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单词 reasonable
释义

reasonableadj.n.adv.

Brit. /ˈriːzn̩əbl/, /ˈriːz(ə)nəbl/, U.S. /ˈrizn̩əb(ə)l/, /ˈriznəb(ə)l/
Forms: Middle English rasonabylle, Middle English raysonnable, Middle English reasonabl, Middle English reesonable, Middle English reisonable, Middle English resenable, Middle English resenabul, Middle English resnable, Middle English resnabyle, Middle English resnabyll, Middle English resonabel, Middle English resonabele, Middle English resonabil, Middle English resonabile, Middle English resonabill, Middle English resonabl, Middle English resonabull, Middle English resonabyle, Middle English resonabyll, Middle English resonnable, Middle English resonnabyl, Middle English resounable, Middle English ressnable, Middle English resunable, Middle English resunnabil, Middle English resunnabyl, Middle English resynabull, Middle English reyssonnabule, Middle English rosonable (perhaps transmission error), Middle English–1500s (1900s– Irish English (northern)) raisonable, Middle English–1600s resonable, Middle English– reasonable, 1500s reasnable, 1500s resnabull, 1500s resonabul, 1500s ressonabill, 1500s ressonable, 1500s resunnable, 1500s resunnabull, 1500s rezonable; Scottish pre-1700 rasonabil, pre-1700 rasonabill, pre-1700 rasonable, pre-1700 rasonabyll, pre-1700 reasonabill, pre-1700 reasounable, pre-1700 reassonabill, pre-1700 reassonable, pre-1700 reassonaybill, pre-1700 reosanabill, pre-1700 resinable, pre-1700 resionabyll, pre-1700 resonabble, pre-1700 resonabil, pre-1700 resonabile, pre-1700 resonabill, pre-1700 resonable, pre-1700 resonabyl, pre-1700 resounable, pre-1700 ressanabil, pre-1700 ressionabill, pre-1700 ressionable, pre-1700 ressonabell, pre-1700 ressonabile, pre-1700 ressonabill, pre-1700 ressonabille, pre-1700 ressonable, pre-1700 ressonabyle, pre-1700 ressonabyll, pre-1700 ressoneble, pre-1700 ressounabill, pre-1700 ressounable, pre-1700 1700s– reasonable, pre-1700 1900s– raisonable, 1800s rezzinable, 1800s rizzonable, 1800s– rizzenable, 1900s– riznible.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French resonable, raisonable, reesnable.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman resonable, reisonable, raisunable, resunable, reisunable, resunnable, etc., Anglo-Norman and Middle French raisonable, raisonnable, Middle French resonnable, ressonnable, etc. (French raisonnable ), alteration (after raison , etc. reason n.1) of Anglo-Norman reesnable, Anglo-Norman and Old French raisnable, resnable, reisnable (also Anglo-Norman reinable , reignable reinnable , renable , Anglo-Norman and Old French rainable , reidnable , rednable : see renable adj.) eloquent (12th cent.), endowed with the faculty of reason, rational (12th cent.), sufficient, suitable, acceptable, appropriate, legitimate (12th cent.), (in legal use) admissible, correct according to law (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), guided by reason, following reason, conforming to the principle of good sense, just, fair, impartial (c1300), probably partly < raison , etc. reason n.1 + -able -able suffix, partly < Anglo-Norman raisner , Old French raisnier to reason (see reason v.) + -able -able suffix, and partly < classical Latin ratiōnābilis rationable adj.1 Compare post-classical Latin resonabilis (from 1312 in British sources), Old Occitan razonivol , Catalan raonable (14th cent.), Spanish razonable (14th cent.), Portuguese razoavel (14th cent.), Italian ragionevole (late 13th cent.). Compare slightly earlier renable adj. and later rationable adj.1With reasonable aid n. at Compounds 2 compare Anglo-Norman resonable aide (late 13th cent. or earlier).
