recessionn.¹

Brit.

/rᵻˈsɛʃn/, U.S.

/rəˈsɛʃ(ə)n/,

/riˈsɛʃ(ə)n/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin recessiōn-, recessiō.

Etymology: < classical Latin recessiōn-, recessiō action of going back, withdrawal (Vitruvius), in post-classical Latin also (of a fever) remission (8th cent. in a British source), backwards movement of time (14th cent. in a British source) < recess- , past participial stem of recēdere recede v.¹ + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian recessione (1640).

†1. A temporary suspension of work or activity (also as a mass noun); = recess n. 5. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun]

steadc1000

leathc1175

abiding1340

broklinga1400

pausation1422

pausing1440

interceasingc1450

suspensing?1504

suspending1524

intermission1526

leathing1535

suspensationc1571

intercession1572

suspense1584

abeyance1593

suspension1603

recession1606

interruption1607

recess1620

intercision1625

intercessation1659

intermittency1662

pretermission1677

break1689

cess1703

intermittence1796

1606 R. Bowyer Diary 9 Dec. in Parl. Diary (1931) 204 By reason of the Feast approaching, this Assembly is of Necessity to have a Recession.

1634 R. Powell Life of Alfred 65 Each of them wayted a moneth by turnes, and then had two moneths recession for their ease.

1652 R. Brathwait Suppl. in Times Treasury 12 A Recession or Diversion from imployment leaves the mind to talke with it selfe, without bestowing it selfe on any usefull designe, publike or private.

a. Chiefly Medicine. The relief or remission of (a disease, symptoms, etc.); the diminution or decline of (a faculty, function, etc.). Also: an instance of this. Later occasionally in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [noun] > going away specifically of a thing > of a quality

recession?1608

?1608 S. Lennard tr. P. Charron Of Wisdome ii. i. 227 The passions are..but the furious reboundings, accessions and recessions [Fr. recés] of follie.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. vi. 75 Sleep..is a recession of the heat inward with a naturall kind of circumobsistence.

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed iv. 419 Death is nothing else but the privation or recession of life.

1762 C. Bisset Med. Constit. Great Brit. ii. 16 A long uniform course of warm or sultry weather..occasions a general recession of the inflammatory disposition.

1795 Med. Commentaries for 1794 Decade 2nd 10 144 The unfavourable signs were, an increase of muscular debility..and a gradual recession of heat from the surface of the body.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 801/2 The recession of heat from the limbs was noticed by Hippocrates.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 304 In some cases the recession of mental function is not on physiological lines.

1921 W. J. Highman Dermatology 415 The recession of the disease occurs in alternating waves of recrudescence, and quiescence.

1940 W. F. Ogburn & M. F.Nimkoff Sociology 508 If..the population should decrease because of a falling birth rate,..would a recession of optimism occur?

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 7 Mar. 531/2 The fetal bradycardia developed with the onset of anesthesia, only to disappear with the recession of maternal analgesia.

1995 Economist 8 July (Vietnam Surv. Suppl.) 4/1 It was too..late to avoid the planetary recession of communism.

2004 C. Balmaceda & J. Rossi in M. J. Legato & J. P. Bilezikian Princ. Gender-specific Med. II. vii. lxii. 678/2 Many patients experience a recession of symptoms with parturition.

b. The action or an act of departing from some state, standard, or mindset; disaffiliation from an association, agreement, etc. Also: an instance of this.In quot. 1614: a return to a previously established state.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > [noun] > desertion of one's party or principles

recreandisea1425

declining1526

declination1533

back-turning1535

defect1540

revoltc1576

falling off1577

apostasy1578

tergiversation1583

declension1597

recreancy1602

starting1602

recreantness1611

recession1614

turncoating1624

recreancea1632

diffidation1640

withdrawment1640

tergiversating1654

turning1665

ratting1789

renegadism1823

turncoatery1841

defection1884

turncoatism1889

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > [noun] > avoiding an action or condition > turning aside from a course of action

divagation1560

swaya1586

deviation1603

deflection1605

recess1605

recession1614

exit1615

non-residence1615

exorbitancy1623

exorbitancea1628

exorbitationa1628

aberrancy1646

aberrance1661

variationa1662

departurea1694

resilience1838

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World sig. E4^v As in the Naturall priuation their is no recession to habit; so it is seldome seene in the priuation politique.

1641 W. Montagu Coppy of Let. 8 Even your displeasure (which I may apprehend upon this mis-interpreted occasion) shall never give me any of the least recession from my duty.

1652 W. Brough Preservative against Schisme in Sacred Princ. 10 There is no sin nor Schism in our Recession from them.

1695 J. Sage Fund. Charter Presbytery v. 360 The disusing of the Lords Prayer..is a late Innovation, as well as a Recession from the Pattern of our Reformers.

a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) X. 301 His [sc. Christ's] whole life went in a constant recession from his own rights.

1758 S. Johnson Idler 25 Nov. 265 All this is a..temporary recession from the realities of life to airy fictions.

1823 Ld. Byron Let. 10 Mar. (1980) X. 120 No recession will take place on my part from ‘the Liberal’ without serious consideration with your brother.

1847 M. Crotty Narr. of Reformation at Birr (1850) v. 199 Our recession from the Church of Rome was neither owing to a love of division, not without just cause.

1859 J. Cumming Ruth iii. 41 He may leave us..to taste the bitterness of our recession so far and so criminally from Him.

1906 W. C. Mackenzie Short Hist. Sc. Highlands & Isles 290 The gradual recession of the clergy of the Established Church from the rigour of Calvinism.

1931 H. G. Wells Work, Wealth & Happiness Mankind I. iv. 201 Trotsky and Zinovieff protested in 1927 against the gradual recession from socialist ideals.

1966 L. D. Crow et al. Educating Culturally Disadvantaged Child 29 A recession from the normal standards of a sound society.

