re-prefix

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French re-; Latin re-.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French re-, Middle French re-, ré- (French re-, ré-) and its etymon classical Latin re-, cognate with Umbrian re-; further etymology unknown.Uses and meanings in Latin. The original sense of re- in Latin is ‘back’ or ‘backwards’, but in the large number of words in which it occurs it shows various shades of meaning, of which the following are the most clearly marked: (i) ‘Back from a point reached’, ‘back to or towards the starting point’, as in recēdere recede v.¹, recurrere recur v., redūcere reduce v., referre refer v., refugere to flee back (see refuge n.), remittere to send back (see remit v.), respicere to look back (see respect v.), retrahere retract v.¹, revocāre revoke v. Sometimes the sense of ‘backwards’ is also implied, as in resilīre to spring back or backwards (see resile v.). The return of light and sound is expressed in such verbs as relūcēre reluce v. and renīdēre to shine or flash back, reboāre to bellow back (see reboant adj.), resonāre to echo, resound (see resonate v.). In many cases the idea of force is present, as in reflectere reflect v., repellere repel v., reprimere reprime v.¹, rescindere rescind v.; hence arises the sense of resistance, as in reluctārī reluct v., repugnāre repugn v., reclāmāre to cry out against (see reclaim v.), recūsāre recuse v. Occasionally the sense is ‘away’, as in removēre remove v., revellere to pull away or off (see revel v.²). (ii) ‘Back to the original place or position’, as in recondere recond v., repōnere repone v., restituere restitue v., etc.; frequently implying ‘back to one's hands or possession’, as in recipere receive v., redimere redeem v., rependere repend v.², resūmere resume v.¹ (iii) ‘Again’, ‘anew’, originally in cases implying restoration to a previous state or condition, and frequently occurring as a secondary sense in verbs of the two classes already mentioned; further examples are recreāre recreate v.¹, reficere refect v., reformāre reform v.¹, renovāre renovate v., refrīgēscere to grow cold again, revirēscere to grow green again (see revirescent adj.). This gave rise to cases where the action itself is done a second time, as recoquere recoct v., refricāre refricate v., regenerāre regenerate v., retractāre to handle again (see retract v.²), etc. Such formations become much more numerous in post-classical Latin, as in reaedificare re-edify v., rebaptizare rebaptize v., etc. Many of these later compounds have been adopted in English, and have chiefly supplied the models for the new formations illustrated below. (iv) In some cases re- has the same force as English un- prefix², implying an undoing of some previous action, as in recingere to ungird (see recinct v.), reclūdere reclude v., refīgere refix v.², resignāre resign v.¹, revēlāre reveal v. More rarely it expresses direct negation, as in reprobāre reprobate v. (v) ‘Back in a place’, i.e. ‘from going forward’, with verbs of keeping or holding, as retinēre retain v., religāre religate v., refrēnāre refrain v., reprehendere reprehend v.; or ‘without going on or forward’ with verbs of rest, as remanēre remain v., residēre reside v.¹, restāre rest v.³, requiēscere requiesce v., etc. Other shades of this sense appear in relinquere relinquish v., reservāre reserve v.¹ Even in Latin the precise sense of re- is not always clear, and in many words the development of secondary meanings tends greatly to obscure its original force. This loss of distinct meaning is naturally increased in English, where a word has often been adopted in a sense more or less remote from its original sense, and where in many cases the simple word to which the prefix is attached does not occur in English. In other cases a phonological change or shift of stress may obscure the original composition of the word. History within English. In the Romance languages, as in later Latin, extensive use was made of re- as a prefix in verbs and verbal derivatives (in addition to the French forms, compare Old Occitan, Occitan re- , Catalan re- , Spanish re- , Portuguese re- , Italian re- , ri- ). Some of the words thus formed are among the earliest which were adopted in English, the immediate source being French. To these and later adoptions from French belong many of the commonest words beginning with re- , as rebate v.¹, rebound v., rebuke v., rebut v., recoil v.¹, redress v.¹, refresh v., regain v., regard v., regret v., remark v.¹, etc. Words formed with the prefix re- first make their appearance in English in the early 13th cent. In the Ancrene Riwle, the first text in which such forms are prominent, there occur recluse adj., recoil v.¹, record v.¹, relic n., relief n.¹, religion n., religious adj., and remission n. At the beginning of the 14th cent. Chron. Robert of Gloucester uses rebel adj., release v.¹, remue v., repent v., reset n.¹, restore v.¹, revest v.¹ In the 14th cent. the total is greatly increased, especially in the writings of Langland, Chaucer, the Wycliffite writers, and Trevisa, and by the beginning of the 15th cent. the number in common literary use is very considerable. During the 15th cent. the additions are of less importance, but about the middle of the 16th an extensive adoption of Latin forms begins (either directly or via French). Towards the end of the 16th cent. re- begins to become much more productive within English, chiefly with second elements ultimately of Latin origin, but also freely prefixed to verbs of native origin, a practice rare before this period, though the Wycliffite Bible, Trevisa, and others have renew v.¹ (after classical Latin renovāre). Such formations, however, are common in Elizabethan writers: Shakespeare has recall v., regreet v. (frequent), relive v., requicken v., resend v., respeak v., restem v., retell v. (three times), and reword v., and many others occur in contemporary literature, as rebuild v., recast v., refind v., reflow v., regather v., etc. The rapidly increasing use of re- in the early 17th cent. is strongly marked in the dictionaries of Florio (1598) and Cotgrave (1611), both of whom freely form words with this prefix to render Italian or French words beginning with the respective parallel. Most of these might be formed again at any time, and many of them reappear at a later date, but some are apparently not attested in later sources, e.g. the following:1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Rabbellimento, a..rebeauetifying. Rimeritare, to remerit or deserue againe.1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Raccordare,..to reaccord. Ricapricciare, to re-affright. Ricombattere, to recombat or fight againe. Ricompire, to recomplish or end againe. Riboccare, to re-enbogue, to remouth. Rimaledittione, a remalediction. Rimollire,..to remollifie, to resoften. Risperso, resprinckled. Ristoppare, to restop, to stop againe.1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rabuser, to reabuse. Reaffranchi, reaffranchised. Reblandir, to reblandish. Redaigner, to redaign. Rabituer, to..reinure. In English formations, whether on native or Latin bases, re- is almost exclusively employed in the sense of ‘again’; the few exceptions to this have been directly suggested by existing Latin compounds, as recall v. after classical Latin revocāre. In one or other application of this sense, re- may be prefixed to most English verbs or verbal derivatives, as rearrange v., rearrangement n.; reignite v., reignition n.; resaddle v.; resettlement n., etc. Form and pronunciation. In earlier Latin re- was used before consonants, and red- before vowels or h- , as in redīre to go or come back (see redition n.), redimere redeem v., redhibēre to take or give back (see redhibition n.; rarely in other cases, as in reddere to give back: see render v.). The latter form appears in English only in a few words which are ultimately of Latin origin, e.g. redeem v., redemption n., redintegrate v. In later Latin the form with final d was no longer in use, and re- was employed before vowels as well as consonants, as in post-classical Latin reaedificare re-edify v., reagere react v.¹, reexpectare re-expect v., reilluminare , etc. In a few words adopted from French the prefix has undergone considerable phonetic change. In some cases this is due to the combination of re- with a word beginning with another prefix with an initial vowel, as a- or en- . For examples of these types, see e.g. rally v.¹, rampart n., rampire v., rapport n. (in which the prefix of the French etymon lost its final e before a second element beginning with a or e , so that hiatus was avoided) and compare also ransom n. (in which the form of the French etymon reflects regular early loss of intervocalic -d- ). In English formations the prefix is usually pronounced with a long vowel (/riː/), and frequently with some secondary stress, whereas in words of Latin or Romance origin the vowel is usually reduced or shortened (except before another vowel), as in repair ( r1"pE:), reparation ( /ˌrɛpəˈreɪʃn/). In this way double forms arise, with difference of meaning, which in writing are often distinguished by hyphenating the prefix, as recoil recoil v.¹ and re-coil recoil v.³, recover recover v.¹ and re-cover re-cover v.², recreate recreate v.¹ and re-create recreate v.² The hyphen is also frequently employed even where there is no doublet, when the idea of repetition is emphasized, as bind and re-bind, or when the following element begins with a vowel. Before e it is usual to insert the hyphen, as re-emerge, re-enter, re-estimate; formerly, the diaeresis was also used (though much less frequently), as in reëmerge, reënter. There is often a tendency to give full stress to the prefix when the simple word precedes the compound in a particular utterance, as in make and re-make, state and re-state. This may also happen, but to a lesser extent, in cases where re- does not mean ‘again’, as act and react.

1. With the general sense of ‘back’ or ‘again’, occurring in a large number of words directly or indirectly adopted from Latin, or of later Romance origin, and on the model of these freely employed in English as a prefix of verbs, and of nouns or adjectives derived from these.The extent to which this prefix has been employed in English since the 19th cent., and especially from the latter half of it onwards, makes it impossible to attempt a complete record of all the forms resulting from its use. The number of these is practically infinite, but they nearly all belong to one or other of three classes (senses 1a, 1b, 1c). The first of these classes is also abundantly represented in formations of the 17th and 18th centuries.

a. Prefixed to ordinary verbs of action (chiefly transitive) and to derivatives from these, sometimes denoting that the action itself is performed a second time, and sometimes that its result is to reverse a previous action or process, or to restore a previous state of things.With nouns of action the force of the prefix may frequently be rendered by ‘second’ or ‘new’, and on the analogy of these words it has sometimes been used in this sense with other nouns, as recharter n.

re-abandon v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈbandən/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈbændən/

ΚΠ

1844 Earl of Malmesbury Diaries & Corr. First Earl of Malmesbury I. 78 Accused the Government..of having made a secret article with Spain to re-abandon the Island.

1856 Times 26 Nov. 7/3 The erring Violetta..at first indulges in the dream of a pure affection, and then re-abandons herself to those riotous impulses which have so long held dominion over the better part of her nature.

1996 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 2 Nov. d12 Bloom..worries herself sick over abandoning and re-abandoning her daughter.

re-abolish v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈbɒlɪʃ/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈbɑlɪʃ/

ΚΠ

1818 Times 8 May 3/2 By re-abolishing those old feudal privileges, which Ferdinand, on his return, had restored.

1962 W. H. Auden Dyer's Hand (1963) 461 The distinction between the things of God and the things of Caesar is reabolished.

1996 New Statesman 26 July 23/2 When John Prescott wishes to re-abolish the 11-plus because he remembers how painful it was to fail it, he imagines that he wants to eliminate childhood suffering.

reacclimatisation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːəˌklʌɪmətʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriəˌklaɪmədəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌriəˌklaɪməˌtaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1879 Temple Bar Oct. 252 With a view to their reacclimatisation in Switzerland.

1959 Jrnl. Animal Ecol. 28 381 Three of the papers deal with re-acclimatization of beavers in areas where they had been..extinct for a considerable time.

2000 Z. Sardar Consumption Kuala Lumpur 82 You had to walk out of the Mall and stand stock still for a few minutes of reacclimatization, taking in the palm trees, the sun, the heat, by way of a reality check.

readjudicate v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈdʒuːdᵻkeɪt/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈdʒudəˌkeɪt/

ΚΠ

1829 T. Harris & R. W. Gill Rep. Court of Appeals Maryland 2 67 Progressing to an adjudication, and then going back to readjudicate.

1856 F. E. Paget Owlet of Owlstone Edge 164 Mr. Page was too discreet to readjudicate the matter.

1997 Albuquerque (New Mexico) (Nexis) 21 Nov. b3 There apparently would be more hoops to jump through if water rights were readjudicated or reassigned.

re-admeasurement n.

Brit.

/ˌriːadˈmɛʒəm(ə)nt/

U.S.

/ˌriædˈmɛʒərmənt/

ΚΠ

1659 D. Abbott Let. 1 Mar. in P. Gaunt Corr. H. Cromwell (2007) 463 Though upon a readmeasurement the said colonell Prittye's lott be found to be an overplus of neare double what he ought to have.

1806 Repertory of Arts 2nd Ser. 8 421 This improvement of the measure has been invariably used..in the re-admeasurement of coals, for upwards of five years.

1858 Times 4 Dec. 6/4 One of the lopped victims..would be constantly reproaching him that he was getting too fat or growing too tall, and that the time was again come for a readmeasurement and readjustment.

1999 Federal News Service (Nexis) 29 June To no longer allow a tank vessel's phase-out date to change based upon its re-admeasurement.

reamalgamate v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈmalɡəmeɪt/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈmælɡəˌmeɪt/

ΚΠ

1843 London Med. Gaz. 4 Aug. 709/2 The globules sublimed from the silver amalgams occasionally fall back again upon the silver, and reamalgamate.

1902 Proc. Royal Soc. 69 188 It is usually sufficient to carefully reamalgamate the zinc rods.

1996 Death by Default (Human Rights Watch) ii. 42 In 1965, however, the ‘work-study school’ was re-amalgamated into the Baoding Municipal Social Welfare Institute.

reamalgamation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːəˌmalɡəˈmeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriəˌmælɡəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1835 C. White Belgic Revol. 1830 I. iv. 77 All future reamalgamation is impossible.

1848 Sci. Amer. 15 Apr. 238/1 The mercury on the amalgamated zinc would be attacked, and the plates would ere long need re-amalgamation.

1988 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 18 Aug. c4/1 Stains that do not respond to re-amalgamation—rings left by drinking glasses, for example—can usually be removed by rubbing them with fine abrasives, no matter what the finish.

reannounce v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈnaʊns/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈnaʊns/

ΚΠ

1822 Port Folio Sept. 246 Waldegrave..resolves to begin the process of shaking off, by re-announcing a visit to the Continent.

1884 Amer. Law Reg. 32 496 The chancellor reannounced the severe doctrine of Lord Hardwicke.

1993 Isis 84 622/2 The pilgrim has announced and reannounced the discovery of the grail at almost every turn of the path.

reannouncement n.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈnaʊnsm(ə)nt/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈnaʊnsmənt/

ΚΠ

1815 P. Hervé Let. Sept. in How to Enjoy Paris (1816) I. ix. 221 Foreigners..look eagerly at the bills to observe the re-announcement of her name.

1874 J. Sully Sensation & Intuition 80 I regret having overlooked this reannouncement of Mr. Bain's views.

1999 Daily Tel. 3 Dec. 10/3 What we have heard from the minister is a smokescreen of minimalist announcements and heated-up reannouncements.

reapportion v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈpɔːʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈpɔrʃ(ə)n/

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > assign or allot > in due proportion > again

reapportion1812

1812 S. S. Smith Lect. Moral & Polit. Philos. II. xxiii. 207 The death of the occupier..returns the soil back to its primitive state of community, to be re-apportioned by the law of society.

a1861 A. H. Clough Poems (1869) 462 To recal our gifts and reapportion befits not.

1947 U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 328 569 The failure of the Legislature to reapportion the congressional election districts for forty years.

2000 N.Y. Times Mag. 22 Oct. 86/2 When the state's Congressional seats are reapportioned next year.

reapportionment n.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈpɔːʃnm(ə)nt/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈpɔrʃənmənt/

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > [noun] > assigning or allotting > fresh

reapportionment1788

relocating1789

relocation1804

repartition1836

reallotment1847

reallocation1856

1788 A. Hamilton et al. Federalist II. lviii. 162 These states..will be interested in frequent re-apportionments of the representatives to the number of inhabitants.

1821 Rep. Proc. & Deb. of Convent. (N.Y. State Constit. Convention) 260 Even in Massachusetts, where this now forms a part of their constitution, a re-apportionment of their senate was deemed necessary.

1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 18 June 476/4 There should be a reapportionment of seats.

1995 M. Monmonier Drawing Line vi. 209 Congressional remapping proved more troublesome than the state government's legislative reapportionment.

reapposition n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌapəˈzɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌæpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlii. 394 Acting as checks or wedges to prevent their reapposition and cementation.

1991 Lancet 9 Feb. 332/2 Retinal reapposition is achieved by suturing a sponge or band to the sclera to produce a ‘buckle’, which closes the hole by (external) tamponade.

reappreciate v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈpriːʃɪeɪt/

/ˌriːəˈpriːsɪeɪt/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈpriʃiˌeɪt/

/ˌriəˈprɪʃiˌeɪt/

ΚΠ

1932 Columbia Law Rev. 32 611 On liquidation the same investments had re-appreciated.

2001 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 60 489/2 Some rhetorical conceits may prove helpful in reappreciating the composition.

reappreciation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːəˌpriːʃɪˈeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːəˌpriːsɪˈeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriəˌpriʃiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌriəˌprɪʃiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1821 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 96 195 The reexamination and reappreciation of the assertions.

1991 Dirty Linen Oct.–Nov. 55/1 This release proves to be an excellent 47-minute re-appreciation of Taj as a singer.

re-asseverate v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈsɛvəreɪt/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈsɛvəˌreɪt/

ΚΠ

1840 W. G. Simms Border Beagles II. xix. 269 Vernon re-asseverated his innocence, with the solemn earnestness of one who was really anxious that they should be convinced.

1880 J. Nichol Byron 84 His frequent resolutions, made, re~asseverated, and broken.

1934 G. Sherburn Early Career of Alexander Pope vii. 191 Here Dennis reasseverates the utter lack of worth in Pope's work.

re-attraction v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈtrakʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈtrækʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1807 D. Ellis Inq. Changes Atmospheric Air iii. 91 No chemical agent..can be imagined equal to the re-attraction of it through the organized structure of the animal.

1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. III. v. xvi. 285 The force of expansion and contraction (repulsion and re-attraction).

1998 Daily Variety (Nexis) 4 Nov. 10 A growing re-attraction between Tony and Karen.

rebandage v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbandɪdʒ/

U.S.

/riˈbændɪdʒ/

ΚΠ

1838 Lancet 8 Dec. 406/2 The limb was washed all over more carefully than it had been, dried, rebandaged.

1910 A. McLaren Bawbee Jock vii. 87 Sheila helped her to dress, and re-bandaged her foot.

2002 J. Zagel Money to Burn iii. ii. 170 I rebandage the hand.

rebawl v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbɔːl/

U.S.

/riˈbɔl/

/riˈbɑl/

ΚΠ

1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. i. i. 7 ‘I won't have my hair curl,’..rebawled the beauty.

re-beam v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbiːm/

U.S.

/riˈbim/

ΚΠ

1785 T. Dwight Conquest of Canäan x. 269 As boundless ocean's smooth, resplendent plain Rebeams the skies.

1868 J. Brougham Lottery of Life iii. ii. 23 The clouds have rolled away, and the blessed sunlight of hope and happiness re-beams upon my life-path.

1919 E. Pound Quia Pauper Amavi 16 The infant beams at the parent, The parent re-beams at its offspring.

2006 Sun (Nexis) 7 Feb. Clued-up hackers have been ‘hijacking’ some of these wi-fi hotspots and re-beaming the signals from their own equipment.

rebiff v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbɪf/

U.S.

/riˈbɪf/

ΚΠ

1934 E. Blunden Choice or Chance 53 Ye men of England, hear the clarion. If Inferior nations biff you, them rebiff.

rebleach v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbliːtʃ/

U.S.

/riˈblitʃ/

ΚΠ

1859 Sci. Amer. 24 Dec. 411/3 The rain storm..which..held in solution chloride from sodium, from oceanic evaporation, necessarily re-bleached the paint.

1936 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 11 Jan. 9/2 Should it [sc. the cultch] fail to catch a set of oysters, then it can be taken from the water and rebleached for a second attempt.

2005 Real-time Imaging 11 99/2 Waste paper is not rebleached when it is fed back into paper production as a raw material.

rebrandishing n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbrandᵻʃɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈbrændɪʃɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1881 Sat. Rev. 24 Sept. 375 A refurbishing and rebrandishing of weapons.

reburst v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbəːst/

U.S.

/riˈbərst/

ΚΠ

a1836 J. H. Wiffen tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered (1858) vii. 164 His..trunk seems rebursting into bloom.

1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) iii. 74 The re-bursting forth..of the pacificated cities.

1999 Richmond (Va.) Times Dispatch (Nexis) 1 Oct. c1 A veteran producer who reburst onto the screen several years ago with ‘Gulliver's Travels’.

recable v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkeɪbl/

U.S.

/riˈkeɪb(ə)l/

ΚΠ

1879 Mountain Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 24 May 3/3 A Paris special to the London Telegraph, recabled to this side, says that the French government is fitting out several of its first-class war vessels.

1908 Daily Chron. 7 Apr. 1/7 Chicago, Monday... This afternoon..an alleged interview with Hackenschmidt is re-cabled from a London newspaper.

1995 Independent 24 Mar. 12/7 There was..the four-month wait for the television to be recabled.

recaptivate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkaptᵻveɪt/

U.S.

/riˈkæptəˌveɪt/

ΚΠ

1761 T. Smollett Sir Launcelot Greaves xx, in Brit. Mag. July 359/1 I must..starve in some sequestered corner, or be recaptivated, and confined for ever to close prison.

1839 Ladies' Compan. Aug. 156/1 To attract the being they were intended to re-captivate.

1969 Mod. Lang. Rev. 64 5 By this time she has managed to recaptivate her feckless spouse.

recaptivation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌkaptᵻˈveɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌkæptəˈveɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1880 E. Oppert Forbidden Land iv. 110 Serious efforts for their recovery or recaptivation.

1997 D. R. Hofstadter Le Ton Beau de Marot ii. 6 (heading) Resuscitation, recaptivation, reorientation... There took place one of those haphazard mental resuscitations of ‘Ma Mignonne’... As always, I found it captivating, and I recited it with delight to my wife Carol.

re-carve v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkɑːv/

U.S.

/riˈkɑrv/

ΚΠ

1828 Eclectic Rev. Dec. 533 Roubiliac..most liberally engaged to re-carve the head.

1924 J. Masefield Sard Harker 4 Men remembered this rhyme, and pled that it should be recarven.

1997 Church Times 5 Dec. 14 We started to re-carve missing and damaged pieces.

re-catalogue v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkatəlɒɡ/

/(ˌ)riːˈkatl̩ɒɡ/

U.S.

/riˈkædlˌɔɡ/

/riˈkædlˌɑɡ/

ΚΠ

1849 Rep. Commissioners Brit. Museum (1850) 395 I understand you to say that it was in re-cataloguing that collection you spent that time?

1967 N. S. M. Cox & M. W. Grose Organization Bibliogr. Rec. by Computer vi. 143 Many books already catalogued would have to be re-catalogued.

2003 J. Connolly Works (2004) iii. 122 I had the whole of my Vera Lynns to recatalogue later that evening, as I recall.

recentrifuge v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsɛntrᵻfjuː(d)ʒ/

U.S.

/riˈsɛntrəˌfju(d)ʒ/

ΚΠ

1905 Lancet 8 July 78/1 The deposit was washed in distilled water, re-centrifuged, and examined.

1938 A. A. Horvath Soybean Industry xi. 81 To further improve the oil it is agitated a second time with water containing..an alkaline reagent and recentrifuged.

1990 Jrnl. Developmental Physiol. 14 60/2 Supernatant was then decanted and filtered through nylon cloth and recentrifuged at 10,000 g for 7 min.

rechisel v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈtʃɪzl/

U.S.

/riˈtʃɪz(ə)l/

ΚΠ

1820 T. K. Cromwell Excurs. Ireland II. viii. 123 The produce..may be restored to its original white colour by re-chiselling.

1863 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 3 218 Jupiter..was re-chiselled into St. Peter.

1991 J. Varley Steel Beach (1993) 111 Unless he decreased his intelligence deliberately to a point that might endanger the very humans he was designed to protect, he would rechisel this particular wheel in due time.

rechromatograph v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkrəʊmətəɡrɑːf/

/(ˌ)riːˈkrəʊmətəɡraf/

/ˌriːkrə(ʊ)ˈmatəɡrɑːf/

/ˌriːkrə(ʊ)ˈmatəɡraf/

U.S.

/riˈkroʊmədəˌɡræf/

/ˌrikroʊˈmædəˌɡræf/

ΚΠ

1941 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 27 239 The filtrate..is evaporated, dissolved in a small volume of petroleum ether, and rechromatographed on calcium hydroxide.

1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 4093/1 RNA which did not bind to oligo(dT)–cellulose at high ionic strength was rechromatographed several times to ensure complete depletion of poly(A)-containing RNA.

rechromatography n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌkrəʊməˈtɒɡrəfi/

U.S.

/riˌkroʊməˈtɑɡrəfi/

ΚΠ

1943 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 65 1533/2 The lowest zone separated on rechromatography into a major portion, neo-dihydro-α-carotene A,..and a well-defined minor zone below it, neo B.

1996 P. Tempst et al. in A. L. Burlingame & S. A. Carr Mass Spectrometry in Biol. Sci. 108 Recoveries after rechromatography are typically on the order of 40–60%.

reclean v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkliːn/

U.S.

/riˈklin/

ΚΠ

1802 E. F. Robertson Life & Mem. 36 The servants..were constantly cleaning and re-cleaning, doing and undoing.

1883 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 5 587 The women reclean it by the fanning process.

1999 C. Mendelson Home Comforts lv. 648/2 You might try washing with a solution of enzyme-containing detergent... Reclean with an enzyme cleaner as soon as you can.

recleanse v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈklɛnz/

U.S.

/riˈklɛnz/

ΚΠ

1664 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Treat. Dis. Stone ii, in Wks. 834 The hoard of Tartars being already long since cast out and re-cleansed elsewhere..I must now in this place, wage War with the Precepts of Galen.

a1765 W. Dunkin Poet. Wks. (1770) II. 482 The holy bed of wedlock, if defil'd, Can never be recleans'd.

1874 G. H. Calvert Maid of Orleans ii. ii. 41 As though men's governance had failed on earth, And woman would recleanse infected power.

1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 437 The catheter must be thoroughly recleansed.

1984 Skin Diver (Nexis) Dec. 62 Water rushes out, constantly recleansing the slough.

reclone v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkləʊn/

U.S.

/riˈkloʊn/

ΚΠ

1930 Jrnl. Ecol. 18 357 One plant, derived by cloning from the original wild plant, was re-cloned to make 156 plants in September 1927.

1985 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald Amer. 15 Dec. l8/3 Positive cultures are frozen, recloned and analyzed.

2003 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 13203/1 After the second round of growth enrichment, library 1 was recloned.

recloning n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkləʊnɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈkloʊnɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1938 Jrnl. Ecol. 26 383 Many ramets now show ‘fairy-ring’ growth and natural recloning.

1962 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quantitative Biol. 27 410 Recloning of these clones gives rise to all converted clones.

2001 Jrnl. Parasitol. 87 624/1 The authenticity of the cDNA selected was demonstrated by recloning, expressing, and purification of the cDNA-encoded protein.

recodify v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkəʊdᵻfʌɪ/

U.S.

/riˈkɑdəˌfaɪ/

/riˈkoʊdəˌfaɪ/

ΚΠ

1818 S. T. Coleridge Misc. Crit. (1936) i. x. 185 It is curious that on this purely logical conception, or rather form of conceiving, Spinoza re-codified the pantheism of the old Greek philosophy.

1977 A. Giddens Stud. in Social & Polit. Theory ii. 121 Having decodified ‘functional explanation’, let me recodify a series of basic concepts which, I want to claim, supersede functionalism.

2002 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) (Nexis) 25 Apr. 14 It's been at least 25 years, and perhaps as much as five decades, since anyone recodified the village laws.

reconceptualization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːkənˌsɛptʃʊəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːkənˌsɛptʃᵿlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːkənˌsɛptʃl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːkənˌsɛptjʊəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːkənˌsɛptjᵿlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌrikənˌsɛp(t)ʃ(əw)əˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1918 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 15 561 There becomes necessary a more or less frequent revision, restatement and reconceptualization of these facts.

1950 R. K. Merton & A. Kitt in R. K. Merton & P. F. Lazarsfeld Continuities in Social Research 80 Reconceptualization operated to this end by suggesting the relevance of a previously developed body of theoretic propositions, thus reducing the ad hoc nature of current interpretations and making for continuity of present findings and theories of the past.

1973 Sci. Amer. Sept. 120/2 With a reconceptualization of the hospital as a therapeutic community.., many of the chronic inpatients were able to be returned to the community.

1995 Times Lit. Suppl. 18 Aug. 26/1 The recommendations urge a reconceptualization of the police ‘as an inner-city version of the Peace Corps’.

reconceptualize v.

Brit.

/ˌriːkənˈsɛptʃʊəlʌɪz/

/ˌriːkənˈsɛptʃᵿlʌɪz/

/ˌriːkənˈsɛptʃl̩ʌɪz/

/ˌriːkənˈsɛptjʊəlʌɪz/

/ˌriːkənˈsɛptjᵿlʌɪz/

U.S.

/ˌrikənˈsɛp(t)ʃ(əw)əˌlaɪz/

ΚΠ

1903 Philos. Rev. 12 28 Matter and force..are..constantly modified and reconceptualized to meet the demands of an ever-widening outlook upon the world of processes.

1977 A. Giddens Stud. in Social & Polit. Theory ii. 118 Let us at this juncture reconceptualize ‘structure’ as referring to generative rules and resources that are both applied in and constituted out of action.

1996 Daily Tel. 4 Sept. 3 Two black Americans are to rewrite or ‘reconceptualise’ the story.

recondemn v.

Brit.

/ˌriːkənˈdɛm/

U.S.

/ˌrikənˈdɛm/

[originally after French recondamner (1611 in Cotgrave)]

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Recondamner To recondemne, or condemne againe.

1678 H. Vaughan Thalia Rediviva 23 And recondemn'd to kiss his Tree, Yield the young Goddess unto thee.

1884 Law Times 77 331/2 The Divisional Courts have been re-condemned.

1998 Northern Echo (Nexis) 24 Mar. 7 The Government is concerned that the move should not result in another ‘injustice’ where some soldiers are pardoned but others are re-condemned.

reconscript v.

Brit.

/ˌriːkənˈskrɪpt/

U.S.

/ˌrikənˈskrɪpt/

ΚΠ

1864 Janesville (Wisconsin) Daily Gaz. 19 Jan. It is also recommended to re-conscript those whose term of service is about to expire.

1946 L. B. Lyon Rough Walk Home 17 Only his singular, re-conscripted breath Could fan to a purpose all that pyre his death.

2000 Express (Nexis) 11 Feb. The front line engulfed the programme and the remaining children were scattered. Some are feared to have been reconscripted.

recontamination n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːkənˌtaməˈneɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌrikənˌtæməˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1889 Science 13 Sept. 174/1 Water so treated will remain clear and odorless for a long time if protected from recontamination by insects, falling leaves, etc.

1936 W. L. Davies Chem. of Milk xix. 435 The bacterial count of roller-dried milk powder is very low, but re-contamination occurs before packing.

2006 Chattanooga (Tennessee) Times Free Press (Nexis) 4 Nov. g7 Using a damp cloth, wipe down the area to capture all dust and potential fibers. Rinse the cloth and change the water often to prevent recontamination of surfaces.

recontrast v.

Brit.

/ˌriːkənˈtrɑːst/

/ˌriːkənˈtrast/

/(ˌ)riːˈkɒntrɑːst/

/(ˌ)riːˈkɒntrast/

U.S.

/riˈkɑnˌtræst/

/ˌrikənˈtræst/

ΚΠ

1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xlviii. 160 In connection with the Brest-Litovsk treaty [Lenin] recontrasted those who were ‘revolutionaries out of sentiment’ with ‘real revolutionaries’.

1996 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 11 Nov. 46 Each image can be zoomed, rotated, flopped, mirrored, lightened, darkened or re-contrasted simply with the program's point-and-click interface.

recool v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkuːl/

U.S.

/riˈkul/

ΚΠ

1825 Mechanics' Mag. 16 Apr. 21/2 The water..can only be safely used in food or drink after it has been boiled, recooled, and allowed to settle for some time.

1903 S. Rideal Disinfection & Preservation Food xiv. 425 This brine, after picking up heat in the chambers, returns to the machine to be re-cooled.

1993 Biomed. Sci. Instrumentation 25 47 The new shape is retained until the part is rewarmed and recooled, at which time the part reverts to its original manufactured shape.

recooled adj.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkuːld/

U.S.

/riˈkuld/

ΚΠ

1891 J. H. Linsley tr. C. Fraenkel Text-bk. Bacteriol. 78 They [sc. boiled potatoes] are next halved with a heated and recooled knife.

1999 Jrnl. Aerosol Sci. 30 Suppl. 29 The gas..enters a packed column where it is cooled down by circulating recooled water.

recooling n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkuːlɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈkulɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1914 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 214 120 (caption) The four points..were obtained by recooling after the crystals had been melted.

1968 C. G. Kuper Introd. Theory Superconductivity v. 93 These nucleation centres are remarkably stable—they often survive the heating of the specimen to room temperature and subsequent recooling.

recorrect v.

Brit.

/ˌriːkəˈrɛkt/

U.S.

/ˌrikəˈrɛk(t)/

ΚΠ

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Ricoreggere To recorrect.

1758 T. Edwards Canons Crit. ii. 29 Which must be re-corrected thus.

1841 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 7 179 I can thus correct and re-correct as long as my eye perceives any difference between the original and the copy.

1980 Educ. Stud. Math. 11 31 Help the students reconstruct and recorrect the concept of ‘slide’.

recorrected adj.

Brit.

/ˌriːkəˈrɛktᵻd/

U.S.

/ˌrikəˈrɛktəd/

ΚΠ

1831 Q. Jrnl. Educ. Jan. 155 This little volume is a ‘corrected and recorrected’ edition of lessons actually given to children.

1862 T. A. Trollope Marietta II. xii. 205 Corrected and recorrected sheets.

1994 MTI Econews (Nexis) 4 Jan. The Budapest Stock Exchange on Monday published the final recorrected closing prices for December 31, 1993.

recorrection n.

Brit.

/ˌriːkəˈrɛkʃn/

U.S.

/ˌrikəˈrɛkʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1606 B. Barnes Foure Bks. Offices ii. 99 Such things (as cannot admit a recorrection, or reconsideration) must be with good discretion deliberated.

1861 B. Ridge Ourselves, our Food, & our Physic xv. 189 Much is done only to be expunged on correction and re-correction.

1935 Ecology 16 466 The same sort of sliding-scale recorrection may be applied.

2002 Univ. Toronto Law Jrnl. 52 55 The central monitor instead encourages the correction and re-correction of choices.

re-corrupt v.

Brit.

/ˌriːkəˈrʌpt/

U.S.

/ˌrikəˈrəpt/

ΚΠ

1796 J. B. Gilchrist Gram. Hindoostanee Lang. 93 We have even re-corrupted it to corge.

1860 F. W. Farrar Ess. Origin Lang. iii. 60 Re-corrupted into a purely mechanical word.

1992 Evening Standard (Nexis) 5 Mar. 43 There had been a moment of repentance, when she had gone back to the wily salesperson and asked for her old age again. But she had been re-corrupted without difficulty.

recrowd v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkraʊd/

U.S.

/riˈkraʊd/

ΚΠ

1836 Fraser's Mag. 13 306 Will the recognition of the independence of Buenos Ayres..recrowd its abandoned harbours?

1907 A. Stringer Woman in Rain 79 While re-crowd about his throne Those who serve when all is fair.

2002 Chattanooga (Tennessee) Times Free Press (Nexis) 13 May b6 Schools, due to cuts in state funding, are cutting teachers, recrowding classrooms and killing proposals for early reading programs.

recrush v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkrʌʃ/

U.S.

/riˈkrəʃ/

ΚΠ

1849 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. III. xv. 383 After sufficient washing, it no longer reddens turmeric-paper, unless it be recrushed in a mortar.

1912 Times 23 Dec. 14/4 Fully 50 per cent. of the crushed ore will need recrushing at a cost of 20 cents per ton.

2001 Britannia 32 273 The various specimens proved friable enough to be crushed using a wooden roller... Compound grains were sieved out and recrushed.

redebit v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈdɛbɪt/

U.S.

/riˈdɛbɪt/

ΚΠ

1754 Answers G. Moir 1 Messrs. Lane and Caswell had refused to honour the Draught; whereupon Mr. Bannerman immediately re-debited the Petitioner.

1860 Times 7 June 10/6 If they had been sent to Middleton and Son they would have redebited the Gibraltar firm.

1934 S. W. Rowland Hughes-Onslow's Lawyer's Man. Book-keeping (ed. 3) i. 9 The bank, for its part and from its point of view, credited when the cheque was paid in. Consequently when the cheque is found to be worthless, it redebits.

2005 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 18 Oct. d6 [They] re-debited my credit card by $414.74. That meant the airline had effectively been paid twice for the same ticket.

re-decimate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈdɛsᵻmeɪt/

U.S.

/riˈdɛsəˌmeɪt/

ΚΠ

1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 418 He consented to re-decimate those on whom the lot had fallen.

1968 Van Nuys (Calif.) News 26 Apr. 3/1 His personal fortune has been ‘decimated and re-decimated’.

re-decline v.

Brit.

/ˌriːdᵻˈklʌɪn/

U.S.

/ˌridəˈklaɪn/

/ˌridiˈklaɪn/

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Redecliner, to redecline, to decline againe.