A. adj.
1. Within the limits of what it would be rational or sensible to expect; not extravagant or excessive; moderate.
a. Of amount, size, or number, or of a thing with respect to these properties.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > moderateness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective]
evenlya1200
methefully?c1225
renable?1305
reasonablea1325
measurablec1330
skillwisea1340
moderatea1398
temperate1398
meetlya1400
measurablyc1450
rationablec1475
competent1535
midway1573
modest1582
sober1619
medious1657
slack1662
meeverly1819
low key1941
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) i. 4 Þe witare of þe londe of suech heir þat is wiþinne age ne sal noȝt nime of is londe bote resonable issue, ant resonable custume, and resonables seruices.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 523 (MED) Gos into my vyne, dotȝ þat ȝe conne..What resonabele hyre be naȝt be runne, I yow pray [read pay] in dede & þoȝte.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §362 I speke this for the synne of superfluitee & nat for resonable honestetee.
?c1430 (a1400) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 200 Men and wymmen schulden..lyven in..resonable..abstynence of mete.
c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) ii. A. 2373 (MED) Who that can in a meane haue suffisaunce And holde hym content with resonable expens.
1504 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 98 I wyll that J. P. shall by my house..for xl li...to be payd in resonabyll yeerys as he can agre wt myn executors.
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 9 Rent corne to be paid, for a reasnable rent.
1614 W. Lithgow Most Delectable Disc. Peregrination vi. 256 Nothing will sinke into it, of any reasonable weight.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler ii. 41 I long to be doing; no reasonable hedge or ditch shall hold me. View more context for this quotation
1755 Connoisseur No. 68. 407 The old lady had the hardiness to squint at the sum total, and declared ‘it was pretty reasonable considering’.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 206 Doing a great service on reasonable terms to the Church of which he was a member.
1895 Bookman Oct. 25/2 A straightforward, readable narrative in a very reasonable compass.
1962 H. D. Huskey & G. A. Korn Computer Handbk. xvii. 19 If memory space is not a problem the input information can be reduced to reasonable size by devising a generator code which..can produce the linear code.
1988 Nature 8 Sept. 147 (caption) To minimize the influence of the lateral boundaries on the jet flow at reasonable computational cost, ratioed zones were used.
2006 P. Woit Not even Wrong iii. 38 In order to give a version of this story of reasonable length several gross simplifications have been made.
b. Of a request, desire, wish, or need.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > moderateness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > specifically of demands, estimates, etc.
reasonable1391
modest1601
1391 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1862) IV. 163 Hym thocht his request was resounable.
1418 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 293 (MED) The whiche supplicacion vs semeþ resonable.
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 337 (MED) I am he þat graunte to þe axer his resonable axyng.
1561 N. Winȝet Cert. Tractates in Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 4 Our ressonable desyris being knawin.
1581 J. Hamilton Catholik Traictise Epist. f. 5 This demand appeiret sa ressonabill to sum, yat thay could not reiect the same.
1633 in A. Peterkin Rec. Kirk Scotl. (1838) I. 48/1 Our just griuances and resonable petitions.
1710 E. Ward Life Don Quixote iii. xii. 220 Why truly, Madam, (cries the Priest) 'Tis but a reasonable Request.
1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds iv. 55 The reasonable wishes of the whole people.
1882 A. W. Ward Dickens iv. 91 He never had a reasonable want which he could not and did not satisfy.
1902 W. H. Chantrey Theatre Accounts 73 All reasonable requirements from time to time made by the Manager.
1995 Classic Critters: Rare Breeds Mag. Summer 44/2 Since embryos cost $1,000 each and each recipient doe is implanted with two embryos, being present at kidding is a reasonable desire.
c. Of a price, or of a commodity with respect to its price.In quot. 1805 with reference to the cost of living in a particular place.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > low price or rate > [adjective] > cheap > inexpensive
reasonable1585
uncostly1638
unexpensive1642
expenseless1644
affordable1647
frugal1783
inexpensive1837
low-cost1885
1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. 21 After death at a reasonable prise they may purchase rest for their soules.
a1625 Pageant of Ioseph in Stonyhurst Pageants (1920) 11 Take what you will, leaue what you list, the price shal be but reasonable.
1667 J. Collins Let. 2 Feb. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 471 Mr. Stephens..will undertake it when paper is more reasonable.
1805 W. Irving in Life & Lett. (1864) I. 148 This part of Paris is tranquil and reasonable.
1885 Field 3 Oct. 502/2 Feeding materials..are unusually reasonable just now.
1926 Catal. School Suppl. English (Oxford Univ. Press: Amer. Branch) 1 Plain Texts..in clear print. The prices are the most reasonable in the Catalogue.
