bermn.

Brit.

/bəːm/, U.S.

/bərm/

Forms: Also 1700s–1800s berme, 1800s birm.

Etymology: < French berme, < Middle Dutch and German berme, in modern Dutch berm, in same sense; probably cognate with Old Norse barmr brim, edge, border of a river, the sea, etc.

a. A narrow space or ledge; esp. in Fortification a space of ground, from 3 to 8 feet wide, sometimes left between the ditch and the base of the parapet.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > ground behind rampart > ground between rampart and ditch

foreland1704

lisière1706

berm1729

ledge1729

1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery iv. 197 Round which shall be formed a Berm or Ledge, for the conveniently ranging of certain Paper Tubes or Cases.

1775 R. Montgomery in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 470 By the time we arrived there, the fraise around the berme would be destroyed, the rampart in a ruinous state.

1816 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 4) 248/2 Berm..is to prevent the earth from rolling into the ditch, and serves likewise to pass and repass. As it is in some degree advantageous to the enemy, in getting footing, most of the modern engineers reject it.

1840 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. VIII. lxiii. 424 The ladders..enabled them to reach an intermediate ledge or berm.

b. spec. in Geology. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ledge or terrace > [noun]

shelvea1701

ledge1732

terrace1753

bench1791

lynchet1797

shelf1807

benching1809

offset1856

cultivation terrace1863

terracing1863

mantelshelf1897

cultivation-bank1913

mantelpiece1920

terracette1922

berm1931

1931 F. Bascom in Science LXXIV. 172/1 The word berm..should be used to distinguish those terraces which originate from the interruption of an erosion cycle with rejuvenation of a stream in the mature stage of its development.

1942 C. A. Cotton Geomorphol. (ed. 3) xviii. 242 The term ‘berm’ has been introduced for any remnant of a surface developed to full maturity in a cycle that has since been interrupted. Though it has been said to be a kind of ‘terrace’, a berm may include more than the valley floor which becomes a true river terrace.

1942 O. D. von Engeln Geomorphol. xii. 221 Such a remnantal flat, which has a surface slope downstream, may be called a strath or sometimes, together with the valley shoulder, a berm.

2. berm-bank n. [? Actually used only in U.S.A.] the bank of a canal opposite the towing-path.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bank > [noun] > of canal

berm-bank1854

fondamenta1866

the world > the earth > water > body of water > channel of water > [noun] > navigable waterway > canal > other structures in canals

overfall1764

aqueduct1791

tail-cut1791

waste-weir1793

boatlift1839

berm-bank1854

tail-bay1856

1854 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 10 12/2 [A writer from Philadelphia] The bank of a canal opposite to the towing-path is called the birm-bank.

1877 Engineer 3 Aug. 89/1 To lay a rail upon the berme bank (the bank opposite the towing path).

3. A ledge or flat of land bordering either bank of the Nile and inundated when the river overflows.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > flooded

holm?c1050

wash-land1794

callow1823

khadar1828

flood-plain1873

flood-landa1881

berm1891

várzea1911

toich1948

1891 Daily News 31 Oct. 6/4 To raise the Nile at the apex of the Delta to a level sufficient to flood the islands and berms of the two branches in the Delta.

1900 Westm. Gaz. 10 July 2/2 The water level in the winter was some fifty centimètres below the general level of the berm.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	berm
释义	bermn. Brit. /bəːm/, U.S. /bərm/ Forms: Also 1700s–1800s berme, 1800s birm. Etymology: < French berme, < Middle Dutch and German berme, in modern Dutch berm, in same sense; probably cognate with Old Norse barmr brim, edge, border of a river, the sea, etc. 1. a. A narrow space or ledge; esp. in Fortification a space of ground, from 3 to 8 feet wide, sometimes left between the ditch and the base of the parapet. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > ground behind rampart > ground between rampart and ditch foreland1704 lisière1706 berm1729 ledge1729 1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery iv. 197 Round which shall be formed a Berm or Ledge, for the conveniently ranging of certain Paper Tubes or Cases. 1775 R. Montgomery in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 470 By the time we arrived there, the fraise around the berme would be destroyed, the rampart in a ruinous state. 1816 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 4) 248/2 Berm..is to prevent the earth from rolling into the ditch, and serves likewise to pass and repass. As it is in some degree advantageous to the enemy, in getting footing, most of the modern engineers reject it. 1840 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. VIII. lxiii. 424 The ladders..enabled them to reach an intermediate ledge or berm. b. spec. in Geology. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ledge or terrace > [noun] shelvea1701 ledge1732 terrace1753 bench1791 lynchet1797 shelf1807 benching1809 offset1856 cultivation terrace1863 terracing1863 mantelshelf1897 cultivation-bank1913 mantelpiece1920 terracette1922 berm1931 1931 F. Bascom in Science LXXIV. 172/1 The word berm..should be used to distinguish those terraces which originate from the interruption of an erosion cycle with rejuvenation of a stream in the mature stage of its development. 1942 C. A. Cotton Geomorphol. (ed. 3) xviii. 242 The term ‘berm’ has been introduced for any remnant of a surface developed to full maturity in a cycle that has since been interrupted. Though it has been said to be a kind of ‘terrace’, a berm may include more than the valley floor which becomes a true river terrace. 1942 O. D. von Engeln Geomorphol. xii. 221 Such a remnantal flat, which has a surface slope downstream, may be called a strath or sometimes, together with the valley shoulder, a berm. 2. berm-bank n. [? Actually used only in U.S.A.] the bank of a canal opposite the towing-path. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bank > [noun] > of canal berm-bank1854 fondamenta1866 the world > the earth > water > body of water > channel of water > [noun] > navigable waterway > canal > other structures in canals overfall1764 aqueduct1791 tail-cut1791 waste-weir1793 boatlift1839 berm-bank1854 tail-bay1856 1854 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 10 12/2 [A writer from Philadelphia] The bank of a canal opposite to the towing-path is called the birm-bank. 1877 Engineer 3 Aug. 89/1 To lay a rail upon the berme bank (the bank opposite the towing path). 3. A ledge or flat of land bordering either bank of the Nile and inundated when the river overflows. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > flooded holm?c1050 wash-land1794 callow1823 khadar1828 flood-plain1873 flood-landa1881 berm1891 várzea1911 toich1948 1891 Daily News 31 Oct. 6/4 To raise the Nile at the apex of the Delta to a level sufficient to flood the islands and berms of the two branches in the Delta. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 10 July 2/2 The water level in the winter was some fifty centimètres below the general level of the berm. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † bermv. Forms: Also berme. Etymology: Middle English berm-en , < berme, barm n.² An earlier form of barm v. Obsolete. transitive. To work out, as barm: to purge out. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > remove impurities from [verb (transitive)] > remove by purifying bermc1315 spurgea1395 purifyc1400 defeke1605 defecate1774 c1315 Shoreham Poems 15 Ine the foreheved the crouche a set Felthe of fendes to bermi. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 32 Bermyn or spurgyn as ale, spumo. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1729v.c1315
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bermn.

† bermv.