2001 D. V. Porpora Landscapes of Soul iv. 156 We speak of the lack of a moral ontology or of a recession from transcendental horizons.

3. The action or fact of receding or moving away.

a. The action or an act of receding from a place or point; withdrawal; movement apart or away. In later use chiefly figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [noun]

departing?c1225

partingc1300

withdrawingc1315

departc1330

wendingc1330

outpassinga1387

goinga1400

discessc1425

departisona1450

departmentc1450

going awayc1450

departition1470

departurec1515

recess1531

avoidance1563

parture1567

waygate1575

departance1579

exit1596

remotion1608

voiding1612

recession1630

recedence1641

recede1649

partment1663

recedure1712

leaving1719

off-going1727

quittance1757

departal1823

pull-out1825

pull-awaya1829

1630 W. Basse Helpe to Memory & Disc. 53 After death (as Diuinity will tell vs) the soule goes either to ioy or paine, from whence there is no recession.

a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) ix. vi. 419 Neither were it a Happiness worth the having, for a Mind,..by a recession into it self, to spend an Eternity in self-converse.

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 144 The Sun..plying them always alike without any annual Recession or Intermission.

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. Notes 15 Particles mutually recede from and approach each other reciprocally; at the times of their recession from each other the body becomes enlarged in bulk.

1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xxvii. 270 She seemed to recede. I drew nearer: her recession, still silent, became swift.

1879 R. A. Proctor Pleasant Ways Sci. iv. 99 The method shows no signs of approach or recession in the moon's case.

1911 F. J. Cannon Under Prophet in Utah ii. 46 My father believed that if he left Utah, his recession might tend to placate the government.

1936 ‘R. West’ Thinking Reed 26 The shy recession of a votary of love taking the veil.

1944 P. Larkin Let. 16 Apr. in Sel. Lett. (1992) 87 I aim at increased negativeness, a kind of infinite recession in the face of the world.

2005 C. Villeneuve in S. Duangsamosorn et al. Re-imagining Lang. & Lit. for 21st Cent. 360 The only one who sees Justin's absorption of English and his recession into a world of fantasy as a ‘crisis of identity’.

b. A setting or going back in time; a delay. Hence: the passing (of time). Also as a mass noun.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > [noun] > going back in time or backward move

recession1646

retrospectivity1797

hark back1798

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 317 They must..endure anticipation and recession from the moveable condition of their causes.

1830 C. M. Sedgwick Clarence II. xiii. 239 We have been compelled to repeated recession, and long as it may appear since we left him..the time seemed to him short as a blissful dream.

a1876 M. Collins Thoughts in Garden (1880) II. 290 Has there really been a recession of the seasons, so that summer comes later every year?

1937 M. F. Cleugh Time i. vii. 151 The recession into the past of the ‘now’.

1970 H. E. French Of Rivers & Sea 88 It is useful to realize that there is a daily recession of time of tide.

2001 V. Gorman Miletos 7 More distant events become increasingly more and more fantastic with the recession of time.

c. Astronomy. = precession n.² 1a. Chiefly in recession of the equinoxes (cf. precession of the equinoxes at precession n.² 1a). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > great circle > ecliptic > cardinal points > precession of equinoxes

precession1594

recession1682

retrogression1794

1682 J. Flamsteed Gresham Lect. (1975) 285 It will be requisite to shew y^u how they come to alter theire Longitudes annually by the recession of the Earths æquinoctiall points.

1759 B. Martin Philosophia Britannica (ed. 2) III. xi. 224 By this Recession of the Equinox it will..cause that the Sun shall arrive to the Equinox, or first Point of Aries, before his Revolution is compleated.

1787 J. Richardson Key to Geogr. viii. v. 149 The Aberration of the Earth's Axis, round the Pole of the Ecliptic (called the Precession or Recession of the Equinoxes).

1868 Sci. Amer. 18 Jan. 36/3 The true and only cause of precession, rather recession of the equinoxes.

1960 Isis 51 526 He [sc. Faraday (c1810)] referred throughout to the recession of the Equinox.

d. Physical Geography. The withdrawal of the sea from a shoreline; the retreat of a shoreline as a result of a change in the level of the sea or the land. Also: the process or phenomenon by which a natural feature such as a glacier, waterfall, or escarpment recedes over time as a result of natural processes (such as erosion or glacial melting).Quot. a1703 concerns the global distribution of water under the influence of the earth's motion, rather than its relation to the land.

ΚΠ

a1703 R. Hooke Disc. Earthquakes in Posthumous Wks. (1705) 355 Such a motion must cause a recession of the Sea from the Polar parts towards the Æquinoctial.]

1746 tr. H. Boerhaave Acad. Lect. Theory Physic V. 403 The Springs may be infected with a Saltness left in the Earth, after the recession of the Sea.

1778 tr. A. Fortis Trav. into Dalmatia 106 You..were plentifully furnished with examples..of the beds of rivers changed; of the encroachments, and recessions of the sea.

1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. x. 167 Gradual recession of the cataracts of Niagara.

1839 J. Murray Hand-bk. for Travellers in Switzerland (new ed.) 415 The advance and recession of the glaciers seem to depend upon the seasons.

1901 Science 4 Oct. 538/1 The recession of the shore line is rapid, in some cases several feet a year.

1925 Cent. Mag. Jan. 340/1 There remains in the soil some beautiful sleek sea-thing caught by the recession of the waters.

1937 S. W. Wooldridge & R. S. Morgan Physical Basis Geogr. xv. 220 The rate of upstream recession of knickpoints will evidently vary with the character of rocks eroded.