1971 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 10 Oct. 8/2 Oranges..are reasonable from now until spring.
1992 Chicago Feb. 30/3 The Clearwater may not have the world's best sightlines, but cover and drink prices are reasonable.
†2. Proportionate. Also with to. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > [adjective] > that is in due proportion or proportionate
reasonable1348
proportionala1398
proportionatea1398
proportionable?a1425
attemperate1485
measured1561
measurable1563
answerable1567
symmetral1660
adequal1678
proportionative1949
1348 in C. Welch Hist. Pewterers of London (1902) I. 3 (MED) Pottes rounde..to be wrouȝte of tyn with an alay of lede to a resonable mesure, and the mesure of the alay of an c tyn is xxvj lb. lede.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 132 (MED) The kynges officers bryngen to thair houses euery yere, also moche salte as by thair coniecture is ressnable to the nombre off þe men, women, and childeren that dwellen therin.
1546 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 51 The said Dame Marioun to haue ane ressonable terce of Eglintoun.
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. xvi. 333 There remained Tenements, out of which a reasonable Terce might remain to the Relict, according to her quality.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 492 The shares of the wife and children was called their reasonable parts, and the writ de rationabili parte bonorum was given to recover it.
3. Having the faculty of reason, capable of reasoning; = rational adj. 1a. Now rare.
a. Of the soul or intellectual powers. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > [adjective]
wittyc1300
reasonablec1350
skillwise1357
skilfulc1380
rationala1398
rationablec1480
reasonedc1487
logicala1652
c1350 Athanasian Creed (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) 195 (MED) He is parfit God, parfit man, beand of resonable soule & of mannes flesshe.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 20 A soule is a substaunce lyuynge, symple & bodiles..resonable, intellectual, wiþoute schap of lymes.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 120 (MED) Boþe her heerynge & oþere..wittis ben troublid..also resonable [L. rationalis] vertues, for þei speken in deuyn & answeren whanne þei ben nouȝt I-askide.
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 45 (MED) In his slepe he was raueshid from his resonable wyttys.
a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 92 (MED) A man is made of..þre myȝtis touchynge the sowle: scilicet, resonable, concupiscencible, and yrascible.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 28 Some sayd that man was no thyng els but hys resonabul soule.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 54 My reasonable part produces reason How I may be deliuer'd of these woes. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 81 Their vnderstanding Begins to swell, and the approching tide Will shortly fill the reasonable shore. View more context for this quotation
1647 Humble Advice Assembly of Divines conc. Shorter Catech. (new ed.) 11 Christ..became man, by taking to himself a true body and reasonable soul.
1736 S. Chandler Hist. Persecution Introd. 2 Every Man is bound..to make the best use he can of his reasonable powers.
1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. xix. 169 That certain very thin, subtle, and very fragrant juice which Coglionissimo Borri, the great Milaneze physician..affirms to be the principal seat of the reasonable soul.
1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. iii. 142 The reasonable soul..in mankind is not numerically one.
1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen I. xv. 250 When a reasonable soul is smitten by hesitation and feels that it is possible for even a habitual wrongdoer to be for once in the right, it takes the strength out of all effort.
1985 C. Sirat Hist. Jewish Philos. in Middle Ages viii. 286 Like all the other forms that matter can receive, the reasonable soul, which carries the potential intellect, is generated and corruptible.
b. Of a person or living thing. Frequently in reasonable creature (also †beast).
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. xviii. 318 A man..is not iset ouer resonabil beestis but ouer vnresona[b]le bestis.
c1400 tr. Aelred of Rievaulx De Institutione Inclusarum (Vernon) (1984) 30 (MED) Among alle resonable creatures þise beþ foles..in þe whyche..wyl and lust dureþ in hem of stench of synne.
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) v. pr. iv. l. 4809 Man is a resonable t[w]o-footid beest.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 81v (MED) Among alle manere of beestis man is holden moost resonable and moost noble.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 60 Or lang tyme be gane, thare sall men yat ar callit resonable, do mare bestly dedis.
1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) Prol. sig. a.i Every creature resonable vnto whome god hath gyuen mynde & understandynge.
1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 8v Man, a reasonable creature, whose dignity doth come so neere the Angels.