1816 J. Austen Emma I. ix. 172 He re-urged—she re-declined .

1990 Playboy (Nexis) Jan. 48 [They] re- declined to prosecute a drug- smuggling case in which the Customs Service had confiscated a half ton of marijuana.

redecontaminate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌdiːk(ə)nˈtamᵻneɪt/

U.S.

/riˌdikənˈtæməˌneɪt/

ΚΠ

1935 A. P. Herbert What a Word! vi. 187 I do not think that she [sc. the Ship of State] was ever..‘redecontaminated’.

redecontamination n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌdiːk(ə)ntamᵻˈneɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌdikənˌtæməˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1935 A. P. Herbert What a Word! i. 21 The answer from high places was: ‘A process of redecontamination would be advisable.’

1969 P.E.N. 9 48 He recalled that at the beginning of the 1939 War the use of the word ‘contaminate’ for a gas attack had seemed comic, particularly when it involved ‘decontamination’ and ‘redecontamination’ stations.

2001 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 15 Nov. b5 Who will foot the bill for re-decontamination and lawsuits should human health be affected? Taxpayers?

redemarcation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌdiːmɑːˈkeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌdimɑrˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1924 W. W. Willoughby Fund. Concepts of Public Law i. vi. 62 This same spirit of enlightenment that has given rise to a demand for a re-demarcation of political boundaries will, in turn, as civilization continues to advance, make this demand less imperative.

1938 Times 17 Jan. 11/5 The chief violations [of the Soviet constitution] have been the redemarcation of internal frontiers and the formation of new territorial and administrative units.

2006 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 16 May 14 The result may be a redemarcation of old divides between Christianity and Islam—but only the Israeli Jewish Left so willing to give up on its own national identity would call this racism.

redesert v.

Brit.

/ˌriːdᵻˈzəːt/

U.S.

/ˌridəˈzərt/

/ˌridiˈzərt/

ΚΠ

1826 D. Denham & H. Clapperton Narr. Trav. N. & Central Afr. ii. 74 This day five of his horsemen, and twenty of his men on foot, re-deserted.

1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) VI. Index 572/1 He redeserts, and offers to negotiate for return of colonies to allegiance.

1981 Evolution 35 285/1 Males that redeserted their nest never returned and attacked the sculpin dummy.

redeserve v.

Brit.

/ˌriːdᵻˈzəːv/

U.S.

/ˌridəˈzərv/

/ˌridiˈzərv/

ΚΠ

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Ricambiáre To reward or redeserve againe.

1829 W. Taylor Historic Surv. German Poetry II. 76 A panegyric which..has not been redeserved by any subsequent poet.

1996 Financial Times (Nexis) 22 Aug. (Arts section) 15 Can these statuettes be recalled, pending serious and honourable attempts to re-deserve them?

rediscipline v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈdɪsᵻplᵻn/

U.S.

/riˈdɪsəplən/

ΚΠ

1860 J. White Hist. Eng. xi. iii. 728 Burgoyne resolved to make for..Saratoga, and refresh and re-discipline his men.

1875 R. D. Blackmore Alice Lorraine II. xxiii. 315 The British army,..sternly redisciplined, was eager to bound forward.

1999 Patriot Ledger (Quincy, Mass.) (Nexis) 6 Apr. e4 I wanted to re-discipline myself because I hadn't been to school in a while.

re-disembark v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌdɪs(ᵻ)mˈbɑːk/

/(ˌ)riːˌdɪsɛmˈbɑːk/

U.S.

/riˌdɪsɛmˈbɑrk/

/riˌdɪsəmˈbɑrk/

ΚΠ

1807 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1808) 11 353 The first expedition..was embarked, disembarked, re-embarked, re-disembarked, about ten times in ten months.

redisplay v.

Brit.

/ˌriːdᵻˈspleɪ/

U.S.

/ˌridəˈspleɪ/

ΚΠ

1749 A. Hill Gideon (rev. ed.) i. 4 Timely, thy home-bent Radiance, re-display'd, Struck the dim Doubter, and dispell'd the Shade.

1882 Albert Lea (Minnesota) Standard 25 May He..returned to the Knickerbocker store where he found the offensive notice had been redisplayed on the table.

1953 New Oxford (Pa.) Item 19 Feb. 7/1 The store is doing business as usual but is being renovated and the stock is being classified and redisplayed.

2002 Ashmolean Ann. Rep. 3 The Prehistoric collections are being gradually rearranged and redisplayed with particular attention being paid to the needs of younger visitors.

redisplay n.

Brit.

/ˌriːdᵻˈspleɪ/

U.S.

/ˌridəˈspleɪ/

ΚΠ

a1832 J. Bentham Ess. Logic in Wks. (1843) VIII. 261 No counting, no collection, no re-display, is necessary.

1975 Burlington Mag. Oct. 682/1 More instructive are the new Victorian Rooms at the National Portrait Gallery, the first phase in the planned re-display of all the Victorian and Edwardian material on the first floor.

2005 Communication Arts May–June 97/2 The socks can easily be placed back into the package after sampling for redisplay, unlike most of the competition.

redissect v.

Brit.

/ˌriːdᵻˈsɛkt/

/ˌriːdʌɪˈsɛkt/

U.S.

/ˌridəˈsɛk(t)/

/ˌriˌdaɪˈsɛk(t)/

ΚΠ

1839 J. P. Robertson & W. P. Robertson Lett. on Paraguay III. ii. 22 The tiresome prolixity with which he dissected, and redissected every particular.

1856 Q. Rev. 99 396 We are not going to re-dissect the ‘Essais’.

1999 Idaho Falls Post Reg. (Nexis) 11 Oct. b1 In a procedure that took six hours, Hicks went through White's skin and redissected the diseased part of the jaw.

redocketing n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈdɒkᵻtɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈdɑkədɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1840 Irish Law Rep. 2 121 The provisions..for the re-docketing and continuance of these judgments.

1872 4th Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. Ireland 11 in Parl. Papers (C. 515) XXXIII. 297 The re-docketing and revival books.

1956 Harvard Law Rev. 70 326 The redocketing of a case at a later date is referred to in many cities as a postponement or an adjournment.

2001 Indiana Lawyer (Nexis) 10 Oct. 8 We should implement this redocketing fee and hopefully Bob..can convince you guys that 100 percent of that should stay in the counties.

redry v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈdrʌɪ/

U.S.

/riˈdraɪ/

ΚΠ

1778 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. Digest 67 Be careful to re-dry every lock in rainy weather.

1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. I. iv. 87 Malt that has suffered injury..will not be recovered by redrying it.

1977 Financial Times 9 Sept. 33/6 Sunday was fine and we cut about 50 acres of wheat and were still re-drying it through Wednesday as Monday and Tuesday were very poor harvesting days.

1994 P. Baker Blood Posse xii. 145 She busied herself around the draining rack, drying and redrying the plates.

re-earn v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈəːn/

U.S.

/riˈərn/

ΚΠ

1837 Reg. Deb. Congr. 13 1968 By the sweat of their brow they will have to re-earn their respective portions of the surplus revenue when it shall have been deposited in the State treasuries.

1879 H. Barnett in Macmillan's Mag. June 135 The opportunities of re-earning a character.

1936 M. Moore Let. 18 Jan. in Sel. Lett. (1997) 359 But a frenzied miser could not have been more desperate than I have been at times, in thinking of lost savings which I am now incapable of re-earning.

2007 Anchorage (Alaska) Daily News (Nexis) 9 Apr. f1 If you want your supervisor to treat you the way she did before you broke your promise, you need to re-earn her trust.

re-emanation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌɛməˈneɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌɛməˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

a1832 J. Bentham Ess. Logic in Wks. (1843) VIII. 225 Recession out of or re-emanation from it.

1981 J. L. Brockington Sacred Thread x. 193 The emanation of the universe, its destruction and re-emanation, the reigns and periods of the Manus, the genealogies of the gods and sages, and the genealogy of the solar and lunar dynasties.

re-empower v.

Brit.

/ˌriːᵻmˈpaʊə/

/ˌriːɛmˈpaʊə/

U.S.

/ˌriᵻmˈpaʊ(ə)r/

/ˌriɛmˈpaʊ(ə)r/

ΚΠ

1659 J. Audley Englands Common-wealth 15 People thus re-impowred may (with the same Liberty) set up other Governours over themselves.

1849 R. Bell Memorials Civil War II. 3 The Parliamentary Committee of Safety is re-empowered.

1993 R. Limbaugh See, I told you So iii. 29 Today, as liberalism has been re-empowered, it's fashionable again to punish achievement.

re-enrich v.

Brit.

/ˌriːᵻnˈrɪtʃ/

/ˌriːɛnˈrɪtʃ/

U.S.

/ˌriᵻnˈrɪtʃ/

/ˌriɛnˈrɪtʃ/

ΚΠ

1847 O. S. Fowler Self-Culture (new ed.) i. 20 A given piece of land..if re-enriched only with the manure made from the cast-off portion of its own products..will support human life.

1936 Port Arthur (Texas) News 9 July 12/3 Later the stubble will be plowed under to re-enrich the ground.

1992 Nature 15 Oct. 626/1 Plume heads may be re-enriched by percolation of small-degree partial melts, such as nephelinitic magmas.

re-enrichment n.

Brit.

/ˌriːᵻnˈrɪtʃm(ə)nt/

/ˌriːɛnˈrɪtʃm(ə)nt/

U.S.

/ˌriᵻnˈrɪtʃmənt/

/ˌriɛnˈrɪtʃmənt/

ΚΠ

1914 H. James Notes Son & Brother vii. 201 She in the later time..alighted again, to the no small re-enrichment of a company of friends.

1957 Stanford Law Rev. 10 10 Some such isotopes can be used, after removal of certain elements and ‘re-enrichment’, for reactor fuel.

re-equilibrate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌiːkwᵻˈlʌɪbreɪt/

/(ˌ)riːˌɛkwᵻˈlʌɪbreɪt/

/(ˌ)riːˌiːkwᵻˈlɪbreɪt/

/(ˌ)riːˌɛkwᵻˈlɪbreɪt/

/ˌriːiːˈkwɪlᵻbreɪt/

/ˌriːᵻˈkwɪlᵻbreɪt/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈkwɪləˌbreɪt/

/ˌriɛˈkwɪləˌbreɪt/

/ˌriiˈkwɪləˌbreɪt/

ΚΠ

1876 H. Spencer Princ. Sociol. I. viii. 107 If the environing action changes, the species changes until it re-equilibrates itself with them.

1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth i. 27/1 Once an igneous rock has completely solidified, however, the absence of a fluid phase and the reduction of temperature make it very difficult for the minerals to re-equilibrate to new assemblages which would be stable at lower temperatures.

re-equilibration n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌiːkwᵻlʌɪˈbreɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌɛkwᵻlʌɪˈbreɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌiːkwᵻlᵻˈbreɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌɛkwᵻlᵻˈbreɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːiːˌkwɪlᵻˈbreɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːᵻˌkwɪlᵻˈbreɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriəˌkwɪləˈbreɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌriɛˌkwɪləˈbreɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌriiˌkwɪləˈbreɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. ii. ix. 283 The re-equilibration of constitution and conditions proceeds in the human race very slowly.

1937 Rural Sociol. 2 173 The fact that the means of subsistence increase more rapidly than the population may be a factor of re-equilibration.

2004 Anal. & Bioanal. Chem. 378 383/1 The whole chromatographic run, including re-equilibration of the column, took 35 min.

re-essay v.

Brit.

/ˌriːɛˈseɪ/

U.S.

/ˌriɛˈseɪ/

ΚΠ

1826 C. Tompson Wild Notes 16 It bids wrapt Fancy bound with livelier spring, And wake and re-essay her weary wing.

1851 C. L. Smith tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered ii. lxxxix His reasoning in these words he re-essayed.

1967 Port Arthur (Texas) News 10 Sept. c3/2 Dame Margot and Labis..will be re-essaying their Kansas City roles as Elizabeth and Essex.

2001 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 11 Aug. 8 He mixes some of the fabulous material that he had re-essayed in his 1968 TV special comeback show..with some ridiculous..schlock.

re-estimate n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈɛstᵻmət/

U.S.

/riˈɛstᵻmət/

ΚΠ

1830 Jrnl. Assembly State N.Y. 279 Praying for a re-estimate of damages alleged to have been sustained by them.

1920 T. S. Woolsey Stud. French Forestry x. 287 In case the area which is being cleared is burned over, a re-estimate of the work may be made and the contract relet.

1952 S. Spender Shelley 44 Not so much a re-estimate, as a restoring of some sort of balance.

2001 Massage & Bodywork Dec. 143/1 Between 1998, when Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals (ABMP) first gathered such data, and summer 2001 when a re-estimate was made, the number of practicing massage therapists grew from 137,390 to 166,698.

re-estimate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈɛstᵻmeɪt/

U.S.

/riˈɛstəˌmeɪt/

ΚΠ

1821 Public Statute Laws Connecticut 131 Which court..may..appoint three other freeholders..to re-estimate such damages.

1907 A. J. Milroy & M. Robertson tr. A. Magnus-Levy in C. von Noorden et al. Metabolism & Pract. Med. I. iv. 274 Where we have to deal with an illness which..does affect metabolism..it must naturally be taken into account, and the figures modified, or, better still, re-estimated.

1964 K. G. Lockyer Introd. Crit. Path Anal. ix. 89 An alternative is to insert the actual (or re-estimated) times.

1994 Independent on Sunday 6 Nov. (Business section) 8/3–5 More important is that the Bank's number crunchers have re-estimated the past statistical relationship between inflation and the dreaded ‘output gap’.

re-evocation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌiːvə(ʊ)ˈkeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌɛvə(ʊ)ˈkeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌivoʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌɛvəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌɛvoʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1921 D. Ainslie tr. B. Croce Theory & Hist. of Historiography i. ii. 43 Each one of us is not content with inquiring into history, but also acts, and in acting can quite well avail himself of the re-evocation of this or that image.

1924 S. Joyce in J. Joyce Lett. (1966) III. 104 This re-evocation and exaggeration of detail by detail and the spiritual dejection which accompanies them are purely in the spirit of the confessional.

2000 Financial Times (Nexis) 1 Apr. (Travel section) 15 What is so gratifying in Delhi is that, instead of the sprayed-on ‘heritage’ atmosphere of the Strand,..what has been achieved in the Indian city is a more genuine historical re-evocation.

re-evoke v.

Brit.

/ˌriːᵻˈvəʊk/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈvoʊk/

/ˌriiˈvoʊk/

ΚΠ

1851 Times 10 Feb. 5/2 The announcement..that the measure for the abolition of the Irish Court is to be again brought forward this session has re-evoked the tempest of ‘nationality’ that had in a great measure been lulled..at the recent meeting in the Rotunda.

1894 G. Du Maurier Trilby iv It was as though..the keen, quick, razor-like edge of his power to reach and re-evoke the bygone charm and glamour and essence of things had been blunted and coarsened.

1990 Brain 113 1594 The central device needed to trigger that activity must have some of the properties of Damasio's ‘convergence zones’ which drive the retroactive activity and thus re-evoke mental representations in the relevant association cortices of the modalities concerned.

re-exhilarate v.

Brit.

/ˌriːᵻɡˈzɪləreɪt/

/ˌriːɛɡˈzɪləreɪt/

U.S.

/ˌriɪɡˈzɪləˌreɪt/

/ˌriɛɡˈzɪləˌreɪt/

ΚΠ

1812 J. J. Henry Accurate Acct. Campaign against Quebec 195 It often re-exhilarates my mind to remember the occurrences.

1925 Jrnl. Social Forces 3 248/1 And so the old weary processes, re-exhilarated by the wine of a new aim, begin afresh.

2006 Print Week (Nexis) 1 June 35 Perhaps that's encouraged Presstek to re-exhilarate the market.

re-explain v.

Brit.

/ˌriːᵻkˈspleɪn/

/ˌriːɛkˈspleɪn/

U.S.

/ˌriɪkˈspleɪn/

/ˌriɛkˈspleɪn/

ΚΠ

1758 tr. Voltaire Maid of Orleans I. iii. 60 What writings, what disquisitions, what mandates, what explications, to be re-explained [Fr. que l'on explique encor], lest any thing should be understood!

1804–6 S. Smith Elem. Sketches Moral Philos. (1850) xix. 282 A writer has no such..power of re-explaining them.

1904 H. James Golden Bowl II. xxxi. 126 She had explained at home, she had repeatedly re-explained, the terms of her dilemma.

1989 ‘J. Gash’ Jade Woman (1990) xxi. 181 Geckos I'd seen before but had to have them re-explained to me.

re-explanation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌɛkspləˈneɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌɛkspləˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1753 J. Scott Notes & Observ. Genesis 246 He is not to expect here a Re-explanation of them.

1825 B. Montagu Inq. Courts of Commissioners of Bankrupts iv. 97 By examination and re-examination, explanation and re-explanation.

1972 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 66 452/2 The possible continued re-explanation of the same voting acts.

re-exploration n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌɛkspləˈreɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌɛkspləˈreɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

a1850 S. H. Tyng in W. P. Strickland Hist. Amer. Bible Soc. (1850) 421 The whole land in which we dwell needs a re-exploration and supply.

1901 Oxf. Times 2 Mar. 3/5 Successful re-exploration of the royal tombs at Abydos.

1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 453 (heading) A retrospective analysis of 93 patients undergoing 128 re-explorations for persistent or recurrent hypercalcaemia is presented.

re-explore v.

Brit.

/ˌriːᵻkˈsplɔː/

/ˌriːɛkˈsplɔː/

U.S.

/ˌriɪkˈsplɔr/

/ˌriɛkˈsplɔr/

ΚΠ

a1725 W. Wagstaffe Dr. Woodward's Ghost (1748) 8 Unenvied Realms, I re-explore.

1845 H. Miller Let. 16 Oct. in P. Bayne Life & Lett. H. Miller (1871) II. vi. iii. 403 I took coach for the Leasowes, where I spent some hours in re-exploring, and then, passing through Hales Owen, walked on to the Clent Hills.

1933 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 142 350 For this reason we have not re-explored this region, since we could not hope to detect the presence of groups of such weak intensity.

1994 Skydiving Feb. 6/4 Test jumpers should jump these suspect Novas in various conditions. Every corner of their flight envelopes should be reexplored.

re-expose v.

Brit.

/ˌriːᵻkˈspəʊz/

/ˌriːɛkˈspəʊz/

U.S.

/ˌriɪkˈspoʊz/

/ˌriɛkˈspoʊz/

ΚΠ

1693 Coll. Mod. Eng. Bks. (title page) He that bids most is the buyer; but if any difference arise, which the company can't decide, the book to be re-exposed.

1709 Philos. Trans. 1708–09 (Royal Soc.) 26 383 In re-exposing these chrystalline particles to the focus upon charcoal, they melted very easily, and took again the form of tin.

1883 Times 29 Mar. 3/2 The detachment of Prussia from Austria..would re-expose the thrones of Europe to the disimprisoned forces of anarchy.

1946 Nature 28 Dec. 946/1 The slides are located in their former position and re-exposed.

1997 Eng. Nature Nov. 3/2 Climber Eric Stevens went over the edge of a crag to clear assorted climbing plants, ivy and clematis and re-expose the host of small ostracod fossils.

re-exposure n.

Brit.

/ˌriːᵻkˈspəʊʒə/

/ˌriːɛkˈspəʊʒə/

U.S.

/ˌriɪkˈspoʊʒər/

/ˌriɛkˈspoʊʒər/

ΚΠ

1793 Minutes for Alexander Mackenzie 5 A demand made for a re-exposure of the lots which he had bought.

1813 Ann. Philos. 2 196 The property of affording a fresh quantity of ashes on re-exposure to the fire.

1911 Times 12 Aug. 10/6 A successful re-exposure of an important Scottish estate in Ayrshire.

1993 Sci. Amer. May 39/3 Often the rapid reexposure to oxygen generates highly reactive molecular species, known as free radicals, that can do further damage.

refabricate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfabrᵻkeɪt/

U.S.

/riˈfæbrəˌkeɪt/

ΚΠ

1801 Repertory of Arts 14 Contents p. v Specification of Mr. Koops's Patent for refabricating Paper.

1852 De Bow's Rev. Dec. 616/2 We allow..little for the use of the precious metals in the arts, because a great quantity of that raw material is refabricated.

a1942 B. Malinowski Sci. Theory of Culture (1944) 164 In a small farcical form, such a charter has been refabricated in the Blut und Boden doctrine of modern Naziism.

1989 New Yorker 18 Sept. 133/2 Only a master of tone could refabricate the sanctimonious and yet sincere, the self-serving and yet admirable farrago of words and TV images with which Americans surround their mistakes.

refabrication n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌfabrᵻˈkeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌfæbrəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1799 Repertory of Arts 10 136 (heading) Processes for the Re-fabrication of printed Paper.

1846 W. Greener Sci. Gunnery (new ed.) App. 415 The old wrought iron is useless for refabrication.

1980 Times 7 Mar. 25/4 Refabrication of the uranium and plutonium into new fuel assemblies.

re-fascinate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfasᵻneɪt/

U.S.

/riˈfæsəˌneɪt/

ΚΠ

1846 W. S. Landor Hellenics in Wks. (1846) II. 485 With blood enough will I re~fascinate The cursed incantation.

1941 Kingsport (Tennessee) Times 13 Mar. 3/3 When..women find out that their husbands are tired of them, they..take the whole works at the beauty shops and get busy trying to refascinate their husbands and turn them into lovers once more.

2004 Denver Post (Nexis) 19 Nov. f1 When I started making this movie, I went to Thomas Jefferson's home and became reacquainted, re-fascinated with the genius of the Founding Fathers.

refeature v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfiːtʃə/

U.S.

/riˈfitʃər/

ΚΠ

1904 Bismarck (N. Dakota) Daily Tribune 25 Aug. 2/2 The frequent calls for Mr. Schmol to come out and refeature the statue resulted in an open rupture and a recourse to lawyers.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 529 The face of Martin Cunningham, bearded, refeatures Shakespeare's beardless face.

1997 Boston Herald (Nexis) 18 Nov. 4 (caption) Barbie's new face refeatures a closed mouth, straighter hair, a finer nose and less makeup.

refecundate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfɛk(ə)ndeɪt/

/(ˌ)riːˈfiːk(ə)ndeɪt/

U.S.

/riˈfɛkənˌdeɪt/

ΚΠ

1957 L. Durrell Justine iii. 199 The resonance of this one phrase refecundated his powers of feeling.

reflog v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈflɒɡ/

U.S.

/riˈflɑɡ/

ΚΠ

1843 Baron Mac Guckin de Slane tr. Ibn Khallikan Biogr. Dict. II. 548 I wish I had been flogged and reflogged for every question of law on which I pronounced an opinion founded on my own private judgment.

1882 St. James's Gaz. 24 June 11/1 The same offender has..become liable to be reflogged.

1997 Scotl. on Sunday (Nexis) 8 June 17 They keep flogging and re-flogging the dead horse of ethnic Scottishness as a civic identity.

re-flush v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈflʌʃ/

U.S.

/riˈfləʃ/

ΚΠ

1825 N.Y. Rev. Sept. 311 Sickly cheek reflushed With the warm current.

1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xlii. 495 The tints remained during several minutes..paling almost away, for a moment, then re-flushing,—a shifting, restless, unstable succession of soft opaline gleams.

1998 Falconers & Raptor Conservation Mag. Spring 33/1 Although we do not hound our quarry for hours on end we are prepared to ‘re-flush’ a pheasant a couple of times.

refoliate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfəʊlɪeɪt/

U.S.

/riˈfoʊliˌeɪt/

ΚΠ

1932 Amer. Naturalist 66 357 Out of fifty neighboring trees of S. japonica on the university campus, only two were completely defoliated... Two months later they were completely refoliated.

1963 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Feb. 143/1 The Book of Durrow..was taken to pieces,..rearranged, refoliated, repaired, reconditioned and..superbly rebound.

2004 D. H. Janzen in G. W. Frankie et al. Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica vii. 87 Although there is a great burst of new foliage at the beginning of the rainy season, individual plants may refoliate as much as a month before to a month after, depending on the species of plant.

refoliation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌfəʊlɪˈeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌfoʊliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1897 Science 4 June 892/2 A double ring..resulting from refoliation of the branches denuded shortly after the season's growth had begun.

1956 Nature 31 Mar. 619/2 Oidium heveae is most prominent in Malaya at the time of refoliation after ‘wintering’ of the trees.

1991 Birder's World Oct. 14/3 There has been an upsurge in kite populations in some areas... This may be attributable..to landscaping and refoliation along hundreds of miles of freeway.

re-ford v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfɔːd/

U.S.

/riˈfɔrd/

ΚΠ

1825 A. Cunningham in B. Field Geogr. Mem. New S. Wales vi. 137 I accordingly reforded the Cugeegong.

1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 200 He quenches his thirst as he re-fords the stream.

1948 Classical Jrnl. 43 266/2 A desperate gamble to re-ford the Metaurus.

reforward v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfɔːwəd/

U.S.

/riˈfɔrwərd/

ΚΠ

1852 A. Jones Hist. Sketch of Electric Telegraph iii. 21 The plan at first was to receive a message at one station, and then reforward it, and each way-operator had to be on the look-out.

1911 Mrs. H. Ward Case of Richard Meynell xxiii. 484 Hester's telegram, sent originally to Upcote and reforwarded, had reached Meynell in Paris.

1957 M. Lowry Let. 29 Apr. (1967) 407 Your letter of March 12..Cape sent it back to Canada again, so that it had to get reforwarded again from B.C. before I received it.

2001 Miami Herald (Nexis) 28 May g21 The example you sent me was an e-mail that had been forwarded and re-forwarded several times in what's called the ‘attachment’ style.

re-forwarding n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfɔːwədɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈfɔrwərdɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1852 A. Jones Hist. Sketch of Electric Telegraph xiv. 136 Six for the New-York press, and the remaining copies for reforwarding to the press in other cities and towns.

1899 Times 19 Apr. 8/2 The package was..in due course was despatched by them per London and North-Western Railway to our care for re-forwarding.

1947 J. Hilton So well Remembered iv. 265 George's last two letters had never reached Charles... (They did arrive, eventually, after a series of fantastic re-forwardings.)

2002 Asia Pulse (Nexis) 2 Oct. With the deployment of Unicenter, such intuitive event management features as message banners, email or pager alerts, message re-forwarding,..or even pre-defined recover actions, may be invoked.

refrequent v.

Brit.

/ˌriːfrᵻˈkwɛnt/

/(ˌ)riːˈfriːkwənt/

U.S.

/ˌrifriˈkwɛnt/

/ˌriˈfrikwənt/

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Refrequenter, to refrequent.

1858 Househ. Words 7 Aug. 184/1 He..refrequents verdant landscapes.

2004 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 20 May 41 The best reason to re-frequent an eatery since happy hour.

refurl v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfəːl/

U.S.

/riˈfərl/

ΚΠ

1844 Knickerbocker Oct. 323 Close-reefing topsails and coursers, and re-furling them snugly to the yards.

1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 131 Refurl the sails.

1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 62 I have gone abovedecks in crashing midnight weather to refurl storm-loosened sails.

reimpatriate v.

Brit.

/ˌriːɪmˈpatrɪeɪt/

/ˌriːɪmˈpeɪtrɪeɪt/

U.S.

/ˌriᵻmˈpeɪtriˌeɪt/

ΚΠ

1618 J. Harmar tr. D. Heinsius Mirrour of Humilitie ii. 51 That hee might thereby restore it vnto its prime and first state, and as it were, reimpatriate vs [L. vt naturam nostram per originem reatum vsque ad inferos depressam].

1911 W. De Morgan Likely Story vi. 179 Dulgrove's representative..promised upon the honour of both to return at half-past ten to reimpatriate the two ladies at Athabasca Villa.

re-impatriation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːɪmˌpatrɪˈeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːɪmˌpeɪtrɪˈeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriᵻmˌpeɪtriˈeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1853 A. H. Clough in N. Amer. Rev. July 2 (note) The word spoom..seems hardly to deserve re-impatriation.

reincubate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈɪŋkjᵿbeɪt/

/(ˌ)riːˈɪnkjᵿbeɪt/

U.S.

/riˈɪnkjəˌbeɪt/

/riˈɪŋkjəˌbeɪt/

ΚΠ

1917 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 3 272 Reagan has put Swift's observations to a crucial experimental test by removing the crescentic germ-cell area of the primitive-streak stage, and reincubating such operated specimens.

1962 H. L. Kern et al. in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 386 The lenses were subsequently removed, dipped in saline containing antibiotics, and reincubated at 37°C.

2005 Developm. Biol. 288 285/2 Eggs were sealed with Scotch tape and chimeric embryos were reincubated for an additional 3–6 days.

reincubation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌɪŋkjᵿˈbeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌɪnkjᵿˈbeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriˌɪnkjəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌriˌɪŋkjəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1927 Q. Rev. Biol. 2 382/2 If the periphery of a mass of such cells growing in vitro is isolated from the main body by an incision the peripheral cells no longer grow, on reincubation.

1994 Breeding Sci. 44 361 Reincubation of plants at 28°C following the 5°C treatment caused a rapid decrease of RNA levels detected with all the clones.

reinfarction n.

Brit.

/ˌriːɪnˈfɑːkʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriᵻnˈfɑrkʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1948 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 36 841 There was definite evidence of recent reinfarction of the lateral portion of the apex.

1990 Health Shopper Jan. 5/4 Garlic can have an effect on individual risk factors for arteriosclerosis, mortality and reinfarction rate in heart attack patients.

reinitialize v.

Brit.

/ˌriːɪˈnɪʃəlʌɪz/

/ˌriːɪˈnɪʃl̩ʌɪz/

U.S.

/ˌriᵻˈnɪʃəˌlaɪz/

ΚΠ

1970 SIAM Jrnl. Numerical Anal. 7 164 When the cosine of the angle..turns out to be less than 10^-5, we reinitialize A_i to a diagonal matrix whose (jj) element is minus the absolute value of the ratio of the jth element of σ_i to the jth element of g_i.

1973 C. W. Gear Introd. Computer Sci. vi. 246 It is very easy to make the mistake of transferring back to the start of the loop, forgetting to re-initialize variables when it is required.

2005 Mountain Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 10 Oct. a6/4 Given access to the cards' contents, it became an easy matter to duplicate them..and to reinitialize a voter card so that it could be used to vote multiple times.

reinput v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈɪnpʊt/

U.S.

/riˈɪnˌpʊt/

ΚΠ

1964 C. Dent Quantity Surv. by Computer vi. 88 The items are queried and re-input, except for zero items, which will not be required to appear in the bill in any case.

1986 Data Processing 28 144/3 If a field has to be corrected, simply entering the number of the field will cause the system to prompt for the field to be reinput.

2004 Toronto Star (Nexis) 21 Oct. j6 The biggest hurdle..after a merger is to make a system that can access existing and new databases, preventing the need to reinput data.

reinsphere v.

Brit.

/ˌriːɪnˈsfɪə/

U.S.

/ˌriᵻnˈsfɪ(ə)r/

ΚΠ

1872 H. Bushnell Serm. Living Subj. 281 To be unsphered here and reinsphered in a promised life.

reintend v.

Brit.

/ˌriːɪnˈtɛnd/

U.S.

/ˌriᵻnˈtɛnd/

ΚΠ

1826 W. Irving in Life & Lett. (1864) IV. 403 I have, as usual, intended and reintended to write to you.

reintensify v.

Brit.

/ˌriːɪnˈtɛnsᵻfʌɪ/

U.S.

/ˌriᵻnˈtɛnsəˌfaɪ/

ΚΠ

1891 Science May 297/1 A fresh explosion occurred at the Hurdwar fair in India in1867, whence it was carried to Persia and Russia, being re-intensified en route by the pilgrimage at Great Mesched.

1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-offset ix. 133 Reintensify if added contrast is required.

2006 Geelong (Austral.) Advertiser (Nexis) 29 Aug. 15 The decision comes amid fears a tropical storm could reintensify into a hurricane.

reintervention n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌɪntəˈvɛnʃn/

U.S.

/riˌɪn(t)ərˈvɛn(t)ʃən/

ΚΠ

1853 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 9) iii. xxxiii. 573 Nothing less than the reintervention of the Deity was thought adequate.

re-intuition n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌɪntjʊˈɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌɪntʃʊˈɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌɪnt(j)uˈɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1872 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) II. vii. iv. 356 The Space..in which the re-intuition or imagination of things occurs.

reisolate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈʌɪsəleɪt/

/(ˌ)riːˈɪsəleɪt/

U.S.

/riˈaɪsəˌleɪt/

ΚΠ

1881 H. Linton U.S. Patent 256,228 (1882) 4/1 The pawl will be disengaged from the ratchet of the disk P, thus reisolating it.

1946 Nature 14 Sept. 379/1 Leaf infection of onion seedlings was obtained by ascospore inoculation, and the fungus was re-isolated from the lesions.

1995 L. Garrett Coming Plague (new ed.) xii. 403 He was then able to re-isolate the toxin from the rabbits' infected mucosa.

reisolated adj.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈʌɪsəleɪtᵻd/

/(ˌ)riːˈɪsəleɪtᵻd/

U.S.

/riˈaɪsəˌleɪdᵻd/

ΚΠ

1921 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 8 22 A comparative study of the enzyme from the original as contrasted with the reisolated strains was also made.

1977 J. L. Harper Population Biol. Plants xi. 348 The re-isolated micro-organism and that originally inoculated must be tested for identity.

2005 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 345 731 Southern analysis of the re-isolated plasmid did not show the presence of linear DNA.

reisolation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌʌɪsəˈleɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌɪsəˈleɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌaɪsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1896 Amer. Naturalist 30 636 Discovery of germs in the inoculated, disease tissues, re-isolation of the same, and growth on various media.

1949 W. J. Dowson Man. Bact. Plant Dis. iv. 25 The re-isolation of the inoculated bacterium which has reproduced the symptoms of the disease is effected in the same way in which the original isolation was made.

1997 Vet. Microbiol. 57 301 Infection was verified by reisolation of the virus from serum and other tissue samples.

rekeyboard v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkiːbɔːd/

U.S.

/riˈkiˌbɔrd/

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > typing > type [verb (transitive)] > retype

retype1893

rekeyboard1967

1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Offset Processes iv. 79 A key is then punched, which makes the carriage move to the left, and the entire line is re-keyboarded.

1999 F. H. Silverman Publishing for Tenure & Beyond vi. 77 If you use word-processing software with outlining capability, you should not have to rekeyboard the content of an outline.

relist v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈlɪst/

U.S.

/riˈlɪst/

ΚΠ

1810 T. Johnes tr. E. de Monstrelet Chronicles XI. vii. 57 All who..had been disbanded..should appear before certain commissioners whom he had ordered..to relist them for his service.

1827 Times 1 Jan. 2/2 The jurymen called to supply the places of the absent jurymen shall be relisted by lot in the public sitting.

1963 Times 29 May 7/2 The practice of ‘stop-listing’, ‘delisting’, and then ‘relisting’ areas can be a powerful deterrent to industrialists.

2003 Daily Tel. 19 May 25/8 The telecoms equipment company is relisted after a £4 billion debt forgiveness scheme that saved it from collapse.

relubricate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈluːbrᵻkeɪt/

U.S.

/riˈlubrəˌkeɪt/

ΚΠ

1903 N.W. Lord Notes on Metall. Anal. 186 Should such an accident happen, the stopcock must be immediately taken out, washed, and then relubricated with vaseline.

1948 A. W. Turner & E. J. Johnson Machines for Farm, Ranch & Plantation xii. 517 Use pressure-lubrication guns to replace all grease in the bearings. Remove old grease and relubricate.

2001 Family Planning Perspectives 33 186/1 When a sample of women washed, dried and relubricated female condoms up to seven times, the devices continued to meet FDA requirements.

re-magnification n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌmaɡnᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌmæɡnəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1882 Knowledge No. 16. 332 He..reduces the image..and then shows it by re-magnification.

1989 Word Ways 22 9/2 Remagnification.

remarshal v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈmɑːʃl/

U.S.

/riˈmɑrʃ(ə)l/

ΚΠ

1840 Mirror Lit., Amusem., & Instr. 15 Feb. Suppl. 120/1 The procession began to re-marshal itself for its return.

1878 F. S. Williams Midland Railway (ed. 4) 359 Being re-marshalled as empties for the down traffic.

1970 Times 2 Mar. 9/5 Too little time in which to remarshal their forces.

remarshalling n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈmɑːʃl̩ɪŋ/

/(ˌ)riːˈmɑːʃəlɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈmɑrʃ(ə)lɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1859 R. A. Wilson New Hist. Conquest Mexico 26 A remarshalling of former witnesses.

1922 Times 1 Mar. p. iv/3 The remarshalling of the procession.

1956 Phoenix 10 96 The stubborn remarshalling of resources.

re-mirror v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈmɪrə/

U.S.

/riˈmɪrər/

ΚΠ

1845 C. Lindsay Alfred i. iv. 44 With every circumstance remirrored back?

1881 H. Phillips tr. L. C. A. von Chamisso Faust 19 Thy empty sounds..Re-mirror all the shadows of thy brain.

1978 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 39 548 Sincero's unhappy love is mirrored and remirrored.

remultiply v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈmʌltᵻplʌɪ/

U.S.