2004 P. D. Komar in M. A. Hampton & G. B. Griggs Formation, Evolution, & Stability Coastal Cliffs 76 Subaerial processes..become important for the recession of the cliff during the long periods of time.

e. Movement of a part of the body away (typically inwards or backwards) from its normal position; esp. withdrawal of the gum from the neck of a tooth; an instance of this. Later also: surgical displacement of a part posteriorly or inwards. Now chiefly Dentistry and Surgery.

ΚΠ

1827 Lancet 7 Apr. 11/1 In the abdomen and chest, the soft and flexible parts follow by the effect of the pressure of the atmosphere, the recession of the internal organs.

1835 G. Waite Gums 132 When the action of mercurials has been resorted to in order to eradicate disease contracted in youth.., we have recession of the gum and of the sockets of the teeth.

1863 Med. Times & Gaz. 24 Jan. 85/2 There is recession of all the soft parts (supra-sternal and clavicular, intercostal spaces and ensiform region) during respiration.

1922 P. C. Jameson in Trans. Amer. Ophthalmol. Soc. 20 166 (title) Correction of squint by muscle recession with scleral suturing.

1926 People's Home Jrnl. Feb. 26/3 A catarrhal condition about the margin of the gums causes their recession and while bacteria may be the predisposing cause..it can be greatly increased by acid foods, tartar formation, and carelessness in brushing the teeth regularly.

1962 G. C. Blake & J. R. Trott Periodontol. iv. 53 Gingival recession of this type is so universal that it may be considered normal so long as it is not accompanied by inflammation.

1972 Current Probl. Surg. Nov. 40 At 6 months of age, the infant under discussion here was returned for recession of the clitoris and plastic repair of the vagina.

2001 Independent 15 May ii. 7/2 These six words invariably signal an unlovely discussion about impotence, piles, gum recession or pension plans.

f. Phonetics. The transference of accentuation towards or on to the first syllable of a word.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > accent > stress accent > specific

rhetorical accent1728

suppression1751

recession1855

thought accent1897

stress maximum1908

fall-rise1921

promotion1956

paroxytonization1973

1855 M. H. Bresslau Hebrew & Eng. Dict. xx. 63 Of course this recession of the accent on the ultimate regularly takes place when the following word is a monosyllable.

1886 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 7 ii. 246 A tendency existed to recession from the end of the word.

1929 S.P.E. Tract (Soc. for Pure Eng.) No. XXXII. 388 This condition, which lightens the syllable, allows and even invites loss and recession of accent.

1957 W. Beare Lat. Verse & European Song 157 Harsh considers the problem propounded by Bentley as to whether elision may result in recession of accent.

1994 A. M. Devine & L. D. Stephens Prosody of Greek Speech iii. 102 Recession of the Greek acute accent is constrained by the weight of the final syllable of the word.

g. A return procession, esp. as part of a religious service; (Christian Church) the withdrawing procession of the clergy and choir to the vestry at the close of a service.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > procession

precessiona1400

ganging1540

procession1544

processioning1593

perahera1681

processional1820

recession1868

1868 M. E. C. Walcott Sacred Archæol. 473 In a procession to the altar, in reverse order to that of the recession, first went the verger.

1874 L. W. Church From Plough to Pulpit via Cambr. 240 When the recession of the clergy took place, Jonah thought the service had concluded.

1914 W. M. Sloane Balkans 29 He performed public worship at the ceremony of the selamlik in a pompous procession and recession to and from the near-by mosque.

1948 C. C. Rasmussen What about Scandinavia? 185 There is, in the regular service, neither procession nor recession. The choir is located in a balcony in the rear of the auditorium.

1972 H. E. Horn Worship in Crisis 152 Whoever wants to celebrate the day with a joyful hymn comes out of his place in the congregation and joins the choir and ministers in procession or recession.

1993 Bride's All New Bk. Etiquette 147 In a Jewish recession, you and your groom will be followed up the aisle first by your parents.

2007 Common Worship (Church of Eng.) 167 The bishop wears his mitre and holds his pastoral staff for the Blessing and the recession.

h. Astronomy. The motion of a celestial object away from the earth, esp. that of an object outside our galaxy attributed to the expansion of the universe. Also attributive, esp. in recession velocity.Quot. 1841 refers to motion across the field of view (proper motion, rather than radial motion).

ΚΠ

1841 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 7 117 I should, perhaps, attribute it to the same optical effect by which Sir J. Herschel..is inclined to explain the apparent recession of the nebula Orionis from the stars of the trapezium situate within it.]

1871 Proc. Royal Soc. 20 384 A recession of the nebula in the line of sight.

1935 Sci. News Let. 21 Dec. 390/1 A new outpost of the universe, a faint nebular galaxy of stars..with recession velocity of 50,000 miles per second was discovered at Mt. Wilson Observatory.

1964 Science 6 Nov. 804/2 Recession of galaxies is proportional to distance.

1981 E. R. Harrison Cosmology x. 215/2 The recession velocity increases with distance and at a certain distance equals the velocity of light.

1991 C. A. Ronan Nat. Hist. Universe 16/1 Light from double stars,..which orbit each other at significant speeds, is neither delayed nor advanced by the approach or recession of the source stars.

2004 Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 22 976 Some astronomers, such as Arp and Hoyle, believe that to connect the red shift to the recession is an error.

a. The effect or fact of receding or being recessed, esp. as a feature in architectural design or artistic representation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > distance or farness > [noun] > that which is distant > a remote part > of a surface or outline

recession1753

1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty xii. 101 Planes or flat surfaces..have their appearances of recession perfected by the first species of retiring shades.

1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing i. 44 Those degrees of light and dark which arise from difference of local colour, or from recession in distance.

1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 6 The expansion given to his face by the heightening of his forehead in the recession of his grey hair.