1650 Bp. J. Taylor Rule & Exercises Holy Living i. 9 Let your imployment be such as may become a reasonable person.
1678 A. Seller Devout Communicant (ed. 4) App. 263 The distinguishing goodness of the great and holy God..in making me a reasonable Creature, his Servant, his Son.
1725 I. Watts Logick iii. ii. §5 If every Creature be reasonable, every Brute is reasonable.
1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 130 For man is by nature reasonable.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xvi. 255 You ought to educate your slaves, and treat them like reasonable creatures.
1902 Carter-Higginson tr. Epictetus in W. James Varieties Relig. Experience xix. 474 But since I am a reasonable creature, it is my duty to praise God.
1988 T. Brown Ireland's Lit. ix. 139 The essentially Swiftian lesson that Man is less a reasonable creature than one capable of reason when the circumstances permit.
4.
a. Of something abstract: in accordance with reason; not irrational, absurd, or ridiculous; just, legitimate; due, fitting.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > [adjective] > in accordance with reason
reasonablea1382
rationablec1475
just1490
rational1531
correct1705
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > [adjective] > being within reason
reasonablea1382
legitimate1809
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xxxii. 3 The thre frendis of hym he dedeynede, forthi that thei hadden not founde a resounable [L. rationabilem] answere.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 26767 (MED) Stedfast and stabil Sal scrift be, þat es resonabil.
a1475 Revelations St. Birgitta (Garrett) (1929) 30 They be lyȝtened with the fyr of the holy goste, whych fyr comyth to the herte when Marie thenkyth it is resonable to serue God.
a1500 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Royal) in G. G. Perry Eng. Prose Treat. (1921) 26 Charite..lith both in loue of God and of thyne evyn cristen, and þere-fore itt is resounable, that he that hath cherite, vse both.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxxv. f. cviii This Pylgryme..layd for hym many resonable excuses, as well for his age as otherwyse.
1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 1 Uppon a reasnable vew of the matter.
1645 J. Winthrop Declar. Former Passages 5 At first the Narrowganset Sachem gave a reasonable and faire answer.
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 8 That ‘God, not chance, made the world, and all creatures, is demonstrable from the reasonable disposition of their parts’.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 169 Something which it was much more reasonable to Worship.
1796 Bp. R. Watson Apol. for Bible 232 So far from this genealogy being a solemn truth, it is not even a reasonable lie.
1858 W. Greener Gunnery in 1858 359 The reasonable assumption would be that this bullet would range a greater distance if projected at the same velocity.
1877 E. R. Conder Basis of Faith i. 3 The conviction would be reasonable, for it would be based upon universal experience.
1920 Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumberland & Durham 5 278 It is a reasonable assumption to make that the apomictical roses are derived from the sexual types.
1990 R. Rendell Going Wrong i. 6 He looked deeply at her, spoke in a slow, measured and reasonable way.
2007 Daily Tel. 5 Dec. 16/2 It is entirely reasonable that nurses consider all practical steps to meet a patient's cultural or religious needs.
†b. That may reasonably be used. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1465–6 Act 5 Edw. IV in R. Bolton Statutes Ireland (1621) 37 The Bowes [to be] of Ewe, Wych-hassell, Ashe, Awburne, or any other reasonable tree.
†5.
a. Of a person: able to discourse or discuss matters; articulate, eloquent. Also with of. Cf. renable adj. 1a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > speaking > able or given to speak
reasonablea1387
quick and queathing?a1475
articulate1531
extemporal1588
extemporanean1621
extemporizing1644
expressible1661
speakable1667
extemporaneous1812
extempore1817
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 25 He was..resonabel [v.r. renable] of speche [?a1475 anon. tr. eloquente; L. eloquens] and wel i-lettred.
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. i. 176 (MED) Tho saide a raton of renoun, most resonable [v.rr. resnable; renable] of tonge.
a1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 534 Lo hou goodli spake þis knyȝt..I..found him so tretable Riȝt wondir skilful & resonable.
b. Of language: marked by reasoning or eloquence. Cf. renable adj. 1b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [adjective] > marked by reason, well-reasoned
reasonablea1387
coherent1580
sharp1580
firm1600
sober1651
well-reasoned1661
close1670
serried1899
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 11 After so noble spekers þat sownede at þe beste; and of hem faire facounde and resonable speche, folowed and streynede all her lyf tyme.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 1525 Rethorique the science Appropred to the reverence Of wordes that ben resonable.