/riˈməltəˌplaɪ/

[compare post-classical Latin remultiplicare (12th cent. in a British source)]

ΚΠ

1655 A. Brewer Love-sick King iii. sig. D2 That re-multiplied again, good brother, may help his Halfpenny and his Lambs-skin somewhat.

1743 A. Hill Fanciad ii. 17 Augusta hears: and, thro' her marbly Throats, Winding, re-multiplies the clashing Notes.

1861 J. C. H. Fane & Ld. Lytton Tannhäuser 34 That..Remultiplies the praise of what is good.

1936 Science 84 10a/2 These re-multiply into considerable cell-clumps.

1994 Agric. Hist. 68 22 It is not known to what extent farmers remultiplied the seed they received.

renourish v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈnʌrɪʃ/

U.S.

/riˈnərɪʃ/

/riˈnʊrɪʃ/

ΚΠ

1635 J. Vicars tr. R. Brathwait Last Trumpet iv. 77 I therefore purpose a new course to take..Whereby, my soule I may with grace renourish.

1863 E. Bulwer-Lytton Caxtoniana I. 160 In proportion as he is always renourishing his genius.

1999 Americas 56 297 Humans must bury their dead to re-nourish the earth.

reorchestrate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈɔːkᵻstreɪt/

/(ˌ)riːˈɔːkɛstreɪt/

U.S.

/riˈɔrkəˌstreɪt/

ΚΠ

1881 Athenæum 18 June 824/3 A considerable portion of the work was re-orchestrated.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 13 May 4/3 The ‘Marseillaise’ has just been reorchestrated by order of the Minister of War.

1996 Films in Rev. Mar. 12/1 The music accompanying the battle with the giant spider might be slowed down and re-orchestrated, even re-composed many times, but the stylistic core was the same.

reorchestration n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌɔːkᵻˈstreɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌɔːkɛˈstreɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌɔrkəˈstreɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1904 Musical Times 45 329/1 The question you raise, though not new, is an interesting one—the re-orchestration, here and there, of the classics in music.

1940 L. MacNeice Poems 251 Smuggling over the frontier Of fact a sense of value, Metabolism of death, Re-orchestration of world.

1992 Byte Dec. 190/3 You can drag down a column of entries and change them all at once—a real time-saver for the wholesale changes involved in a reorchestration session.

re-originate v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈrɪdʒᵻneɪt/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈrɪdʒəˌneɪt/

ΚΠ

1795 Artist's Repository & Drawing Mag. 5 i. 100 After which the Arts once more re-originated.

1848 J. D. Hooker Let. 13 Oct. in C. Darwin Corr. (1988) IV. 176 In short we cannot reoriginate the domestic breed.

1918 Amer. Anthropologist 20 443 Some of them might have been re-originated at several different times and places.

1990 Chron. Higher Educ. 19 Dec. b60/1 They frequently condense, rewrite, or otherwise, ‘reoriginate’ the story.

re-origination n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːəˌrɪdʒᵻˈneɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriəˌrɪdʒəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1837 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 409/2 To undertake the re-origination of society.

1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 163 I occasionally observed that he was thinking for himself and expressing his own opinion, a phenomenon so rare that I would any day walk ten miles to observe it, and it amounted to the re-origination of many of the institutions of society.

1990 Times (Nexis) 7 Nov. This made possible a fairly complete re-origination of the books from the artist's water-colours and,..the opportunity to bring back the series as crisp and fresh as Aquilegia vulgaris.

reoriginator v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəˈrɪdʒᵻneɪtə/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈrɪdʒəˌneɪdər/

ΚΠ

1832 J. S. Mill Let. 22 Oct. in Wks. (1963) XII. 128 They were the reoriginators of any belief among us.

1964 Harvard Stud. in Classical Philol. 68 152 Caesar was..the originator, if only the re-originator, of the state, as had been Romulus, the first and the only deified king of Rome.

repattern v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpatn/

U.S.

/riˈpædərn/

ΚΠ

1923 Davenport (Iowa) Democrat & Leader 10 Aug. 15/2 It has since been repatterned and redesigned to put in palaces with damasks and satins.

1935 L. MacNeice Poems 32 The basic facts repatterned without pause.

2003 Fiddlehead Spring 119 It does seem tagged-on, but its importance in underlining the suggestion that history re-patterns (rather than repeats) itself is enough to warrant its inclusion.

repatterning n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpatn̩ɪŋ/

/(ˌ)riːˈpatənɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈpædərnɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1928 J. F. Dashiell Fund. of Objective Psychol. vi. 152 A human being's conduct is not merely a lot of isolated muscle jerks and gland flows acting in response to any incidental and accidental stimulations, but is a story of patterning and repatterning of the S → R connections.

1952 C. P. Blacker Eugenics: Galton & After x. 246 The gene-complex has a holistic or integrative action of its own, a capacity to undergo changes, to adjust itself to a re~patterning of its constituent elements.

1996 Kindred Spirit Summer 93/2 (advt.) This is the comprehensive guide to Pleiadian lightworking. Covering everything from ‘owning your spinal pathway’ to ‘etheric hands-on dolphin brain repatterning’, Quan Yin..leaves the reader fully informed on every aspect of this up-and-coming new age system.

repeg v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpɛɡ/

U.S.

/riˈpɛɡ/

ΚΠ

1895 Times 2 Oct. 10/5 (advt.) Claims held under this Licence can at any time be abandoned and re-pegged on an ordinary licence, thus freeing the special grant.

1954 J. Corbett Temple Tiger 160 The following morning while my men were having their food I attended to the skins, re-pegging them on fresh ground and rubbing wood ashes and powdered alum on the damp parts.

1972 Guardian 28 Oct. 24 It is open to Mr Barber..to repeg the pound at an exchange rate far above the level to which it has now fallen.

2002 U.S. News & World Rep. 14 Jan. 39/2 So what should Argentina do now? Muddle through, advises Mussa. For the moment, repeg the devalued peso to a more forgiving basket of currencies.

repegging n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpɛɡɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈpɛɡɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1855 Agitator (Wellsboro, Pa.) 17 May 2/3 We have charged to you the repegging of one pair of boots, one set of brass vest buttons, and three broken ribs.

1938 Sun (Baltimore) 12 July 14/5 Accompanied by rumors..of a possible ‘repegging’ at its old ratio of between $4.86 and $4.87, the British pound sterling declined today..to its lowest point in more than a year.

1962 Gloss. Terms Glass Ind. (B.S.I.) 25 Repegging, hammering-in of pegs round the periphery of big disk grinders, or along the sides of continuous grinders to prevent the glass from slipping off the table during grinding.

2005 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) (Nexis) 7 Nov. 4 It..was widely regarded as a precursor to the re-pegging of the yuan to a basket of currencies in July.

rephosphorylate v.

Brit.

/ˌriːfɒsˈfɒrᵻleɪt/

U.S.

/ˌrifɑsˈfɔrəˌleɪt/

ΚΠ

1949 Biol. Bull. 96 166 The ATP concentration did not fall at all during the first hour after death. This can be explained by the presence of creatine-phosphate which rephosphorylates the ADP formed.

2006 Clin. Nutrition 25 597/2 Creatine is crucial in energy metabolism as it donates its high-energy phosphate in order to rephosphorylate ADP to ATP.

rephosphorylation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌfɒsfɒrᵻˈleɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌfɑsˌfɔrəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1939 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 129 789 The hydrolysis of adenosinetriphosphate is balanced by its synthesis; that is a rephosphorylation of adenylic acid.

1991 EMBO Jrnl. 9 2873/1 (caption) Destruction of cyclin turns off the activation reaction, which allows the rephosphorylation and inactivation of cdc2 kinase.

re-photograph v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/

/(ˌ)riːˈfəʊtəɡraf/

U.S.

/riˈfoʊdəˌɡræf/

ΚΠ

1859 Photogr. Jrnl. 22 Sept. 193/1 Who..may get the photograph rephotographed by the negative process, and so have the power of indefinitely multiplying it.

1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 400 Re-photographing this positive and ruled screen together.

1992 New Yorker 13 July 11/2 He took on such volatile issues as originality (he rephotographed magazine advertisements for luxury goods) and sex and celebrity (he appropriated a composite soft-core photograph of a prepubescent Brooke Shields).

repile v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpʌɪl/

U.S.

/riˈpaɪl/

ΚΠ

1800 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Sept. (1801) 258 The common pile..soon loses its power; it is besides very troublesome to be constantly repiling it.

1877 Nature 27 Sept. 468/2 In repiling and reheating this iron several times this defective appearance is gradually removed.

1947 Penguin New Writing 30 104 The lame boy stayed behind and helped me re-pile the tins.

1990 Amer. Antiq. 55 407 These bags were carried to trucks, piled on one another, driven over sometimes rough roads, and unloaded and repiled before being screened.

repitch v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpɪtʃ/

U.S.

/riˈpɪtʃ/

ΚΠ

1753 ‘G. Psalmanazar’ Ess. v. 331 At which time they observed the same Order and Method for re-pitching their Tents.

1834 A. Smith Diary 29 Aug. (1939) I. 70 The tents which had been pitched the day before were all blown down, and, though they were re-pitched, some experienced a second time a like Fate.

1884 St. Nicholas 11 379 They begin at once to repitch their tent.

1995 Daily Tel. 12 Jan. 18/3 Unusually for what was then a government-funded business, we were not asked to repitch along with a short list of other agencies.

repocket-book v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpɒkɪtbʊk/

U.S.

/riˈpɑkətˌbʊk/

ΚΠ

1823 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. 112 The..monopolist slowly and blankly repocket-booked his authorities.

repostpone v.

Brit.

/ˌriːpəˈspəʊn/

/ˌriːpəʊs(t)ˈpəʊn/

U.S.

/ˌripoʊs(t)ˈpoʊn/

/ˌripəˈspoʊn/

ΚΠ

1858 Berkshire County Eagle (Pittsfield, Mass.) 14 May Wet weather postponed and re-postponed the May walk of the young folks until they got out of patience and..went in for an indoor good time at Millard's Hall.

1956 D. Gascoyne Night Thoughts 37 To swell the roar that rises with each climax repostponed.

2001 Toronto Star (Nexis) 18 Oct. a35 In order to air the simulcast, CTV has had to re-postpone its movie Torso.

re-pound v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpaʊnd/

U.S.

/riˈpaʊnd/

ΚΠ

1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. sig. Vu2/3 Repiler, to repound, or beat again in a Mortar.

1882 E. A. Floyer Unexplored Baluchistan 83 The wheat thus pounded was re-pounded and sifted.

1923 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 104 607 The cylinder was then opened, the fluoride re-pounded and more fluoride added to make up for the shrinkage.

2001 Music Educators Jrnl. 88 34 Pounding out notes and re-pounding out notes.

re-prepare v.

Brit.

/ˌriːprᵻˈpɛː/

U.S.

/ˌripriˈpɛ(ə)r/

/ˌriprəˈpɛ(ə)r/

ΚΠ

1647 Proposalls Earl of Nottingham 4 In preventing of dangers repreparing towards a new warre.

1828 Lights & Shades Eng. Life II. 87 I heard a shot..and saw a fellow with his gun reprepared.

1859 R. B. Stratton Captivity of Oatman Girls (ed. 3) 9 This omitted matter might have been re-prepared and put into this edition, but the last books were sold.

1995 Atlantic Monthly Dec. 73/2 The time it will take to re-prepare teachers is itself an obstacle.

repropagate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

U.S.

/riˈprɑpəˌɡeɪt/

ΚΠ

1733 T. Stackhouse New Hist. Holy Bible iii. i. 248/1 Their Father was the only Man left, from whose Body Mankind was to be repropagated.

1813 T. Busby in tr. Lucretius Nature of Things II. iv. Comm. xxviii Before the sound can be re-propagated from that point.

1984 Silvae Genetica 33 215 Stock plants were propagated and repropagated by cuttings.

repropagation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌprɑpəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1654 J. Ellistone & J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme Mysterium Magnum iii. lxxvi. 579 The first power of the first seede to a re-propagation [Ger. wiederfortpflanzung].

1859 F. L. Olmsted Walks & Talks of Amer. Farmer in Eng. (new ed.) xxxv. 230 From constant repropagation from trees that have in a greater or lesser degree so suffered.

1996 Science 26 July 449/2 This binding selection and repropagation of phage was repeated many times to enrich for tighter binders.

reproportion v.

Brit.

/ˌriːprəˈpɔːʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriprəˈpɔrʃ(ə)n/

/ˌripərˈpɔrʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

a1878 G. G. Scott Recoll. (1879) iii. 172 Re-proportioning it with reference to its earlier form.

1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes iv. 125 Modification is possible to condense, expand,..reproportion height and width.

1986 G. Keillor Lake Wobegon Days 91 The legislature simply reproportioned the state by eliminating the overlap in the middle.

reproportioning n.

Brit.

/ˌriːprəˈpɔːʃn̩ɪŋ/

/ˌriːprəˈpɔːʃ(ə)nɪŋ/

U.S.

/ˌriprəˈpɔrʃ(ə)nɪŋ/

/ˌripərˈpɔrʃ(ə)nɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1855 National Rev. Oct. 460 A mere re-moulding or re-proportioning of inward faiths.

1969 P. L. Berger Rumor of Angels v. 121 The openness and the reproportioning this attitude entails have a moral significance, even a political significance, of no mean degree.

1990 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 1 Apr. (Review Suppl.) 36 Tailoring and short skirts..need not go by the board. All they need is a slight re-proportioning and lashings of bright colour, and the temptation to buy is stronger than ever.

repropose v.

Brit.

/ˌriːprəˈpəʊz/

U.S.

/ˌriprəˈpoʊz/

ΚΠ

1650 J. Dury Just Re-proposals 12 The thing then which we re-propose to our Brethren is this.

1757 W. Blackstone To Rev. Dr. Randolph 30 Instead of reproposing the former question, he proceeded as if it had been agreed to.

1857 J. Toulmin Smith Parish (new ed.) 136 Its adoption cannot be re~proposed under a year's time.

1994 W. Farrell Myth Male Power (rev. ed.) xii. 187 He felt so guilty being sexually unfaithful that he thanked his wife! He then reproposed to her. She verbally assaulted him, then accepted.

repuddling n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpʌdl̩ɪŋ/

/(ˌ)riːˈpʌdlɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈpəd(ə)lɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 194/2 At noon the repuddling was completed.

1882 Hagerstown (Maryland) Odd Fellow 26 Nov. 3/1 The work of re-puddling the bottom of the reservoir of the Water Works..will be continued during this week.

1987 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 21 May I'm not sure the re-puddling will go on forever... It may take one year or several.

repuff v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpʌf/

U.S.

/riˈpəf/

ΚΠ

1804 Lit. Jrnl. June 602 Andrew Cowan..the person whose former works are to be abridged and re-puffed.

1859 S. Lover Rival Rhymes 72 In vain did the gudeman strive to repuff the light in the wick up.

re-punch v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpʌn(t)ʃ/

U.S.

/riˈpən(t)ʃ/

ΚΠ

1852 F. B. Head Faggot of French Sticks II. 179 The uncomfortable operations of being re-melted, re-cast into bars, re-rolled to the proper thickness, re-punched by one of the steam-engines.

1883 Morning Rev. (Decatur, Illinois) 27 Jan. The wound was too large to be made by a single thrust of the embalming probe but by punching and repunching, could have been made.

1963 Rep. Comm. Inq. Decimal Currency xiv. 138 Ancillary machine costs:..re-punching card and tape records.

1992 Woman 7 Dec. 56/4 The only way would be to have the hole re-punched or cut out and the wound stitched so that the skin can knit together again.

repunctuation n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌpʌŋ(k)tʃʊˈeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌpʌŋ(k)tjʊˈeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌpəŋ(k)(t)ʃuˈeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1885 G. E. B. Saintsbury Specimens Eng. Prose Style p. xx Clarendon gets himself into involutions..which cannot be solved by any kind effort of repunctuation.

1966 Mod. Lang. Q. Sept. 256 I was, I believe, responsible for most of the detailed examination of poems in A Survey of Modernist Poetry—for example showing the complex implications of Sonnet 129 before its eighteenth-century repunctuations.

1998 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Apr. 47/1 This might explain away some difficulty, either by a maneuver of the sort performed on Amos 5:2—by repunctuation or exploitation of the semantic structure of Hebrew words—or..by means of typology..or allegory.

requestion v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n/

/(ˌ)riːˈkwɛstjən/

U.S.

/riˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n/

/riˈkwɛʃtʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1804 ‘E. de Acton’ Tale without Title III. 87 ‘Then you think..that Mr. Conyers is to be married to-morrow!’ requestioned Mrs. Lambert.

1977 Transatlantic Rev. No. 60. 69 She requestioned him on the subject of her husband.

re-rack v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈrak/

U.S.

/riˈræk/

ΚΠ

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad viii. 298 To tongue mute misery, and re-rack the soul With crimes.

re-rat v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈrat/

U.S.

/riˈræt/

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [verb (intransitive)] > desert one's party > for a second time

re-rat1815

1815 C. Lemon Let. 18 Apr. in M. Frampton Jrnl. (1885) 246 If [Talleyrand] has refused to re-rat.

1975 D. W. S. Hunt On Spot iv. 54 As I heard him say over the lunch table once, ‘to rat is difficult; to re-rat..’ and he broke off as though to show that to find a description of a second change of party was beyond even his eloquence.

1995 Daily Tel. 9 Oct. 4/6 Other famous political defectors include Winston Churchill, who went from Conservative to Liberal in 1904 and then ‘re-ratted’ to go back into the Tory fold.

re-reaction n.

Brit.

/ˌriːrɪˈakʃn/

U.S.

/ˌririˈækʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1860 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 25 58 This reaction and subsequent re-reaction well illustrate the recent history of English thought in general.

1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. (1877) xii. 303 In others the reaction is in course of time followed by a re-reaction... This re-reaction may be feeble or may be strong.

1979 Science 30 Nov. 1033/3 Which pyrolyisis products are initial reaction products, and which are re-reaction products?

re-rebel v.

Brit.

/ˌriːrᵻˈbɛl/

U.S.

/ˌrirəˈbɛl/

ΚΠ

1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel iii. 136 Its provinces rebelled, and re-rebelled.

rerecant v.

Brit.

/ˌriːrᵻˈkant/

U.S.

/ˌrirəˈkænt/

/ˌririˈkænt/

ΚΠ

1692 J. Wilson Let. 10 June in Ludlow no Lyar p. xii I have heard of Re-ordaining, Recanting, and Re-recanting.

1710 E. Ward Nuptial Dialogues & Deb. II. x. 185 The Priest, to serve the Times..Will cant, recant, and re-recant again, For rev'rend Lawn, or to be made a Dean.

1835 W. Cobbett Legacy Parsons i. 40 When we see them afterwards re-recant and re-apostatize.

1963 Amer. Hist. Rev. 68 428 He [sc. Thomas Cranmer] weaseled, recanted, rerecanted, and ultimately..died the martyr.

re-recognize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈrɛkəɡnʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪz/

ΚΠ

1849 Eclectic Rev. Oct. 513 The infamous partitions of Poland..were re-recognised and confirmed.

1923 Sci. Monthly May 555/1 We are beginning to recognize, perhaps I should say re-recognize, that it may cure diseases too.

1996 S. Deane Reading in Dark (1997) iv. 168 But when I imagined him so, then I would see myself again in a dither of light and dark, see my father again, see Eddie, re-recognise my mother, see them blur and fade, know that I too was blurred, was astray for not knowing how to choose.

re-recognized v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈrɛkəɡnʌɪzd/

U.S.

/riˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪzd/

ΚΠ

1882 H. S. Holland Logic & Life viii. 129 In token of his re-recognised allegiance.

1971 E. D. Smigel Handbk. Stud. Social Prob. p. xii A rerecognized problem is one which has been dormant but which has gained new public awareness.

re-regenerated adj.

Brit.

/ˌriːrᵻˈdʒɛnəreɪtᵻd/

/ˌriːriːˈdʒɛnəreɪtᵻd/

U.S.

/ˌrirəˈdʒɛnəˌreɪdᵻd/

/ˌririˈdʒɛnəˌreɪdᵻd/

ΚΠ

1810 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 3 451 No expression of regret escapes the re-regenerated sinner.

1972 Biol. Bull. 143 229 (graph) Limb buds. Not regenerated. Reregenerated.

reremember v.

Brit.

/ˌriːrᵻˈmɛmbə/

U.S.

/ˌrirəˈmɛmbər/

/ˌririˈmɛmbər/

ΚΠ

1854 S. J. Ram Dale End 4 The words of the sacred poet were reremembered.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 639 With greater difficulty remembered, forgot with ease, with misgiving reremembered.

2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 7 Nov. 60/4 We don't simply forget; we re-remember.

re-remembrance n.

Brit.

/ˌriːrᵻˈmɛmbr(ə)ns/

U.S.

/ˌrirəˈmɛmbrəns/

/ˌririˈmɛmbrəns/

ΚΠ

1923 D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers (London ed.) 24 For we are on the brink of re-remembrance.

1993 Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo) (Nexis) 19 Dec. 7 How small things acquire totemic power—one..tree somehow as scary as worst imagination can make it. But ‘Paddy Clarke’ forces a re-remembrance.

re-repent v.

Brit.

/ˌriːrᵻˈpɛnt/

U.S.

/ˌrirəˈpɛnt/

/ˌririˈpɛnt/

ΚΠ

1861 Wheat & Tares 284 He would repent and re-repent, and die the same.

re-revenge n.

Brit.

/ˌriːrᵻˈvɛn(d)ʒ/

U.S.

/ˌrirəˈvɛndʒ/

/ˌririˈvɛndʒ/

ΚΠ

1891 H. Spencer Justice 47 Such acts of revenge and re-revenge.

re-reversal n.

Brit.

/ˌriːrᵻˈvəːsl/

U.S.

/ˌrirəˈvərs(ə)l/

/ˌririˈvərs(ə)l/

ΚΠ

1874 Philos. Trans. 1873 (Royal Soc.) 163 265 The re-reversal into brightness in the chromosphere of the line 1474K is not due to iron vapour.

1951 Amer. Econ. Rev. 41 627 An early re-reversal of policy was necessary.

2001 Columbia Law Rev. 101 1791 But in a confirmation and re-reversal, our narrator reports that he had been urged to give his speech to a yet more experienced lawyer-rhetorician.

reriddle v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈrɪdl/

U.S.

/riˈrɪd(ə)l/

ΚΠ

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. vii. [Aeolus] 129 But my riddle! he said. What opera is like a railway line?—Opera? Mr O'Madden Burke's sphinx face reriddled.

2001 Record (Kitchener-Waterloo, Ont.) (Nexis) 23 Nov. a19 A follower of Joyce's fullbellied reriddling style.

re-root v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈruːt/

U.S.

/riˈrut/

ΚΠ

1816 A. Rees Cycl. (1819) XXXIV. at Swietenia Replunging them in the hot-bed, giving them shade till re-rooted.

1875 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera V. l. 29 Needlessly re-rooting myself in the old [ground].

1991 G. Burn Alma Cogan (1992) vi. 103 People in their declining years (Cleve is full of them) move away from the areas they have known all their lives and re-root themselves somewhere where the past is less likely to rear up and go boo!

re-scan v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈskan/

U.S.

/riˈskæn/

ΚΠ

1819 J. G. Lockhart Peter's Lett. to Kinsfolk III. Postscript 372 Their minutest peculiarities..scanned and re-scanned by all that please to do so.

1897 ‘P. Warung’ Tales Old Regime 148 The Comptroller re-scans the parchment and the application-form.

1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 4 From the windows of my creekside study, where I draw out sentences like these, I re-scan Potamock with the big binocs.

rescrutinize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈskruːtᵻnʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːˈskruːtn̩ʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈskrutnˌaɪz/

ΚΠ

1838 Knickerbocker 12 12 They turned to me to re-scrutinize what she had deposed.

1911 Math. Gaz. 6 4 The old plates were re-scrutinised; no clue to the mystery was forthcoming, and the little satellite seemed only to have been found to be lost again.

2003 S. Vincent Dressing Elite i. 29 Bearing this in mind we must therefore return to our simple story of elite fashion and rescrutinize its changing forms.

re-scrutiny n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈskruːtᵻni/

/(ˌ)riːˈskruːtn̩i/

U.S.

/riˈskrutn̩i/

ΚΠ

1915 Proc. Acad. Polit. Sci. in City of New York 5 8 As a result of all that work and re-scrutiny these appropriations when made..represented a net reduction of $2,000,000 under the actual appropriations for the year previous.

1963 Punch 6 Feb. 182/3 The whole business..deserved re-scrutiny.

2004 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 16 July 36 Two years later, rescrutiny of the hurdles photo showed him to have run one hundredth faster than he had been given, which meant he had equalled the world record in winning the title.

re-sensation n.

Brit.

/ˌriːs(ɛ)nˈseɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌrisɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌrisənˈseɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1811 Ann. Reg. 1809 (Otridge ed.) Characters 734/1 An incessant succession of conscious sensations of re-sensations.

resentence v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsɛnt(ə)ns/

U.S.

/riˈsɛntns/

/riˈsɛn(t)əns/

ΚΠ

1839 Monthly Rev. Feb. 221 Whether they have been re-sentenced since their first arrival, for colonial offences.

1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations lvi, in All Year Round 20 July 388/2 Who..had made his escape and been re-sentenced to exile for life.

1977 Rolling Stone 24 Mar. 17/1 Rubin Carter and codefendant John Artis were resentenced February 9th to three life terms for a triple murder committed in..1966.

resepulchre v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsɛpl̩kə/

U.S.

/riˈsɛpəlkər/

ΚΠ

1826 tr. A. Verri Rom. Nights II. ii. v. vii. 101 Replace these spoils, and piously re-sepulchre them.

1884 Harper's Mag. Aug. 431/1 Henry has..resepulchred the Confessor's bones.

re-sex v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsɛks/

U.S.

/riˈsɛks/

ΚΠ

a1849 T. L. Beddoes Poems (1851) I. 95 Though I cannot creep up to my mother, Or flow back to my father's veins again,—Resex or uncreate me; thus much can I.

1955 W. H. Auden Shield of Achilles ii. 45 Re-sex the pronouns, add a few details.

1990 Independent (Nexis) 5 May 19 Certainly God is not spared. He is attacked for being male, or is generously re-sexed as female.

re-sexing n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsɛksɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈsɛksɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1869 H. Bushnell Women's Suffrage v. 89 The re-sexing of their sex, they knew to be impossible.

1934 Zanesville (Ohio) Signal 10 July 1/6 (heading) Re-sexing suggested for doomed brothers... To change the boys into girls..because certain male offspring of the family strain are affected with the malady while the female children escape from the ravages, was suggested.

2006 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 31 Mar. 31 Nor did Rupert Bear wear trainers,..and Winnie the Pooh have a girl for a best friend. But they do now... The re-sexing of Christopher Robin is ‘one of the silliest things I've ever heard’.

reshade v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈʃeɪd/

U.S.

/riˈʃeɪd/

ΚΠ

1829 Visits to ‘Relig. World’ xvi. 243 It was shaded and reshaded in a most laborious manner.

1951 L. MacNeice tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust i. 14 The little god of the world, one can't reshape, reshade him.

2003 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 21 Oct. b1 Since it was introduced, the map has disappeared from the..Web site, once to revise data and another time to reshade the map in lavender and green to make it less controversial.

re-shake v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈʃeɪk/

U.S.

/riˈʃeɪk/

ΚΠ

1664 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Wks. xiii. 73 In the huge space of the quiet air it self, is the Gas of the water, which by the most exact rarefying of subdivision, is many times re-shaken & sub-divided by the colds through which it hath passed.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. ii. 7 He re-shakes hands with Twemlow.

reshow v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈʃəʊ/

U.S.

/riˈʃoʊ/

ΚΠ

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. ii. 74 Now Earth to Heau'n, Heau'n vnto Earth re-show'd.

1867 Edinb. Evening Courant 5 Jan. 6/6 He has shown and reshown all his sketches; nay, even copied some of them into our albums.

1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 21 May 620/5 Pabst's maligned film, which is still frequently reshown.

1996 Independent 19 Mar. 3/3 The Bill Grundy interview of 1 December 1976..was being reshown.

reshower v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈʃaʊə/

U.S.

/riˈʃaʊ(ə)r/

ΚΠ

1650 A. Warren Royalist Reform'd 42 Upon their owne stock of exhalations, reshowred downe, they for a time survived their fountaine.

a1849 J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 128 When spring reshowers her beams on the plains.

reshowing n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈʃəʊɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈʃoʊɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1917 Mansfield (Ohio) News 24 Feb. 9/7 There were so many demands for a reshowing of the first episode that was shown last Sunday and Monday that the management secured a rebooking.

1976 K. Benton Single Monstrous Act iii. 17 Let's go and see that film at the local. It's a re-showing of The Godfather.

2001 Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 6 Dec. e1 Beloved films are better left to endless reshowings on cable or video.

respot v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈspɒt/

U.S.

/riˈspɑt/

ΚΠ

1849 E. R. Mardon Billiards (ed. 2) Pl. 60 When the red ball has been holed and re-spotted.

1978 H. Wouk War & Remembrance xxx. 303 Half the Type-97s were already respotted on the flight decks with bombs.

1993 G. F. Newman Law & Order (rev. ed.) 128 Harding reached the blue ball out of the pocket and respotted it.

re-sprout v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈspraʊt/

U.S.

/riˈspraʊt/

ΚΠ

1816 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 12 219 After which it is less liable to re-sprout.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 680 The superincumbent hairs falling off and never resprouting.

1995 Farmers Weekly 31 Mar. 67/1 Many of the long apical sprouts produced in store have now died back. Such seed should be re-sprouted before planting to cut the risk of Fusarium attack, advises potato specialist Paul Dover.

re-squeak v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈskwiːk/

U.S.

/riˈskwik/

ΚΠ

a1849 E. A. Poe Man that was Used-up in Wks. (1864) IV. 323 Presently re-squeaked the nondescript.

restack v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈstak/

U.S.

/riˈstæk/

ΚΠ

1807 Lincoln, Rutland, & Stamford Mercury 7 Aug. 3/1 Hay, consisting of 20 loads,..being put together too green, heated and took fire; but..it was removed into an adjoining close and re-stacked, with the loss of about three loads of hay only.

1841 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 4 341/2 Scintling (removing and restacking the bricks in the hacks).

1892 Daily News 26 Feb. 5/7 A patch of brickwork, six feet by three feet, had been taken out of the chimney to be re-stacked.

1962 Mech. Handling 49 90/1 Containers from E 3 are removed, only two at a time, are taken through gap F, around stack G, around obstacles D, through rubber doorways at C and re-stacked at E 4.

2007 W. Bidlingmaier & J. Müsken in L. F. Diaz et al. Compost Sci. & Technol. xi. 266 The compressed material..is not re-stacked and is not forced aerated.

restage v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsteɪdʒ/

U.S.

/riˈsteɪdʒ/

ΚΠ

1893 Evening Democrat (Warren, Pa.) 1 Sept. It has been handsomely re-staged with all new scenery, expressly and appropriately painted for it, together with new mechanical effects.

1923 Daily Mail 30 May 7 The combat will be restaged at the forthcoming pageant.

1992 I. Banks Crow Road xiv. 330 I was still celebrating having finally worn down dad's resistance to having a computer in the house, and was therefore far too busy kicking pixel and re-staging the attack of the Imperial AT-ATs on the rebel snow trenches.

restratification n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌstratᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌstrædəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci. Chem. 490 The copper leaves, by further restratification, may be entirely converted into sub-carbonate.

1931 Geografiska Annaler 13 50 The restratification of the masses of air has brought about conditions unfavourable to fog.

1991 European Sociol. Rev. 7 207/2 Family background continued to influence educational choices, although maybe through alternative channels,..as a restratification process took place.

restrip v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈstrɪp/

U.S.

/riˈstrɪp/

ΚΠ

1860 R. F. Burton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1859 29 112 The fields had been stripped and restripped by every passing caravan.

1997 Washington Times (Nexis) 17 June c3 The caterpillars eat voraciously of the foliage on broadleaf and evergreen trees. They can strip a tree and will re-strip it if the foliage returns.

restroke v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈstrəʊk/

U.S.

/riˈstroʊk/

ΚΠ

1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton King Arthur ii. lxxxv He spreads it out..Strokes and restrokes it.

1997 K. Bradway & B. Mccoard Sandplay i. ii. 6 He..proceeded to pat the sand down hard, adding water occasionally, and stroking and re-stroking the sand into a smooth, and smoother, hard surface.

resubmerge v.

Brit.

/ˌriːsəbˈməːdʒ/

U.S.

/ˌrisəbˈmərdʒ/

ΚΠ

1857 L. Harper Preliminary Rep. Geol. & Agric. Surv. Mississippi 30 It is not impossible that other parts may have been elevated and re-submerged, but improbable.

1895 G. MacDonald Lilith xlii. 311 Rushing..to resubmerge the orchard valley.

1991 D. McBain Art Roebuck 64 He watched a Lay-Z-Boy recliner rise to the surface and resubmerge, followed by a coffee table, a popcorn maker and a velvet painting of Elvis Presley.

re-substitution n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌsʌbstᵻˈtjuːʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌsʌbstᵻˈtʃuːʃn/

U.S.

/riˌsəbstəˈt(j)uʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1818 J. Bentham Church-of-Englandism 236 The accession of Elizabeth, and the re-substitution of the Protestant system.

1986 Guardian (Nexis) 23 Apr. That leaves further limitations on supply in the form of well closures and further increases in demand through the re-substitution of oil for coal, gas and so on.

resuture n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsuːtʃə/

U.S.

/riˈsutʃər/

ΚΠ

1888 Lancet 17 Nov. 957/1 It is therefore unnecessary..to trouble about resuture of the ligamentum patella.

1992 Neurosurgery 31 73 Immediate repair of the facial nerve by resuture..is highly desirable.

resuture v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsuːtʃə/

U.S.

/riˈsutʃər/

ΚΠ

1887 Lancet 19 Feb. 364/1 It was therefore pared to fit, and re-sutured to the face.

1967 Brain 90 181 The wound became infected and had to be resutured.

1997 L. Bruce & T. M. D. Finlay Nursing in Gastroenterol. ix. 244 Experienced gastroenterology nurses will note the security of the feeding line when redressing the site and ensure the line is resutured if necessary.

resuturing n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsuːtʃərɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈsutʃərɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1884 Practitioner 33 289 (heading) Resuturing of granulating wounds.

1999 R. L. Lindstrom et al. in H. K. Wu et al. Refractive Surg. ix. 150/1 Wound revision with resuturing restores the spherical equivalent of the eye.

resweep v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈswiːp/

U.S.

/riˈswip/

ΚΠ

1852 W. A. Drew Glimpses & Gatherings xliii. 403 Wave after wave swept and re-swept the deck.

1888 A. S. Wilson Lyric of Hopeless Love 171 My fancy's wings Resweep Hellenic plains.

1994 Washingtonian (Nexis) Aug. They spent the day cleaning windows, sweeping and re-sweeping floors, making curtains.

resyllabification n.

Brit.

/ˌriːsᵻlabᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌrisəˌlæbəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1862 Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 24 One kind of Anagram noticed by Mr. Wheatley..is that which arises not from the rearrangement or transposition of letters, but only from their redivision or resyllabification.

1989 Amer. Speech 64 19 According to Vaughn-Cooke, this process of resyllabification provides clear evidence of convergence.

resynthesis n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsɪnθᵻsɪs/

U.S.

/riˈsɪnθəsəs/

ΚΠ

1896 H. Holman Education vii. 349 Though our idea of water has remained throughout as a mental unit, it has been filled in with detail, and has become a complex unity, through further analysis and re-synthesis.

1927 J. B. S. Haldane & J. S. Huxley Animal Biol. v. 120 An amount of energy..is wasted as heat during the re-synthesis of the lactic and phosphoric acids.

1991 Lancet 9 Mar. 585/1 Resynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was delayed because the nucleotide precursors were washed out during the reperfusion period.

resynthesize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsɪnθᵻsʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈsɪnθəˌsaɪz/

ΚΠ

1903 Proc. Royal Soc. 72 150 At this stage of absorption practically all of the fatty constituents formed in the intestine during digestion have been re-synthesized into neutral fat.

1964 G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. v. 137 All cells require new proteins during growth and division, and are subsequently constantly resynthesizing their enzymes and other proteins.

2006 Surgery 24 354/2 ATP must be continuously resynthesized and the most efficient pathway requires oxygen.

retailor v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈteɪlə/

U.S.

/riˈteɪlər/

ΚΠ

1837 Bangor (Maine) Daily Whig & Courier 16 Aug. 4/3 (advt.) The Tailors Retailored.

1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 160/2 If he finds nothing that he can sympathize with in the ‘Tailor re-tailored’ [i.e. Carlyle's Sartor Resartus].