1984 Artist Sept. 12/3 What counts is recession, one tone behind another like the flats in a theatre.

2000 R. King Brunelleschi's Dome (2001) iv. 35 Perspective is the method of representing three-dimensional objects in recession on a two-dimensional surface.

b. A cavity or depression; a recess; a receding part or indentation in the line of a natural feature or object, such as a rock, coastline, etc. Cf. recess n. 8.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hollow or depression > [noun]

pathOE

slackc1400

navela1425

trough1513

nook1555

falling1565

swale1584

hella1653

depression1665

holl1701

sag1727

dip1783

recession1799

holler1845

sike1859

sitch1888

sulcus1901

1799 C. B. Brown Edgar Huntly II. xv. 139 I found somewhat that seemed like a recession in the wall. It was possible that this was the top of the cavity.

1870 J. Ruskin Lect. Art v. 126 The solid forms of an object, that is to say, the projections or recessions of its surface within the outline.

1878 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 1877–8 6 6 This part of the Irish coast is a succession of promontories and recessions.

1916 Outing Nov. 216/2 One may reach a recession in the rock which makes a lovely arm chair.

1941 Geogr. Jrnl. 97 372 There is a recession near the point, and accumulation follows in the bay as the coastline swings round to face more easterly.

1981 I. J. Bach Guide to Chicago's Hist. Suburbs 725 Stepback, a recession in a wall or along a gable that suggests a step.

2000 M. Summa et al. Hist. Easton ii. 25 On the Bushkill Creek..was once a sizable cavern. Through time and tide, it has now become a minor recession in the rock.

a. Originally and chiefly Economics. A reduction or decrease in value or amount.

ΚΠ

1847 Guardian 2 Oct. 8/3 As is usual when a recession of price succeeds a series of advances, the amount of business done was under average.

1887 Manufacturer & Builder 19 99 The recent recession in prices which has taken place..is a most encouraging evidence that our manufacturers are fully conscious of the danger that threatens.

1910 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 24 563 These new laws..indicate no recession in arbitration legislation in Australasia.

1962 J. C. Carr & W. Taplin Hist. Brit. Steel Industry xx. 187 The import problem had been heralded quite early in the year by a sharp recession in prices in the United States.

1991 Banker Sept. 39/1 Producers are worried that the current recession in prices will last much longer than previous lulls.

b. Economics. A period of economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.According to one commonly used economic indicator, identified by a fall in a country's gross domestic product for two consecutive quarters.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > states or trends of the economy

inflation1821

economic cycle1832

recovery1843

downdraught1852

perfect competition1853

downturn1858

softness1872

slump1888

downtrend1890

sag1891

under-consumption1895

recession1905

downdrift1906

economic recession1908

air pocket1913

stickiness1913

trough1916

deflation1920

downswing1922

slowdown1922

scissors1924

scissors crisis1925

uptrend1926

reflation1932

depresh1933

upswing1934

stagnation1938

countercycle1944

fiscal cliff1957

turn-down1957

stagflation1965

soft landing1973

slumpflation1974

downer1976

1905 Iowa Recorder 18 Jan. 1/1 The year of 1903 was one of recession in the business world. The bottom was knocked out of the speculative craze which had seized the country.

1930 Engineering 3 Jan. 21/2 The paramount problem is now whether this recession is yet at an end.

1958 Spectator 30 May 676/2 This is partly due to the continued inability of the United States to pull itself out of recession.

1976 F. Zweig New Acquisitive Society ii. iii. 99 The private sector, particularly in the throes of recession, is limited in its ability to pay by the discipline of the market system.

1996 Daily Tel. 11 Apr. 16/1 Germany is heading for a second consecutive quarterly drop in Gross Domestic Product which..is the definition of a recession.

2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 25 Nov. iv. 1/4 The evidence is now building that an ugly recession is inevitable... When the United States sneezes the rest of the world gets the cold.

Compounds

recession buster n. a price, industry, action, etc., which ameliorates the effects of an economic recession, or which remains unaffected by a recession; frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1958 Times Record (Troy, N.Y.) 22 May 21 (advt.) We show the way again with even lower ‘recession buster’ prices.

1994 Investors Chron. 28 Jan. 22/1 While ‘recession-buster’ stocks such as discounters and game-software producers have been tumbling, blue chips, telecoms and multi-media have been gaining momentum.

2001 San Jose (Calif.) Mercury (Nexis) 11 Mar. 6 c Tax bracket adjustments for 2001 would save individuals up to $180 and couples $360—not exactly a recession-buster.

recession-proof adj. (of a business, market, etc.) unaffected by economic recession.

ΚΠ

1939 Mansfield (Ohio) News Jrnl. 23 Feb. 6/1 He [sc. the president of a company] said their concern had shown itself ‘depression and recession proof’.

1981 Economist 24 Jan. 51/2 The decade ended for Ireland with its markets widened and its economy diversified by an assortment of small but relatively recession-proof industries.