6.
a. Of a person: sensible, sane; having sound judgement, wise, prudent; = rational adj. 1b. Also: fair, equitable; not asking for too much; willing to listen to or prepared to see reason.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > [adjective]
in (one's right) witc1000
wittyc1000
wisec1290
well-tempered1340
reasonablec1400
safe1402
perfectc1440
well in (also of) one's witsa1450
right in one's geara1500
well-advised1532
sensed1549
unmad1570
well-advised1585
rational1598
solid1606
in one's (right) senses1613
formala1616
of (in) disposing mind or memory1628
compos mentis1631
righta1638
well-hinged1649
well-balanced1652
spacked1673
clear-headed1709
sane1721
unfantastic1794
unmaddened1797
pas si bête1840
lucid1843
unfantastical1862
clothed and in one's right mind1873
right-minded1876
ungiddy1904
clear1950
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > [adjective] > exercising reason
reasonablec1400
rational1598
fair1603
sober1638
intelligencing1658
unperverse1665
open1672
wise-like1816
sane1843
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > [adjective] > not excessive
skillwisea1340
reasonablec1400
sensible?a1439
rational1598
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 724 Fyfty fyn frendez..Þat..reȝtful wern and resounable and redy þe to serve.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 234 Mordre is..wlatsom and abhomynable To god that is so Iust and resonable.
a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 2294 (MED) In al hir bidinges scho salbe Resonabil & also avise.
1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 10 He is able to satisfi ani reasnable natural philosopher in that point.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 39 Reasonable and judicious Readers will not dislike the same digression.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. ii. 46 To give any reasonable Man an answer to any useful Question in the Art of Gunnery.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. xxxix. 6 Those polite, candid, reasonable watermen, demanded a Louis d'or for that service!
1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. i. 16 We are governed by counsels, from which a reasonable man can expect no remedy but poison.
1802 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) III. 369 If mankind were reasonable they would want no government.
1883 A. K. Green Hand & Ring iii ‘Ferris is a reasonable man’, said the coroner.
1903 Law Rep.: King's Bench Div. 2 109 ‘Fair’, therefore, in this collocation certainly does not mean that which the ordinary reasonable man, ‘the man on the Clapham omnibus’, as Lord Bowen phrased it, the juryman common or special, would think a correct appreciation of the work.
1990 P. Ustinov Old Man & Mr Smith x. 115 The President looked reasonable, as he always did when addressing an impossible issue.
†b. Requiring the use of reason. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 398 Is not your Father growne incapeable Of reasonable affayres? View more context for this quotation
7.
a. Sufficient, adequate, or appropriate for the circumstances or purpose; fair or acceptable in amount, size, number, level, quality, or condition.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > [adjective] > of appropriate size or amount
meeta1325
skilful1387
reasonablec1405
equala1674
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §1051 To fastynge appertenen .iiij. thinges. Largenesse to poure folk, gladnesse of herte espiritueel, nat to ben angry..ne grucche..and also resonable [c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 rosonable; c1485 BL Add. semblable] houre for to ete by mesure.
?a1424 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 35 (MED) I wold the poure parson hade resonable reparacion after þe juggement.
1436 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 104 (MED) I, Richard Bokeland, Squyer, beyng yn Resonable helth of body, & hoole of mynde, make my testament in manere as foloweth.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1234 Proffir hym londys and goodys as much as ye thynke resonable.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxviii If the beest be fatte and any reasonable meate vpon hym.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclj We trust surely, that moste men..wilbe content for reasonable [L. tolerabilis] wages rather to followe oure campe, than theirs.
1614 S. Latham Falconry ii. xxii. 116 Put it into a pipkin or posnet with some reasonable store of faire water.
1683 J. G. Let. 3 Feb. in Strange News from Plymouth (1684) 7 At my own House the said Parties now remain, in reasonable Health.
1755 B. Franklin Advt. in Autobiogr. (1981) App. vi. 193 All..Forage..is to be taken for the Use of the Army, and a reasonable Price paid for it.
1773 F. Gentleman Introd. Shakespeare's Plays 7 We would hope, that a reasonable standard being thus laid down, professors of the drama will not..deviate from it.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 623 A man o' the town dines late, but soon enough, With reasonable forecast and dispatch, To ensure a side-box station at half-price.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 656 They were determined to prosecute..unless a reasonable sum were forthcoming, and..by a reasonable sum was meant seven thousand pounds.
