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rearwardn.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French rerewarde, reregarde. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rerewarde (14th cent. or earlier), variant of reregarde rearguard n.1 (compare discussion at ward n.2). Compare post-classical Latin retrowarda (13th cent. in a British source). Compare later rearguard n.1 and arrear-ward n. 1. society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > rear society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] > rear α. a1325 Prologue (Corpus Cambr.) 54 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill (1956) 3 Ilore he [sc. Christ] hadde is riȝte, Ȝif is kniȝtes of þe rerewarde þe strengore [ne] couþe fiȝte. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) ii. 1827 (MED) Of the chivalerie The rerewarde it tok aweie. a1450–1509 (?a1300) (A-version) (1913) l. 3171 (MED) Alle þe rerewarde [a1500 Douce reward] Was jslayn wiþ Kyng Rycharde. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 71 Quhen the reirward saw thaim swa Discumfit..Thai fled on fer. c1500 (?a1475) (1896) 1094 (MED) Whyle these pety-capteynes susteynyd thus the feelde, With Vertew hys rerewarde came Good Perseueraunce. 1530 (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 119 An hooste in batayle ys departed in thre, that ys to saye, the forwarde, the mydel warde, and the rerewarde. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay i. xvii. 19 At thys Cape..were foure Galliots of the rearewarde of the Turkes armie. 1599 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 121 But with a reareward following Tybalts death, Romeo is banished. View more context for this quotation 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus 119 The souldiors of our rereward, who kept the upper part of the hill. a1648 Ld. Herbert (1649) 164 It was the even of Saint Mathias in February 1525.., when the Marquis de Guasto leading the Vantguard, the Marquesse of Pescara the Battell, and Charles de Lanoy accompanied with Bourbon, the Rereward, came in good order neer the French Army. 1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio 322 The third Squadron of the Rereward got almost all safe off. 1703 J. Drake 294 Of the Wing of the right hand of the Rear-ward was Captain, the Lord Dacres, with his Power. 1791 A. Yearsley iii. 49 Harold and Tostie, join our troops; while Girth Brings on the rearward; near the close of eve I will attend you. 1829 P. F. Tytler III. ii. 174 He himself followed with the rearward, composed of the main strength of his army. 1862 T. Carlyle III. xii. ii. 149 This Tuesday's march, for the rearward of the Army, 10,000 foot and 2000 horse,..from Weichau to the hamlet Milkau.., is thought to be the wettest on record. 1907 30 220 Such a hostile army with an innumerable rearward following would be a sight to make any city in any age quake, to say nothing of the timid people in little Jericho. 1974 94 312/2 The rearward, the army unit whose task was to protect the rear wings. 1587 J. Bridges x. 821 Do they think this exception, which they reserue for the last cast, (and place it as a rereward in the end of this conclusion but vpon great and waightie causes,) will be a sufficient starting hole to saue all vpright? c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxviii. 66 in (1998) II. 80 The rereward lowd on instruments did play. 1611 Isa. lviii. 8 Thy righteousnesse shall go before thee, the glory of the Lord shall be thy rereward . View more context for this quotation 1665 J. Bunyan 174 As he is to be the Captain and Leader of his People, so he is to be the Rereward and Bringer-up of his People. 1777 R. De Courcy p. xxix I thought a Word to Parmenas might repress the impertinencies of his pen; check the bigotry of his spirit; and serve as a little rereward to my Letter to a Baptist-Minister. 1860 J. W. Warter II. 27 God went before them, and was their rereward also. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun] a1475 (a1450) (Harl.) (1930) 90 (MED) He gyrd so hys gray mere þe [read þat] sche lete a faucon-fare At þe rereward. ?1567 M. Parker lxxviii. 227 Hys foes rearwardes: even down he felde. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins ii. vii. 189 Living Bodies; specially men, with relation either to..the Face: or Back... Hinder-part, Back, Rere, rereward, endorse, last, Poop, Posterior. 1835 D. P. Thompson vi. 50 The poor candidate came down on his rearwards on a place in the floor. 