2004 N.Y. Mag. 22 Aug. 41/1 When the economy softened, when a recession beckoned..Big Money has bought Big Pharma because nothing's more recession-proof than drug-company earnings.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	recession
释义	recessionn.¹ Brit. /rᵻˈsɛʃn/, U.S. /rəˈsɛʃ(ə)n/, /riˈsɛʃ(ə)n/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin recessiōn-, recessiō. Etymology: < classical Latin recessiōn-, recessiō action of going back, withdrawal (Vitruvius), in post-classical Latin also (of a fever) remission (8th cent. in a British source), backwards movement of time (14th cent. in a British source) < recess- , past participial stem of recēdere recede v.¹ + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian recessione (1640). †1. A temporary suspension of work or activity (also as a mass noun); = recess n. 5. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] steadc1000 leathc1175 abiding1340 broklinga1400 pausation1422 pausing1440 interceasingc1450 suspensing?1504 suspending1524 intermission1526 leathing1535 suspensationc1571 intercession1572 suspense1584 abeyance1593 suspension1603 recession1606 interruption1607 recess1620 intercision1625 intercessation1659 intermittency1662 pretermission1677 break1689 cess1703 intermittence1796 1606 R. Bowyer Diary 9 Dec. in Parl. Diary (1931) 204 By reason of the Feast approaching, this Assembly is of Necessity to have a Recession. 1634 R. Powell Life of Alfred 65 Each of them wayted a moneth by turnes, and then had two moneths recession for their ease. 1652 R. Brathwait Suppl. in Times Treasury 12 A Recession or Diversion from imployment leaves the mind to talke with it selfe, without bestowing it selfe on any usefull designe, publike or private. 2. a. Chiefly Medicine. The relief or remission of (a disease, symptoms, etc.); the diminution or decline of (a faculty, function, etc.). Also: an instance of this. Later occasionally in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [noun] > going away specifically of a thing > of a quality recession?1608 ?1608 S. Lennard tr. P. Charron Of Wisdome ii. i. 227 The passions are..but the furious reboundings, accessions and recessions [Fr. recés] of follie. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. vi. 75 Sleep..is a recession of the heat inward with a naturall kind of circumobsistence. 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed iv. 419 Death is nothing else but the privation or recession of life. 1762 C. Bisset Med. Constit. Great Brit. ii. 16 A long uniform course of warm or sultry weather..occasions a general recession of the inflammatory disposition. 1795 Med. Commentaries for 1794 Decade 2nd 10 144 The unfavourable signs were, an increase of muscular debility..and a gradual recession of heat from the surface of the body. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 801/2 The recession of heat from the limbs was noticed by Hippocrates. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 304 In some cases the recession of mental function is not on physiological lines. 1921 W. J. Highman Dermatology 415 The recession of the disease occurs in alternating waves of recrudescence, and quiescence. 1940 W. F. Ogburn & M. F.Nimkoff Sociology 508 If..the population should decrease because of a falling birth rate,..would a recession of optimism occur? 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 7 Mar. 531/2 The fetal bradycardia developed with the onset of anesthesia, only to disappear with the recession of maternal analgesia. 1995 Economist 8 July (Vietnam Surv. Suppl.) 4/1 It was too..late to avoid the planetary recession of communism. 2004 C. Balmaceda & J. Rossi in M. J. Legato & J. P. Bilezikian Princ. Gender-specific Med. II. vii. lxii. 678/2 Many patients experience a recession of symptoms with parturition. b. The action or an act of departing from some state, standard, or mindset; disaffiliation from an association, agreement, etc. Also: an instance of this.In quot. 1614: a return to a previously established state. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > [noun] > desertion of one's party or principles recreandisea1425 declining1526 declination1533 back-turning1535 defect1540 revoltc1576 falling off1577 apostasy1578 tergiversation1583 declension1597 recreancy1602 starting1602 recreantness1611 recession1614 turncoating1624 recreancea1632 diffidation1640 withdrawment1640 tergiversating1654 turning1665 ratting1789 renegadism1823 turncoatery1841 defection1884 turncoatism1889 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > [noun] > avoiding an action or condition > turning aside from a course of action divagation1560 swaya1586 deviation1603 deflection1605 recess1605 recession1614 exit1615 non-residence1615 exorbitancy1623 exorbitancea1628 exorbitationa1628 aberrancy1646 aberrance1661 variationa1662 departurea1694 resilience1838 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World sig. E4^v As in the Naturall priuation their is no recession to habit; so it is seldome seene in the priuation politique. 1641 W. Montagu Coppy of Let. 8 Even your displeasure (which I may apprehend upon this mis-interpreted occasion) shall never give me any of the least recession from my duty. 1652 W. Brough Preservative against Schisme in Sacred Princ. 10 There is no sin nor Schism in our Recession from them. 1695 J. Sage Fund. Charter Presbytery v. 360 The disusing of the Lords Prayer..is a late Innovation, as well as a Recession from the Pattern of our Reformers. a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) X. 301 His [sc. Christ's] whole life went in a constant recession from his own rights. 1758 S. Johnson Idler 25 Nov. 265 All this is a..temporary recession from the realities of life to airy fictions. 1823 Ld. Byron Let. 10 Mar. (1980) X. 120 No recession will take place on my part from ‘the Liberal’ without serious consideration with your brother. 1847 M. Crotty Narr. of Reformation at Birr (1850) v. 199 Our recession from the Church of Rome was neither owing to a love of division, not without just cause. 1859 J. Cumming Ruth iii. 41 He may leave us..to taste the bitterness of our recession so far and so criminally from Him. 1906 W. C. Mackenzie Short Hist. Sc. Highlands & Isles 290 The gradual recession of the clergy of the Established Church from the rigour of Calvinism. 1931 H. G. Wells Work, Wealth & Happiness Mankind I. iv. 201 Trotsky and Zinovieff protested in 1927 against the gradual recession from socialist ideals. 1966 L. D. Crow et al. Educating Culturally Disadvantaged Child 29 A recession from the normal standards of a sound society. 2001 D. V. Porpora Landscapes of Soul iv. 156 We speak of the lack of a moral ontology or of a recession from transcendental horizons. 