1928 Daily Express 9 Aug. 14/1 (advt.) O'coats turned and retailored.

1993 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 22 Aug. 6/3 That ruin withstands revision more firmly than all the shopworn Camelot nostalgia and assassination hypotheses that will inevitably be retailored across the next century of infotainment seasons.

retarget v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈtɑːɡɪt/

U.S.

/riˈtɑrɡət/

ΚΠ

1934 Fresno (Calif.) Bee Republican 26 Oct. They will re-cloth and retarget the range and construct shade at the firing point.

1992 Newsweek 31 Aug. 49/1 The navy has retargeted some of its Tomahawk cruise missiles to hit weapons facilities in Iraq.

re-thrash v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈθraʃ/

U.S.

/riˈθræʃ/

ΚΠ

1832 N. M‘Alpine Pronouncing Gaelic Dict. at Athbhuail Re-strike, strike again, re-thrash.

1858 Sci. Amer. 3 Apr. 235/1 I claim the arrangement of the screw elevator..for the purpose of returning the tailing to be re-thrashed.

1894 S. Baring-Gould Kitty Alone III. 95 The pros and cons were thrashed and re-thrashed.

1997 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 18 July a3 It's our conviction that is time for action on this issue, and not just rethrashing the old straw.

re-thrust v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈθrʌst/

U.S.

/riˈθrəst/

ΚΠ

1851 C. L. Smith tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered xix. xxvi Then thrust his sword and re-thrust.

1997 Wisconsin State Jrnl. (Nexis) 30 May c3 He could not say whether the added heart wounds were caused by the knife being re-thrust.

retighten v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈtʌɪtn/

U.S.

/riˈtaɪtn/

ΚΠ

1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 204 With a fullness of soft springy flesh, that..soon recovers itself so as to retighten that strict compression of its mantlings and folds which form the sides of the passage.

1887 T. Hardy Woodlanders III. i. 12 He told Upjohn to re-tighten the girths.

1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) ix. 414/1 Smear the olive with silicone sealant and retighten the cap-nut. Do not overtighten, or you may damage the olive.

re-tightening n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈtʌɪtn̩ɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈtaɪtn̩ɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1844 S. Ashwell Pract. Treat. Dis. Women ii. v. 488 A very gradual re-tightening will avail for the perfect strangulation and subsequent destruction of the polypus.

1893 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Jan. 7/1 The wedding of the Princess Sophie to the Crown Prince of Greece implied a further re-tightening of the bonds of friendship between Copenhagen and Berlin.

1991 Dental Pract. 5 Sept. 49/3 In the CeraOne system, the screw interface eliminates the need for retightening and incisal opening, allowing the finished porcelain crown to be built directly onto, and safely supported by, a ceramic cap.

re-time v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈtʌɪm/

U.S.

/riˈtaɪm/

ΚΠ

1901 Proc. Royal Soc. 68 427 The mean-time chronometer Arnold 86, and the hack chronometer Molyneux 2123 have been cleaned and re-timed.

1960 Times 1 June 18/7 But the production as a whole needs re-timing.

1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes x. 468 The sheets should be ½ inch away from the guides at this point. If not, the feeder must be retimed to the press.

1996 Which? Guide to starting your own Business (new ed.) ii. 38 He needs to re-time some of the outgoings, but feels it would be unwise to reduce them all.

retiming n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈtʌɪmɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈtaɪmɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1899 Times 8 July 11/6 The re-timing of a train, even of a local train, may easily involve consequential changes extending throughout the whole system of the company.

1997 Brit. Jrnl. Sociol. 48 331/2 The effect of a subsequent retiming of family-building.

re-toast v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈtəʊst/

U.S.

/riˈtoʊst/

ΚΠ

1837 Piso & Præfect I. v. 132 To the utter consternation of his friends, he re-toasted all their favourite toasts.

1862 ‘M. Dods’ Cook & Housewife's Man. (ed. 11) iii. 517 They keep long, but if above a week, should be re-toasted when wanted, like most other cakes.

1994 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 31 Dec. 8 To use again it must be re-toasted and sent to the table warm. If baked in an oven the oatcake will be hard.

retrample v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈtrampl/

U.S.

/riˈtræmp(ə)l/

ΚΠ

1816 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 41 143 Echo retrampling every gritty tread.

1997 Omaha (Nebraska) World Herald (Nexis) 19 Aug. 35 A.P. Hill, Virginia, has been trampled and retrampled by thousands of feet, but now it's time to pack up and go home.

retriangulate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːtrʌɪˈaŋɡjᵿleɪt/

U.S.

/ˌritraɪˈæŋɡjəˌleɪt/

ΚΠ

1892 Ann. Rep. Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army ii. App. U. 1539 On March 1 a party was organized to retriangulate the bay from Galveston to Morgan Point, many of the old stations having been lost.

1977 Dædalus Summer 109 He persuaded the Survey of India to retriangulate part of the region.

1997 C. Kahn Rom. Shakespeare v. 119 The arrival of Thidias with his smooth-tongued flatteries retriangulates the struggle, again making the queen the crucial middle term between the two men.

retriangulation n.

Brit.

/ˌriːtrʌɪaŋɡjᵿˈleɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌtrʌɪaŋɡjᵿˈleɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌtraɪˌæŋɡjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1681 J. Oldham Satyrs upon Jesuits 362 If retriangulation were necessary for geodetic purposes, all these stations would require refixing, for..it would be impossible to assume that any of them had not been disturbed.

1962 Times 6 Nov. 14/5 This year saw the completion of the seventh series of 1in. maps and the substantial completion of the retriangulation of Britain.

1999 Geomorphology 29 108/2 Spot heights were rarely used as the Ordnance Survey retriangulation led to changes in spot height location.

re-undergo v.

Brit.

/ˌriːʌndəˈɡəʊ/

U.S.

/riˌəndərˈɡoʊ/

ΚΠ

1837 Trans. Med. Soc. N.-Y. 1836–7 3 67 To re-undergo, what to young men seem the horrors of an examination.

1882 H. de Windt On Equator 126 To re-undergo fresh sufferings.

2000 H. J. Koopman Syntax of Specifiers & Heads iv. x. 322 These people reundergo the same procedure every week.

reventilate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈvɛntᵻleɪt/

U.S.

/riˈvɛn(t)əˌleɪt/

ΚΠ

1852 Rep. 21st Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1851 116 Even in the event of any explosion in the pit, the means of reventilating is by its means at hand.

1861 Times 26 Mar. 10/5 They took out their horses twice a day to exercise, for eight months in the year, which gave two opportunities for reventilating a putrid stable.

1885 C. Bowen in Law Times Rep. 52 289/1 Reventilating the question of domicile.

1992 Times 1 Dec. 15/1 The goings on of various Princes of Wales in this century..have been all too well reventilated recently.

rewalk v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈwɔːk/

U.S.

/riˈwɔk/

/riˈwɑk/

ΚΠ

1833 T. Hook Parson's Daughter ii. 31 He re-walked himself back again to his hotel.

c1864 E. Dickinson Bolts of Melody (1945) 246 One rewalks a precipice.

1969 J. T. Burtchaell Catholic Theories of Biblical Inspiration since 1810 vii. 303 The individual Christian can and certainly should rewalk the route from paganism to Christ.

1999 W. L. Heat Moon River Horse viii. 367 What if we're off the mark and have to rewalk it the right way in daylight?

reweld v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈwɛld/

U.S.

/riˈwɛld/

ΚΠ

1845 W. Hogan Synopsis Popery 21 Think you..that foreign Papists in this country would try to reweld it?

1951 Times 31 Dec. 4/1 All that remained to be done was to reweld the steel plate which had been cut away.

1976 S. Judson et al. Physical Geol. xi. 250/1 Eventually the other continental mass arrives at the trench, and the two are rewelded.

re-welding n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈwɛldɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈwɛldɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1848 Sci. Amer. 9 Sept. 404/1 A machine recently invented by..a blacksmith of Green Co., Illinois, for reducing the size of wagon tyres,..and without cutting and re-welding.

1884 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 3rd Ser. 248/1 By re-welding and sudden cooling, the Damascus steel loses its pattern.

1991 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 26 Aug. 57 The welding, weld X-raying, grinding, and rewelding was ongoing while the manways were used for access by the workmen inside the vessel.

rezip v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈzɪp/

U.S.

/riˈzɪp/

ΚΠ

1936 Bowie (Texas) News 14 Aug. 3/1 The fastener in question was on the trousers of a male employe of the said institution. It unzipped all right, but when the time came to rezip it, nothing doing.

1974 ‘M. Underwood’ Pinch of Snuff xi. 97 Brian watched him re-zip the bag.

2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon xix. 285 He unzipped and urinated, then rezipped and turned to wash his hands.

b. Prefixed to verbs and nouns which denote ‘making (of a certain kind or quality)’, ‘turning or converting into ——’, esp. those formed on adjectives by means of the suffix -ize.

re-Americanize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːəˈmɛrᵻkənʌɪz/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈmɛrəkəˌnaɪz/

ΚΠ

1857 W. W. Wright Doré 176 Smith has re-Americanized himself, and changed to a cold, rigid, straight-cravated man!

1913 H. James Let. 16 Sept. in H. James & E. Wharton Lett. (1990) vi. 268 Taking up with Washington as his scene of work—repatriating & reAmericanizing.

2004 P. Biskind Down & Dirty Pictures iii. 121 If the New Wave gallicized Hollywood B movies, Tarantino re-Americanized the French hybrids, reclaiming them, as it were.

re-Americanization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːəˌmɛrᵻkənʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriəˌmɛrəkənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌriəˌmɛrəkəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1830 Edinb. Rev. 51 497 The required discipline of re~Americanization.

1985 W. Sheed Frank & Maisie vi. 134 For me, every week was a glum re-Americanization, every weekend an unraveling.

reanimalization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌanᵻməlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌanᵻml̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌænəmələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌænəməˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1890 W. C. Coupland Gain of Life 142 The Social Eudæmonists, if consistent, should aim at ‘Wiederverthierung’ (re-animalization). And, beyond all question, they should cease to propagate the species.

1973 Western Polit. Q. 26 123 Kojève sees that the end of history may necessitate the ‘re-animalization’ of man.

1994 Hist. & Theory 33 244 Norman O. Brown's call..for an end to civilized repression and the ‘reanimalization’ of the individual.

reanimalize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈanᵻməlʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːˈanᵻml̩ʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈænəməˌlaɪz/

ΚΠ

1885 W. C. Coupland Spirit Goethe's Faust v. 107 Faust must perforce become reanimalized.

1992 G. Kateb Inner Ocean vii. 197 If each group easily thinks of itself as a distinct and homogeneous species (or almost so), it artificially reanimalizes itself.

re-Asianization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌeɪʃn̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌeɪʒn̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌeɪʒənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌeɪʒəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1992 Y. Kobayashi in New Perspectives Q. Winter 20/1 Today Japan should be pursuing a path of ‘re-Asianization’... The re-Asianization I am promoting is not exclusive. Rather, it involves strengthening ties in Asia while at the same time maintaining close relations with the West.

2000 M. Itoh Globalization of Japan v. 105 Japan cannot achieve its new goal of re-Asianization or Datsuô Nyuâ unless it fully admits its responsibility for wartime acts of aggression in Southeast Asia.

re-Asianize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈeɪʃn̩ʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːˈeɪʒn̩ʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈeɪʒəˌnaɪz/

ΚΠ

1992 New Perspectives Q. Spring 18/2 Is the fact that Kobayashi and others..are finding a receptive Japanese audience for their calls to ‘re-Asianize’ an indication that Japan is on the cusp of another indigenizing cultural shift?

2000 Geogr. Rev. 90 113 ‘Re-Asianizing’ could be observed in the ‘Speak Mandarin’ campaign.

rebourbonize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbɔːbənʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːˈbʊəbənʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːˈbəːbənʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈbʊrbəˌnaɪz/

/riˈbərbəˌnaɪz/

ΚΠ

1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 478 The church..rebourbonized, and reconventualized.

rebridge v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbrɪdʒ/

U.S.

/riˈbrɪdʒ/

ΚΠ

1840 B. E. Hill Pinch—of Snuff 128 Perhaps Liston himself, though capable of abridging noses, could not have re-bridged that of the man whose sabre-flattened proboscis [etc.].

1860 R. F. Burton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1859 29 212 The central channel must be rebridged with branching trees.

1999 Guardian (Nexis) 11 June 20 Wells can be dug, rivers re-bridged, and water and electricity restored far more easily than social and political structures can be restored or created.

rebrighten v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbrʌɪtn/

U.S.

/riˈbraɪtn/

ΚΠ

1734 Complaint Job 6 New-springing Glee rebrightens Nature's Eye.

1822 W. Combe Hist. Johnny Quæ Genus vii. 180 Till gold's redeeming power shall say, Come and re-brighten on the day.

1925 E. Sitwell Poetry & Crit. 23 Miss Stein..breaks down the predestined groups of words..; then she re~brightens them,..and builds them into new and vital shapes.

1995 Straits (Singapre) Times (Nexis) 9 Nov. (Life section) 12 It is as if love came to her rescue and has rebrightened her dimming star.

rebrown v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbraʊn/

U.S.

/riˈbraʊn/

ΚΠ

1842 A. M. Holmes Ride to Florence I. vii. 195 There was a ‘restant’ of veal..and truly it proved a picked bone rebrowned.

1869 Edinb. Evening Courant 13 Dec. 4/2 We trust this will be done before any of those venerable rifles are rebrowned and made to look well without being in the least improved.

1907 Daily Chron. 1 Feb. 9/3 There are plenty of first-rate gunmakers who will do odd jobs—re-browning barrels, for instance.

2001 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 Oct. d1 Lenny..has been reblacking and rebrowning shoes at the cemetery's edge for 17 years.

rebrutalize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbruːtl̩ʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈbrudlˌaɪz/

ΚΠ

1852 Meanderings of Memory I. 21 O too rebrutalized! oh too bereaved!

1885 W. C. Coupland Spirit Goethe's Faust v. 106 It is the aim of the Devil..to rebrutalize him.

1999 Denver Westword (Nexis) 26 Aug. At this late date, such a piece serves only to rebrutalize a community that has had far more than its fill of exploitation.

recentralization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌsɛntrəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌsɛntrələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌsɛntrəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1895 B. Adams Law of Civilization & Decay v. 117 The capture of the Syrian seaports led to the reopening of trade and the recentralization of the western world.

1925 Glasgow Herald 5 Oct. 11 Only Scotland and the Northern (Newcastle) [administration] will continue to function, but the official policy is definitely recentralisation because of the enormous fall in the volume of the work.

1991 Hist. Workshop Spring 58 In contrast, the recentralization of the 1970s stressed enhancing the provision of consumer goods.

recentralize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsɛntrəlʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈsɛntrəˌlaɪz/

ΚΠ

1864 T. D. McGee Pop. Hist. Ireland I. ii. vii. 103 Brian's design to re-centralize the island, seems the highest dictate of political wisdom, in the condition to which the Norwegian and Danish wars had reduced it.

1953 Far Eastern Surv. 22 12/1 Their reluctance to recentralize the police.

1996 Computing 28 Nov. 10/6 We have had times when people want to recentralise the processing—this is really by people who want to sell more expensive servers.

recivilianization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːsᵻˌvɪljənʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌrisəˌvɪljənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌrisəˌvɪljəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1947 Times 6 June 2/2 These members of the Polish forces who will not accept recivilianization through the Polish Resettlement Corps are under military authority.

1962 S. E. Finer Man on Horseback xi. 198 In both these cases it has taken a long time for the ‘re-civilianization’ to take root.

1984 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 7 Jan. In a process of controlled recivilianization from 1975 to 1979 they determined the timing, basic structure and underlying ideology of Nigerian liberal democracy.

recivilianize v.

Brit.

/ˌriːsᵻˈvɪljənʌɪz/

U.S.

/ˌrisəˈvɪljəˌnaɪz/

ΚΠ

1962 S. E. Finer Man on Horseback xi. 190 How far it is possible for a military régime, starting with quasi-civilian institutions,..ultimately to re-civilianize itself.

2000 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 3 Jan. a7 Event organizers said they had been ‘recivilianized’ after being forced to carry automatic weapons and hand grenades during the civil war that has gripped the West African nation for the past decade.

recivilianized adj.

Brit.

/ˌriːsᵻˈvɪljənʌɪzd/

U.S.

/ˌrisəˈvɪljəˌnaɪzd/

ΚΠ

1962 S. E. Finer Man on Horseback xi. 197 Could the régime not pass..from a quasi-civilianized military régime..to a re-civilianized one?

1991 Hispania 74 690/1 The background—newly recivilianized Argentina—suggests renewal.

recoke v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkəʊk/

U.S.

/riˈkoʊk/

ΚΠ

1851 R. Hunt Sci. Exhib. in Art Jrnl. Illustr. Catal. iii. p. x*/1 Pressing it in moulds..and re-coking it with care.

1966 Winnipeg (Manitoba) Free Press 5 Aug. 29/7 (advt.) Radiators recoked and repaired.

2004 FD (Fair Disclosure) Wire (Nexis) 11 Feb. It's a coking problem with the heater. We're running them real, real hard to keep the utilization high... We have to go in and recoke both of those periodically.

recriminalize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkrɪmᵻnəlʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːˈkrɪmᵻnl̩ʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈkrɪm(ə)nəˌlaɪz/

ΚΠ

1976 Kennebec Jrnl. (Augusta, Maine) 20 Apr. 4/3 In other words, some of the more serious offenses have been recriminalized and provision has been made for enforcing the civil violations.

2007 Canberra Times (Nexis) 26 Jan. a3 Opposition Leader and shadow attorney-general Bill Stefaniak called for the Government to end confusion and recriminalise marijuana.

re-English v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

U.S.

/riˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

ΚΠ

1834 Gardener's Mag. 10 180 Mr. Anderson, on reading his paper re-Englished by us..concluded that we had mistranslated his paper.

1895 J. Winsor Mississippi Basin 310 This journal..was..later re-Englished by another hand.

1991 Times (Nexis) 29 Apr. The Baron van Swieten translated it into German for a first Viennese performance and then..re-Englished it, for publication in Britain... The original English text is lost.

re-enumerate v.

Brit.

/ˌriːᵻˈnjuːməreɪt/

U.S.

/ˌriəˈn(j)uməˌreɪt/

/ˌriiˈn(j)uməˌreɪt/

ΚΠ

1823 Q. Jrnl. Foreign & Brit. Med. Oct. 547 All those means which we have already indicated, and which we think it quite needless to re-enumerate.

1848 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Nov. 387 We will not re-enumerate all the fatal practical measures..which the success of the whigs would establish in the Federal Government.

1997 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 31 May a4 Elections Canada officials admit they missed several apartment buildings but have re-enumerated the residents.

re-enumeration n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːᵻˌnjuːməˈreɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriəˌn(j)uməˈreɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌriiˌn(j)uməˈreɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1842 F. Howes in tr. Horace First Bk. Satires i. 2 The exact re-enumeration of the other characters.

1913 H. James Let. 2 May in H. James & E. Wharton Lett. (1990) vi. 252 I have taken the liberté grande to insert your name..into the re-enumeration of signers of the loveliest little Birthday letter to me.

1965 Demography 2 616/2 The post-censal follow-up re-enumeration.

refertilization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌfəːtᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌfəːtl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌfərdl̩əˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌfərdlˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1857 L. Harper Preliminary Rep. Geol. & Agric. Surv. Mississippi 171 Nature has so kindly provided for the re-fertilization of those exhausted fields.

1893 Times 30 Sept. 8/2 The regeneration and refertilization of the soil.

1951 Biol. Bull. 100 337 It is clear that refertilization has occurred in these eggs.

2001 Notes 58 112/2 A refertilization of abstration with mimesis.

refertilize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfəːtᵻlʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːˈfəːtl̩ʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈfərdlˌaɪz/

ΚΠ

1757 M. Postlethwayt Britain's Commerc. Interest ix. 229 The earth which feeds and nourishes brute animals may be reasonably enough supposed, to be constituted of that, which will renourish and refertilize the land again.

1853 F. B. Hough Hist. St. Lawrence & Franklin Counties v. 327 The produce of the fields mostly returned to them to refertilize the soil, and when judiciously managed, to preserve it in its original fertility.

1894 C. L. Johnstone Canada 48 The duty of refertilising the land.

1995 Independent 17 Feb. 18/1 How snails are helping refertilise Middle Eastern deserts.

re-Hellenization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌhɛlᵻnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌhɛlənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌhɛləˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1881 Athenæum 17 Sept. 363/3 The re-Hellenization of the country by the Byzantine emperors.

1952 C. Dawson Understanding Europe i. ii. 36 This re-Hellenization of Western culture had its origins far back in the Middle Ages with the recovery of Greek science and philosophy from the Arabs by the translators of the twelfth century.

2005 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 4 May 10 The departure of the Turks after World War I..led to a spate of rebuilding that hastened the re-Hellenization of the once-Greek city.

re-Hellenize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈhɛlᵻnʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈhɛləˌnaɪz/

ΚΠ

1878 L. Sergeant New Greece ii. x. 392 The Greeks of the nineteenth century were fast becoming re-Hellenised.

1994 C. Paglia Vamps & Tramps 324 Baudelaire's heroic, defiant lesbians are hedonistically modernized by Verlaine and later rehellenized by Louys.

reinstitutionalization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˌtjuːʃn̩əlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˌtʃuːʃn̩əlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˌtjuːʃn̩l̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˌtʃuːʃn̩l̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌɪnstəˌt(j)uʃ(ə)nlˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌɪnstəˌt(j)uʃ(ə)nələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1952 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 17 380/1 The transformation is..an integral part of the re-institutionalization of economic life which has accompanied Britain's changed place in the world structure of resources and markets.

1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 813/1 At follow-up on average fourteen months after discharge, the authoritarian group was shown to be significantly superior to the permissive in respect of reconvictions, re-institutionalization, and clinical well-being.

2007 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 30 Mar. b1 Sullivan's plan..calls for the elimination of homelessness, the re-institutionalization of mentally ill people,..and the eradication of street drug sales.

reinstitutionalize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˈtjuːʃn̩əlʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˈtʃuːʃn̩əlʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˈtjuːʃn̩l̩ʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˈtʃuːʃn̩l̩ʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˌɪnstəˈt(j)uʃənlˌaɪz/

/riˌɪnstəˈt(j)uʃənəˌlaɪz/

ΚΠ

1915 Biblical World 46 224 Roman experience was reinstitutionalized in the church as a means of bringing salvation to a lost and corrupt race.

1976 Guardian Weekly 14 Nov. 7/2 The first task of the Carter administration must be to reinstitutionalise American foreign policy.

2006 Bangor (Maine) Daily News (Nexis) 30 Sept. a1 Over the past decade, more and more of the state's mentally ill have been reinstitutionalized in Maine's county jails.

re-Islamization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːɪzˌlɑːmʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌriɪˌslɑˌmaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌriɪˌslɑməˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1930 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 29 300 Through contact with themselves, a movement of ‘re-islamisation’ has shown itself.

2003 E. Powell tr. S. Jamal Arabian Flavours 33 At the beginning of the 1980s, in the Muslim-Arab world, there was a strong surge of re-Islamisation, which left behind these six coquettish and irredentist women.

re-Islamize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈɪzləmʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈɪsləˌmaɪz/

ΚΠ

1969 Times 2 June p. iii/1 The Atatürkist left is greatly agitated by the frequent allegations that the state is being silently re-Islamized.

2000 Jrnl. Law & Relig. 15 292 The current dynamics of ‘re-Islamizing’ law and political institutions.

re-Latinization v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌlatɪnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌlætn̩əˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌlætnˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1890 J. Earle Eng. Prose 421 ‘Relatinization’ provokes cavil.

1999 Newsweek (Nexis) 12 July 61 If our children speak two languages instead of just one, how can that not be a benefit to us all? The re-Latinization of this country will pay off in other ways as well.

re-Latinize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈlatɪnʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈlætnˌaɪz/

ΚΠ

1847 D. Quillinan Jrnl. Resid. Portugal I. 128 This vulgar tongue..was only at last..reformed, and I believe it may be said, re-Latinized.

1890 J. Earle Eng. Prose 421 They have been refashioned, respelt, relatinized.

1992 H. Kuhn in C. Blank Lang. & Civilization I. 613 If even ‘modern’ words like Signal, Karamell..ended up with neuter gender in German, while in Swedish they were put in the utrum category, the reason might have been a German tendency to ‘re-latinize’ Romance suffixes.

re-layman v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈleɪmən/

U.S.

/riˈleɪmən/

ΚΠ

1804 J. Larwood No Gun Boats 29 The uncassocked Prelate in his now re-layman'd ministerial capacity.

remodernization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌmɒdənʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌmɒdn̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌmɑdərnəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌmɑdərˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1931 Times 10 Apr. 18/4 The re-modernization and re-equipment of our stores.

1996 J. C. Oates We were Mulvaneys 70 The plumbing at High Point Farm needed ‘remodernization’ as Corinne called it, the bathrooms especially.

remodernize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈmɒdənʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːˈmɒdn̩ʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈmɑdərˌnaɪz/

ΚΠ

1800 J. Salmon Hist. Descr. Anc. & Mod. Rome II. 174 Since being in the possession of the Spada family, it [sc. the Palace of Spada] has been remodernized by Borromini.

1966 Theory into Pract. 5 93 Modernization is itself to be modernized by our latest discovery—the ‘systems approach’—which promises to remodernize all aspects of education.

remodernized adj.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈmɒdənʌɪzd/

/(ˌ)riːˈmɒdn̩ʌɪzd/

U.S.

/riˈmɑdərˌnaɪzd/

ΚΠ

1860 Times 18 May 12/4 (advt.) A collection of more than 1,100 words, either entirely new or re-modernized, with full explanations and quotations from the best modern French authors.

1976 S. Wales Echo 27 Nov. 9/4 (advt.) Remodernised fur coats.

2003 Daily News Record (Nexis) 24 Mar. 10 For spring I'll continue with the washes, and mix them with a re-modernized Western look. I want to embroider shirts and leather.

reobjectivize v.

Brit.

/ˌriːəbˈdʒɛktᵻvʌɪz/

U.S.

/ˌriəbˈdʒɛktəˌvaɪz/

/ˌriɑbˈdʒɛktəˌvaɪz/

ΚΠ

1892 W. D. Howells in Harper's Mag. Mar. 641 To reobjectivize the phenomenon of their recurrence.

1993 Musical Q. 77 79 A woman..who is constantly subjecting herself to objectification in discourse..and then re-objectivizing her own self whenever she claims to identify herself ‘as’ a masculine subject.

reobjectivized adj.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːəbˈdʒɛktᵻvʌɪzd/

U.S.

/ˌriəbˈdʒɛktəˌvaɪzd/

/ˌriɑbˈdʒɛktəˌvaɪzd/

ΚΠ

1854 A. Edersheim tr. H. M. Chalybäus Hist. Devel. Speculative Philos. x. 255 A notion which is the re-objectivised image or portraiture of individual definite intuitions.

rephonemicization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːfəˌniːmᵻsʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌrifoʊˌniməsəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌrifoʊˌniməˌsaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌrifəˌniməsəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌrifəˌniməˌsaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1950 C. F. Hockett in Language 26 69 We have been led to this rephonemicization through grammatical considerations; but once discovered the new analysis is established purely on phonological grounds.

2002 R. M. W. Dixon Austral. Langs. xii. 570 Dench also notes that this has led to some rephonemicisation. For example, murru-rni..underwent vowel assimilation to become murrirni.

rephonologization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːfəˌnɒlədʒʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌrifəˌnɑlədʒəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/ˌrifəˌnɑləˌdʒaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

[after German Umphonologisierung (R. Jakobson 1931, in Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague 4 255); compare French rephonologisation (1949 or earlier)]

ΚΠ

1968 Current Anthropol. 9 175/3 In establishing the various types of phonological change (e.g., ‘phonologization’, ‘dephonologization’, ‘rephonologization’), the phonologists of the '20's and '30's concentrated on the transformations undergone by individual phonemes.

1987 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 32 416 I would like to draw the reader's attention to Menyuk and Menn and Locke's treatment of phonological development in terms of processing strategies and constraints, rephonologization, and memory processes.

rephonologize v.

Brit.

/ˌriːfəˈnɒlədʒʌɪz/

U.S.

/ˌrifəˈnɑləˌdʒaɪz/

/ˌrifoʊˈnɑləˌdʒaɪz/

ΚΠ

1972 R. Jakobson tr. Princ. Hist. Phonology in A. R. Keiler Reader Hist. & Comparative Linguistics 130 The relation between the old group ‘é + palatalized consonant’ and, for example, ‘ó + palatalized consonant’ is rephonologized.

1997 E. Lanza Lang. Mixing in Infant Bilingualism iii. 107 Siri's mother borrowed the Norwegian baby talk word for dog, namely the onomatopoetic vov-vov. However, she often rephonologized it.

repopularization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌpɒpjᵿlərʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌpɑpjələrəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌpɑpjələˌraɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1962 Agric. Hist. 36 133/1 A few of the wilder results of repopularization of the ‘Turner thesis’ were enough to set almost any sane person affright.

1997 16th Cent. Jrnl. 28 1005 The sociopolitical background of both of the decades of repopularization.

repopularize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpɒpjᵿlərʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈpɑpjələˌraɪz/

ΚΠ

1841 Eclectic Rev. Mar. 353 To modify, if not to remove, patronage..was thought one of the best things the church could do to repopularize itself.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 11 Aug. 12/2 I do not intend to repopularise the stereoscope.

1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren ii. 38 The following favourite accumulates on the principle of ‘The House that Jack built’. It was repopularized by the American folk-singer Burl Ives in 1953, but had been current in Britain for anyway forty years before his visit.

2007 Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Nexis) 16 Mar. d7 The 10-song collection is a throwback to '50s and '60s girl groups such as the Crystals, Shangri-Las, the Ronettes and the Supremes, a sound that was recently repopularized by the film ‘Dreamgirls’.

reroyalize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈrɔɪəlʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈrɔɪəˌlaɪz/

ΚΠ

1809 W. Taylor in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) II. 273 The army..will be reroyalized.

1994 Geist: Canad. Mag. Ideas & Culture Oct.–Nov. 2/1 There are Commonwealth scholarships and Rhodes Scholarships (although these are open to Americans, too—apparently old Cecil never stopped dreaming of the day the U.S. would re-royalize).

re-stabilization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌsteɪbᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌsteɪbl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌsteɪbələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌsteɪbəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1918 F. J. Teggart Processes of Hist. iii. 94 The aggression or selfassertion of small bodies of men, representing individuals who have not submitted themselves to the process of re-stabilization in the political organization.

1958 A. Toynbee East to West xxv. 75 The population started to increase at an accelerating rate (it is still increasing today, though re-stabilization is now in sight).

2006 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 25 Sept. 12 Contract and Convergence goes forward to a re-stabilisation of the global climate.

restabilize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈsteɪbᵻlʌɪz/

/(ˌ)riːˈsteɪbl̩ʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz/

ΚΠ

1922 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 93 129 The only metal capable of re-stabilising the cell-wall is magnesium.

1976 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 133 34/1 The patients who relapsed on placebo were found to be very difficult to restabilize.

re-Stalinization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌstɑːlᵻnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌstɑlənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌstɑləˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1956 Washington Post 19 Nov. a21/1 Even today, after the unspeakable horror of the blood bath in Hungary, the betting is still somewhat against a ‘re-Stalinization’.

1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 16 Aug. 13/3 Mr. Arbatov pursued his career ambitiously but, he says, despairingly during the next two decades of ‘creeping re-Stalinization’ under Leonid I. Brezhnev.

re-Stalinize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈstɑːlᵻnʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈstɑləˌnaɪz/

ΚΠ

1956 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 18 Dec. 24/3 There are those who believe an attempt to ‘re-Stalinize’ might actually stimulate mass uprisings.

2002 Arts Educ. Policy Rev. (Nexis) 1 Nov. 37 Proponents of such approaches..have tried to take over media literacy projects in..England, where young academic visual culture theorists seem to have re-Stalinized.

restandardization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌstandədʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌstændərdəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌstændərˌdaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1906 Portsmouth (New Hampsh.) Herald 23 Mar. 1/4 The restandardization trial of the cruiser Charleston, held on Thursday over the Owl's Head course with the ship equipped with enlarged propellers, was not regarded as a success by members of the naval trial board.

1952 C. P. Blacker Eugenics: Galton & After 204 The Pintner-Patterson scale (1917) and the Arthur Performance scale, the latter a restandardization of ten of the tests used in the former, are now in common use.

2006 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 16 June 6 A re-standardization of the Bank of Israel's hiring and payment norms resulting in actual pay cuts and dismissals must now be written publicized and executed.

resterilization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌstɛrᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/(ˌ)riːˌstɛrl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˌstɛrələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˌstɛrəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1900 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. (rev. ed.) I. 567/2 The best silk sponges are expensive so that resterilization would be necessary.

1985 C. S. Ward Anaesthetic Equipm. (ed. 2) xvii. 300/1 Provided that the labour costs are not too high, there would seem to be no contraindication to the resterilization of nasogastric tubes, suction catheters, etc.

resterilize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈstɛrᵻlʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈstɛrəˌlaɪz/

ΚΠ

1890 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 1889 12 i. 124 During the afternoon the filter was resterilized and suspended in unsterilized turnip infusion.

1899 Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 57 Unscrupulous manufacturers..resterilize the cans with their contents.

1991 Ulster Newslet. (BNC) 5 Nov. The five operating theatres knocked out of action by the bomb may not be deemed re-sterilised before Friday.

resweeten v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈswiːtn/

U.S.

/riˈswitn/

[originally after Italian raddolcire (a1353)]

ΚΠ

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words 417/2 Raddolcire, to resweeten. Raddolcito, resweetned. Raddolcimento, a resweetning.

1854 A. Park Poet. Wks. 240/2 'Cause those whom I consider dear, Still breathe thy fragrant atmosphere, Resweeten'd through each grove.

1965 W. H. Auden About House (1966) 29 Shrines..Rose again Resweetened the hirsute West.

2004 Pittsburgh Tribune Rev. (Nexis) 24 Sept. Sam and her daddy enjoy a blissful relationship that is re-sweetened each half-hour of screen time by the sharing of a chocolate cake.

revolatilization n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˌvɒlətᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

/ˌriːvəlatᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/

U.S.

/riˈvɑlədl̩əˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

/riˈvɑlədlˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1866 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 22 441 The volatile matters removed by distillation..have found a reception where no revolatilization could occur.

1938 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) xviii. 170 The condensation and revolatilization of bismuth hydride.

2001 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 46 1152/2 Revolatilization, sorption, and leaching through soils are key mechanisms [of mercury transport] in rivers.

revolatilize v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈvɒlətᵻlʌɪz/

/ˌriːvəˈlatᵻlʌɪz/

U.S.

/riˈvɑlədlˌaɪz/

ΚΠ

1882 Athenæum 18 Nov. 667/1 This deposit of the foreign metal may..be revolatilized.

1916 Steven's Point (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 24 Feb. This [disappearance] is caused by the cloud's descent to a level where a rise of temperature causes the condensed water vapour to revolatilize.

1979 Science 19 Oct. 327/3 The additional spread of toxic wastes by..incinerating contaminated animal carcasses at low temperature, which only revolatilized the TCDD.

c. Prefixed to verbs and nouns which denote fitting, equipping, supplying, or treating with something.Frequent in technical use.

reashlar v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈaʃlə/

/(ˌ)riːˈaʃlɑː/

U.S.

/riˈæʃlər/

ΚΠ

1845 R. Willis Archit. Hist. Canterbury Cathedral v. 93 The work of these transepts consisted..of re-ashlaring and repairing the walls below.

1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. 184 The interior of the Chapel was refitted in 1717 and its exterior reashlared.

rebone v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbəʊn/

U.S.

/riˈboʊn/

ΚΠ

1871 Figure Training 54 The staymaker should be directed to take out all the bones first and to rebone them again afterwards.

1990 G. Bear Queen of Angels (1991) i. xxviii. 140 Seeing this grand old hotel being refleshed and reboned gave Mary a twinge.

rebronze v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈbrɒnz/

U.S.

/riˈbrɑnz/

ΚΠ

1823 in Apollo (1992) June 352/1 Repairing the carved work and rebronzing the chimerical legs.

1862 Times 22 Nov. (advt.) Lamps rebronzed, regilt, and repaired.

1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 May 14/2 He dreamed of a new, muscular European elite which would ‘rebronze’ the youth of the world.

recane v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkeɪn/

U.S.

/riˈkeɪn/

ΚΠ

1857 Catal. Educ. Div. S. Kensington Mus. 33/2 (advt.) Chairs re-caned, 1s. and upwards.

1991 Choice Jan. (Suppl.) 4/2 You might want to find out the pleasures and techniques of fly fishing or a language, test your talents at anything from French polishing to recaning chairs, painting to marquetry.

re-chalk v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈtʃɔːk/

U.S.

/riˈtʃɔk/

/riˈtʃɑk/

ΚΠ

1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings I. iv. 48 The bright-colored flags replaced, the arms polished and arranged in improved order, and the decks re-chalked with new devices.