1889 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 527/1 It would thus seem to be absolutely necessary, in order that the crofter may enjoy a reasonable chance of retaining his holding.
1905 Westm. Gaz. 25 May 3/1 This old fellow moved away towards the next teeing ground murmuring to himself.., ‘The on'y reasonable putt I've seen the day’.
1948 O. C. Durham in W. T. Vaughan Pract. of Allergy (ed. 2) xlii. 451 Determining with reasonable accuracy the relative and actual amounts of aero-allergens.
1986 Times (Nexis) 26 Oct. Since they started conserving these places a few years back you can generally find a hall in reasonable nick.
2006 Washington Post 19 May a11/1 Police with a search warrant must knock and state their purpose, then wait a reasonable period for an answer, before forcing their way in.
†b. Chiefly of a thing: considerable, large, of some account. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > considerable in amount or degree
goodeOE
fairOE
goodlyc1275
largea1375
no littlea1413
substantial1413
unleast?1440
prettya1475
reasonablea1500
substantious1545
substantive1575
sensible1581
pretty and ——1596
goody1597
greatish1611
considerable1651
sonsy1721
respectable1736
smart1750
quite a little ——1763
gey1796
smartish1799
canny1805
serious1810
right smart1825
dunnamuch1831
snug1833
tidy1839
bonnyish1855
largish1872
a nice little ——1891
significant1898
healthy1901
beaucoup1917
a1500 Tracts Eng. Weights & Meas. 13 in Camden Misc. (1929) XV (MED) Ije dim. is a resnabyll horse lode of Haburdy Poyse.
1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Comm. Notable Thinges in tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 337 They saw two reasonable riuers, vppon whose bankes there were many vines.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 69 I haue a Brother..a reasonable musition for singing.
1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 13 My selfe haue had reasonable experience in piercing wounds.
1625 R. Withers tr. O. Bon Grand Signors Seraglio xi, in S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. ix. xv. 1606 A Customer, who receiues Custome of the buyers and sellers; which amounteth to a reasonable summe in the space of a yeere.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. vi. 110 A Barrel of their Liquor [was] a reasonable Draught.
†B. n.
1. A reasonable being. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > [noun] > as rational or conscious being
reasonablea1425
intelligent1585
rational1601
person1659
conscienta1774
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 6760 In al this caas and in semblables If that ther ben mo resonables [Fr. raisonables] He may begge as I telle you heere.
1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum i. xxvi. 57 A mixt action in reasonables is voluntarie, because there is some consent of will, or self-motion.
1630 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. §xxiiii That wofull hostility which is exercised betwixt us reasonables.
1700 T. Risley Cursed Family ii. 11 Servants partake of Free, not Servile Government, as Reasonables, not as Animals.
2. A reasonable person. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > [noun] > one who is reasonable
philosopher1600
rationalist1625
rational1755
reasonable1814
rationalizer1826
1814 Savoyard i. i, in New Brit. Theatre IV. 360 What, fool, are you one of the reasonables too?
C. adv. Reasonably. Now rare.
1. Modifying adjectives and adverbs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > moderateness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb] > fairly
reasonably1389
reasonablyc1447
seemlyc1460
reasonable1485
gaily1532
indifferently?c1550
pretty well1576
indifferent1583
tolerably1602
tolerable1673
middling1719
geylies1754
middlingly1755
fairly1805
fairish1818
wellish1830
serviceably1896
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) x. lxxvi. sig. Ijv I helde hym resonable hote though ye had not holpen me.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 134 The chiftane..cummys resonable grete journeis..day by day.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclvi. 574 The first day the wynde was reasonable good for them.
1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries i. 16 b The minister..made a reasonable long exhortation.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 185 The common people began to like reasonable well of the Turks.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 66 There is also a reasonable handsome Buzzar.
1771 P. Luckombe Hist. & Art of Printing 331 The heighth of the Bar is generally made to lie at the command of a reasonable tall man.
1838 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 2nd Ser. iii. 36 Reasonable well, I give you thanks, sir, said he.