3. The action or fact of receding or moving away. a. The action or an act of receding from a place or point; withdrawal; movement apart or away. In later use chiefly figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [noun] departing?c1225 partingc1300 withdrawingc1315 departc1330 wendingc1330 outpassinga1387 goinga1400 discessc1425 departisona1450 departmentc1450 going awayc1450 departition1470 departurec1515 recess1531 avoidance1563 parture1567 waygate1575 departance1579 exit1596 remotion1608 voiding1612 recession1630 recedence1641 recede1649 partment1663 recedure1712 leaving1719 off-going1727 quittance1757 departal1823 pull-out1825 pull-awaya1829 1630 W. Basse Helpe to Memory & Disc. 53 After death (as Diuinity will tell vs) the soule goes either to ioy or paine, from whence there is no recession. a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) ix. vi. 419 Neither were it a Happiness worth the having, for a Mind,..by a recession into it self, to spend an Eternity in self-converse. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 144 The Sun..plying them always alike without any annual Recession or Intermission. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. Notes 15 Particles mutually recede from and approach each other reciprocally; at the times of their recession from each other the body becomes enlarged in bulk. 1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xxvii. 270 She seemed to recede. I drew nearer: her recession, still silent, became swift. 1879 R. A. Proctor Pleasant Ways Sci. iv. 99 The method shows no signs of approach or recession in the moon's case. 1911 F. J. Cannon Under Prophet in Utah ii. 46 My father believed that if he left Utah, his recession might tend to placate the government. 1936 ‘R. West’ Thinking Reed 26 The shy recession of a votary of love taking the veil. 1944 P. Larkin Let. 16 Apr. in Sel. Lett. (1992) 87 I aim at increased negativeness, a kind of infinite recession in the face of the world. 2005 C. Villeneuve in S. Duangsamosorn et al. Re-imagining Lang. & Lit. for 21st Cent. 360 The only one who sees Justin's absorption of English and his recession into a world of fantasy as a ‘crisis of identity’. b. A setting or going back in time; a delay. Hence: the passing (of time). Also as a mass noun. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > [noun] > going back in time or backward move recession1646 retrospectivity1797 hark back1798 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 317 They must..endure anticipation and recession from the moveable condition of their causes. View more context for this quotation 1830 C. M. Sedgwick Clarence II. xiii. 239 We have been compelled to repeated recession, and long as it may appear since we left him..the time seemed to him short as a blissful dream. a1876 M. Collins Thoughts in Garden (1880) II. 290 Has there really been a recession of the seasons, so that summer comes later every year? 1937 M. F. Cleugh Time i. vii. 151 The recession into the past of the ‘now’. 1970 H. E. French Of Rivers & Sea 88 It is useful to realize that there is a daily recession of time of tide. 2001 V. Gorman Miletos 7 More distant events become increasingly more and more fantastic with the recession of time. c. Astronomy. = precession n.² 1a. Chiefly in recession of the equinoxes (cf. precession of the equinoxes at precession n.² 1a). Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > great circle > ecliptic > cardinal points > precession of equinoxes precession1594 recession1682 retrogression1794 1682 J. Flamsteed Gresham Lect. (1975) 285 It will be requisite to shew y^u how they come to alter theire Longitudes annually by the recession of the Earths æquinoctiall points. 1759 B. Martin Philosophia Britannica (ed. 2) III. xi. 224 By this Recession of the Equinox it will..cause that the Sun shall arrive to the Equinox, or first Point of Aries, before his Revolution is compleated. 1787 J. Richardson Key to Geogr. viii. v. 149 The Aberration of the Earth's Axis, round the Pole of the Ecliptic (called the Precession or Recession of the Equinoxes). 1868 Sci. Amer. 18 Jan. 36/3 The true and only cause of precession, rather recession of the equinoxes. 1960 Isis 51 526 He [sc. Faraday (c1810)] referred throughout to the recession of the Equinox. d. Physical Geography. The withdrawal of the sea from a shoreline; the retreat of a shoreline as a result of a change in the level of the sea or the land. Also: the process or phenomenon by which a natural feature such as a glacier, waterfall, or escarpment recedes over time as a result of natural processes (such as erosion or glacial melting).Quot. a1703 concerns the global distribution of water under the influence of the earth's motion, rather than its relation to the land. ΚΠ a1703 R. Hooke Disc. Earthquakes in Posthumous Wks. (1705) 355 Such a motion must cause a recession of the Sea from the Polar parts towards the Æquinoctial.] 1746 tr. H. Boerhaave Acad. Lect. Theory Physic V. 403 The Springs may be infected with a Saltness left in the Earth, after the recession of the Sea. 1778 tr. A. Fortis Trav. into Dalmatia 106 You..were plentifully furnished with examples..of the beds of rivers changed; of the encroachments, and recessions of the sea. 1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. x. 167 Gradual recession of the cataracts of Niagara. 1839 J. Murray Hand-bk. for Travellers in Switzerland (new ed.) 415 The advance and recession of the glaciers seem to depend upon the seasons. 1901 Science 4 Oct. 538/1 The recession of the shore line is rapid, in some cases several feet a year. 1925 Cent. Mag. Jan. 340/1 There remains in the soil some beautiful sleek sea-thing caught by the recession of the waters. 1937 S. W. Wooldridge & R. S. Morgan Physical Basis Geogr. xv. 220 The rate of upstream recession of knickpoints will evidently vary with the character of rocks eroded. 2004 P. D. Komar in M. A. Hampton & G. B. Griggs Formation, Evolution, & Stability Coastal Cliffs 76 Subaerial processes..become important for the recession of the cliff during the long periods of time. e. Movement of a part of the body away (typically inwards or backwards) from its normal position; esp. withdrawal of the gum from the neck of a tooth; an instance of this. Later also: surgical displacement of a part posteriorly or inwards. Now chiefly Dentistry and Surgery. ΚΠ 1827 Lancet 7 Apr. 11/1 In the abdomen and chest, the soft and flexible parts follow by the effect of the pressure of the atmosphere, the recession of the internal organs. 1835 G. Waite Gums 132 When the action of mercurials has been resorted to in order to eradicate disease contracted in youth.., we have recession of the gum and of the sockets of the teeth. 