1879 F. W. Robinson Coward Conscience i. vi Re-chalking his cue.

1988 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 30 Apr. The White Horses of Wiltshire have been cleaned and rechalked periodically since ancient times.

refenestrate v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈfɛnᵻstreɪt/

U.S.

/riˈfɛnəˌstreɪt/

ΚΠ

1962 G. Williams Welsh Church from Conquest to Reformation ii. xii. 430 Henry Dean, formerly prior of Llanthony, and bishop of Bangor from 1496 to 1500, refenestrated the transepts and the chancel.

1997 Oxoniensia 61 380 In addition the exterior had unfortunately been refenestrated in a crude manner in 1982.., and the entrance hall, although considered pleasant, was not exceptional in its use of materials or details.

re-lampshade v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈlampʃeɪd/

U.S.

/riˈlæmpˌʃeɪd/

ΚΠ

1918 A. Bennett Roll-call i. ii. 24 The lampshade craze increasing in virulence, they had between them re-lampshaded the entire house.

relead v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈlɛd/

U.S.

/riˈlɛd/

ΚΠ

1843 Churches of Cambs. 14 Repairing and releading the Cathedral church.

1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. 513 The glazier..was engaged to relead them.

1967 Philadelphia Museum of Art Bull. 62 257 The orchard scene has been releaded more recently, probably in the early part of this century.

2004 Daily Tel. 30 Jan. 15/1 Norwich cathedral receives a grant of £161,0 for the final phase of work re-leading the cloister roof.

releather v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈlɛðə/

U.S.

/riˈlɛðər/

ΚΠ

1854 Times 22 Apr. 12/2 It would be for the advantage of the country if he could be prevailed upon to allow the unhappy 11th to have the tightness of their nether integuments relaxed and their bottoms releathered.

1884 R. F. Coffin Old Sailor's Yarns x. 105 To releather the parral of the main royal-yard.

1987 Courier-Mail (Nexis) 23 Apr. The plasterwork has been renewed, embroidery remounted, dining-room chairs releathered, marble treated with acid, carpets cleaned.

reletter v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈlɛtə/

U.S.

/riˈlɛdər/

ΚΠ

1793 Times 10 Sept. 3/2 It is recommended to the Trustees of the turnpike-road from Bromley to Seven Oaks, to re-letter their direction posts.

1884 Manch. Examiner 15 Oct. 5/4 Renaming and relettering the streets of Paris with Republican signs.

1988 R. Turnbull Fisher's World: Canada 47 Across the street is the Loyalist Burial Ground dating to 1783. Inscriptions on many of the age-worn headstones have been relettered.

re-litter v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈlɪtə/

U.S.

/riˈlɪdər/

ΚΠ

1778 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 15 Feb. 1775 Shovelling the gangways, and re-littering them with long dung.

1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 16 Feb. 145/3 The whole place is then thoroughly cleaned,..and rested a week before being re-littered.

2002 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 25 June b1 Would you be willing to give your litter away if your poultry houses were cleaned out and re-littered at no cost?

re-mine v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈmʌɪn/

U.S.

/riˈmaɪn/

ΚΠ

1917 J. Masefield Old Front Line iii. 38 It was all mined, countermined, and re-mined.

1996 Jrnl. Soil & Water Conserv. Jan.–Feb. 14/1 This program would encourage operators to re-mine sites they might otherwise avoid.

re-neck v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈnɛk/

U.S.

/riˈnɛk/

ΚΠ

1899 Indiana County (Pa.) Gaz. 9 Aug. 3/2 These have all had to be rebarred and renecked in the attempt to bring them up to modern pitch requirements.

1967 Guardian 2 Mar. 6/6 A genuine theorbo, built as a lute in 1584 and renecked in 1730.

1996 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 21 Jan. w1 Renecking a banjo can take days or weeks, depending on the intricacy of the inlay, laminates and other details.

repetticoat v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpɛtɪkəʊt/

U.S.

/riˈpɛdiˌkoʊt/

/riˈpɛdəˌkoʊt/

ΚΠ

1857 A. Trollope Barchester Towers II. vii. 125 Should the bishop now be repetticoated.

repew v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpjuː/

U.S.

/riˈpju/

ΚΠ

1822 J. Phillimore Cases Eccl. Courts 2 373 The libel pleaded..‘that in the year 1802 directions were given..to repair and re-pew the parish church’.

1839 F. Witts Diary 20 May (1978) 160 The church has been recently repewed with deal.

1997 Times (Nexis) 8 Feb. A board in the porch records that when the church was re-pewed in 1876 ‘all seats are for the free use of parishioners according to the law.’

repowder v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈpaʊdə/

U.S.

/riˈpaʊdər/

ΚΠ

1794 E. Gunning Packet I. xv. 272 When his wig had been three times re-powdered..it was high time to make our appearance at the castle.

1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia II. ix. vii. 472 I repowdered her myself, and readjusted her dress a little.

1971 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Doctor Bird xii. 171 She had repowdered her face, which had the fine texture of hospital rubber sheets.

2005 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 14 June 16 The excited young girl repowdered, relipsticked, got set for The Big Moment.

requeen v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkwiːn/

U.S.

/riˈkwin/

ΚΠ

1850 Househ. Words 5 Oct. 58/1 Goethe's personal beauty at forty was ‘immarcessible’ and at sixty was ‘re-queened’ by genius.

1884 Bee-keeping (Brit. Bee-keepers' Assoc.) 24 I re-queened all my stocks..with Ligurians.

1992 Sciences Mar. 27/1 The feral Africanized bees are then requeened—mated with selected European or hybrid queens—to create new colonies with more manageable characteristics.

re-quicksilver v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈkwɪkˌsɪlvə/

U.S.

/riˈkwɪkˌsɪlvər/

ΚΠ

1875 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. (ed. 2) v. 151 The means of re-quicksilvering its reflectors.

respoke v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈspəʊk/

U.S.

/riˈspoʊk/

ΚΠ

1862 Burlington (Iowa) Weekly Hawk-eye 13 Sept. Tottering wagons to be respoked.

1893 F. C. Selous Trav. S.-E. Afr. 118 I had all the tools..necessary for re-spoking it.

1997 Seattle Times (Nexis) 8 June b2 Nearby is the rear wheel hub from an old single-speed bike, which he's respoking to be used with a wheel rim from a newer mountain bike whose multiple gears he has little use for.

restaff v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈstɑːf/

/(ˌ)riːˈstaf/

U.S.

/riˈstæf/

ΚΠ

1898 Westm. Gaz. 4 Apr. 7/2 The hospital committee accepted the resignation, and a special meeting has been called to consider the subject of restaffing the institution.

1898 Daily News 16 Apr. 9/5 The Management Committee..decided to close the Institution..and restaff the place with as little delay as possible.

1999 Disability Now Aug. 1/1 A high street bank has caved in to pressure from local community and disability groups and agreed to re-staff an automated branch in Reading.

re-tape v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈteɪp/

U.S.

/riˈteɪp/

ΚΠ

1877 Staffs. Daily Sentinel 23 Feb. 2/4 (advt.) Old Blinds re-taped, painted, and made to work on the latest and most approved principle.

1965 Progress (Clearfield, Pa.) Times 5 Apr. 8/1 I came up with an idea the other day that could have saved me the expense of having a pair of Venetian blinds retaped.

2003 Paint Magic 53 37/3 Re-tape any areas you need to protect.

re-ticket v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈtɪkɪt/

U.S.

/riˈtɪkᵻt/

ΚΠ

1828 H. Dunn Guatimala ii. ii. 89 If after three days any of the articles remain unsold, they are re-ticketed at two-thirds of the former price.

1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 6 Apr. 1/4 The announcement was a surprise to the officials of the steamship companies and means that all passengers for points of the White Pass & Yukon will have to be re-ticketed and all freight rebilled at Skagway.

1999 Newsweek 22 Feb. 66/3 An agent can often re-ticket you without a huge penalty or fee.

re-turban v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈtəːb(ə)n/

U.S.

/riˈtərbən/

ΚΠ

1845 ‘E. Warburton’ Crescent & Cross I. 166 Re-dressed, re-turbaned, and re-seated on my carpet.

re-washer v.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈwɒʃə/

U.S.

/riˈwɔʃər/

/riˈwɑʃər/

ΚΠ

1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. x. 54/2 These cocks..are very durable, easily re-washered.

1960 Times 16 Sept. 13/5 The local water company re-washer water taps free of charge in order to save water.

1991 N. de Lange tr. A. Oz To know Woman (1992) x. 50 He rewashered all the taps in the house.

re-washering n.

Brit.

/(ˌ)riːˈwɒʃərɪŋ/

U.S.

/riˈwɔʃərɪŋ/

/riˈwɑʃərɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1924 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 9 Oct. 12/6 The construction should be such that the valve and all working parts can be removed from the front for re-washering and repairing.

1986 E. Hall in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) iii. i. 318 Stop-cocks, like taps, may occasionally need rewashering.

2. Occasionally doubled or trebled (usually with hyphens inserted) to express further repetition of an action.This practice is rarely adopted in serious writing, although re- is readily prefixed to words of which it already forms the first element, as re-recover, re-reform.

ΚΠ

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. v. 405 In March he delues them, re-re-delues, and dresses.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) London 193 These [sc. ancient Cloaths of our English Kings] King James..gave to the Earl of Dunbar, by whom they were sold, resold, and re-re-resold at as many hands almost as Briarius had.

1775 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 3 Apr. (1778) Re-re-re-tried the drill. Not yet compleat!

1838 T. Moore Mem. (1856) VII. 218 A late publication (or rather re-re-publication of Bowles's).

1844 R. Southey Life A. Bell II. 483 I have read, re-read, and re-re-read your dedication.

1885 G. B. Shaw Let. 14 Dec. (1965) I. 146 I re-return the cheque, and if you re-re-return it I will re-re-re-return it again.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 504 I rererepugnosed in rerererepugnant.

1954 New Biol. 16 43 Under the title ‘Vital Blarney’..I reviewed, or to be pedantic I re-re-reviewed, Bernal's book The Physical Basis of Life.

1989 R. Penrose Emperor's New Mind i. 25 There is..a wave of re-alignment down the page as the placement of every succeeding letter..is re-calculated, and then re-re-calculated as the ‘d’ is inserted.