1961 Amer. Speech 36 139 Adjectives are also transformed into adverbs: The students were reasonable busy.
2. Modifying verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > [adverb]
with reasonc1300
skilfullyc1325
skillwiselya1340
skilfula1400
reasonablyc1400
of reason1405
in reasona1450
upon reasonc1450
reasonfully1532
justlya1538
rationablya1540
reasonally1567
reasonable1573
as soon (as)1579
rationally1610
to reason1613
rational1662
correctlya1704
rightly1703
upon the weight of1710
legitimately1794
well-foundedly?1841
tarblish1842
sanely1884
1573 F. Walsingham Let. Apr. in D. Digges Compl. Ambassador (1655) 178 If we speak reasonable, the King shall concur with us.
1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints ii. f. 22 Thinke you..that he did not speake them [sc. words] some what reasonable.
1652 tr. M. de Cervantes Don-Quixote (new ed.) iv. xxv. f. 135v Thou speakest reasonable Sancho, quoth Don. Quixote.
1738 S.-Carolina Gaz. 12 Jan. 3/1 Just imported from Philadelphia, and to be sold reasonable for ready Money.
1749 G. G. Beekman Let. 1 Nov. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 91 I am Informed you have Large Quantitys of Linseed Oyl Imported from the Duch in jars and is sold Reasonable.
1920 B. Cronin Timber Wolves x. 185 Maybe they're all right, but it don't do to run risks. Tell some of them blobs they'll need to walk to Green Valley next time they get a thirst up, if they don't act reasonable.

Compounds

C1. Forming parasynthetic adjectives.
ΚΠ
1608 T. Dekker Lanthorne & Candle-light sig. I A reasonable sighted eye (without helpe of Spectacles) may easily discouer this Iugling.
1623 R. Jobson Golden Trade 162 Answer the expectation here at home of any reasonable minded aduenturer.
1764 Museum Rusticum (1765) 3 373 You cannot possibly hurt the gut,..which no reasonable-bladed pen-knife can touch.
1824 T. Carlyle Let. 14 Dec. in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (1970) III. 218 It will make a reasonable-looking book.
1895 Outing 27 226/2 Enough for any reasonable minded person.
1965 E. Jutikkala in D. V. Glass & D. E. C. Eversley Population in Hist. xxiii. 554 The only reasonable-sized city in Finland, Turku,..must be discussed separately from the surrounding province.
1998 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 330/1 At first, any reasonable-sounding person who telephoned the Hopewell house to say he had seen the baby was patched through to Lindbergh himself.
C2.
† reasonable aid n. Feudal Law Obsolete a duty owed to the lord of a fee.
ΚΠ
1527 Statutes Prohemium Iohannis Rastell (new ed.) f. cciv Reasonable ayd to make the kyngs sonne knyghte or to mary his doughter shall be leuyd after the rate of the statute here made.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Hhh3v/2 Reasonable ayde..is a duty that the Lord of the fee claimeth holding by Knights seruice or in soccage to marie his daughter, or to make his sonne Knight.
1694 N. H. Ladies Dict. 442 Reasonable aid, was a duty claimed by the Lord to marry his Daughter, or Knight his eldest Son.
† reasonable alms n. [after post-classical Latin eleemosyna rationabilis (14th cent.)] Obsolete rare the portion of a person's estate which executors were in certain circumstances permitted to give to the poor in the event of intestacy.
ΚΠ
?1768–9 Encycl. Brit. (1771) I. 125/1 Reasonable Alms was a certain portion of the estates of intestate persons, allotted to the poor.
1829 R. Thomson Hist. Ess. Magna Charta 210 As..sudden deaths might frequently cause intestates, the Bishops..received power to make such a distribution from the goods of the deceased as he himself was bound to do, under the term of Eleemosyna rationabilia, or reasonable alms.
1834 T. A. Trollope Encycl. Ecclesiastica I. 63 Reasonable alms..are a certain portion of the estates of such persons as die intestate allotted to the poor.
reasonable cause n. just or legitimate grounds (for following a particular course of action); esp. (Law) grounds to believe that a person has committed a crime, especially as justification for making a search, an arrest, etc.; cf. probable cause n. at probable adj. and n. Compounds.
ΚΠ
1389 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 48 (MED) What tyme þat a brother is ded or a suster, that they come to þe dirige..but he haue a resonable cause to be excused.
