couth ye kyng deire. a1550 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Wemyss) viii. l. 303 Quhen he [sc. King John] rebellit the pape of Rome. c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 13 As sillie scheip dar not the volf rebell. 1908 A. S. M. Hutchinson Once aboard Lugger iv. ii. 219 To-day the empress sway of conventionality is rarely rebelled. Derivatives reˈbelled adj. (and n.) now rare. ΚΠ 1628 tr. Disc. Resol. Valteline 85 Wee say, that that Prince, to whose protection the rebelled people of another Prince haue recourse, either hee hath right of some action ouer them,..or he hath no right of action whatsoeuer. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 737 I..shall soon, Armd with thy might, rid heav'n of these rebell'd . View more context for this quotation 1823 J. Browning tr. L. Pignotti Hist. Tuscany II. vi. 316 A league was entered into between Florence, Bologna, and the rebelled cities, and the Visconti. 1978 A. W. Short Continuity & Change (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Aberdeen) 469 in Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. (1981) 5 31 112 A patriotic stranger is better than a rebelled citizen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.²a1425adj.n.¹c1325v.1340
随便看	migmatized mignardise mignardise braid mignon mignonette mignonette lace mignonette lawn mignonette linen mignonette netting mignonette pepper mignonette vine mignonette-box mignonette-coloured mignonette-green mignonette-grey mignonette-pot mignonette-vine mignonettebox mignonettecoloured mignonettegreen mignonettegrey mignonettepot mignonettes mignonettevine mignons

† rebeln.2

rebeladj.n.1

Compounds

Derivatives

rebelv.

Derivatives

† rebeln.²

rebeladj.n.¹