2006 Inside Edge June 75/3 Don't re-re-raise all-in with K-K. A fourth raise from your opponent almost certainly means he has A–A.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	re-
释义	re-prefix Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French re-; Latin re-. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French re-, Middle French re-, ré- (French re-, ré-) and its etymon classical Latin re-, cognate with Umbrian re-; further etymology unknown.Uses and meanings in Latin. The original sense of re- in Latin is ‘back’ or ‘backwards’, but in the large number of words in which it occurs it shows various shades of meaning, of which the following are the most clearly marked: (i) ‘Back from a point reached’, ‘back to or towards the starting point’, as in recēdere recede v.¹, recurrere recur v., redūcere reduce v., referre refer v., refugere to flee back (see refuge n.), remittere to send back (see remit v.), respicere to look back (see respect v.), retrahere retract v.¹, revocāre revoke v. Sometimes the sense of ‘backwards’ is also implied, as in resilīre to spring back or backwards (see resile v.). The return of light and sound is expressed in such verbs as relūcēre reluce v. and renīdēre to shine or flash back, reboāre to bellow back (see reboant adj.), resonāre to echo, resound (see resonate v.). In many cases the idea of force is present, as in reflectere reflect v., repellere repel v., reprimere reprime v.¹, rescindere rescind v.; hence arises the sense of resistance, as in reluctārī reluct v., repugnāre repugn v., reclāmāre to cry out against (see reclaim v.), recūsāre recuse v. Occasionally the sense is ‘away’, as in removēre remove v., revellere to pull away or off (see revel v.²). (ii) ‘Back to the original place or position’, as in recondere recond v., repōnere repone v., restituere restitue v., etc.; frequently implying ‘back to one's hands or possession’, as in recipere receive v., redimere redeem v., rependere repend v.², resūmere resume v.¹ (iii) ‘Again’, ‘anew’, originally in cases implying restoration to a previous state or condition, and frequently occurring as a secondary sense in verbs of the two classes already mentioned; further examples are recreāre recreate v.¹, reficere refect v., reformāre reform v.¹, renovāre renovate v., refrīgēscere to grow cold again, revirēscere to grow green again (see revirescent adj.). This gave rise to cases where the action itself is done a second time, as recoquere recoct v., refricāre refricate v., regenerāre regenerate v., retractāre to handle again (see retract v.²), etc. Such formations become much more numerous in post-classical Latin, as in reaedificare re-edify v., rebaptizare rebaptize v., etc. Many of these later compounds have been adopted in English, and have chiefly supplied the models for the new formations illustrated below. (iv) In some cases re- has the same force as English un- prefix², implying an undoing of some previous action, as in recingere to ungird (see recinct v.), reclūdere reclude v., refīgere refix v.², resignāre resign v.¹, revēlāre reveal v. More rarely it expresses direct negation, as in reprobāre reprobate v. (v) ‘Back in a place’, i.e. ‘from going forward’, with verbs of keeping or holding, as retinēre retain v., religāre religate v., refrēnāre refrain v., reprehendere reprehend v.; or ‘without going on or forward’ with verbs of rest, as remanēre remain v., residēre reside v.¹, restāre rest v.³, requiēscere requiesce v., etc. Other shades of this sense appear in relinquere relinquish v., reservāre reserve v.¹ Even in Latin the precise sense of re- is not always clear, and in many words the development of secondary meanings tends greatly to obscure its original force. This loss of distinct meaning is naturally increased in English, where a word has often been adopted in a sense more or less remote from its original sense, and where in many cases the simple word to which the prefix is attached does not occur in English. In other cases a phonological change or shift of stress may obscure the original composition of the word. History within English. In the Romance languages, as in later Latin, extensive use was made of re- as a prefix in verbs and verbal derivatives (in addition to the French forms, compare Old Occitan, Occitan re- , Catalan re- , Spanish re- , Portuguese re- , Italian re- , ri- ). Some of the words thus formed are among the earliest which were adopted in English, the immediate source being French. To these and later adoptions from French belong many of the commonest words beginning with re- , as rebate v.¹, rebound v., rebuke v., rebut v., recoil v.¹, redress v.¹, refresh v., regain v., regard v., regret v., remark v.¹, etc. Words formed with the prefix re- first make their appearance in English in the early 13th cent. In the Ancrene Riwle, the first text in which such forms are prominent, there occur recluse adj., recoil v.¹, record v.¹, relic n., relief n.¹, religion n., religious adj., and remission n. At the beginning of the 14th cent. Chron. Robert of Gloucester uses rebel adj., release v.¹, remue v., repent v., reset n.¹, restore v.¹, revest v.¹ In the 14th cent. the total is greatly increased, especially in the writings of Langland, Chaucer, the Wycliffite writers, and Trevisa, and by the beginning of the 15th cent. the number in common literary use is very considerable. During the 15th cent. the additions are of less importance, but about the middle of the 16th an extensive adoption of Latin forms begins (either directly or via French). Towards the end of the 16th cent. re- begins to become much more productive within English, chiefly with second elements ultimately of Latin origin, but also freely prefixed to verbs of native origin, a practice rare before this period, though the Wycliffite Bible, Trevisa, and others have renew v.¹ (after classical Latin renovāre). Such formations, however, are common in Elizabethan writers: Shakespeare has recall v., regreet v. (frequent), relive v., requicken v., resend v., respeak v., restem v., retell v. (three times), and reword v., and many others occur in contemporary literature, as rebuild v., recast v., refind v., reflow v., regather v., etc. The rapidly increasing use of re- in the early 17th cent. is strongly marked in the dictionaries of Florio (1598) and Cotgrave (1611), both of whom freely form words with this prefix to render Italian or French words beginning with the respective parallel. Most of these might be formed again at any time, and many of them reappear at a later date, but some are apparently not attested in later sources, e.g. the following:1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Rabbellimento, a..rebeauetifying. Rimeritare, to remerit or deserue againe.1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Raccordare,..to reaccord. Ricapricciare, to re-affright. Ricombattere, to recombat or fight againe. Ricompire, to recomplish or end againe. Riboccare, to re-enbogue, to remouth. Rimaledittione, a remalediction. Rimollire,..to remollifie, to resoften. Risperso, resprinckled. Ristoppare, to restop, to stop againe.1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rabuser, to reabuse. Reaffranchi, reaffranchised. Reblandir, to reblandish. Redaigner, to redaign. Rabituer, to..reinure. In English formations, whether on native or Latin bases, re- is almost exclusively employed in the sense of ‘again’; the few exceptions to this have been directly suggested by existing Latin compounds, as recall v. after classical Latin revocāre. In one or other application of this sense, re- may be prefixed to most English verbs or verbal derivatives, as rearrange v., rearrangement n.; reignite v., reignition n.; resaddle v.; resettlement n., etc. Form and pronunciation. In earlier Latin re- was used before consonants, and red- before vowels or h- , as in redīre to go or come back (see redition n.), redimere redeem v., redhibēre to take or give back (see redhibition n.; rarely in other cases, as in reddere to give back: see render v.). The latter form appears in English only in a few words which are ultimately of Latin origin, e.g. redeem v., redemption n., redintegrate v. In later Latin the form with final d was no longer in use, and re- was employed before vowels as well as consonants, as in post-classical Latin reaedificare re-edify v., reagere react v.¹, reexpectare re-expect v., reilluminare , etc. In a few words adopted from French the prefix has undergone considerable phonetic change. In some cases this is due to the combination of re- with a word beginning with another prefix with an initial vowel, as a- or en- . For examples of these types, see e.g. rally v.¹, rampart n., rampire v., rapport n. (in which the prefix of the French etymon lost its final e before a second element beginning with a or e , so that hiatus was avoided) and compare also ransom n. (in which the form of the French etymon reflects regular early loss of intervocalic -d- ). In English formations the prefix is usually pronounced with a long vowel (/riː/), and frequently with some secondary stress, whereas in words of Latin or Romance origin the vowel is usually reduced or shortened (except before another vowel), as in repair ( r1"pE:), reparation ( /ˌrɛpəˈreɪʃn/). In this way double forms arise, with difference of meaning, which in writing are often distinguished by hyphenating the prefix, as recoil recoil v.¹ and re-coil recoil v.³, recover recover v.¹ and re-cover re-cover v.², recreate recreate v.¹ and re-create recreate v.² The hyphen is also frequently employed even where there is no doublet, when the idea of repetition is emphasized, as bind and re-bind, or when the following element begins with a vowel. Before e it is usual to insert the hyphen, as re-emerge, re-enter, re-estimate; formerly, the diaeresis was also used (though much less frequently), as in reëmerge, reënter. There is often a tendency to give full stress to the prefix when the simple word precedes the compound in a particular utterance, as in make and re-make, state and re-state. This may also happen, but to a lesser extent, in cases where re- does not mean ‘again’, as act and react. 1. With the general sense of ‘back’ or ‘again’, occurring in a large number of words directly or indirectly adopted from Latin, or of later Romance origin, and on the model of these freely employed in English as a prefix of verbs, and of nouns or adjectives derived from these.The extent to which this prefix has been employed in English since the 19th cent., and especially from the latter half of it onwards, makes it impossible to attempt a complete record of all the forms resulting from its use. The number of these is practically infinite, but they nearly all belong to one or other of three classes (senses 1a, 1b, 1c). The first of these classes is also abundantly represented in formations of the 17th and 18th centuries. a. Prefixed to ordinary verbs of action (chiefly transitive) and to derivatives from these, sometimes denoting that the action itself is performed a second time, and sometimes that its result is to reverse a previous action or process, or to restore a previous state of things.With nouns of action the force of the prefix may frequently be rendered by ‘second’ or ‘new’, and on the analogy of these words it has sometimes been used in this sense with other nouns, as recharter n. re-abandon v. Brit. /ˌriːəˈbandən/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈbændən/ ΚΠ 1844 Earl of Malmesbury Diaries & Corr. First Earl of Malmesbury I. 78 Accused the Government..of having made a secret article with Spain to re-abandon the Island. 1856 Times 26 Nov. 7/3 The erring Violetta..at first indulges in the dream of a pure affection, and then re-abandons herself to those riotous impulses which have so long held dominion over the better part of her nature. 1996 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 2 Nov. d12 Bloom..worries herself sick over abandoning and re-abandoning her daughter. re-abolish v. Brit. /ˌriːəˈbɒlɪʃ/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈbɑlɪʃ/ ΚΠ 1818 Times 8 May 3/2 By re-abolishing those old feudal privileges, which Ferdinand, on his return, had restored. 1962 W. H. Auden Dyer's Hand (1963) 461 The distinction between the things of God and the things of Caesar is reabolished. 1996 New Statesman 26 July 23/2 When John Prescott wishes to re-abolish the 11-plus because he remembers how painful it was to fail it, he imagines that he wants to eliminate childhood suffering. reacclimatisation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːəˌklʌɪmətʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriəˌklaɪmədəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌriəˌklaɪməˌtaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1879 Temple Bar Oct. 252 With a view to their reacclimatisation in Switzerland. 1959 Jrnl. Animal Ecol. 28 381 Three of the papers deal with re-acclimatization of beavers in areas where they had been..extinct for a considerable time. 2000 Z. Sardar Consumption Kuala Lumpur 82 You had to walk out of the Mall and stand stock still for a few minutes of reacclimatization, taking in the palm trees, the sun, the heat, by way of a reality check. readjudicate v. Brit. /ˌriːəˈdʒuːdᵻkeɪt/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈdʒudəˌkeɪt/ ΚΠ 1829 T. Harris & R. W. Gill Rep. Court of Appeals Maryland 2 67 Progressing to an adjudication, and then going back to readjudicate. 1856 F. E. Paget Owlet of Owlstone Edge 164 Mr. Page was too discreet to readjudicate the matter. 1997 Albuquerque (New Mexico) (Nexis) 21 Nov. b3 There apparently would be more hoops to jump through if water rights were readjudicated or reassigned. re-admeasurement n. Brit. /ˌriːadˈmɛʒəm(ə)nt/ , U.S. /ˌriædˈmɛʒərmənt/ ΚΠ 1659 D. Abbott Let. 1 Mar. in P. Gaunt Corr. H. Cromwell (2007) 463 Though upon a readmeasurement the said colonell Prittye's lott be found to be an overplus of neare double what he ought to have. 1806 Repertory of Arts 2nd Ser. 8 421 This improvement of the measure has been invariably used..in the re-admeasurement of coals, for upwards of five years. 1858 Times 4 Dec. 6/4 One of the lopped victims..would be constantly reproaching him that he was getting too fat or growing too tall, and that the time was again come for a readmeasurement and readjustment. 1999 Federal News Service (Nexis) 29 June To no longer allow a tank vessel's phase-out date to change based upon its re-admeasurement. reamalgamate v. Brit. /ˌriːəˈmalɡəmeɪt/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈmælɡəˌmeɪt/ ΚΠ 1843 London Med. Gaz. 4 Aug. 709/2 The globules sublimed from the silver amalgams occasionally fall back again upon the silver, and reamalgamate. 1902 Proc. Royal Soc. 69 188 It is usually sufficient to carefully reamalgamate the zinc rods. 1996 Death by Default (Human Rights Watch) ii. 42 In 1965, however, the ‘work-study school’ was re-amalgamated into the Baoding Municipal Social Welfare Institute. reamalgamation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːəˌmalɡəˈmeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriəˌmælɡəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1835 C. White Belgic Revol. 1830 I. iv. 77 All future reamalgamation is impossible. 1848 Sci. Amer. 15 Apr. 238/1 The mercury on the amalgamated zinc would be attacked, and the plates would ere long need re-amalgamation. 1988 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 18 Aug. c4/1 Stains that do not respond to re-amalgamation—rings left by drinking glasses, for example—can usually be removed by rubbing them with fine abrasives, no matter what the finish. reannounce v. Brit. /ˌriːəˈnaʊns/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈnaʊns/ ΚΠ 1822 Port Folio Sept. 246 Waldegrave..resolves to begin the process of shaking off, by re-announcing a visit to the Continent. 1884 Amer. Law Reg. 32 496 The chancellor reannounced the severe doctrine of Lord Hardwicke. 1993 Isis 84 622/2 The pilgrim has announced and reannounced the discovery of the grail at almost every turn of the path. reannouncement n. Brit. /ˌriːəˈnaʊnsm(ə)nt/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈnaʊnsmənt/ ΚΠ 1815 P. Hervé Let. Sept. in How to Enjoy Paris (1816) I. ix. 221 Foreigners..look eagerly at the bills to observe the re-announcement of her name. 1874 J. Sully Sensation & Intuition 80 I regret having overlooked this reannouncement of Mr. Bain's views. 1999 Daily Tel. 3 Dec. 10/3 What we have heard from the minister is a smokescreen of minimalist announcements and heated-up reannouncements. reapportion v. Brit. /ˌriːəˈpɔːʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈpɔrʃ(ə)n/ ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > assign or allot > in due proportion > again reapportion1812 1812 S. S. Smith Lect. Moral & Polit. Philos. II. xxiii. 207 The death of the occupier..returns the soil back to its primitive state of community, to be re-apportioned by the law of society. a1861 A. H. Clough Poems (1869) 462 To recal our gifts and reapportion befits not. 1947 U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 328 569 The failure of the Legislature to reapportion the congressional election districts for forty years. 2000 N.Y. Times Mag. 22 Oct. 86/2 When the state's Congressional seats are reapportioned next year. reapportionment n. Brit. /ˌriːəˈpɔːʃnm(ə)nt/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈpɔrʃənmənt/ ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > [noun] > assigning or allotting > fresh reapportionment1788 relocating1789 relocation1804 repartition1836 reallotment1847 reallocation1856 1788 A. Hamilton et al. Federalist II. lviii. 162 These states..will be interested in frequent re-apportionments of the representatives to the number of inhabitants. 1821 Rep. Proc. & Deb. of Convent. (N.Y. State Constit. Convention) 260 Even in Massachusetts, where this now forms a part of their constitution, a re-apportionment of their senate was deemed necessary. 1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 18 June 476/4 There should be a reapportionment of seats. 1995 M. Monmonier Drawing Line vi. 209 Congressional remapping proved more troublesome than the state government's legislative reapportionment. reapposition n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌapəˈzɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌæpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlii. 394 Acting as checks or wedges to prevent their reapposition and cementation. 1991 Lancet 9 Feb. 332/2 Retinal reapposition is achieved by suturing a sponge or band to the sclera to produce a ‘buckle’, which closes the hole by (external) tamponade. reappreciate v. Brit. /ˌriːəˈpriːʃɪeɪt/ , /ˌriːəˈpriːsɪeɪt/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈpriʃiˌeɪt/ , /ˌriəˈprɪʃiˌeɪt/ ΚΠ 1932 Columbia Law Rev. 32 611 On liquidation the same investments had re-appreciated. 2001 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 60 489/2 Some rhetorical conceits may prove helpful in reappreciating the composition. reappreciation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːəˌpriːʃɪˈeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːəˌpriːsɪˈeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriəˌpriʃiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌriəˌprɪʃiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1821 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 96 195 The reexamination and reappreciation of the assertions. 1991 Dirty Linen Oct.–Nov. 55/1 This release proves to be an excellent 47-minute re-appreciation of Taj as a singer. re-asseverate v. Brit. /ˌriːəˈsɛvəreɪt/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈsɛvəˌreɪt/ ΚΠ 1840 W. G. Simms Border Beagles II. xix. 269 Vernon re-asseverated his innocence, with the solemn earnestness of one who was really anxious that they should be convinced. 1880 J. Nichol Byron 84 His frequent resolutions, made, re~asseverated, and broken. 1934 G. Sherburn Early Career of Alexander Pope vii. 191 Here Dennis reasseverates the utter lack of worth in Pope's work. re-attraction v. Brit. /ˌriːəˈtrakʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1807 D. Ellis Inq. Changes Atmospheric Air iii. 91 No chemical agent..can be imagined equal to the re-attraction of it through the organized structure of the animal. 1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. III. v. xvi. 285 The force of expansion and contraction (repulsion and re-attraction). 1998 Daily Variety (Nexis) 4 Nov. 10 A growing re-attraction between Tony and Karen. rebandage v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbandɪdʒ/ , U.S. /riˈbændɪdʒ/ ΚΠ 1838 Lancet 8 Dec. 406/2 The limb was washed all over more carefully than it had been, dried, rebandaged. 1910 A. McLaren Bawbee Jock vii. 87 Sheila helped her to dress, and re-bandaged her foot. 2002 J. Zagel Money to Burn iii. ii. 170 I rebandage the hand. rebawl v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbɔːl/ , U.S. /riˈbɔl/ , /riˈbɑl/ ΚΠ 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. i. i. 7 ‘I won't have my hair curl,’..rebawled the beauty. re-beam v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbiːm/ , U.S. /riˈbim/ ΚΠ 1785 T. Dwight Conquest of Canäan x. 269 As boundless ocean's smooth, resplendent plain Rebeams the skies. 1868 J. Brougham Lottery of Life iii. ii. 23 The clouds have rolled away, and the blessed sunlight of hope and happiness re-beams upon my life-path. 1919 E. Pound Quia Pauper Amavi 16 The infant beams at the parent, The parent re-beams at its offspring. 2006 Sun (Nexis) 7 Feb. Clued-up hackers have been ‘hijacking’ some of these wi-fi hotspots and re-beaming the signals from their own equipment. rebiff v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbɪf/ , U.S. /riˈbɪf/ ΚΠ 1934 E. Blunden Choice or Chance 53 Ye men of England, hear the clarion. If Inferior nations biff you, them rebiff. rebleach v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbliːtʃ/ , U.S. /riˈblitʃ/ ΚΠ 1859 Sci. Amer. 24 Dec. 411/3 The rain storm..which..held in solution chloride from sodium, from oceanic evaporation, necessarily re-bleached the paint. 1936 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 11 Jan. 9/2 Should it [sc. the cultch] fail to catch a set of oysters, then it can be taken from the water and rebleached for a second attempt. 2005 Real-time Imaging 11 99/2 Waste paper is not rebleached when it is fed back into paper production as a raw material. rebrandishing n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbrandᵻʃɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈbrændɪʃɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1881 Sat. Rev. 24 Sept. 375 A refurbishing and rebrandishing of weapons. reburst v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbəːst/ , U.S. /riˈbərst/ ΚΠ a1836 J. H. Wiffen tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered (1858) vii. 164 His..trunk seems rebursting into bloom. 1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) iii. 74 The re-bursting forth..of the pacificated cities. 1999 Richmond (Va.) Times Dispatch (Nexis) 1 Oct. c1 A veteran producer who reburst onto the screen several years ago with ‘Gulliver's Travels’. recable v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkeɪbl/ , U.S. /riˈkeɪb(ə)l/ ΚΠ 1879 Mountain Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 24 May 3/3 A Paris special to the London Telegraph, recabled to this side, says that the French government is fitting out several of its first-class war vessels. 1908 Daily Chron. 7 Apr. 1/7 Chicago, Monday... This afternoon..an alleged interview with Hackenschmidt is re-cabled from a London newspaper. 1995 Independent 24 Mar. 12/7 There was..the four-month wait for the television to be recabled. recaptivate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkaptᵻveɪt/ , U.S. /riˈkæptəˌveɪt/ ΚΠ 1761 T. Smollett Sir Launcelot Greaves xx, in Brit. Mag. July 359/1 I must..starve in some sequestered corner, or be recaptivated, and confined for ever to close prison. 1839 Ladies' Compan. Aug. 156/1 To attract the being they were intended to re-captivate. 1969 Mod. Lang. Rev. 64 5 By this time she has managed to recaptivate her feckless spouse. recaptivation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌkaptᵻˈveɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌkæptəˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1880 E. Oppert Forbidden Land iv. 110 Serious efforts for their recovery or recaptivation. 1997 D. R. Hofstadter Le Ton Beau de Marot ii. 6 (heading) Resuscitation, recaptivation, reorientation... There took place one of those haphazard mental resuscitations of ‘Ma Mignonne’... As always, I found it captivating, and I recited it with delight to my wife Carol. re-carve v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkɑːv/ , U.S. /riˈkɑrv/ ΚΠ 1828 Eclectic Rev. Dec. 533 Roubiliac..most liberally engaged to re-carve the head. 1924 J. Masefield Sard Harker 4 Men remembered this rhyme, and pled that it should be recarven. 1997 Church Times 5 Dec. 14 We started to re-carve missing and damaged pieces. re-catalogue v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkatəlɒɡ/ , /(ˌ)riːˈkatl̩ɒɡ/ , U.S. /riˈkædlˌɔɡ/ , /riˈkædlˌɑɡ/ ΚΠ 1849 Rep. Commissioners Brit. Museum (1850) 395 I understand you to say that it was in re-cataloguing that collection you spent that time? 1967 N. S. M. Cox & M. W. Grose Organization Bibliogr. Rec. by Computer vi. 143 Many books already catalogued would have to be re-catalogued. 2003 J. Connolly Works (2004) iii. 122 I had the whole of my Vera Lynns to recatalogue later that evening, as I recall. recentrifuge v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsɛntrᵻfjuː(d)ʒ/ , U.S. /riˈsɛntrəˌfju(d)ʒ/ ΚΠ 1905 Lancet 8 July 78/1 The deposit was washed in distilled water, re-centrifuged, and examined. 1938 A. A. Horvath Soybean Industry xi. 81 To further improve the oil it is agitated a second time with water containing..an alkaline reagent and recentrifuged. 1990 Jrnl. Developmental Physiol. 14 60/2 Supernatant was then decanted and filtered through nylon cloth and recentrifuged at 10,000 g for 7 min. rechisel v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈtʃɪzl/ , U.S. /riˈtʃɪz(ə)l/ ΚΠ 1820 T. K. Cromwell Excurs. Ireland II. viii. 123 The produce..may be restored to its original white colour by re-chiselling. 1863 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 3 218 Jupiter..was re-chiselled into St. Peter. 1991 J. Varley Steel Beach (1993) 111 Unless he decreased his intelligence deliberately to a point that might endanger the very humans he was designed to protect, he would rechisel this particular wheel in due time. rechromatograph v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkrəʊmətəɡrɑːf/ , /(ˌ)riːˈkrəʊmətəɡraf/ , /ˌriːkrə(ʊ)ˈmatəɡrɑːf/ , /ˌriːkrə(ʊ)ˈmatəɡraf/ , U.S. /riˈkroʊmədəˌɡræf/ , /ˌrikroʊˈmædəˌɡræf/ ΚΠ 1941 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 27 239 The filtrate..is evaporated, dissolved in a small volume of petroleum ether, and rechromatographed on calcium hydroxide. 1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 4093/1 RNA which did not bind to oligo(dT)–cellulose at high ionic strength was rechromatographed several times to ensure complete depletion of poly(A)-containing RNA. rechromatography n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌkrəʊməˈtɒɡrəfi/ , U.S. /riˌkroʊməˈtɑɡrəfi/ ΚΠ 1943 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 65 1533/2 The lowest zone separated on rechromatography into a major portion, neo-dihydro-α-carotene A,..and a well-defined minor zone below it, neo B. 1996 P. Tempst et al. in A. L. Burlingame & S. A. Carr Mass Spectrometry in Biol. Sci. 108 Recoveries after rechromatography are typically on the order of 40–60%. reclean v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkliːn/ , U.S. /riˈklin/ ΚΠ 1802 E. F. Robertson Life & Mem. 36 The servants..were constantly cleaning and re-cleaning, doing and undoing. 1883 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 5 587 The women reclean it by the fanning process. 1999 C. Mendelson Home Comforts lv. 648/2 You might try washing with a solution of enzyme-containing detergent... Reclean with an enzyme cleaner as soon as you can. recleanse v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈklɛnz/ , U.S. /riˈklɛnz/ ΚΠ 1664 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Treat. Dis. Stone ii, in Wks. 834 The hoard of Tartars being already long since cast out and re-cleansed elsewhere..I must now in this place, wage War with the Precepts of Galen. a1765 W. Dunkin Poet. Wks. (1770) II. 482 The holy bed of wedlock, if defil'd, Can never be recleans'd. 1874 G. H. Calvert Maid of Orleans ii. ii. 41 As though men's governance had failed on earth, And woman would recleanse infected power. 1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 437 The catheter must be thoroughly recleansed. 1984 Skin Diver (Nexis) Dec. 62 Water rushes out, constantly recleansing the slough. reclone v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkləʊn/ , U.S. /riˈkloʊn/ ΚΠ 1930 Jrnl. Ecol. 18 357 One plant, derived by cloning from the original wild plant, was re-cloned to make 156 plants in September 1927. 1985 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald Amer. 15 Dec. l8/3 Positive cultures are frozen, recloned and analyzed. 2003 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 13203/1 After the second round of growth enrichment, library 1 was recloned. recloning n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkləʊnɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈkloʊnɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1938 Jrnl. Ecol. 26 383 Many ramets now show ‘fairy-ring’ growth and natural recloning. 1962 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quantitative Biol. 27 410 Recloning of these clones gives rise to all converted clones. 2001 Jrnl. Parasitol. 87 624/1 The authenticity of the cDNA selected was demonstrated by recloning, expressing, and purification of the cDNA-encoded protein. recodify v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkəʊdᵻfʌɪ/ , U.S. /riˈkɑdəˌfaɪ/ , /riˈkoʊdəˌfaɪ/ ΚΠ 1818 S. T. Coleridge Misc. Crit. (1936) i. x. 185 It is curious that on this purely logical conception, or rather form of conceiving, Spinoza re-codified the pantheism of the old Greek philosophy. 1977 A. Giddens Stud. in Social & Polit. Theory ii. 121 Having decodified ‘functional explanation’, let me recodify a series of basic concepts which, I want to claim, supersede functionalism. 2002 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) (Nexis) 25 Apr. 14 It's been at least 25 years, and perhaps as much as five decades, since anyone recodified the village laws. reconceptualization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːkənˌsɛptʃʊəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːkənˌsɛptʃᵿlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːkənˌsɛptʃl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːkənˌsɛptjʊəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːkənˌsɛptjᵿlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌrikənˌsɛp(t)ʃ(əw)əˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1918 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 15 561 There becomes necessary a more or less frequent revision, restatement and reconceptualization of these facts. 1950 R. K. Merton & A. Kitt in R. K. Merton & P. F. Lazarsfeld Continuities in Social Research 80 Reconceptualization operated to this end by suggesting the relevance of a previously developed body of theoretic propositions, thus reducing the ad hoc nature of current interpretations and making for continuity of present findings and theories of the past. 1973 Sci. Amer. Sept. 120/2 With a reconceptualization of the hospital as a therapeutic community.., many of the chronic inpatients were able to be returned to the community. 1995 Times Lit. Suppl. 18 Aug. 26/1 The recommendations urge a reconceptualization of the police ‘as an inner-city version of the Peace Corps’. reconceptualize v. Brit. /ˌriːkənˈsɛptʃʊəlʌɪz/ , /ˌriːkənˈsɛptʃᵿlʌɪz/ , /ˌriːkənˈsɛptʃl̩ʌɪz/ , /ˌriːkənˈsɛptjʊəlʌɪz/ , /ˌriːkənˈsɛptjᵿlʌɪz/ , U.S. /ˌrikənˈsɛp(t)ʃ(əw)əˌlaɪz/ ΚΠ 1903 Philos. Rev. 12 28 Matter and force..are..constantly modified and reconceptualized to meet the demands of an ever-widening outlook upon the world of processes. 1977 A. Giddens Stud. in Social & Polit. Theory ii. 118 Let us at this juncture reconceptualize ‘structure’ as referring to generative rules and resources that are both applied in and constituted out of action. 1996 Daily Tel. 4 Sept. 3 Two black Americans are to rewrite or ‘reconceptualise’ the story. recondemn v. Brit. /ˌriːkənˈdɛm/ , U.S. /ˌrikənˈdɛm/ [originally after French recondamner (1611 in Cotgrave)] ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Recondamner To recondemne, or condemne againe. 1678 H. Vaughan Thalia Rediviva 23 And recondemn'd to kiss his Tree, Yield the young Goddess unto thee. 1884 Law Times 77 331/2 The Divisional Courts have been re-condemned. 1998 Northern Echo (Nexis) 24 Mar. 7 The Government is concerned that the move should not result in another ‘injustice’ where some soldiers are pardoned but others are re-condemned. reconscript v. Brit. /ˌriːkənˈskrɪpt/ , U.S. /ˌrikənˈskrɪpt/ ΚΠ 1864 Janesville (Wisconsin) Daily Gaz. 19 Jan. It is also recommended to re-conscript those whose term of service is about to expire. 1946 L. B. Lyon Rough Walk Home 17 Only his singular, re-conscripted breath Could fan to a purpose all that pyre his death. 2000 Express (Nexis) 11 Feb. The front line engulfed the programme and the remaining children were scattered. Some are feared to have been reconscripted. recontamination n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːkənˌtaməˈneɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌrikənˌtæməˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1889 Science 13 Sept. 174/1 Water so treated will remain clear and odorless for a long time if protected from recontamination by insects, falling leaves, etc. 1936 W. L. Davies Chem. of Milk xix. 435 The bacterial count of roller-dried milk powder is very low, but re-contamination occurs before packing. 2006 Chattanooga (Tennessee) Times Free Press (Nexis) 4 Nov. g7 Using a damp cloth, wipe down the area to capture all dust and potential fibers. Rinse the cloth and change the water often to prevent recontamination of surfaces. recontrast v. Brit. /ˌriːkənˈtrɑːst/ , /ˌriːkənˈtrast/ , /(ˌ)riːˈkɒntrɑːst/ , /(ˌ)riːˈkɒntrast/ , U.S. /riˈkɑnˌtræst/ , /ˌrikənˈtræst/ ΚΠ 1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xlviii. 160 In connection with the Brest-Litovsk treaty [Lenin] recontrasted those who were ‘revolutionaries out of sentiment’ with ‘real revolutionaries’. 1996 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 11 Nov. 46 Each image can be zoomed, rotated, flopped, mirrored, lightened, darkened or re-contrasted simply with the program's point-and-click interface. recool v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkuːl/ , U.S. /riˈkul/ ΚΠ 1825 Mechanics' Mag. 16 Apr. 21/2 The water..can only be safely used in food or drink after it has been boiled, recooled, and allowed to settle for some time. 1903 S. Rideal Disinfection & Preservation Food xiv. 425 This brine, after picking up heat in the chambers, returns to the machine to be re-cooled. 1993 Biomed. Sci. Instrumentation 25 47 The new shape is retained until the part is rewarmed and recooled, at which time the part reverts to its original manufactured shape. recooled adj. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkuːld/ , U.S. /riˈkuld/ ΚΠ 1891 J. H. Linsley tr. C. Fraenkel Text-bk. Bacteriol. 78 They [sc. boiled potatoes] are next halved with a heated and recooled knife. 1999 Jrnl. Aerosol Sci. 30 Suppl. 29 The gas..enters a packed column where it is cooled down by circulating recooled water. recooling n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkuːlɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈkulɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1914 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 214 120 (caption) The four points..were obtained by recooling after the crystals had been melted. 1968 C. G. Kuper Introd. Theory Superconductivity v. 93 These nucleation centres are remarkably stable—they often survive the heating of the specimen to room temperature and subsequent recooling. recorrect v. Brit. /ˌriːkəˈrɛkt/ , U.S. /ˌrikəˈrɛk(t)/ ΚΠ 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Ricoreggere To recorrect. 1758 T. Edwards Canons Crit. ii. 29 Which must be re-corrected thus. 1841 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 7 179 I can thus correct and re-correct as long as my eye perceives any difference between the original and the copy. 1980 Educ. Stud. Math. 11 31 Help the students reconstruct and recorrect the concept of ‘slide’. recorrected adj. Brit. /ˌriːkəˈrɛktᵻd/ , U.S. /ˌrikəˈrɛktəd/ ΚΠ 1831 Q. Jrnl. Educ. Jan. 155 This little volume is a ‘corrected and recorrected’ edition of lessons actually given to children. 1862 T. A. Trollope Marietta II. xii. 205 Corrected and recorrected sheets. 1994 MTI Econews (Nexis) 4 Jan. The Budapest Stock Exchange on Monday published the final recorrected closing prices for December 31, 1993. recorrection n. Brit. /ˌriːkəˈrɛkʃn/ , U.S. /ˌrikəˈrɛkʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1606 B. Barnes Foure Bks. Offices ii. 99 Such things (as cannot admit a recorrection, or reconsideration) must be with good discretion deliberated. 1861 B. Ridge Ourselves, our Food, & our Physic xv. 189 Much is done only to be expunged on correction and re-correction. 1935 Ecology 16 466 The same sort of sliding-scale recorrection may be applied. 2002 Univ. Toronto Law Jrnl. 52 55 The central monitor instead encourages the correction and re-correction of choices. re-corrupt v. Brit. /ˌriːkəˈrʌpt/ , U.S. /ˌrikəˈrəpt/ ΚΠ 1796 J. B. Gilchrist Gram. Hindoostanee Lang. 93 We have even re-corrupted it to corge. 1860 F. W. Farrar Ess. Origin Lang. iii. 60 Re-corrupted into a purely mechanical word. 1992 Evening Standard (Nexis) 5 Mar. 43 There had been a moment of repentance, when she had gone back to the wily salesperson and asked for her old age again. But she had been re-corrupted without difficulty. recrowd v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkraʊd/ , U.S. /riˈkraʊd/ ΚΠ 1836 Fraser's Mag. 13 306 Will the recognition of the independence of Buenos Ayres..recrowd its abandoned harbours? 1907 A. Stringer Woman in Rain 79 While re-crowd about his throne Those who serve when all is fair. 2002 Chattanooga (Tennessee) Times Free Press (Nexis) 13 May b6 Schools, due to cuts in state funding, are cutting teachers, recrowding classrooms and killing proposals for early reading programs. recrush v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkrʌʃ/ , U.S. /riˈkrəʃ/ ΚΠ 1849 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. III. xv. 383 After sufficient washing, it no longer reddens turmeric-paper, unless it be recrushed in a mortar. 1912 Times 23 Dec. 14/4 Fully 50 per cent. of the crushed ore will need recrushing at a cost of 20 cents per ton. 2001 Britannia 32 273 The various specimens proved friable enough to be crushed using a wooden roller... Compound grains were sieved out and recrushed. redebit v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈdɛbɪt/ , U.S. /riˈdɛbɪt/ ΚΠ 1754 Answers G. Moir 1 Messrs. Lane and Caswell had refused to honour the Draught; whereupon Mr. Bannerman immediately re-debited the Petitioner. 1860 Times 7 June 10/6 If they had been sent to Middleton and Son they would have redebited the Gibraltar firm. 1934 S. W. Rowland Hughes-Onslow's Lawyer's Man. Book-keeping (ed. 3) i. 9 The bank, for its part and from its point of view, credited when the cheque was paid in. Consequently when the cheque is found to be worthless, it redebits. 2005 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 18 Oct. d6 [They] re-debited my credit card by $414.74. That meant the airline had effectively been paid twice for the same ticket. re-decimate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈdɛsᵻmeɪt/ , U.S. /riˈdɛsəˌmeɪt/ ΚΠ 1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 418 He consented to re-decimate those on whom the lot had fallen. 1968 Van Nuys (Calif.) News 26 Apr. 3/1 His personal fortune has been ‘decimated and re-decimated’. re-decline v. Brit. /ˌriːdᵻˈklʌɪn/ , U.S. /ˌridəˈklaɪn/ , /ˌridiˈklaɪn/ ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Redecliner, to redecline, to decline againe. 1816 J. Austen Emma I. ix. 172 He re-urged—she re-declined . View more context for this quotation 1990 Playboy (Nexis) Jan. 48 [They] re- declined to prosecute a drug- smuggling case in which the Customs Service had confiscated a half ton of marijuana. redecontaminate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌdiːk(ə)nˈtamᵻneɪt/ , U.S. /riˌdikənˈtæməˌneɪt/ ΚΠ 1935 A. P. Herbert What a Word! vi. 187 I do not think that she [sc. the Ship of State] was ever..‘redecontaminated’. redecontamination n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌdiːk(ə)ntamᵻˈneɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌdikənˌtæməˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1935 A. P. Herbert What a Word! i. 21 The answer from high places was: ‘A process of redecontamination would be advisable.’ 1969 P.E.N. 9 48 He recalled that at the beginning of the 1939 War the use of the word ‘contaminate’ for a gas attack had seemed comic, particularly when it involved ‘decontamination’ and ‘redecontamination’ stations. 2001 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 15 Nov. b5 Who will foot the bill for re-decontamination and lawsuits should human health be affected? Taxpayers? redemarcation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌdiːmɑːˈkeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌdimɑrˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1924 W. W. Willoughby Fund. Concepts of Public Law i. vi. 62 This same spirit of enlightenment that has given rise to a demand for a re-demarcation of political boundaries will, in turn, as civilization continues to advance, make this demand less imperative. 1938 Times 17 Jan. 11/5 The chief violations [of the Soviet constitution] have been the redemarcation of internal frontiers and the formation of new territorial and administrative units. 2006 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 16 May 14 The result may be a redemarcation of old divides between Christianity and Islam—but only the Israeli Jewish Left so willing to give up on its own national identity would call this racism. redesert v. Brit. /ˌriːdᵻˈzəːt/ , U.S. /ˌridəˈzərt/ , /ˌridiˈzərt/ ΚΠ 1826 D. Denham & H. Clapperton Narr. Trav. N. & Central Afr. ii. 74 This day five of his horsemen, and twenty of his men on foot, re-deserted. 1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) VI. Index 572/1 He redeserts, and offers to negotiate for return of colonies to allegiance. 1981 Evolution 35 285/1 Males that redeserted their nest never returned and attacked the sculpin dummy. redeserve v. Brit. /ˌriːdᵻˈzəːv/ , U.S. /ˌridəˈzərv/ , /ˌridiˈzərv/ ΚΠ 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Ricambiáre To reward or redeserve againe. 1829 W. Taylor Historic Surv. German Poetry II. 76 A panegyric which..has not been redeserved by any subsequent poet. 1996 Financial Times (Nexis) 22 Aug. (Arts section) 15 Can these statuettes be recalled, pending serious and honourable attempts to re-deserve them? rediscipline v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈdɪsᵻplᵻn/ , U.S. /riˈdɪsəplən/ ΚΠ 1860 J. White Hist. Eng. xi. iii. 728 Burgoyne resolved to make for..Saratoga, and refresh and re-discipline his men. 1875 R. D. Blackmore Alice Lorraine II. xxiii. 315 The British army,..sternly redisciplined, was eager to bound forward. 1999 Patriot Ledger (Quincy, Mass.) (Nexis) 6 Apr. e4 I wanted to re-discipline myself because I hadn't been to school in a while. re-disembark v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌdɪs(ᵻ)mˈbɑːk/ , /(ˌ)riːˌdɪsɛmˈbɑːk/ , U.S. /riˌdɪsɛmˈbɑrk/ , /riˌdɪsəmˈbɑrk/ ΚΠ 1807 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1808) 11 353 The first expedition..was embarked, disembarked, re-embarked, re-disembarked, about ten times in ten months. redisplay v. Brit. /ˌriːdᵻˈspleɪ/ , U.S. /ˌridəˈspleɪ/ ΚΠ 1749 A. Hill Gideon (rev. ed.) i. 4 Timely, thy home-bent Radiance, re-display'd, Struck the dim Doubter, and dispell'd the Shade. 1882 Albert Lea (Minnesota) Standard 25 May He..returned to the Knickerbocker store where he found the offensive notice had been redisplayed on the table. 1953 New Oxford (Pa.) Item 19 Feb. 7/1 The store is doing business as usual but is being renovated and the stock is being classified and redisplayed. 2002 Ashmolean Ann. Rep. 3 The Prehistoric collections are being gradually rearranged and redisplayed with particular attention being paid to the needs of younger visitors. redisplay n. Brit. /ˌriːdᵻˈspleɪ/ , U.S. /ˌridəˈspleɪ/ ΚΠ a1832 J. Bentham Ess. Logic in Wks. (1843) VIII. 261 No counting, no collection, no re-display, is necessary. 1975 Burlington Mag. Oct. 682/1 More instructive are the new Victorian Rooms at the National Portrait Gallery, the first phase in the planned re-display of all the Victorian and Edwardian material on the first floor. 2005 Communication Arts May–June 97/2 The socks can easily be placed back into the package after sampling for redisplay, unlike most of the competition. redissect v. Brit. /ˌriːdᵻˈsɛkt/ , /ˌriːdʌɪˈsɛkt/ , U.S. /ˌridəˈsɛk(t)/ , /ˌriˌdaɪˈsɛk(t)/ ΚΠ 1839 J. P. Robertson & W. P. Robertson Lett. on Paraguay III. ii. 22 The tiresome prolixity with which he dissected, and redissected every particular. 1856 Q. Rev. 99 396 We are not going to re-dissect the ‘Essais’. 1999 Idaho Falls Post Reg. (Nexis) 11 Oct. b1 In a procedure that took six hours, Hicks went through White's skin and redissected the diseased part of the jaw. redocketing n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈdɒkᵻtɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈdɑkədɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1840 Irish Law Rep. 2 121 The provisions..for the re-docketing and continuance of these judgments. 1872 4th Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. Ireland 11 in Parl. Papers (C. 515) XXXIII. 297 The re-docketing and revival books. 1956 Harvard Law Rev. 70 326 The redocketing of a case at a later date is referred to in many cities as a postponement or an adjournment. 2001 Indiana Lawyer (Nexis) 10 Oct. 8 We should implement this redocketing fee and hopefully Bob..can convince you guys that 100 percent of that should stay in the counties. redry v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈdrʌɪ/ , U.S. /riˈdraɪ/ ΚΠ 1778 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. Digest 67 Be careful to re-dry every lock in rainy weather. 1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. I. iv. 87 Malt that has suffered injury..will not be recovered by redrying it. 1977 Financial Times 9 Sept. 33/6 Sunday was fine and we cut about 50 acres of wheat and were still re-drying it through Wednesday as Monday and Tuesday were very poor harvesting days. 1994 P. Baker Blood Posse xii. 145 She busied herself around the draining rack, drying and redrying the plates. re-earn v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈəːn/ , U.S. /riˈərn/ ΚΠ 1837 Reg. Deb. Congr. 13 1968 By the sweat of their brow they will have to re-earn their respective portions of the surplus revenue when it shall have been deposited in the State treasuries. 1879 H. Barnett in Macmillan's Mag. June 135 The opportunities of re-earning a character. 1936 M. Moore Let. 18 Jan. in Sel. Lett. (1997) 359 But a frenzied miser could not have been more desperate than I have been at times, in thinking of lost savings which I am now incapable of re-earning. 2007 Anchorage (Alaska) Daily News (Nexis) 9 Apr. f1 If you want your supervisor to treat you the way she did before you broke your promise, you need to re-earn her trust. re-emanation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌɛməˈneɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌɛməˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ a1832 J. Bentham Ess. Logic in Wks. (1843) VIII. 225 Recession out of or re-emanation from it. 1981 J. L. Brockington Sacred Thread x. 193 The emanation of the universe, its destruction and re-emanation, the reigns and periods of the Manus, the genealogies of the gods and sages, and the genealogy of the solar and lunar dynasties. re-empower v. Brit. /ˌriːᵻmˈpaʊə/ , /ˌriːɛmˈpaʊə/ , U.S. /ˌriᵻmˈpaʊ(ə)r/ , /ˌriɛmˈpaʊ(ə)r/ ΚΠ 1659 J. Audley Englands Common-wealth 15 People thus re-impowred may (with the same Liberty) set up other Governours over themselves. 1849 R. Bell Memorials Civil War II. 3 The Parliamentary Committee of Safety is re-empowered. 1993 R. Limbaugh See, I told you So iii. 29 Today, as liberalism has been re-empowered, it's fashionable again to punish achievement. re-enrich v. Brit. /ˌriːᵻnˈrɪtʃ/ , /ˌriːɛnˈrɪtʃ/ , U.S. /ˌriᵻnˈrɪtʃ/ , /ˌriɛnˈrɪtʃ/ ΚΠ 1847 O. S. Fowler Self-Culture (new ed.) i. 20 A given piece of land..if re-enriched only with the manure made from the cast-off portion of its own products..will support human life. 1936 Port Arthur (Texas) News 9 July 12/3 Later the stubble will be plowed under to re-enrich the ground. 1992 Nature 15 Oct. 626/1 Plume heads may be re-enriched by percolation of small-degree partial melts, such as nephelinitic magmas. re-enrichment n. Brit. /ˌriːᵻnˈrɪtʃm(ə)nt/ , /ˌriːɛnˈrɪtʃm(ə)nt/ , U.S. /ˌriᵻnˈrɪtʃmənt/ , /ˌriɛnˈrɪtʃmənt/ ΚΠ 1914 H. James Notes Son & Brother vii. 201 She in the later time..alighted again, to the no small re-enrichment of a company of friends. 