1863 Med. Times & Gaz. 24 Jan. 85/2 There is recession of all the soft parts (supra-sternal and clavicular, intercostal spaces and ensiform region) during respiration. 1922 P. C. Jameson in Trans. Amer. Ophthalmol. Soc. 20 166 (title) Correction of squint by muscle recession with scleral suturing. 1926 People's Home Jrnl. Feb. 26/3 A catarrhal condition about the margin of the gums causes their recession and while bacteria may be the predisposing cause..it can be greatly increased by acid foods, tartar formation, and carelessness in brushing the teeth regularly. 1962 G. C. Blake & J. R. Trott Periodontol. iv. 53 Gingival recession of this type is so universal that it may be considered normal so long as it is not accompanied by inflammation. 1972 Current Probl. Surg. Nov. 40 At 6 months of age, the infant under discussion here was returned for recession of the clitoris and plastic repair of the vagina. 2001 Independent 15 May ii. 7/2 These six words invariably signal an unlovely discussion about impotence, piles, gum recession or pension plans. f. Phonetics. The transference of accentuation towards or on to the first syllable of a word. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > accent > stress accent > specific rhetorical accent1728 suppression1751 recession1855 thought accent1897 stress maximum1908 fall-rise1921 promotion1956 paroxytonization1973 1855 M. H. Bresslau Hebrew & Eng. Dict. xx. 63 Of course this recession of the accent on the ultimate regularly takes place when the following word is a monosyllable. 1886 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 7 ii. 246 A tendency existed to recession from the end of the word. 1929 S.P.E. Tract (Soc. for Pure Eng.) No. XXXII. 388 This condition, which lightens the syllable, allows and even invites loss and recession of accent. 1957 W. Beare Lat. Verse & European Song 157 Harsh considers the problem propounded by Bentley as to whether elision may result in recession of accent. 1994 A. M. Devine & L. D. Stephens Prosody of Greek Speech iii. 102 Recession of the Greek acute accent is constrained by the weight of the final syllable of the word. g. A return procession, esp. as part of a religious service; (Christian Church) the withdrawing procession of the clergy and choir to the vestry at the close of a service. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > procession precessiona1400 ganging1540 procession1544 processioning1593 perahera1681 processional1820 recession1868 1868 M. E. C. Walcott Sacred Archæol. 473 In a procession to the altar, in reverse order to that of the recession, first went the verger. 1874 L. W. Church From Plough to Pulpit via Cambr. 240 When the recession of the clergy took place, Jonah thought the service had concluded. 1914 W. M. Sloane Balkans 29 He performed public worship at the ceremony of the selamlik in a pompous procession and recession to and from the near-by mosque. 1948 C. C. Rasmussen What about Scandinavia? 185 There is, in the regular service, neither procession nor recession. The choir is located in a balcony in the rear of the auditorium. 1972 H. E. Horn Worship in Crisis 152 Whoever wants to celebrate the day with a joyful hymn comes out of his place in the congregation and joins the choir and ministers in procession or recession. 1993 Bride's All New Bk. Etiquette 147 In a Jewish recession, you and your groom will be followed up the aisle first by your parents. 2007 Common Worship (Church of Eng.) 167 The bishop wears his mitre and holds his pastoral staff for the Blessing and the recession. h. Astronomy. The motion of a celestial object away from the earth, esp. that of an object outside our galaxy attributed to the expansion of the universe. Also attributive, esp. in recession velocity.Quot. 1841 refers to motion across the field of view (proper motion, rather than radial motion). ΚΠ 1841 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 7 117 I should, perhaps, attribute it to the same optical effect by which Sir J. Herschel..is inclined to explain the apparent recession of the nebula Orionis from the stars of the trapezium situate within it.] 1871 Proc. Royal Soc. 20 384 A recession of the nebula in the line of sight. 1935 Sci. News Let. 21 Dec. 390/1 A new outpost of the universe, a faint nebular galaxy of stars..with recession velocity of 50,000 miles per second was discovered at Mt. Wilson Observatory. 1964 Science 6 Nov. 804/2 Recession of galaxies is proportional to distance. 1981 E. R. Harrison Cosmology x. 215/2 The recession velocity increases with distance and at a certain distance equals the velocity of light. 1991 C. A. Ronan Nat. Hist. Universe 16/1 Light from double stars,..which orbit each other at significant speeds, is neither delayed nor advanced by the approach or recession of the source stars. 2004 Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 22 976 Some astronomers, such as Arp and Hoyle, believe that to connect the red shift to the recession is an error. 4. a. The effect or fact of receding or being recessed, esp. as a feature in architectural design or artistic representation. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > distance or farness > [noun] > that which is distant > a remote part > of a surface or outline recession1753 1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty xii. 101 Planes or flat surfaces..have their appearances of recession perfected by the first species of retiring shades. 1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing i. 44 Those degrees of light and dark which arise from difference of local colour, or from recession in distance. 1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 6 The expansion given to his face by the heightening of his forehead in the recession of his grey hair. 1984 Artist Sept. 12/3 What counts is recession, one tone behind another like the flats in a theatre. 2000 R. King Brunelleschi's Dome (2001) iv. 35 Perspective is the method of representing three-dimensional objects in recession on a two-dimensional surface. b. A cavity or depression; a recess; a receding part or indentation in the line of a natural feature or object, such as a rock, coastline, etc. Cf. recess n. 8. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hollow or depression > [noun] pathOE slackc1400 navela1425 trough1513 nook1555 falling1565 swale1584 hella1653 depression1665 holl1701 sag1727 dip1783 recession1799 holler1845 sike1859 sitch1888 sulcus1901 1799 C. B. Brown Edgar Huntly II. xv. 139 I found somewhat that seemed like a recession in the wall. It was possible that this was the top of the cavity. 