1536 R. Taverner tr. P. Melanchthon Apol. sig. O. viij v, in Confessyon Fayth Germaynes Without reasonable and probable cause nothinge be chaunged in the accustomed and vsuall ceremonies.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ppp4v/1 That subsidium charitatiuum, which vppon reasonable cause he may require of his Clergie.
1676 City Law 28 in Practick Part of Law (rev. ed.) If a Freeman of the said City..be constrained to pay toll or custom, or that his Goods be arrested or carryed away wrongfully, without reasonable cause, and not delivered again by the Governour of the Town.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 425 Upon reasonable cause to be allowed by a justice of the peace.
1879 U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 97 646 If there was a reasonable cause of seizure, there was a probable cause.
1959 Times 26 Mar. 18/1 The subsection which would give a constable power to arrest without warrant anyone he..suspected, with reasonable cause, of committing an offence under this section.
2002 Time 23 Sept. 53/3 The premise of the Fourth Amendment is that you don't question people, detain them—and you certainly don't take photos and enter them into a database—unless you have reasonable cause.
reasonable doubt n. Law uncertainty as to the guilt of a criminal defendant; spec. doubt in the minds of the jurors that enough proof that the defendant is guilty has been presented in a criminal case; frequently in beyond reasonable doubt; also as a count noun.Quot. 1718 is from a record of proceedings of a trial held in 1684.
ΚΠ
1718 S. Rosewell Arraignment & Tryal Thomas Rosewell 252 We do not give any Opinion Mr. Attorney; but because there seems to be some reasonable Doubt..we desire to have it argu'd; and therefore will assign him Council.
1795 Proc. Trial John Horne Tooke I. 384 The Attorney General contends, that he has made out Proveably, without the possibility of reasonable doubt, that this Convention was projected for the detestable purpose charged by the indictment.
1848 Times 18 Dec. 6 He should be able to show them that it was not a case in which the jury could, beyond reasonable doubt, come to the conclusion that either one or both of the prisoners were guilty of the charge brought against them.
1950 Univ. Chicago Law Rev. 17 402 A jury may not be led to believe that a recommendation of leniency will automatically reduce the punishment and thereby justify them in convicting a defendant whose guilt has not been proved beyond a reasonable doubt.
2000 Monitor (Kampala) 28 Apr. 13/6 I find that prosecution has proved beyond reasonable doubt that the accused killed the deceased with malice afore-thought.
reasonable force n. Law the level of physical force deemed appropriate or justifiable by law in protecting oneself or one's family or property; (also) the level of force deemed appropriate in apprehending a criminal suspect or preventing a crime.
ΚΠ
1827 Morning Chron. 20 Oct. 4/4 If a person should choose to remain in the house of any private individual after the master of that house has ordered him out, the master would be justified in using all reasonable force in order to expel him.
1916 Harvard Law Rev. 29 330 It is a general rule that a trespasser may be resisted with reasonable force.
1962 Times 6 Apr. 20/3 The housebreakers and hoodlums who plagued the city..were checked by the ‘reasonable force’ which had brought their kind to book in Sheffield.
1983 Conc. Dict. Law (1984) 299/1 At common law a person may use reasonable force in self-defence and, in extreme circumstances, may be justified in killing an attacker.
2001 Daily Tel. 6 Dec. 8/1 Community support officers will have powers to use reasonable force to detain, but not arrest, suspects and will be used mainly to combat unruly behaviour on problem estates and in town centres.
reasonable suspicion n. Law suspicion of criminal activity based on specific and objective grounds, as a legal justification for a search (esp. by a police officer) or other action; (also) an instance of this; cf. reasonable cause n.
ΚΠ
1739 G. Jacob Statute-law Common-plac'd 157 Landlords to seise Goods concealed in an House, and in Case of a Dwelling-House, on Oath made before a justice of reasonable Suspicion that the Goods are therein, may break open the Same, to distrain.
1884 Amer. Law Reg. 32 561 Nothing can justify such interference except a reasonable suspicion that there may have been something peculiar in the death.
1930 Harvard Law Rev. 44 112 The test of reasonable suspicion seems at once too broad and narrow.
2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) ix. 185 Stop and search procedures, where people can be stopped if the police have reasonable suspicion that they may be in possession of a weapon, drugs or stolen property.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.adv.a1325
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