1957 Stanford Law Rev. 10 10 Some such isotopes can be used, after removal of certain elements and ‘re-enrichment’, for reactor fuel. re-equilibrate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌiːkwᵻˈlʌɪbreɪt/ , /(ˌ)riːˌɛkwᵻˈlʌɪbreɪt/ , /(ˌ)riːˌiːkwᵻˈlɪbreɪt/ , /(ˌ)riːˌɛkwᵻˈlɪbreɪt/ , /ˌriːiːˈkwɪlᵻbreɪt/ , /ˌriːᵻˈkwɪlᵻbreɪt/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈkwɪləˌbreɪt/ , /ˌriɛˈkwɪləˌbreɪt/ , /ˌriiˈkwɪləˌbreɪt/ ΚΠ 1876 H. Spencer Princ. Sociol. I. viii. 107 If the environing action changes, the species changes until it re-equilibrates itself with them. 1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth i. 27/1 Once an igneous rock has completely solidified, however, the absence of a fluid phase and the reduction of temperature make it very difficult for the minerals to re-equilibrate to new assemblages which would be stable at lower temperatures. re-equilibration n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌiːkwᵻlʌɪˈbreɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌɛkwᵻlʌɪˈbreɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌiːkwᵻlᵻˈbreɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌɛkwᵻlᵻˈbreɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːiːˌkwɪlᵻˈbreɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːᵻˌkwɪlᵻˈbreɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriəˌkwɪləˈbreɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌriɛˌkwɪləˈbreɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌriiˌkwɪləˈbreɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. ii. ix. 283 The re-equilibration of constitution and conditions proceeds in the human race very slowly. 1937 Rural Sociol. 2 173 The fact that the means of subsistence increase more rapidly than the population may be a factor of re-equilibration. 2004 Anal. & Bioanal. Chem. 378 383/1 The whole chromatographic run, including re-equilibration of the column, took 35 min. re-essay v. Brit. /ˌriːɛˈseɪ/ , U.S. /ˌriɛˈseɪ/ ΚΠ 1826 C. Tompson Wild Notes 16 It bids wrapt Fancy bound with livelier spring, And wake and re-essay her weary wing. 1851 C. L. Smith tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered ii. lxxxix His reasoning in these words he re-essayed. 1967 Port Arthur (Texas) News 10 Sept. c3/2 Dame Margot and Labis..will be re-essaying their Kansas City roles as Elizabeth and Essex. 2001 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 11 Aug. 8 He mixes some of the fabulous material that he had re-essayed in his 1968 TV special comeback show..with some ridiculous..schlock. re-estimate n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈɛstᵻmət/ , U.S. /riˈɛstᵻmət/ ΚΠ 1830 Jrnl. Assembly State N.Y. 279 Praying for a re-estimate of damages alleged to have been sustained by them. 1920 T. S. Woolsey Stud. French Forestry x. 287 In case the area which is being cleared is burned over, a re-estimate of the work may be made and the contract relet. 1952 S. Spender Shelley 44 Not so much a re-estimate, as a restoring of some sort of balance. 2001 Massage & Bodywork Dec. 143/1 Between 1998, when Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals (ABMP) first gathered such data, and summer 2001 when a re-estimate was made, the number of practicing massage therapists grew from 137,390 to 166,698. re-estimate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈɛstᵻmeɪt/ , U.S. /riˈɛstəˌmeɪt/ ΚΠ 1821 Public Statute Laws Connecticut 131 Which court..may..appoint three other freeholders..to re-estimate such damages. 1907 A. J. Milroy & M. Robertson tr. A. Magnus-Levy in C. von Noorden et al. Metabolism & Pract. Med. I. iv. 274 Where we have to deal with an illness which..does affect metabolism..it must naturally be taken into account, and the figures modified, or, better still, re-estimated. 1964 K. G. Lockyer Introd. Crit. Path Anal. ix. 89 An alternative is to insert the actual (or re-estimated) times. 1994 Independent on Sunday 6 Nov. (Business section) 8/3–5 More important is that the Bank's number crunchers have re-estimated the past statistical relationship between inflation and the dreaded ‘output gap’. re-evocation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌiːvə(ʊ)ˈkeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌɛvə(ʊ)ˈkeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌivoʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌɛvəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌɛvoʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1921 D. Ainslie tr. B. Croce Theory & Hist. of Historiography i. ii. 43 Each one of us is not content with inquiring into history, but also acts, and in acting can quite well avail himself of the re-evocation of this or that image. 1924 S. Joyce in J. Joyce Lett. (1966) III. 104 This re-evocation and exaggeration of detail by detail and the spiritual dejection which accompanies them are purely in the spirit of the confessional. 2000 Financial Times (Nexis) 1 Apr. (Travel section) 15 What is so gratifying in Delhi is that, instead of the sprayed-on ‘heritage’ atmosphere of the Strand,..what has been achieved in the Indian city is a more genuine historical re-evocation. re-evoke v. Brit. /ˌriːᵻˈvəʊk/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈvoʊk/ , /ˌriiˈvoʊk/ ΚΠ 1851 Times 10 Feb. 5/2 The announcement..that the measure for the abolition of the Irish Court is to be again brought forward this session has re-evoked the tempest of ‘nationality’ that had in a great measure been lulled..at the recent meeting in the Rotunda. 1894 G. Du Maurier Trilby iv It was as though..the keen, quick, razor-like edge of his power to reach and re-evoke the bygone charm and glamour and essence of things had been blunted and coarsened. 1990 Brain 113 1594 The central device needed to trigger that activity must have some of the properties of Damasio's ‘convergence zones’ which drive the retroactive activity and thus re-evoke mental representations in the relevant association cortices of the modalities concerned. re-exhilarate v. Brit. /ˌriːᵻɡˈzɪləreɪt/ , /ˌriːɛɡˈzɪləreɪt/ , U.S. /ˌriɪɡˈzɪləˌreɪt/ , /ˌriɛɡˈzɪləˌreɪt/ ΚΠ 1812 J. J. Henry Accurate Acct. Campaign against Quebec 195 It often re-exhilarates my mind to remember the occurrences. 1925 Jrnl. Social Forces 3 248/1 And so the old weary processes, re-exhilarated by the wine of a new aim, begin afresh. 2006 Print Week (Nexis) 1 June 35 Perhaps that's encouraged Presstek to re-exhilarate the market. re-explain v. Brit. /ˌriːᵻkˈspleɪn/ , /ˌriːɛkˈspleɪn/ , U.S. /ˌriɪkˈspleɪn/ , /ˌriɛkˈspleɪn/ ΚΠ 1758 tr. Voltaire Maid of Orleans I. iii. 60 What writings, what disquisitions, what mandates, what explications, to be re-explained [Fr. que l'on explique encor], lest any thing should be understood! 1804–6 S. Smith Elem. Sketches Moral Philos. (1850) xix. 282 A writer has no such..power of re-explaining them. 1904 H. James Golden Bowl II. xxxi. 126 She had explained at home, she had repeatedly re-explained, the terms of her dilemma. 1989 ‘J. Gash’ Jade Woman (1990) xxi. 181 Geckos I'd seen before but had to have them re-explained to me. re-explanation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌɛkspləˈneɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌɛkspləˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1753 J. Scott Notes & Observ. Genesis 246 He is not to expect here a Re-explanation of them. 1825 B. Montagu Inq. Courts of Commissioners of Bankrupts iv. 97 By examination and re-examination, explanation and re-explanation. 1972 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 66 452/2 The possible continued re-explanation of the same voting acts. re-exploration n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌɛkspləˈreɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌɛkspləˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ a1850 S. H. Tyng in W. P. Strickland Hist. Amer. Bible Soc. (1850) 421 The whole land in which we dwell needs a re-exploration and supply. 1901 Oxf. Times 2 Mar. 3/5 Successful re-exploration of the royal tombs at Abydos. 1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 453 (heading) A retrospective analysis of 93 patients undergoing 128 re-explorations for persistent or recurrent hypercalcaemia is presented. re-explore v. Brit. /ˌriːᵻkˈsplɔː/ , /ˌriːɛkˈsplɔː/ , U.S. /ˌriɪkˈsplɔr/ , /ˌriɛkˈsplɔr/ ΚΠ a1725 W. Wagstaffe Dr. Woodward's Ghost (1748) 8 Unenvied Realms, I re-explore. 1845 H. Miller Let. 16 Oct. in P. Bayne Life & Lett. H. Miller (1871) II. vi. iii. 403 I took coach for the Leasowes, where I spent some hours in re-exploring, and then, passing through Hales Owen, walked on to the Clent Hills. 1933 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 142 350 For this reason we have not re-explored this region, since we could not hope to detect the presence of groups of such weak intensity. 1994 Skydiving Feb. 6/4 Test jumpers should jump these suspect Novas in various conditions. Every corner of their flight envelopes should be reexplored. re-expose v. Brit. /ˌriːᵻkˈspəʊz/ , /ˌriːɛkˈspəʊz/ , U.S. /ˌriɪkˈspoʊz/ , /ˌriɛkˈspoʊz/ ΚΠ 1693 Coll. Mod. Eng. Bks. (title page) He that bids most is the buyer; but if any difference arise, which the company can't decide, the book to be re-exposed. 1709 Philos. Trans. 1708–09 (Royal Soc.) 26 383 In re-exposing these chrystalline particles to the focus upon charcoal, they melted very easily, and took again the form of tin. 1883 Times 29 Mar. 3/2 The detachment of Prussia from Austria..would re-expose the thrones of Europe to the disimprisoned forces of anarchy. 1946 Nature 28 Dec. 946/1 The slides are located in their former position and re-exposed. 1997 Eng. Nature Nov. 3/2 Climber Eric Stevens went over the edge of a crag to clear assorted climbing plants, ivy and clematis and re-expose the host of small ostracod fossils. re-exposure n. Brit. /ˌriːᵻkˈspəʊʒə/ , /ˌriːɛkˈspəʊʒə/ , U.S. /ˌriɪkˈspoʊʒər/ , /ˌriɛkˈspoʊʒər/ ΚΠ 1793 Minutes for Alexander Mackenzie 5 A demand made for a re-exposure of the lots which he had bought. 1813 Ann. Philos. 2 196 The property of affording a fresh quantity of ashes on re-exposure to the fire. 1911 Times 12 Aug. 10/6 A successful re-exposure of an important Scottish estate in Ayrshire. 1993 Sci. Amer. May 39/3 Often the rapid reexposure to oxygen generates highly reactive molecular species, known as free radicals, that can do further damage. refabricate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfabrᵻkeɪt/ , U.S. /riˈfæbrəˌkeɪt/ ΚΠ 1801 Repertory of Arts 14 Contents p. v Specification of Mr. Koops's Patent for refabricating Paper. 1852 De Bow's Rev. Dec. 616/2 We allow..little for the use of the precious metals in the arts, because a great quantity of that raw material is refabricated. a1942 B. Malinowski Sci. Theory of Culture (1944) 164 In a small farcical form, such a charter has been refabricated in the Blut und Boden doctrine of modern Naziism. 1989 New Yorker 18 Sept. 133/2 Only a master of tone could refabricate the sanctimonious and yet sincere, the self-serving and yet admirable farrago of words and TV images with which Americans surround their mistakes. refabrication n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌfabrᵻˈkeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌfæbrəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1799 Repertory of Arts 10 136 (heading) Processes for the Re-fabrication of printed Paper. 1846 W. Greener Sci. Gunnery (new ed.) App. 415 The old wrought iron is useless for refabrication. 1980 Times 7 Mar. 25/4 Refabrication of the uranium and plutonium into new fuel assemblies. re-fascinate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfasᵻneɪt/ , U.S. /riˈfæsəˌneɪt/ ΚΠ 1846 W. S. Landor Hellenics in Wks. (1846) II. 485 With blood enough will I re~fascinate The cursed incantation. 1941 Kingsport (Tennessee) Times 13 Mar. 3/3 When..women find out that their husbands are tired of them, they..take the whole works at the beauty shops and get busy trying to refascinate their husbands and turn them into lovers once more. 2004 Denver Post (Nexis) 19 Nov. f1 When I started making this movie, I went to Thomas Jefferson's home and became reacquainted, re-fascinated with the genius of the Founding Fathers. refeature v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfiːtʃə/ , U.S. /riˈfitʃər/ ΚΠ 1904 Bismarck (N. Dakota) Daily Tribune 25 Aug. 2/2 The frequent calls for Mr. Schmol to come out and refeature the statue resulted in an open rupture and a recourse to lawyers. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 529 The face of Martin Cunningham, bearded, refeatures Shakespeare's beardless face. 1997 Boston Herald (Nexis) 18 Nov. 4 (caption) Barbie's new face refeatures a closed mouth, straighter hair, a finer nose and less makeup. refecundate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfɛk(ə)ndeɪt/ , /(ˌ)riːˈfiːk(ə)ndeɪt/ , U.S. /riˈfɛkənˌdeɪt/ ΚΠ 1957 L. Durrell Justine iii. 199 The resonance of this one phrase refecundated his powers of feeling. reflog v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈflɒɡ/ , U.S. /riˈflɑɡ/ ΚΠ 1843 Baron Mac Guckin de Slane tr. Ibn Khallikan Biogr. Dict. II. 548 I wish I had been flogged and reflogged for every question of law on which I pronounced an opinion founded on my own private judgment. 1882 St. James's Gaz. 24 June 11/1 The same offender has..become liable to be reflogged. 1997 Scotl. on Sunday (Nexis) 8 June 17 They keep flogging and re-flogging the dead horse of ethnic Scottishness as a civic identity. re-flush v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈflʌʃ/ , U.S. /riˈfləʃ/ ΚΠ 1825 N.Y. Rev. Sept. 311 Sickly cheek reflushed With the warm current. 1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xlii. 495 The tints remained during several minutes..paling almost away, for a moment, then re-flushing,—a shifting, restless, unstable succession of soft opaline gleams. 1998 Falconers & Raptor Conservation Mag. Spring 33/1 Although we do not hound our quarry for hours on end we are prepared to ‘re-flush’ a pheasant a couple of times. refoliate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfəʊlɪeɪt/ , U.S. /riˈfoʊliˌeɪt/ ΚΠ 1932 Amer. Naturalist 66 357 Out of fifty neighboring trees of S. japonica on the university campus, only two were completely defoliated... Two months later they were completely refoliated. 1963 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Feb. 143/1 The Book of Durrow..was taken to pieces,..rearranged, refoliated, repaired, reconditioned and..superbly rebound. 2004 D. H. Janzen in G. W. Frankie et al. Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica vii. 87 Although there is a great burst of new foliage at the beginning of the rainy season, individual plants may refoliate as much as a month before to a month after, depending on the species of plant. refoliation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌfəʊlɪˈeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌfoʊliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1897 Science 4 June 892/2 A double ring..resulting from refoliation of the branches denuded shortly after the season's growth had begun. 1956 Nature 31 Mar. 619/2 Oidium heveae is most prominent in Malaya at the time of refoliation after ‘wintering’ of the trees. 1991 Birder's World Oct. 14/3 There has been an upsurge in kite populations in some areas... This may be attributable..to landscaping and refoliation along hundreds of miles of freeway. re-ford v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfɔːd/ , U.S. /riˈfɔrd/ ΚΠ 1825 A. Cunningham in B. Field Geogr. Mem. New S. Wales vi. 137 I accordingly reforded the Cugeegong. 1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 200 He quenches his thirst as he re-fords the stream. 1948 Classical Jrnl. 43 266/2 A desperate gamble to re-ford the Metaurus. reforward v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfɔːwəd/ , U.S. /riˈfɔrwərd/ ΚΠ 1852 A. Jones Hist. Sketch of Electric Telegraph iii. 21 The plan at first was to receive a message at one station, and then reforward it, and each way-operator had to be on the look-out. 1911 Mrs. H. Ward Case of Richard Meynell xxiii. 484 Hester's telegram, sent originally to Upcote and reforwarded, had reached Meynell in Paris. 1957 M. Lowry Let. 29 Apr. (1967) 407 Your letter of March 12..Cape sent it back to Canada again, so that it had to get reforwarded again from B.C. before I received it. 2001 Miami Herald (Nexis) 28 May g21 The example you sent me was an e-mail that had been forwarded and re-forwarded several times in what's called the ‘attachment’ style. re-forwarding n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfɔːwədɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈfɔrwərdɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1852 A. Jones Hist. Sketch of Electric Telegraph xiv. 136 Six for the New-York press, and the remaining copies for reforwarding to the press in other cities and towns. 1899 Times 19 Apr. 8/2 The package was..in due course was despatched by them per London and North-Western Railway to our care for re-forwarding. 1947 J. Hilton So well Remembered iv. 265 George's last two letters had never reached Charles... (They did arrive, eventually, after a series of fantastic re-forwardings.) 2002 Asia Pulse (Nexis) 2 Oct. With the deployment of Unicenter, such intuitive event management features as message banners, email or pager alerts, message re-forwarding,..or even pre-defined recover actions, may be invoked. refrequent v. Brit. /ˌriːfrᵻˈkwɛnt/ , /(ˌ)riːˈfriːkwənt/ , U.S. /ˌrifriˈkwɛnt/ , /ˌriˈfrikwənt/ ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Refrequenter, to refrequent. 1858 Househ. Words 7 Aug. 184/1 He..refrequents verdant landscapes. 2004 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 20 May 41 The best reason to re-frequent an eatery since happy hour. refurl v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfəːl/ , U.S. /riˈfərl/ ΚΠ 1844 Knickerbocker Oct. 323 Close-reefing topsails and coursers, and re-furling them snugly to the yards. 1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 131 Refurl the sails. 1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 62 I have gone abovedecks in crashing midnight weather to refurl storm-loosened sails. reimpatriate v. Brit. /ˌriːɪmˈpatrɪeɪt/ , /ˌriːɪmˈpeɪtrɪeɪt/ , U.S. /ˌriᵻmˈpeɪtriˌeɪt/ ΚΠ 1618 J. Harmar tr. D. Heinsius Mirrour of Humilitie ii. 51 That hee might thereby restore it vnto its prime and first state, and as it were, reimpatriate vs [L. vt naturam nostram per originem reatum vsque ad inferos depressam]. 1911 W. De Morgan Likely Story vi. 179 Dulgrove's representative..promised upon the honour of both to return at half-past ten to reimpatriate the two ladies at Athabasca Villa. re-impatriation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːɪmˌpatrɪˈeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːɪmˌpeɪtrɪˈeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriᵻmˌpeɪtriˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1853 A. H. Clough in N. Amer. Rev. July 2 (note) The word spoom..seems hardly to deserve re-impatriation. reincubate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈɪŋkjᵿbeɪt/ , /(ˌ)riːˈɪnkjᵿbeɪt/ , U.S. /riˈɪnkjəˌbeɪt/ , /riˈɪŋkjəˌbeɪt/ ΚΠ 1917 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 3 272 Reagan has put Swift's observations to a crucial experimental test by removing the crescentic germ-cell area of the primitive-streak stage, and reincubating such operated specimens. 1962 H. L. Kern et al. in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 386 The lenses were subsequently removed, dipped in saline containing antibiotics, and reincubated at 37°C. 2005 Developm. Biol. 288 285/2 Eggs were sealed with Scotch tape and chimeric embryos were reincubated for an additional 3–6 days. reincubation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌɪŋkjᵿˈbeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌɪnkjᵿˈbeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriˌɪnkjəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌriˌɪŋkjəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1927 Q. Rev. Biol. 2 382/2 If the periphery of a mass of such cells growing in vitro is isolated from the main body by an incision the peripheral cells no longer grow, on reincubation. 1994 Breeding Sci. 44 361 Reincubation of plants at 28°C following the 5°C treatment caused a rapid decrease of RNA levels detected with all the clones. reinfarction n. Brit. /ˌriːɪnˈfɑːkʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriᵻnˈfɑrkʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1948 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 36 841 There was definite evidence of recent reinfarction of the lateral portion of the apex. 1990 Health Shopper Jan. 5/4 Garlic can have an effect on individual risk factors for arteriosclerosis, mortality and reinfarction rate in heart attack patients. reinitialize v. Brit. /ˌriːɪˈnɪʃəlʌɪz/ , /ˌriːɪˈnɪʃl̩ʌɪz/ , U.S. /ˌriᵻˈnɪʃəˌlaɪz/ ΚΠ 1970 SIAM Jrnl. Numerical Anal. 7 164 When the cosine of the angle..turns out to be less than 10^-5, we reinitialize A_i to a diagonal matrix whose (jj) element is minus the absolute value of the ratio of the jth element of σ_i to the jth element of g_i. 1973 C. W. Gear Introd. Computer Sci. vi. 246 It is very easy to make the mistake of transferring back to the start of the loop, forgetting to re-initialize variables when it is required. 2005 Mountain Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 10 Oct. a6/4 Given access to the cards' contents, it became an easy matter to duplicate them..and to reinitialize a voter card so that it could be used to vote multiple times. reinput v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈɪnpʊt/ , U.S. /riˈɪnˌpʊt/ ΚΠ 1964 C. Dent Quantity Surv. by Computer vi. 88 The items are queried and re-input, except for zero items, which will not be required to appear in the bill in any case. 1986 Data Processing 28 144/3 If a field has to be corrected, simply entering the number of the field will cause the system to prompt for the field to be reinput. 2004 Toronto Star (Nexis) 21 Oct. j6 The biggest hurdle..after a merger is to make a system that can access existing and new databases, preventing the need to reinput data. reinsphere v. Brit. /ˌriːɪnˈsfɪə/ , U.S. /ˌriᵻnˈsfɪ(ə)r/ ΚΠ 1872 H. Bushnell Serm. Living Subj. 281 To be unsphered here and reinsphered in a promised life. reintend v. Brit. /ˌriːɪnˈtɛnd/ , U.S. /ˌriᵻnˈtɛnd/ ΚΠ 1826 W. Irving in Life & Lett. (1864) IV. 403 I have, as usual, intended and reintended to write to you. reintensify v. Brit. /ˌriːɪnˈtɛnsᵻfʌɪ/ , U.S. /ˌriᵻnˈtɛnsəˌfaɪ/ ΚΠ 1891 Science May 297/1 A fresh explosion occurred at the Hurdwar fair in India in1867, whence it was carried to Persia and Russia, being re-intensified en route by the pilgrimage at Great Mesched. 1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-offset ix. 133 Reintensify if added contrast is required. 2006 Geelong (Austral.) Advertiser (Nexis) 29 Aug. 15 The decision comes amid fears a tropical storm could reintensify into a hurricane. reintervention n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌɪntəˈvɛnʃn/ , U.S. /riˌɪn(t)ərˈvɛn(t)ʃən/ ΚΠ 1853 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 9) iii. xxxiii. 573 Nothing less than the reintervention of the Deity was thought adequate. re-intuition n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌɪntjʊˈɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌɪntʃʊˈɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌɪnt(j)uˈɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1872 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) II. vii. iv. 356 The Space..in which the re-intuition or imagination of things occurs. reisolate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈʌɪsəleɪt/ , /(ˌ)riːˈɪsəleɪt/ , U.S. /riˈaɪsəˌleɪt/ ΚΠ 1881 H. Linton U.S. Patent 256,228 (1882) 4/1 The pawl will be disengaged from the ratchet of the disk P, thus reisolating it. 1946 Nature 14 Sept. 379/1 Leaf infection of onion seedlings was obtained by ascospore inoculation, and the fungus was re-isolated from the lesions. 1995 L. Garrett Coming Plague (new ed.) xii. 403 He was then able to re-isolate the toxin from the rabbits' infected mucosa. reisolated adj. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈʌɪsəleɪtᵻd/ , /(ˌ)riːˈɪsəleɪtᵻd/ , U.S. /riˈaɪsəˌleɪdᵻd/ ΚΠ 1921 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 8 22 A comparative study of the enzyme from the original as contrasted with the reisolated strains was also made. 1977 J. L. Harper Population Biol. Plants xi. 348 The re-isolated micro-organism and that originally inoculated must be tested for identity. 2005 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 345 731 Southern analysis of the re-isolated plasmid did not show the presence of linear DNA. reisolation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌʌɪsəˈleɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌɪsəˈleɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌaɪsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1896 Amer. Naturalist 30 636 Discovery of germs in the inoculated, disease tissues, re-isolation of the same, and growth on various media. 1949 W. J. Dowson Man. Bact. Plant Dis. iv. 25 The re-isolation of the inoculated bacterium which has reproduced the symptoms of the disease is effected in the same way in which the original isolation was made. 1997 Vet. Microbiol. 57 301 Infection was verified by reisolation of the virus from serum and other tissue samples. rekeyboard v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkiːbɔːd/ , U.S. /riˈkiˌbɔrd/ ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > typing > type [verb (transitive)] > retype retype1893 rekeyboard1967 1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Offset Processes iv. 79 A key is then punched, which makes the carriage move to the left, and the entire line is re-keyboarded. 1999 F. H. Silverman Publishing for Tenure & Beyond vi. 77 If you use word-processing software with outlining capability, you should not have to rekeyboard the content of an outline. relist v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈlɪst/ , U.S. /riˈlɪst/ ΚΠ 1810 T. Johnes tr. E. de Monstrelet Chronicles XI. vii. 57 All who..had been disbanded..should appear before certain commissioners whom he had ordered..to relist them for his service. 1827 Times 1 Jan. 2/2 The jurymen called to supply the places of the absent jurymen shall be relisted by lot in the public sitting. 1963 Times 29 May 7/2 The practice of ‘stop-listing’, ‘delisting’, and then ‘relisting’ areas can be a powerful deterrent to industrialists. 2003 Daily Tel. 19 May 25/8 The telecoms equipment company is relisted after a £4 billion debt forgiveness scheme that saved it from collapse. relubricate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈluːbrᵻkeɪt/ , U.S. /riˈlubrəˌkeɪt/ ΚΠ 1903 N.W. Lord Notes on Metall. Anal. 186 Should such an accident happen, the stopcock must be immediately taken out, washed, and then relubricated with vaseline. 1948 A. W. Turner & E. J. Johnson Machines for Farm, Ranch & Plantation xii. 517 Use pressure-lubrication guns to replace all grease in the bearings. Remove old grease and relubricate. 2001 Family Planning Perspectives 33 186/1 When a sample of women washed, dried and relubricated female condoms up to seven times, the devices continued to meet FDA requirements. re-magnification n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌmaɡnᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌmæɡnəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1882 Knowledge No. 16. 332 He..reduces the image..and then shows it by re-magnification. 1989 Word Ways 22 9/2 Remagnification. remarshal v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈmɑːʃl/ , U.S. /riˈmɑrʃ(ə)l/ ΚΠ 1840 Mirror Lit., Amusem., & Instr. 15 Feb. Suppl. 120/1 The procession began to re-marshal itself for its return. 1878 F. S. Williams Midland Railway (ed. 4) 359 Being re-marshalled as empties for the down traffic. 1970 Times 2 Mar. 9/5 Too little time in which to remarshal their forces. remarshalling n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈmɑːʃl̩ɪŋ/ , /(ˌ)riːˈmɑːʃəlɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈmɑrʃ(ə)lɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1859 R. A. Wilson New Hist. Conquest Mexico 26 A remarshalling of former witnesses. 1922 Times 1 Mar. p. iv/3 The remarshalling of the procession. 1956 Phoenix 10 96 The stubborn remarshalling of resources. re-mirror v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈmɪrə/ , U.S. /riˈmɪrər/ ΚΠ 1845 C. Lindsay Alfred i. iv. 44 With every circumstance remirrored back? 1881 H. Phillips tr. L. C. A. von Chamisso Faust 19 Thy empty sounds..Re-mirror all the shadows of thy brain. 1978 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 39 548 Sincero's unhappy love is mirrored and remirrored. remultiply v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈmʌltᵻplʌɪ/ , U.S. /riˈməltəˌplaɪ/ [compare post-classical Latin remultiplicare (12th cent. in a British source)] ΚΠ 1655 A. Brewer Love-sick King iii. sig. D2 That re-multiplied again, good brother, may help his Halfpenny and his Lambs-skin somewhat. 1743 A. Hill Fanciad ii. 17 Augusta hears: and, thro' her marbly Throats, Winding, re-multiplies the clashing Notes. 1861 J. C. H. Fane & Ld. Lytton Tannhäuser 34 That..Remultiplies the praise of what is good. 1936 Science 84 10a/2 These re-multiply into considerable cell-clumps. 1994 Agric. Hist. 68 22 It is not known to what extent farmers remultiplied the seed they received. renourish v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈnʌrɪʃ/ , U.S. /riˈnərɪʃ/ , /riˈnʊrɪʃ/ ΚΠ 1635 J. Vicars tr. R. Brathwait Last Trumpet iv. 77 I therefore purpose a new course to take..Whereby, my soule I may with grace renourish. 1863 E. Bulwer-Lytton Caxtoniana I. 160 In proportion as he is always renourishing his genius. 1999 Americas 56 297 Humans must bury their dead to re-nourish the earth. reorchestrate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈɔːkᵻstreɪt/ , /(ˌ)riːˈɔːkɛstreɪt/ , U.S. /riˈɔrkəˌstreɪt/ ΚΠ 1881 Athenæum 18 June 824/3 A considerable portion of the work was re-orchestrated. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 13 May 4/3 The ‘Marseillaise’ has just been reorchestrated by order of the Minister of War. 1996 Films in Rev. Mar. 12/1 The music accompanying the battle with the giant spider might be slowed down and re-orchestrated, even re-composed many times, but the stylistic core was the same. reorchestration n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌɔːkᵻˈstreɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌɔːkɛˈstreɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌɔrkəˈstreɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1904 Musical Times 45 329/1 The question you raise, though not new, is an interesting one—the re-orchestration, here and there, of the classics in music. 1940 L. MacNeice Poems 251 Smuggling over the frontier Of fact a sense of value, Metabolism of death, Re-orchestration of world. 1992 Byte Dec. 190/3 You can drag down a column of entries and change them all at once—a real time-saver for the wholesale changes involved in a reorchestration session. re-originate v. Brit. /ˌriːəˈrɪdʒᵻneɪt/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈrɪdʒəˌneɪt/ ΚΠ 1795 Artist's Repository & Drawing Mag. 5 i. 100 After which the Arts once more re-originated. 1848 J. D. Hooker Let. 13 Oct. in C. Darwin Corr. (1988) IV. 176 In short we cannot reoriginate the domestic breed. 1918 Amer. Anthropologist 20 443 Some of them might have been re-originated at several different times and places. 1990 Chron. Higher Educ. 19 Dec. b60/1 They frequently condense, rewrite, or otherwise, ‘reoriginate’ the story. re-origination n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːəˌrɪdʒᵻˈneɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriəˌrɪdʒəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1837 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 409/2 To undertake the re-origination of society. 1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 163 I occasionally observed that he was thinking for himself and expressing his own opinion, a phenomenon so rare that I would any day walk ten miles to observe it, and it amounted to the re-origination of many of the institutions of society. 1990 Times (Nexis) 7 Nov. This made possible a fairly complete re-origination of the books from the artist's water-colours and,..the opportunity to bring back the series as crisp and fresh as Aquilegia vulgaris. reoriginator v. Brit. /ˌriːəˈrɪdʒᵻneɪtə/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈrɪdʒəˌneɪdər/ ΚΠ 1832 J. S. Mill Let. 22 Oct. in Wks. (1963) XII. 128 They were the reoriginators of any belief among us. 1964 Harvard Stud. in Classical Philol. 68 152 Caesar was..the originator, if only the re-originator, of the state, as had been Romulus, the first and the only deified king of Rome. repattern v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpatn/ , U.S. /riˈpædərn/ ΚΠ 1923 Davenport (Iowa) Democrat & Leader 10 Aug. 15/2 It has since been repatterned and redesigned to put in palaces with damasks and satins. 1935 L. MacNeice Poems 32 The basic facts repatterned without pause. 2003 Fiddlehead Spring 119 It does seem tagged-on, but its importance in underlining the suggestion that history re-patterns (rather than repeats) itself is enough to warrant its inclusion. repatterning n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpatn̩ɪŋ/ , /(ˌ)riːˈpatənɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈpædərnɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1928 J. F. Dashiell Fund. of Objective Psychol. vi. 152 A human being's conduct is not merely a lot of isolated muscle jerks and gland flows acting in response to any incidental and accidental stimulations, but is a story of patterning and repatterning of the S → R connections. 1952 C. P. Blacker Eugenics: Galton & After x. 246 The gene-complex has a holistic or integrative action of its own, a capacity to undergo changes, to adjust itself to a re~patterning of its constituent elements. 1996 Kindred Spirit Summer 93/2 (advt.) This is the comprehensive guide to Pleiadian lightworking. Covering everything from ‘owning your spinal pathway’ to ‘etheric hands-on dolphin brain repatterning’, Quan Yin..leaves the reader fully informed on every aspect of this up-and-coming new age system. repeg v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpɛɡ/ , U.S. /riˈpɛɡ/ ΚΠ 1895 Times 2 Oct. 10/5 (advt.) Claims held under this Licence can at any time be abandoned and re-pegged on an ordinary licence, thus freeing the special grant. 1954 J. Corbett Temple Tiger 160 The following morning while my men were having their food I attended to the skins, re-pegging them on fresh ground and rubbing wood ashes and powdered alum on the damp parts. 1972 Guardian 28 Oct. 24 It is open to Mr Barber..to repeg the pound at an exchange rate far above the level to which it has now fallen. 2002 U.S. News & World Rep. 14 Jan. 39/2 So what should Argentina do now? Muddle through, advises Mussa. For the moment, repeg the devalued peso to a more forgiving basket of currencies. repegging n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpɛɡɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈpɛɡɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1855 Agitator (Wellsboro, Pa.) 17 May 2/3 We have charged to you the repegging of one pair of boots, one set of brass vest buttons, and three broken ribs. 1938 Sun (Baltimore) 12 July 14/5 Accompanied by rumors..of a possible ‘repegging’ at its old ratio of between $4.86 and $4.87, the British pound sterling declined today..to its lowest point in more than a year. 1962 Gloss. Terms Glass Ind. (B.S.I.) 25 Repegging, hammering-in of pegs round the periphery of big disk grinders, or along the sides of continuous grinders to prevent the glass from slipping off the table during grinding. 2005 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) (Nexis) 7 Nov. 4 It..was widely regarded as a precursor to the re-pegging of the yuan to a basket of currencies in July. rephosphorylate v. Brit. /ˌriːfɒsˈfɒrᵻleɪt/ , U.S. /ˌrifɑsˈfɔrəˌleɪt/ ΚΠ 1949 Biol. Bull. 96 166 The ATP concentration did not fall at all during the first hour after death. This can be explained by the presence of creatine-phosphate which rephosphorylates the ADP formed. 2006 Clin. Nutrition 25 597/2 Creatine is crucial in energy metabolism as it donates its high-energy phosphate in order to rephosphorylate ADP to ATP. rephosphorylation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌfɒsfɒrᵻˈleɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌfɑsˌfɔrəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1939 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 129 789 The hydrolysis of adenosinetriphosphate is balanced by its synthesis; that is a rephosphorylation of adenylic acid. 1991 EMBO Jrnl. 9 2873/1 (caption) Destruction of cyclin turns off the activation reaction, which allows the rephosphorylation and inactivation of cdc2 kinase. re-photograph v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/ , /(ˌ)riːˈfəʊtəɡraf/ , U.S. /riˈfoʊdəˌɡræf/ ΚΠ 1859 Photogr. Jrnl. 22 Sept. 193/1 Who..may get the photograph rephotographed by the negative process, and so have the power of indefinitely multiplying it. 1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 400 Re-photographing this positive and ruled screen together. 1992 New Yorker 13 July 11/2 He took on such volatile issues as originality (he rephotographed magazine advertisements for luxury goods) and sex and celebrity (he appropriated a composite soft-core photograph of a prepubescent Brooke Shields). repile v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpʌɪl/ , U.S. /riˈpaɪl/ ΚΠ 1800 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Sept. (1801) 258 The common pile..soon loses its power; it is besides very troublesome to be constantly repiling it. 1877 Nature 27 Sept. 468/2 In repiling and reheating this iron several times this defective appearance is gradually removed. 1947 Penguin New Writing 30 104 The lame boy stayed behind and helped me re-pile the tins. 1990 Amer. Antiq. 55 407 These bags were carried to trucks, piled on one another, driven over sometimes rough roads, and unloaded and repiled before being screened. repitch v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpɪtʃ/ , U.S. /riˈpɪtʃ/ ΚΠ 1753 ‘G. Psalmanazar’ Ess. v. 331 At which time they observed the same Order and Method for re-pitching their Tents. 1834 A. Smith Diary 29 Aug. (1939) I. 70 The tents which had been pitched the day before were all blown down, and, though they were re-pitched, some experienced a second time a like Fate. 1884 St. Nicholas 11 379 They begin at once to repitch their tent. 1995 Daily Tel. 12 Jan. 18/3 Unusually for what was then a government-funded business, we were not asked to repitch along with a short list of other agencies. repocket-book v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpɒkɪtbʊk/ , U.S. /riˈpɑkətˌbʊk/ ΚΠ 1823 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. 112 The..monopolist slowly and blankly repocket-booked his authorities. repostpone v. Brit. /ˌriːpəˈspəʊn/ , /ˌriːpəʊs(t)ˈpəʊn/ , U.S. /ˌripoʊs(t)ˈpoʊn/ , /ˌripəˈspoʊn/ ΚΠ 1858 Berkshire County Eagle (Pittsfield, Mass.) 14 May Wet weather postponed and re-postponed the May walk of the young folks until they got out of patience and..went in for an indoor good time at Millard's Hall. 1956 D. Gascoyne Night Thoughts 37 To swell the roar that rises with each climax repostponed. 2001 Toronto Star (Nexis) 18 Oct. a35 In order to air the simulcast, CTV has had to re-postpone its movie Torso. re-pound v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpaʊnd/ , U.S. /riˈpaʊnd/ ΚΠ 1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. sig. Vu2/3 Repiler, to repound, or beat again in a Mortar. 1882 E. A. Floyer Unexplored Baluchistan 83 The wheat thus pounded was re-pounded and sifted. 1923 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 104 607 The cylinder was then opened, the fluoride re-pounded and more fluoride added to make up for the shrinkage. 2001 Music Educators Jrnl. 88 34 Pounding out notes and re-pounding out notes. re-prepare v. Brit. /ˌriːprᵻˈpɛː/ , U.S. /ˌripriˈpɛ(ə)r/ , /ˌriprəˈpɛ(ə)r/ ΚΠ 1647 Proposalls Earl of Nottingham 4 In preventing of dangers repreparing towards a new warre. 1828 Lights & Shades Eng. Life II. 87 I heard a shot..and saw a fellow with his gun reprepared. 1859 R. B. Stratton Captivity of Oatman Girls (ed. 3) 9 This omitted matter might have been re-prepared and put into this edition, but the last books were sold. 1995 Atlantic Monthly Dec. 73/2 The time it will take to re-prepare teachers is itself an obstacle. repropagate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈprɒpəɡeɪt/ , U.S. /riˈprɑpəˌɡeɪt/ ΚΠ 1733 T. Stackhouse New Hist. Holy Bible iii. i. 248/1 Their Father was the only Man left, from whose Body Mankind was to be repropagated. 1813 T. Busby in tr. Lucretius Nature of Things II. iv. Comm. xxviii Before the sound can be re-propagated from that point. 1984 Silvae Genetica 33 215 Stock plants were propagated and repropagated by cuttings. repropagation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌprɑpəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1654 J. Ellistone & J. Sparrow tr. J. Böhme Mysterium Magnum iii. lxxvi. 579 The first power of the first seede to a re-propagation [Ger. wiederfortpflanzung]. 1859 F. L. Olmsted Walks & Talks of Amer. Farmer in Eng. (new ed.) xxxv. 230 From constant repropagation from trees that have in a greater or lesser degree so suffered. 1996 Science 26 July 449/2 This binding selection and repropagation of phage was repeated many times to enrich for tighter binders. reproportion v. Brit. /ˌriːprəˈpɔːʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriprəˈpɔrʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌripərˈpɔrʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ a1878 G. G. Scott Recoll. (1879) iii. 172 Re-proportioning it with reference to its earlier form. 1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes iv. 125 Modification is possible to condense, expand,..reproportion height and width. 1986 G. Keillor Lake Wobegon Days 91 The legislature simply reproportioned the state by eliminating the overlap in the middle. reproportioning n. Brit. /ˌriːprəˈpɔːʃn̩ɪŋ/ , /ˌriːprəˈpɔːʃ(ə)nɪŋ/ , U.S. /ˌriprəˈpɔrʃ(ə)nɪŋ/ , /ˌripərˈpɔrʃ(ə)nɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1855 National Rev. Oct. 460 A mere re-moulding or re-proportioning of inward faiths. 1969 P. L. Berger Rumor of Angels v. 121 The openness and the reproportioning this attitude entails have a moral significance, even a political significance, of no mean degree. 1990 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 1 Apr. (Review Suppl.) 36 Tailoring and short skirts..need not go by the board. All they need is a slight re-proportioning and lashings of bright colour, and the temptation to buy is stronger than ever. repropose v. Brit. /ˌriːprəˈpəʊz/ , U.S. /ˌriprəˈpoʊz/ ΚΠ 1650 J. Dury Just Re-proposals 12 The thing then which we re-propose to our Brethren is this. 1757 W. Blackstone To Rev. Dr. Randolph 30 Instead of reproposing the former question, he proceeded as if it had been agreed to. 1857 J. Toulmin Smith Parish (new ed.) 136 Its adoption cannot be re~proposed under a year's time. 1994 W. Farrell Myth Male Power (rev. ed.) xii. 187 He felt so guilty being sexually unfaithful that he thanked his wife! He then reproposed to her. She verbally assaulted him, then accepted. repuddling n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpʌdl̩ɪŋ/ , /(ˌ)riːˈpʌdlɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈpəd(ə)lɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 194/2 At noon the repuddling was completed. 1882 Hagerstown (Maryland) Odd Fellow 26 Nov. 3/1 The work of re-puddling the bottom of the reservoir of the Water Works..will be continued during this week. 1987 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 21 May I'm not sure the re-puddling will go on forever... It may take one year or several. repuff v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpʌf/ , U.S. /riˈpəf/ ΚΠ 1804 Lit. Jrnl. June 602 Andrew Cowan..the person whose former works are to be abridged and re-puffed. 1859 S. Lover Rival Rhymes 72 In vain did the gudeman strive to repuff the light in the wick up. re-punch v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpʌn(t)ʃ/ , U.S. /riˈpən(t)ʃ/ ΚΠ 1852 F. B. Head Faggot of French Sticks II. 179 The uncomfortable operations of being re-melted, re-cast into bars, re-rolled to the proper thickness, re-punched by one of the steam-engines. 1883 Morning Rev. (Decatur, Illinois) 27 Jan. The wound was too large to be made by a single thrust of the embalming probe but by punching and repunching, could have been made. 1963 Rep. Comm. Inq. Decimal Currency xiv. 138 Ancillary machine costs:..re-punching card and tape records. 1992 Woman 7 Dec. 56/4 The only way would be to have the hole re-punched or cut out and the wound stitched so that the skin can knit together again. repunctuation n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌpʌŋ(k)tʃʊˈeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌpʌŋ(k)tjʊˈeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌpəŋ(k)(t)ʃuˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1885 G. E. B. Saintsbury Specimens Eng. Prose Style p. xx Clarendon gets himself into involutions..which cannot be solved by any kind effort of repunctuation. 1966 Mod. Lang. Q. Sept. 256 I was, I believe, responsible for most of the detailed examination of poems in A Survey of Modernist Poetry—for example showing the complex implications of Sonnet 129 before its eighteenth-century repunctuations. 1998 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Apr. 47/1 This might explain away some difficulty, either by a maneuver of the sort performed on Amos 5:2—by repunctuation or exploitation of the semantic structure of Hebrew words—or..by means of typology..or allegory. requestion v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n/ , /(ˌ)riːˈkwɛstjən/ , U.S. /riˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n/ , /riˈkwɛʃtʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1804 ‘E. de Acton’ Tale without Title III. 87 ‘Then you think..that Mr. Conyers is to be married to-morrow!’ requestioned Mrs. Lambert. 1977 Transatlantic Rev. No. 60. 69 She requestioned him on the subject of her husband. re-rack v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈrak/ , U.S. /riˈræk/ ΚΠ 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad viii. 298 To tongue mute misery, and re-rack the soul With crimes. re-rat v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈrat/ , U.S. /riˈræt/ ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [verb (intransitive)] > desert one's party > for a second time re-rat1815 1815 C. Lemon Let. 18 Apr. in M. Frampton Jrnl. (1885) 246 If [Talleyrand] has refused to re-rat. 1975 D. W. S. Hunt On Spot iv. 54 As I heard him say over the lunch table once, ‘to rat is difficult; to re-rat..’ and he broke off as though to show that to find a description of a second change of party was beyond even his eloquence. 1995 Daily Tel. 9 Oct. 4/6 Other famous political defectors include Winston Churchill, who went from Conservative to Liberal in 1904 and then ‘re-ratted’ to go back into the Tory fold. re-reaction n. Brit. /ˌriːrɪˈakʃn/ , U.S. /ˌririˈækʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1860 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 25 58 This reaction and subsequent re-reaction well illustrate the recent history of English thought in general. 1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. (1877) xii. 303 In others the reaction is in course of time followed by a re-reaction... This re-reaction may be feeble or may be strong. 1979 Science 30 Nov. 1033/3 Which pyrolyisis products are initial reaction products, and which are re-reaction products? re-rebel v. Brit. /ˌriːrᵻˈbɛl/ , U.S. /ˌrirəˈbɛl/ ΚΠ 1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel iii. 136 Its provinces rebelled, and re-rebelled. rerecant v. Brit. /ˌriːrᵻˈkant/ , U.S. /ˌrirəˈkænt/ , /ˌririˈkænt/ ΚΠ 1692 J. Wilson Let. 10 June in Ludlow no Lyar p. xii I have heard of Re-ordaining, Recanting, and Re-recanting. 1710 E. Ward Nuptial Dialogues & Deb. II. x. 185 The Priest, to serve the Times..Will cant, recant, and re-recant again, For rev'rend Lawn, or to be made a Dean. 1835 W. Cobbett Legacy Parsons i. 40 When we see them afterwards re-recant and re-apostatize. 1963 Amer. Hist. Rev. 68 428 He [sc. Thomas Cranmer] weaseled, recanted, rerecanted, and ultimately..died the martyr. re-recognize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈrɛkəɡnʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪz/ ΚΠ 1849 Eclectic Rev. Oct. 513 The infamous partitions of Poland..were re-recognised and confirmed. 1923 Sci. Monthly May 555/1 We are beginning to recognize, perhaps I should say re-recognize, that it may cure diseases too. 1996 S. Deane Reading in Dark (1997) iv. 168 But when I imagined him so, then I would see myself again in a dither of light and dark, see my father again, see Eddie, re-recognise my mother, see them blur and fade, know that I too was blurred, was astray for not knowing how to choose. re-recognized v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈrɛkəɡnʌɪzd/ , U.S. /riˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪzd/ ΚΠ 1882 H. S. Holland Logic & Life viii. 129 In token of his re-recognised allegiance. 1971 E. D. Smigel Handbk. Stud. Social Prob. p. xii A rerecognized problem is one which has been dormant but which has gained new public awareness. re-regenerated adj. Brit. /ˌriːrᵻˈdʒɛnəreɪtᵻd/ , /ˌriːriːˈdʒɛnəreɪtᵻd/ , U.S. /ˌrirəˈdʒɛnəˌreɪdᵻd/ , /ˌririˈdʒɛnəˌreɪdᵻd/ ΚΠ 1810 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 3 451 No expression of regret escapes the re-regenerated sinner. 