1855 ‘Bon Gaultier’ 238 Already in his rearward Felt he Jove's tremendous toes. Phrases†P1. In verbal phrases. society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (intransitive)] > occupy position in rear c1380 (1879) 2712 (MED) Y me-self and Olyuer..Wolleþ come be-hynde her & kepe þe rereward. c1400 (?a1300) (Laud) (1952) 7781 (MED) Antiochus had þe forme warde And Tholomeus þe rere warde [v.r. reirwarde]. c1425 (c1400) 14662 Ho schal haue the vaunwarde, Who the myddel, and ho the rerewarde. a1450 (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 3757 Aufreus of Tharse..The rereward he kept ful wiselie. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 58 Schir Eduard..Befor in the avaward raid. The kyng him-self the reirward maid. 1583 Examinacion O. Mac D. O'Moribertagh in E. Spenser (1884) I. 484 The examinate..appointed the souldieres to keepe the rerewarde. 1614 W. Raleigh i. ii. v. §1. 295 These had the Rereward, and moued last. 1632 P. Holland tr. Xenophon vi. viii. 147 As for you the chiefe Commander of the Reare, see you keepe the Rereward and give a charge unto the other Rear-commaunders to have an eye to those under them. the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow behind [verb (intransitive)] > come last the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > precede or follow in order [verb (intransitive)] > come last in order 1613 J. Hayward 9 The lances and men at Armes cloased the Rereward. P2. In prepositional phrases. the world > space > relative position > position at the back > at the back or in the rear [phrase] 1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright (1861) II. 57 It ar ȝe that stonden bifore in Anticristis vauwarde and in the myddil and in the rerewarde. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) xiv. 60 The vaward had the erll thomas, And in the rerward schir eduard was. a1500 (a1450) tr. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 87 (MED) Some in the foward, some in bataill in the rereward. 1579 T. Churchyard sig. Q.iiijv Capitaine Malbe, and Capitaine Bassenet followyng in the rereward, either of them hauyng vnder their leadynges fiftie horsemen. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy xxxix. xlix. 1054 Whiles he came himselfe behind in the rereward..his horse fell and cast him at once. 1866 J. M. Neale 67 Some in the van Thou call'st to do..And in the rearward not a few Thou only bidd'st to bear. 1923 A. B. Paterson 113 I hear the clang of their leader crying To a lagging mate in the rearward. the world > space > relative position > position at the back > at the back of or behind [preposition] 1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock 87 Sometimes vpon the suddaine bring them into this order of a D. otherwise called a Snaile: Place your Halberds and Ensigne in the Rereward of your Pikes, and cast your selfe round. 1600 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 309 + 2 A was the very genius of famine..a came ouer in the rereward of the fashion. View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare iv. i. 127 My selfe would on the rereward [1623 reward] of reproches Strike at thy life. View more context for this quotation 1603 T. Dekker sig. A4v There stands in the Rere-ward of this Booke a..Troope of strange Discourses. 1628 R. Gomersall i. ii. 6 His hopes are but the prayse of honest deeds, If in the rereward of your spreading Fame, That fils all mouthes, some happy tongue may glance At him. 1675 W. Dugdale I. 67/2 In the same year he was also at Uironfosse in France, in the Rereward of the English Army then drawn up for Battel. 1759 E. Radcliff 14 Terror goes before him, justice surrounds him, and vengeance is in his rearward. 1808 W. Scott vi. xxv. 342 Lord Dacre, with his horsemen light, Shall be in rear-ward of the fight. 1841 49 152 It would occupy its right position..in the advance, not in the rearward of the times. 1852 Mar. 212/2 As the world moved on, we desired to move on with it, and not be the first generation of American democrats, left far in the rearward of time. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rearwardadj.adv.n.2 Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rear adj.2, -ward suffix. Etymology: < rear adj.2 + -ward suffix. Compare later rearwards adv. A. adj.the world > space > relative position > position at the back > [adjective] 1581 T. Styward ii. 122 The which..are to be diuided into three battailes: the Voward, the Maineward, and the Rereward battaile. 1598 R. Barret iii. 54 6. rankes at 2 men per ranke in the reareward angles. 