1870 J. Ruskin Lect. Art v. 126 The solid forms of an object, that is to say, the projections or recessions of its surface within the outline. 1878 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 1877–8 6 6 This part of the Irish coast is a succession of promontories and recessions. 1916 Outing Nov. 216/2 One may reach a recession in the rock which makes a lovely arm chair. 1941 Geogr. Jrnl. 97 372 There is a recession near the point, and accumulation follows in the bay as the coastline swings round to face more easterly. 1981 I. J. Bach Guide to Chicago's Hist. Suburbs 725 Stepback, a recession in a wall or along a gable that suggests a step. 2000 M. Summa et al. Hist. Easton ii. 25 On the Bushkill Creek..was once a sizable cavern. Through time and tide, it has now become a minor recession in the rock. 5. a. Originally and chiefly Economics. A reduction or decrease in value or amount. ΚΠ 1847 Guardian 2 Oct. 8/3 As is usual when a recession of price succeeds a series of advances, the amount of business done was under average. 1887 Manufacturer & Builder 19 99 The recent recession in prices which has taken place..is a most encouraging evidence that our manufacturers are fully conscious of the danger that threatens. 1910 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 24 563 These new laws..indicate no recession in arbitration legislation in Australasia. 1962 J. C. Carr & W. Taplin Hist. Brit. Steel Industry xx. 187 The import problem had been heralded quite early in the year by a sharp recession in prices in the United States. 1991 Banker Sept. 39/1 Producers are worried that the current recession in prices will last much longer than previous lulls. b. Economics. A period of economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.According to one commonly used economic indicator, identified by a fall in a country's gross domestic product for two consecutive quarters. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > states or trends of the economy inflation1821 economic cycle1832 recovery1843 downdraught1852 perfect competition1853 downturn1858 softness1872 slump1888 downtrend1890 sag1891 under-consumption1895 recession1905 downdrift1906 economic recession1908 air pocket1913 stickiness1913 trough1916 deflation1920 downswing1922 slowdown1922 scissors1924 scissors crisis1925 uptrend1926 reflation1932 depresh1933 upswing1934 stagnation1938 countercycle1944 fiscal cliff1957 turn-down1957 stagflation1965 soft landing1973 slumpflation1974 downer1976 1905 Iowa Recorder 18 Jan. 1/1 The year of 1903 was one of recession in the business world. The bottom was knocked out of the speculative craze which had seized the country. 1930 Engineering 3 Jan. 21/2 The paramount problem is now whether this recession is yet at an end. 1958 Spectator 30 May 676/2 This is partly due to the continued inability of the United States to pull itself out of recession. 1976 F. Zweig New Acquisitive Society ii. iii. 99 The private sector, particularly in the throes of recession, is limited in its ability to pay by the discipline of the market system. 1996 Daily Tel. 11 Apr. 16/1 Germany is heading for a second consecutive quarterly drop in Gross Domestic Product which..is the definition of a recession. 2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 25 Nov. iv. 1/4 The evidence is now building that an ugly recession is inevitable... When the United States sneezes the rest of the world gets the cold. Compounds recession buster n. a price, industry, action, etc., which ameliorates the effects of an economic recession, or which remains unaffected by a recession; frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1958 Times Record (Troy, N.Y.) 22 May 21 (advt.) We show the way again with even lower ‘recession buster’ prices. 1994 Investors Chron. 28 Jan. 22/1 While ‘recession-buster’ stocks such as discounters and game-software producers have been tumbling, blue chips, telecoms and multi-media have been gaining momentum. 2001 San Jose (Calif.) Mercury (Nexis) 11 Mar. 6 c Tax bracket adjustments for 2001 would save individuals up to $180 and couples $360—not exactly a recession-buster. recession-proof adj. (of a business, market, etc.) unaffected by economic recession. ΚΠ 1939 Mansfield (Ohio) News Jrnl. 23 Feb. 6/1 He [sc. the president of a company] said their concern had shown itself ‘depression and recession proof’. 1981 Economist 24 Jan. 51/2 The decade ended for Ireland with its markets widened and its economy diversified by an assortment of small but relatively recession-proof industries. 2004 N.Y. Mag. 22 Aug. 41/1 When the economy softened, when a recession beckoned..Big Money has bought Big Pharma because nothing's more recession-proof than drug-company earnings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). recessionn.² Brit. /rᵻˈsɛʃn/, U.S. /rəˈsɛʃ(ə)n/, /riˈsɛʃ(ə)n/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, cession n. Etymology: < re- prefix + cession n., after re-cede v.² The action of ceding back; a territory that has been ceded back. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > giving back or restitution > [noun] > of territory retrocession1714 recession1832 1832 Edinb. Encycl. (U.S. ed.) XVIII. 325/1 The contingency of the recession to France failing, was so far from taking place, that..active preparations were making in the ports of France to take possession. 1832 Edinb. Encycl. (U.S. ed.) XVIII. 326/2 When France obtained the recession, both parties understood by Louisiana..to mean that the eastern boundary was to be the Perdido. 1863 H. H. Brownell North & South Amer. Illustr. II. 187 The recession to England of the territories of the New Netherlands, after a brief possession by the Dutch. 1890 Cent. Mag. Jan. 475/2 A bill for the recession [of the Yosemite Valley] to the United States. 1924 T. F. Millard Confl. of Policies in Asia vi. 246 The recession to China or the readjustment of all concessions now claimed under old agreements by foreign interests. 1982 C. W. Allin Politics of Wilderness Preserv. ii. 39 A firm commitment on the part of Roosevelt to support the recession to the United States of California's Yosemite grant. 1997 Daily Tel. 25 June 18/5 The only questions were: When and under what terms would recession [of Hong Kong to China] take place? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1606n.²1832
随便看	nitrometal nitrometer nitrometers nitromethane nitromethanes nitromuriate nitromuriatic nitromuriatic acid nitron nitronaphthalene nitrone nitroneutral nitronium nitroparaffin nitroparaffins nitrophenasic nitrophenasic acid nitrophenesic nitrophenesic acid nitrophenisic nitrophenisic acid nitrophenol nitrophile nitrophilic nitrophilous

recessionn.1

Compounds

recessionn.2

recessionn.¹

recessionn.²