1761 D. Mather 79 Our author summons up Mr James Hervey as his rereward witness; but yet he is not at all favourable to his languishing plea. 1798 J. Baillie Ct. Basil iv. ii, in I. 148 Some other chief..Will in your rearward station head you then. 1813 W. Scott ii. 63 As champions, when their band is broke, Stand forth to guard the rearward post. 1876 ‘M. Twain’ vi. 64 His coat..had the rearward buttons far down the back. 1908 11 Dec. 825/1 The boat will be provided with a top keel or fin a little thicker than a man's body across the shoulders at the rearward end. 1948 112 209 We may imagine the following curious set of circumstances in the rearward areas of the Barrier. 2006 (Nexis) 5 Sept. 7 Adult males, less fearful and more physically imposing than other group members, take up forward and rearward positions. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [adjective] the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adjective] > having backward direction 1843 C. F. Hoffman I. ii. 17 The rearward view, in the meantime, was exceedingly fine. 1861 7 Dec. 585/1 If the execution of a rapid rearward movement be required. 1872 H. I. Jenkinson (1879) 28 A rearward view discloses a fine grouping of the hills which have been passed. 1917 3 Nov. 5/3 The wind would deflect the bomb in a rearward direction. 1951 L. A. Rodert in T. F. Malone 1195 They move with the air stream in a rearward direction. 2007 (Nexis) 8 June I found rearward visibility not that good when manoeuvring. B. adv.the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [adverb] the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in backward direction 1604 T. Middleton sig. B3 v Another doore opening rere-ward, there came puffing out of the next roome a villainous Leiftenant. 1625 G. Markham 18 Open your Rankes, from the front reareward. 1818 R. Southey in 18 33 The heavy weapon reached me in the rear, And rearward I returned a long loud sigh. 1868 C. B. Norton & W. J. Valentine 53 The head of the locking bolt..causes this block to move obliquely rearward. 1904 T. L. de Vinne x. 445 The mould wheel is first moved rearward away from its stop-pins. 1912 31 Oct. 6/3 The panic communicated itself to the transport, which began to move rearward in disorder. 1945 C. E. Balleisen v. 44 After firing, recoil causes the barrel, bolt, and barrel extension to move rearward. 1991 Dec. 10/2 When extracting the blade from flesh,..pull the knife rearward. the world > space > relative position > position at the back > at the back of or behind [preposition] 1778 iii. 73 To Worth and Truth as great a Stranger, As he to Courage was, in Danger; And never meditates a Blow, E'en when he's rereward of the Foe. 1836 17 Sept. 4/7 (advt.) The premises contain..a capital light kitchen with larder pantry, and servant's hall rearward of the house. 1880 L. Wallace iv. x Rearward of the structure which graced the entrance-way. 1918 W. M. Kirkland xix. 214 The garden that has stretched rearward of each new domicile. 1952 July 52/2 The band is the ring of soft metal, usually copper, that is firmly attached rearward of the projectile. 1993 43 150 The Middle Byzantine period house set rearward of the triangular tower. C. n.21825 G. R. Gleig xxii. 328 About a mile to the rearward, again, let him figure to himself a green field. 1832 G. Downes I. 55 The view in the rearward now became agreeably diversified by the mountains we had lately traversed. 1937 52 452 There was an old ruinous stone fence a few yards only to the rearward. Compounds1951 13 July 3/1 Regarding the court's recommendation on rearward-facing seats, B.E.A.'s view is that much more factual information is needed before any major change is attempted. 1967 25/1 There is a rearward-hinged car-type door on each side of the cabin. 1993 (Nexis) 28 July 26 The rearward-moving force of impact is used to pull the steering wheel and column away from the driver's body. 2007 (Nexis) 17 May 15 Under the proposed laws, babies up to six-months-old would be required to be restrained in a rearward facing infant capsule. Derivatives the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in backward direction 1856 F. L. Olmsted 91 A room that extended out, rearwardly, from the house. 1946 A. W. Judge vi. 237 The cooling air..leaves the engine cowling through a rearwardly inclined exit. 2007 (Nexis) 8 June The lower fold section is bent forwardly, then downwardly and then rearwardly. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1a1325 adj.adv.n.21581 |