1972 Biol. Bull. 143 229 (graph) Limb buds. Not regenerated. Reregenerated. reremember v. Brit. /ˌriːrᵻˈmɛmbə/ , U.S. /ˌrirəˈmɛmbər/ , /ˌririˈmɛmbər/ ΚΠ 1854 S. J. Ram Dale End 4 The words of the sacred poet were reremembered. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 639 With greater difficulty remembered, forgot with ease, with misgiving reremembered. 2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 7 Nov. 60/4 We don't simply forget; we re-remember. re-remembrance n. Brit. /ˌriːrᵻˈmɛmbr(ə)ns/ , U.S. /ˌrirəˈmɛmbrəns/ , /ˌririˈmɛmbrəns/ ΚΠ 1923 D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers (London ed.) 24 For we are on the brink of re-remembrance. 1993 Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo) (Nexis) 19 Dec. 7 How small things acquire totemic power—one..tree somehow as scary as worst imagination can make it. But ‘Paddy Clarke’ forces a re-remembrance. re-repent v. Brit. /ˌriːrᵻˈpɛnt/ , U.S. /ˌrirəˈpɛnt/ , /ˌririˈpɛnt/ ΚΠ 1861 Wheat & Tares 284 He would repent and re-repent, and die the same. re-revenge n. Brit. /ˌriːrᵻˈvɛn(d)ʒ/ , U.S. /ˌrirəˈvɛndʒ/ , /ˌririˈvɛndʒ/ ΚΠ 1891 H. Spencer Justice 47 Such acts of revenge and re-revenge. re-reversal n. Brit. /ˌriːrᵻˈvəːsl/ , U.S. /ˌrirəˈvərs(ə)l/ , /ˌririˈvərs(ə)l/ ΚΠ 1874 Philos. Trans. 1873 (Royal Soc.) 163 265 The re-reversal into brightness in the chromosphere of the line 1474K is not due to iron vapour. 1951 Amer. Econ. Rev. 41 627 An early re-reversal of policy was necessary. 2001 Columbia Law Rev. 101 1791 But in a confirmation and re-reversal, our narrator reports that he had been urged to give his speech to a yet more experienced lawyer-rhetorician. reriddle v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈrɪdl/ , U.S. /riˈrɪd(ə)l/ ΚΠ 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. vii. [Aeolus] 129 But my riddle! he said. What opera is like a railway line?—Opera? Mr O'Madden Burke's sphinx face reriddled. 2001 Record (Kitchener-Waterloo, Ont.) (Nexis) 23 Nov. a19 A follower of Joyce's fullbellied reriddling style. re-root v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈruːt/ , U.S. /riˈrut/ ΚΠ 1816 A. Rees Cycl. (1819) XXXIV. at Swietenia Replunging them in the hot-bed, giving them shade till re-rooted. 1875 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera V. l. 29 Needlessly re-rooting myself in the old [ground]. 1991 G. Burn Alma Cogan (1992) vi. 103 People in their declining years (Cleve is full of them) move away from the areas they have known all their lives and re-root themselves somewhere where the past is less likely to rear up and go boo! re-scan v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈskan/ , U.S. /riˈskæn/ ΚΠ 1819 J. G. Lockhart Peter's Lett. to Kinsfolk III. Postscript 372 Their minutest peculiarities..scanned and re-scanned by all that please to do so. 1897 ‘P. Warung’ Tales Old Regime 148 The Comptroller re-scans the parchment and the application-form. 1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 4 From the windows of my creekside study, where I draw out sentences like these, I re-scan Potamock with the big binocs. rescrutinize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈskruːtᵻnʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːˈskruːtn̩ʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈskrutnˌaɪz/ ΚΠ 1838 Knickerbocker 12 12 They turned to me to re-scrutinize what she had deposed. 1911 Math. Gaz. 6 4 The old plates were re-scrutinised; no clue to the mystery was forthcoming, and the little satellite seemed only to have been found to be lost again. 2003 S. Vincent Dressing Elite i. 29 Bearing this in mind we must therefore return to our simple story of elite fashion and rescrutinize its changing forms. re-scrutiny n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈskruːtᵻni/ , /(ˌ)riːˈskruːtn̩i/ , U.S. /riˈskrutn̩i/ ΚΠ 1915 Proc. Acad. Polit. Sci. in City of New York 5 8 As a result of all that work and re-scrutiny these appropriations when made..represented a net reduction of $2,000,000 under the actual appropriations for the year previous. 1963 Punch 6 Feb. 182/3 The whole business..deserved re-scrutiny. 2004 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 16 July 36 Two years later, rescrutiny of the hurdles photo showed him to have run one hundredth faster than he had been given, which meant he had equalled the world record in winning the title. re-sensation n. Brit. /ˌriːs(ɛ)nˈseɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌrisɛnˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌrisənˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1811 Ann. Reg. 1809 (Otridge ed.) Characters 734/1 An incessant succession of conscious sensations of re-sensations. resentence v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsɛnt(ə)ns/ , U.S. /riˈsɛntns/ , /riˈsɛn(t)əns/ ΚΠ 1839 Monthly Rev. Feb. 221 Whether they have been re-sentenced since their first arrival, for colonial offences. 1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations lvi, in All Year Round 20 July 388/2 Who..had made his escape and been re-sentenced to exile for life. 1977 Rolling Stone 24 Mar. 17/1 Rubin Carter and codefendant John Artis were resentenced February 9th to three life terms for a triple murder committed in..1966. resepulchre v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsɛpl̩kə/ , U.S. /riˈsɛpəlkər/ ΚΠ 1826 tr. A. Verri Rom. Nights II. ii. v. vii. 101 Replace these spoils, and piously re-sepulchre them. 1884 Harper's Mag. Aug. 431/1 Henry has..resepulchred the Confessor's bones. re-sex v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsɛks/ , U.S. /riˈsɛks/ ΚΠ a1849 T. L. Beddoes Poems (1851) I. 95 Though I cannot creep up to my mother, Or flow back to my father's veins again,—Resex or uncreate me; thus much can I. 1955 W. H. Auden Shield of Achilles ii. 45 Re-sex the pronouns, add a few details. 1990 Independent (Nexis) 5 May 19 Certainly God is not spared. He is attacked for being male, or is generously re-sexed as female. re-sexing n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsɛksɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈsɛksɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1869 H. Bushnell Women's Suffrage v. 89 The re-sexing of their sex, they knew to be impossible. 1934 Zanesville (Ohio) Signal 10 July 1/6 (heading) Re-sexing suggested for doomed brothers... To change the boys into girls..because certain male offspring of the family strain are affected with the malady while the female children escape from the ravages, was suggested. 2006 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 31 Mar. 31 Nor did Rupert Bear wear trainers,..and Winnie the Pooh have a girl for a best friend. But they do now... The re-sexing of Christopher Robin is ‘one of the silliest things I've ever heard’. reshade v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈʃeɪd/ , U.S. /riˈʃeɪd/ ΚΠ 1829 Visits to ‘Relig. World’ xvi. 243 It was shaded and reshaded in a most laborious manner. 1951 L. MacNeice tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust i. 14 The little god of the world, one can't reshape, reshade him. 2003 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 21 Oct. b1 Since it was introduced, the map has disappeared from the..Web site, once to revise data and another time to reshade the map in lavender and green to make it less controversial. re-shake v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈʃeɪk/ , U.S. /riˈʃeɪk/ ΚΠ 1664 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Wks. xiii. 73 In the huge space of the quiet air it self, is the Gas of the water, which by the most exact rarefying of subdivision, is many times re-shaken & sub-divided by the colds through which it hath passed. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. ii. 7 He re-shakes hands with Twemlow. reshow v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈʃəʊ/ , U.S. /riˈʃoʊ/ ΚΠ 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. ii. 74 Now Earth to Heau'n, Heau'n vnto Earth re-show'd. 1867 Edinb. Evening Courant 5 Jan. 6/6 He has shown and reshown all his sketches; nay, even copied some of them into our albums. 1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 21 May 620/5 Pabst's maligned film, which is still frequently reshown. 1996 Independent 19 Mar. 3/3 The Bill Grundy interview of 1 December 1976..was being reshown. reshower v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈʃaʊə/ , U.S. /riˈʃaʊ(ə)r/ ΚΠ 1650 A. Warren Royalist Reform'd 42 Upon their owne stock of exhalations, reshowred downe, they for a time survived their fountaine. a1849 J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 128 When spring reshowers her beams on the plains. reshowing n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈʃəʊɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈʃoʊɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1917 Mansfield (Ohio) News 24 Feb. 9/7 There were so many demands for a reshowing of the first episode that was shown last Sunday and Monday that the management secured a rebooking. 1976 K. Benton Single Monstrous Act iii. 17 Let's go and see that film at the local. It's a re-showing of The Godfather. 2001 Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 6 Dec. e1 Beloved films are better left to endless reshowings on cable or video. respot v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈspɒt/ , U.S. /riˈspɑt/ ΚΠ 1849 E. R. Mardon Billiards (ed. 2) Pl. 60 When the red ball has been holed and re-spotted. 1978 H. Wouk War & Remembrance xxx. 303 Half the Type-97s were already respotted on the flight decks with bombs. 1993 G. F. Newman Law & Order (rev. ed.) 128 Harding reached the blue ball out of the pocket and respotted it. re-sprout v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈspraʊt/ , U.S. /riˈspraʊt/ ΚΠ 1816 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 12 219 After which it is less liable to re-sprout. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 680 The superincumbent hairs falling off and never resprouting. 1995 Farmers Weekly 31 Mar. 67/1 Many of the long apical sprouts produced in store have now died back. Such seed should be re-sprouted before planting to cut the risk of Fusarium attack, advises potato specialist Paul Dover. re-squeak v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈskwiːk/ , U.S. /riˈskwik/ ΚΠ a1849 E. A. Poe Man that was Used-up in Wks. (1864) IV. 323 Presently re-squeaked the nondescript. restack v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈstak/ , U.S. /riˈstæk/ ΚΠ 1807 Lincoln, Rutland, & Stamford Mercury 7 Aug. 3/1 Hay, consisting of 20 loads,..being put together too green, heated and took fire; but..it was removed into an adjoining close and re-stacked, with the loss of about three loads of hay only. 1841 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 4 341/2 Scintling (removing and restacking the bricks in the hacks). 1892 Daily News 26 Feb. 5/7 A patch of brickwork, six feet by three feet, had been taken out of the chimney to be re-stacked. 1962 Mech. Handling 49 90/1 Containers from E 3 are removed, only two at a time, are taken through gap F, around stack G, around obstacles D, through rubber doorways at C and re-stacked at E 4. 2007 W. Bidlingmaier & J. Müsken in L. F. Diaz et al. Compost Sci. & Technol. xi. 266 The compressed material..is not re-stacked and is not forced aerated. restage v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsteɪdʒ/ , U.S. /riˈsteɪdʒ/ ΚΠ 1893 Evening Democrat (Warren, Pa.) 1 Sept. It has been handsomely re-staged with all new scenery, expressly and appropriately painted for it, together with new mechanical effects. 1923 Daily Mail 30 May 7 The combat will be restaged at the forthcoming pageant. 1992 I. Banks Crow Road xiv. 330 I was still celebrating having finally worn down dad's resistance to having a computer in the house, and was therefore far too busy kicking pixel and re-staging the attack of the Imperial AT-ATs on the rebel snow trenches. restratification n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌstratᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌstrædəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci. Chem. 490 The copper leaves, by further restratification, may be entirely converted into sub-carbonate. 1931 Geografiska Annaler 13 50 The restratification of the masses of air has brought about conditions unfavourable to fog. 1991 European Sociol. Rev. 7 207/2 Family background continued to influence educational choices, although maybe through alternative channels,..as a restratification process took place. restrip v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈstrɪp/ , U.S. /riˈstrɪp/ ΚΠ 1860 R. F. Burton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1859 29 112 The fields had been stripped and restripped by every passing caravan. 1997 Washington Times (Nexis) 17 June c3 The caterpillars eat voraciously of the foliage on broadleaf and evergreen trees. They can strip a tree and will re-strip it if the foliage returns. restroke v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈstrəʊk/ , U.S. /riˈstroʊk/ ΚΠ 1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton King Arthur ii. lxxxv He spreads it out..Strokes and restrokes it. 1997 K. Bradway & B. Mccoard Sandplay i. ii. 6 He..proceeded to pat the sand down hard, adding water occasionally, and stroking and re-stroking the sand into a smooth, and smoother, hard surface. resubmerge v. Brit. /ˌriːsəbˈməːdʒ/ , U.S. /ˌrisəbˈmərdʒ/ ΚΠ 1857 L. Harper Preliminary Rep. Geol. & Agric. Surv. Mississippi 30 It is not impossible that other parts may have been elevated and re-submerged, but improbable. 1895 G. MacDonald Lilith xlii. 311 Rushing..to resubmerge the orchard valley. 1991 D. McBain Art Roebuck 64 He watched a Lay-Z-Boy recliner rise to the surface and resubmerge, followed by a coffee table, a popcorn maker and a velvet painting of Elvis Presley. re-substitution n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌsʌbstᵻˈtjuːʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌsʌbstᵻˈtʃuːʃn/ , U.S. /riˌsəbstəˈt(j)uʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1818 J. Bentham Church-of-Englandism 236 The accession of Elizabeth, and the re-substitution of the Protestant system. 1986 Guardian (Nexis) 23 Apr. That leaves further limitations on supply in the form of well closures and further increases in demand through the re-substitution of oil for coal, gas and so on. resuture n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsuːtʃə/ , U.S. /riˈsutʃər/ ΚΠ 1888 Lancet 17 Nov. 957/1 It is therefore unnecessary..to trouble about resuture of the ligamentum patella. 1992 Neurosurgery 31 73 Immediate repair of the facial nerve by resuture..is highly desirable. resuture v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsuːtʃə/ , U.S. /riˈsutʃər/ ΚΠ 1887 Lancet 19 Feb. 364/1 It was therefore pared to fit, and re-sutured to the face. 1967 Brain 90 181 The wound became infected and had to be resutured. 1997 L. Bruce & T. M. D. Finlay Nursing in Gastroenterol. ix. 244 Experienced gastroenterology nurses will note the security of the feeding line when redressing the site and ensure the line is resutured if necessary. resuturing n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsuːtʃərɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈsutʃərɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1884 Practitioner 33 289 (heading) Resuturing of granulating wounds. 1999 R. L. Lindstrom et al. in H. K. Wu et al. Refractive Surg. ix. 150/1 Wound revision with resuturing restores the spherical equivalent of the eye. resweep v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈswiːp/ , U.S. /riˈswip/ ΚΠ 1852 W. A. Drew Glimpses & Gatherings xliii. 403 Wave after wave swept and re-swept the deck. 1888 A. S. Wilson Lyric of Hopeless Love 171 My fancy's wings Resweep Hellenic plains. 1994 Washingtonian (Nexis) Aug. They spent the day cleaning windows, sweeping and re-sweeping floors, making curtains. resyllabification n. Brit. /ˌriːsᵻlabᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌrisəˌlæbəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1862 Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 24 One kind of Anagram noticed by Mr. Wheatley..is that which arises not from the rearrangement or transposition of letters, but only from their redivision or resyllabification. 1989 Amer. Speech 64 19 According to Vaughn-Cooke, this process of resyllabification provides clear evidence of convergence. resynthesis n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsɪnθᵻsɪs/ , U.S. /riˈsɪnθəsəs/ ΚΠ 1896 H. Holman Education vii. 349 Though our idea of water has remained throughout as a mental unit, it has been filled in with detail, and has become a complex unity, through further analysis and re-synthesis. 1927 J. B. S. Haldane & J. S. Huxley Animal Biol. v. 120 An amount of energy..is wasted as heat during the re-synthesis of the lactic and phosphoric acids. 1991 Lancet 9 Mar. 585/1 Resynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was delayed because the nucleotide precursors were washed out during the reperfusion period. resynthesize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsɪnθᵻsʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈsɪnθəˌsaɪz/ ΚΠ 1903 Proc. Royal Soc. 72 150 At this stage of absorption practically all of the fatty constituents formed in the intestine during digestion have been re-synthesized into neutral fat. 1964 G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. v. 137 All cells require new proteins during growth and division, and are subsequently constantly resynthesizing their enzymes and other proteins. 2006 Surgery 24 354/2 ATP must be continuously resynthesized and the most efficient pathway requires oxygen. retailor v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈteɪlə/ , U.S. /riˈteɪlər/ ΚΠ 1837 Bangor (Maine) Daily Whig & Courier 16 Aug. 4/3 (advt.) The Tailors Retailored. 1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 160/2 If he finds nothing that he can sympathize with in the ‘Tailor re-tailored’ [i.e. Carlyle's Sartor Resartus]. 1928 Daily Express 9 Aug. 14/1 (advt.) O'coats turned and retailored. 1993 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 22 Aug. 6/3 That ruin withstands revision more firmly than all the shopworn Camelot nostalgia and assassination hypotheses that will inevitably be retailored across the next century of infotainment seasons. retarget v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈtɑːɡɪt/ , U.S. /riˈtɑrɡət/ ΚΠ 1934 Fresno (Calif.) Bee Republican 26 Oct. They will re-cloth and retarget the range and construct shade at the firing point. 1992 Newsweek 31 Aug. 49/1 The navy has retargeted some of its Tomahawk cruise missiles to hit weapons facilities in Iraq. re-thrash v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈθraʃ/ , U.S. /riˈθræʃ/ ΚΠ 1832 N. M‘Alpine Pronouncing Gaelic Dict. at Athbhuail Re-strike, strike again, re-thrash. 1858 Sci. Amer. 3 Apr. 235/1 I claim the arrangement of the screw elevator..for the purpose of returning the tailing to be re-thrashed. 1894 S. Baring-Gould Kitty Alone III. 95 The pros and cons were thrashed and re-thrashed. 1997 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 18 July a3 It's our conviction that is time for action on this issue, and not just rethrashing the old straw. re-thrust v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈθrʌst/ , U.S. /riˈθrəst/ ΚΠ 1851 C. L. Smith tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered xix. xxvi Then thrust his sword and re-thrust. 1997 Wisconsin State Jrnl. (Nexis) 30 May c3 He could not say whether the added heart wounds were caused by the knife being re-thrust. retighten v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈtʌɪtn/ , U.S. /riˈtaɪtn/ ΚΠ 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 204 With a fullness of soft springy flesh, that..soon recovers itself so as to retighten that strict compression of its mantlings and folds which form the sides of the passage. 1887 T. Hardy Woodlanders III. i. 12 He told Upjohn to re-tighten the girths. 1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) ix. 414/1 Smear the olive with silicone sealant and retighten the cap-nut. Do not overtighten, or you may damage the olive. re-tightening n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈtʌɪtn̩ɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈtaɪtn̩ɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1844 S. Ashwell Pract. Treat. Dis. Women ii. v. 488 A very gradual re-tightening will avail for the perfect strangulation and subsequent destruction of the polypus. 1893 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Jan. 7/1 The wedding of the Princess Sophie to the Crown Prince of Greece implied a further re-tightening of the bonds of friendship between Copenhagen and Berlin. 1991 Dental Pract. 5 Sept. 49/3 In the CeraOne system, the screw interface eliminates the need for retightening and incisal opening, allowing the finished porcelain crown to be built directly onto, and safely supported by, a ceramic cap. re-time v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈtʌɪm/ , U.S. /riˈtaɪm/ ΚΠ 1901 Proc. Royal Soc. 68 427 The mean-time chronometer Arnold 86, and the hack chronometer Molyneux 2123 have been cleaned and re-timed. 1960 Times 1 June 18/7 But the production as a whole needs re-timing. 1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes x. 468 The sheets should be ½ inch away from the guides at this point. If not, the feeder must be retimed to the press. 1996 Which? Guide to starting your own Business (new ed.) ii. 38 He needs to re-time some of the outgoings, but feels it would be unwise to reduce them all. retiming n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈtʌɪmɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈtaɪmɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1899 Times 8 July 11/6 The re-timing of a train, even of a local train, may easily involve consequential changes extending throughout the whole system of the company. 1997 Brit. Jrnl. Sociol. 48 331/2 The effect of a subsequent retiming of family-building. re-toast v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈtəʊst/ , U.S. /riˈtoʊst/ ΚΠ 1837 Piso & Præfect I. v. 132 To the utter consternation of his friends, he re-toasted all their favourite toasts. 1862 ‘M. Dods’ Cook & Housewife's Man. (ed. 11) iii. 517 They keep long, but if above a week, should be re-toasted when wanted, like most other cakes. 1994 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 31 Dec. 8 To use again it must be re-toasted and sent to the table warm. If baked in an oven the oatcake will be hard. retrample v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈtrampl/ , U.S. /riˈtræmp(ə)l/ ΚΠ 1816 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 41 143 Echo retrampling every gritty tread. 1997 Omaha (Nebraska) World Herald (Nexis) 19 Aug. 35 A.P. Hill, Virginia, has been trampled and retrampled by thousands of feet, but now it's time to pack up and go home. retriangulate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːtrʌɪˈaŋɡjᵿleɪt/ , U.S. /ˌritraɪˈæŋɡjəˌleɪt/ ΚΠ 1892 Ann. Rep. Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army ii. App. U. 1539 On March 1 a party was organized to retriangulate the bay from Galveston to Morgan Point, many of the old stations having been lost. 1977 Dædalus Summer 109 He persuaded the Survey of India to retriangulate part of the region. 1997 C. Kahn Rom. Shakespeare v. 119 The arrival of Thidias with his smooth-tongued flatteries retriangulates the struggle, again making the queen the crucial middle term between the two men. retriangulation n. Brit. /ˌriːtrʌɪaŋɡjᵿˈleɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌtrʌɪaŋɡjᵿˈleɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌtraɪˌæŋɡjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1681 J. Oldham Satyrs upon Jesuits 362 If retriangulation were necessary for geodetic purposes, all these stations would require refixing, for..it would be impossible to assume that any of them had not been disturbed. 1962 Times 6 Nov. 14/5 This year saw the completion of the seventh series of 1in. maps and the substantial completion of the retriangulation of Britain. 1999 Geomorphology 29 108/2 Spot heights were rarely used as the Ordnance Survey retriangulation led to changes in spot height location. re-undergo v. Brit. /ˌriːʌndəˈɡəʊ/ , U.S. /riˌəndərˈɡoʊ/ ΚΠ 1837 Trans. Med. Soc. N.-Y. 1836–7 3 67 To re-undergo, what to young men seem the horrors of an examination. 1882 H. de Windt On Equator 126 To re-undergo fresh sufferings. 2000 H. J. Koopman Syntax of Specifiers & Heads iv. x. 322 These people reundergo the same procedure every week. reventilate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈvɛntᵻleɪt/ , U.S. /riˈvɛn(t)əˌleɪt/ ΚΠ 1852 Rep. 21st Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1851 116 Even in the event of any explosion in the pit, the means of reventilating is by its means at hand. 1861 Times 26 Mar. 10/5 They took out their horses twice a day to exercise, for eight months in the year, which gave two opportunities for reventilating a putrid stable. 1885 C. Bowen in Law Times Rep. 52 289/1 Reventilating the question of domicile. 1992 Times 1 Dec. 15/1 The goings on of various Princes of Wales in this century..have been all too well reventilated recently. rewalk v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈwɔːk/ , U.S. /riˈwɔk/ , /riˈwɑk/ ΚΠ 1833 T. Hook Parson's Daughter ii. 31 He re-walked himself back again to his hotel. c1864 E. Dickinson Bolts of Melody (1945) 246 One rewalks a precipice. 1969 J. T. Burtchaell Catholic Theories of Biblical Inspiration since 1810 vii. 303 The individual Christian can and certainly should rewalk the route from paganism to Christ. 1999 W. L. Heat Moon River Horse viii. 367 What if we're off the mark and have to rewalk it the right way in daylight? reweld v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈwɛld/ , U.S. /riˈwɛld/ ΚΠ 1845 W. Hogan Synopsis Popery 21 Think you..that foreign Papists in this country would try to reweld it? 1951 Times 31 Dec. 4/1 All that remained to be done was to reweld the steel plate which had been cut away. 1976 S. Judson et al. Physical Geol. xi. 250/1 Eventually the other continental mass arrives at the trench, and the two are rewelded. re-welding n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈwɛldɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈwɛldɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1848 Sci. Amer. 9 Sept. 404/1 A machine recently invented by..a blacksmith of Green Co., Illinois, for reducing the size of wagon tyres,..and without cutting and re-welding. 1884 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 3rd Ser. 248/1 By re-welding and sudden cooling, the Damascus steel loses its pattern. 1991 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 26 Aug. 57 The welding, weld X-raying, grinding, and rewelding was ongoing while the manways were used for access by the workmen inside the vessel. rezip v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈzɪp/ , U.S. /riˈzɪp/ ΚΠ 1936 Bowie (Texas) News 14 Aug. 3/1 The fastener in question was on the trousers of a male employe of the said institution. It unzipped all right, but when the time came to rezip it, nothing doing. 1974 ‘M. Underwood’ Pinch of Snuff xi. 97 Brian watched him re-zip the bag. 2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon xix. 285 He unzipped and urinated, then rezipped and turned to wash his hands. b. Prefixed to verbs and nouns which denote ‘making (of a certain kind or quality)’, ‘turning or converting into ——’, esp. those formed on adjectives by means of the suffix -ize. re-Americanize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːəˈmɛrᵻkənʌɪz/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈmɛrəkəˌnaɪz/ ΚΠ 1857 W. W. Wright Doré 176 Smith has re-Americanized himself, and changed to a cold, rigid, straight-cravated man! 1913 H. James Let. 16 Sept. in H. James & E. Wharton Lett. (1990) vi. 268 Taking up with Washington as his scene of work—repatriating & reAmericanizing. 2004 P. Biskind Down & Dirty Pictures iii. 121 If the New Wave gallicized Hollywood B movies, Tarantino re-Americanized the French hybrids, reclaiming them, as it were. re-Americanization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːəˌmɛrᵻkənʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriəˌmɛrəkənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌriəˌmɛrəkəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1830 Edinb. Rev. 51 497 The required discipline of re~Americanization. 1985 W. Sheed Frank & Maisie vi. 134 For me, every week was a glum re-Americanization, every weekend an unraveling. reanimalization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌanᵻməlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌanᵻml̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌænəmələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌænəməˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1890 W. C. Coupland Gain of Life 142 The Social Eudæmonists, if consistent, should aim at ‘Wiederverthierung’ (re-animalization). And, beyond all question, they should cease to propagate the species. 1973 Western Polit. Q. 26 123 Kojève sees that the end of history may necessitate the ‘re-animalization’ of man. 1994 Hist. & Theory 33 244 Norman O. Brown's call..for an end to civilized repression and the ‘reanimalization’ of the individual. reanimalize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈanᵻməlʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːˈanᵻml̩ʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈænəməˌlaɪz/ ΚΠ 1885 W. C. Coupland Spirit Goethe's Faust v. 107 Faust must perforce become reanimalized. 1992 G. Kateb Inner Ocean vii. 197 If each group easily thinks of itself as a distinct and homogeneous species (or almost so), it artificially reanimalizes itself. re-Asianization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌeɪʃn̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌeɪʒn̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌeɪʒənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌeɪʒəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1992 Y. Kobayashi in New Perspectives Q. Winter 20/1 Today Japan should be pursuing a path of ‘re-Asianization’... The re-Asianization I am promoting is not exclusive. Rather, it involves strengthening ties in Asia while at the same time maintaining close relations with the West. 2000 M. Itoh Globalization of Japan v. 105 Japan cannot achieve its new goal of re-Asianization or Datsuô Nyuâ unless it fully admits its responsibility for wartime acts of aggression in Southeast Asia. re-Asianize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈeɪʃn̩ʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːˈeɪʒn̩ʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈeɪʒəˌnaɪz/ ΚΠ 1992 New Perspectives Q. Spring 18/2 Is the fact that Kobayashi and others..are finding a receptive Japanese audience for their calls to ‘re-Asianize’ an indication that Japan is on the cusp of another indigenizing cultural shift? 2000 Geogr. Rev. 90 113 ‘Re-Asianizing’ could be observed in the ‘Speak Mandarin’ campaign. rebourbonize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbɔːbənʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːˈbʊəbənʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːˈbəːbənʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈbʊrbəˌnaɪz/ , /riˈbərbəˌnaɪz/ ΚΠ 1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 478 The church..rebourbonized, and reconventualized. rebridge v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbrɪdʒ/ , U.S. /riˈbrɪdʒ/ ΚΠ 1840 B. E. Hill Pinch—of Snuff 128 Perhaps Liston himself, though capable of abridging noses, could not have re-bridged that of the man whose sabre-flattened proboscis [etc.]. 1860 R. F. Burton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1859 29 212 The central channel must be rebridged with branching trees. 1999 Guardian (Nexis) 11 June 20 Wells can be dug, rivers re-bridged, and water and electricity restored far more easily than social and political structures can be restored or created. rebrighten v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbrʌɪtn/ , U.S. /riˈbraɪtn/ ΚΠ 1734 Complaint Job 6 New-springing Glee rebrightens Nature's Eye. 1822 W. Combe Hist. Johnny Quæ Genus vii. 180 Till gold's redeeming power shall say, Come and re-brighten on the day. 1925 E. Sitwell Poetry & Crit. 23 Miss Stein..breaks down the predestined groups of words..; then she re~brightens them,..and builds them into new and vital shapes. 1995 Straits (Singapre) Times (Nexis) 9 Nov. (Life section) 12 It is as if love came to her rescue and has rebrightened her dimming star. rebrown v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbraʊn/ , U.S. /riˈbraʊn/ ΚΠ 1842 A. M. Holmes Ride to Florence I. vii. 195 There was a ‘restant’ of veal..and truly it proved a picked bone rebrowned. 1869 Edinb. Evening Courant 13 Dec. 4/2 We trust this will be done before any of those venerable rifles are rebrowned and made to look well without being in the least improved. 1907 Daily Chron. 1 Feb. 9/3 There are plenty of first-rate gunmakers who will do odd jobs—re-browning barrels, for instance. 2001 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 Oct. d1 Lenny..has been reblacking and rebrowning shoes at the cemetery's edge for 17 years. rebrutalize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbruːtl̩ʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈbrudlˌaɪz/ ΚΠ 1852 Meanderings of Memory I. 21 O too rebrutalized! oh too bereaved! 1885 W. C. Coupland Spirit Goethe's Faust v. 106 It is the aim of the Devil..to rebrutalize him. 1999 Denver Westword (Nexis) 26 Aug. At this late date, such a piece serves only to rebrutalize a community that has had far more than its fill of exploitation. recentralization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌsɛntrəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌsɛntrələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌsɛntrəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1895 B. Adams Law of Civilization & Decay v. 117 The capture of the Syrian seaports led to the reopening of trade and the recentralization of the western world. 1925 Glasgow Herald 5 Oct. 11 Only Scotland and the Northern (Newcastle) [administration] will continue to function, but the official policy is definitely recentralisation because of the enormous fall in the volume of the work. 1991 Hist. Workshop Spring 58 In contrast, the recentralization of the 1970s stressed enhancing the provision of consumer goods. recentralize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsɛntrəlʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈsɛntrəˌlaɪz/ ΚΠ 1864 T. D. McGee Pop. Hist. Ireland I. ii. vii. 103 Brian's design to re-centralize the island, seems the highest dictate of political wisdom, in the condition to which the Norwegian and Danish wars had reduced it. 1953 Far Eastern Surv. 22 12/1 Their reluctance to recentralize the police. 1996 Computing 28 Nov. 10/6 We have had times when people want to recentralise the processing—this is really by people who want to sell more expensive servers. recivilianization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːsᵻˌvɪljənʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌrisəˌvɪljənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌrisəˌvɪljəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1947 Times 6 June 2/2 These members of the Polish forces who will not accept recivilianization through the Polish Resettlement Corps are under military authority. 1962 S. E. Finer Man on Horseback xi. 198 In both these cases it has taken a long time for the ‘re-civilianization’ to take root. 1984 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 7 Jan. In a process of controlled recivilianization from 1975 to 1979 they determined the timing, basic structure and underlying ideology of Nigerian liberal democracy. recivilianize v. Brit. /ˌriːsᵻˈvɪljənʌɪz/ , U.S. /ˌrisəˈvɪljəˌnaɪz/ ΚΠ 1962 S. E. Finer Man on Horseback xi. 190 How far it is possible for a military régime, starting with quasi-civilian institutions,..ultimately to re-civilianize itself. 2000 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 3 Jan. a7 Event organizers said they had been ‘recivilianized’ after being forced to carry automatic weapons and hand grenades during the civil war that has gripped the West African nation for the past decade. recivilianized adj. Brit. /ˌriːsᵻˈvɪljənʌɪzd/ , U.S. /ˌrisəˈvɪljəˌnaɪzd/ ΚΠ 1962 S. E. Finer Man on Horseback xi. 197 Could the régime not pass..from a quasi-civilianized military régime..to a re-civilianized one? 1991 Hispania 74 690/1 The background—newly recivilianized Argentina—suggests renewal. recoke v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkəʊk/ , U.S. /riˈkoʊk/ ΚΠ 1851 R. Hunt Sci. Exhib. in Art Jrnl. Illustr. Catal. iii. p. x/1 Pressing it in moulds..and re-coking it with care. 1966 Winnipeg (Manitoba) Free Press* 5 Aug. 29/7 (advt.) Radiators recoked and repaired. 2004 FD (Fair Disclosure) Wire (Nexis) 11 Feb. It's a coking problem with the heater. We're running them real, real hard to keep the utilization high... We have to go in and recoke both of those periodically. recriminalize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkrɪmᵻnəlʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːˈkrɪmᵻnl̩ʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈkrɪm(ə)nəˌlaɪz/ ΚΠ 1976 Kennebec Jrnl. (Augusta, Maine) 20 Apr. 4/3 In other words, some of the more serious offenses have been recriminalized and provision has been made for enforcing the civil violations. 2007 Canberra Times (Nexis) 26 Jan. a3 Opposition Leader and shadow attorney-general Bill Stefaniak called for the Government to end confusion and recriminalise marijuana. re-English v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ , U.S. /riˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ ΚΠ 1834 Gardener's Mag. 10 180 Mr. Anderson, on reading his paper re-Englished by us..concluded that we had mistranslated his paper. 1895 J. Winsor Mississippi Basin 310 This journal..was..later re-Englished by another hand. 1991 Times (Nexis) 29 Apr. The Baron van Swieten translated it into German for a first Viennese performance and then..re-Englished it, for publication in Britain... The original English text is lost. re-enumerate v. Brit. /ˌriːᵻˈnjuːməreɪt/ , U.S. /ˌriəˈn(j)uməˌreɪt/ , /ˌriiˈn(j)uməˌreɪt/ ΚΠ 1823 Q. Jrnl. Foreign & Brit. Med. Oct. 547 All those means which we have already indicated, and which we think it quite needless to re-enumerate. 1848 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Nov. 387 We will not re-enumerate all the fatal practical measures..which the success of the whigs would establish in the Federal Government. 1997 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 31 May a4 Elections Canada officials admit they missed several apartment buildings but have re-enumerated the residents. re-enumeration n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːᵻˌnjuːməˈreɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriəˌn(j)uməˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌriiˌn(j)uməˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1842 F. Howes in tr. Horace First Bk. Satires i. 2 The exact re-enumeration of the other characters. 1913 H. James Let. 2 May in H. James & E. Wharton Lett. (1990) vi. 252 I have taken the liberté grande to insert your name..into the re-enumeration of signers of the loveliest little Birthday letter to me. 1965 Demography 2 616/2 The post-censal follow-up re-enumeration. refertilization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌfəːtᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌfəːtl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌfərdl̩əˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌfərdlˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1857 L. Harper Preliminary Rep. Geol. & Agric. Surv. Mississippi 171 Nature has so kindly provided for the re-fertilization of those exhausted fields. 1893 Times 30 Sept. 8/2 The regeneration and refertilization of the soil. 1951 Biol. Bull. 100 337 It is clear that refertilization has occurred in these eggs. 2001 Notes 58 112/2 A refertilization of abstration with mimesis. refertilize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfəːtᵻlʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːˈfəːtl̩ʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈfərdlˌaɪz/ ΚΠ 1757 M. Postlethwayt Britain's Commerc. Interest ix. 229 The earth which feeds and nourishes brute animals may be reasonably enough supposed, to be constituted of that, which will renourish and refertilize the land again. 1853 F. B. Hough Hist. St. Lawrence & Franklin Counties v. 327 The produce of the fields mostly returned to them to refertilize the soil, and when judiciously managed, to preserve it in its original fertility. 1894 C. L. Johnstone Canada 48 The duty of refertilising the land. 1995 Independent 17 Feb. 18/1 How snails are helping refertilise Middle Eastern deserts. re-Hellenization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌhɛlᵻnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌhɛlənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌhɛləˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1881 Athenæum 17 Sept. 363/3 The re-Hellenization of the country by the Byzantine emperors. 1952 C. Dawson Understanding Europe i. ii. 36 This re-Hellenization of Western culture had its origins far back in the Middle Ages with the recovery of Greek science and philosophy from the Arabs by the translators of the twelfth century. 2005 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 4 May 10 The departure of the Turks after World War I..led to a spate of rebuilding that hastened the re-Hellenization of the once-Greek city. re-Hellenize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈhɛlᵻnʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈhɛləˌnaɪz/ ΚΠ 1878 L. Sergeant New Greece ii. x. 392 The Greeks of the nineteenth century were fast becoming re-Hellenised. 1994 C. Paglia Vamps & Tramps 324 Baudelaire's heroic, defiant lesbians are hedonistically modernized by Verlaine and later rehellenized by Louys. reinstitutionalization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˌtjuːʃn̩əlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˌtʃuːʃn̩əlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˌtjuːʃn̩l̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˌtʃuːʃn̩l̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌɪnstəˌt(j)uʃ(ə)nlˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌɪnstəˌt(j)uʃ(ə)nələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1952 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 17 380/1 The transformation is..an integral part of the re-institutionalization of economic life which has accompanied Britain's changed place in the world structure of resources and markets. 1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 813/1 At follow-up on average fourteen months after discharge, the authoritarian group was shown to be significantly superior to the permissive in respect of reconvictions, re-institutionalization, and clinical well-being. 2007 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 30 Mar. b1 Sullivan's plan..calls for the elimination of homelessness, the re-institutionalization of mentally ill people,..and the eradication of street drug sales. reinstitutionalize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˈtjuːʃn̩əlʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˈtʃuːʃn̩əlʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˈtjuːʃn̩l̩ʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːɪnstᵻˈtʃuːʃn̩l̩ʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˌɪnstəˈt(j)uʃənlˌaɪz/ , /riˌɪnstəˈt(j)uʃənəˌlaɪz/ ΚΠ 1915 Biblical World 46 224 Roman experience was reinstitutionalized in the church as a means of bringing salvation to a lost and corrupt race. 1976 Guardian Weekly 14 Nov. 7/2 The first task of the Carter administration must be to reinstitutionalise American foreign policy. 2006 Bangor (Maine) Daily News (Nexis) 30 Sept. a1 Over the past decade, more and more of the state's mentally ill have been reinstitutionalized in Maine's county jails. re-Islamization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːɪzˌlɑːmʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌriɪˌslɑˌmaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌriɪˌslɑməˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1930 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 29 300 Through contact with themselves, a movement of ‘re-islamisation’ has shown itself. 2003 E. Powell tr. S. Jamal Arabian Flavours 33 At the beginning of the 1980s, in the Muslim-Arab world, there was a strong surge of re-Islamisation, which left behind these six coquettish and irredentist women. re-Islamize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈɪzləmʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈɪsləˌmaɪz/ ΚΠ 1969 Times 2 June p. iii/1 The Atatürkist left is greatly agitated by the frequent allegations that the state is being silently re-Islamized. 2000 Jrnl. Law & Relig. 15 292 The current dynamics of ‘re-Islamizing’ law and political institutions. re-Latinization v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌlatɪnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌlætn̩əˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌlætnˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1890 J. Earle Eng. Prose 421 ‘Relatinization’ provokes cavil. 1999 Newsweek (Nexis) 12 July 61 If our children speak two languages instead of just one, how can that not be a benefit to us all? The re-Latinization of this country will pay off in other ways as well. re-Latinize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈlatɪnʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈlætnˌaɪz/ ΚΠ 1847 D. Quillinan Jrnl. Resid. Portugal I. 128 This vulgar tongue..was only at last..reformed, and I believe it may be said, re-Latinized. 1890 J. Earle Eng. Prose 421 They have been refashioned, respelt, relatinized. 1992 H. Kuhn in C. Blank Lang. & Civilization I. 613 If even ‘modern’ words like Signal, Karamell..ended up with neuter gender in German, while in Swedish they were put in the utrum category, the reason might have been a German tendency to ‘re-latinize’ Romance suffixes. re-layman v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈleɪmən/ , U.S. /riˈleɪmən/ ΚΠ 1804 J. Larwood No Gun Boats 29 The uncassocked Prelate in his now re-layman'd ministerial capacity. remodernization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌmɒdənʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌmɒdn̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌmɑdərnəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌmɑdərˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1931 Times 10 Apr. 18/4 The re-modernization and re-equipment of our stores. 1996 J. C. Oates We were Mulvaneys 70 The plumbing at High Point Farm needed ‘remodernization’ as Corinne called it, the bathrooms especially. remodernize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈmɒdənʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːˈmɒdn̩ʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈmɑdərˌnaɪz/ ΚΠ 1800 J. Salmon Hist. Descr. Anc. & Mod. Rome II. 174 Since being in the possession of the Spada family, it [sc. the Palace of Spada] has been remodernized by Borromini. 1966 Theory into Pract. 5 93 Modernization is itself to be modernized by our latest discovery—the ‘systems approach’—which promises to remodernize all aspects of education. remodernized adj. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈmɒdənʌɪzd/ , /(ˌ)riːˈmɒdn̩ʌɪzd/ , U.S. /riˈmɑdərˌnaɪzd/ ΚΠ 1860 Times 18 May 12/4 (advt.) A collection of more than 1,100 words, either entirely new or re-modernized, with full explanations and quotations from the best modern French authors. 1976 S. Wales Echo 27 Nov. 9/4 (advt.) Remodernised fur coats. 2003 Daily News Record (Nexis) 24 Mar. 10 For spring I'll continue with the washes, and mix them with a re-modernized Western look. I want to embroider shirts and leather. reobjectivize v. Brit. /ˌriːəbˈdʒɛktᵻvʌɪz/ , U.S. /ˌriəbˈdʒɛktəˌvaɪz/ , /ˌriɑbˈdʒɛktəˌvaɪz/ ΚΠ 1892 W. D. Howells in Harper's Mag. Mar. 641 To reobjectivize the phenomenon of their recurrence. 1993 Musical Q. 77 79 A woman..who is constantly subjecting herself to objectification in discourse..and then re-objectivizing her own self whenever she claims to identify herself ‘as’ a masculine subject. reobjectivized adj. Brit. /(ˌ)riːəbˈdʒɛktᵻvʌɪzd/ , U.S. /ˌriəbˈdʒɛktəˌvaɪzd/ , /ˌriɑbˈdʒɛktəˌvaɪzd/ ΚΠ 1854 A. Edersheim tr. H. M. Chalybäus Hist. Devel. Speculative Philos. x. 255 A notion which is the re-objectivised image or portraiture of individual definite intuitions. rephonemicization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːfəˌniːmᵻsʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌrifoʊˌniməsəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌrifoʊˌniməˌsaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌrifəˌniməsəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌrifəˌniməˌsaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1950 C. F. Hockett in Language 26 69 We have been led to this rephonemicization through grammatical considerations; but once discovered the new analysis is established purely on phonological grounds. 2002 R. M. W. Dixon Austral. Langs. xii. 570 Dench also notes that this has led to some rephonemicisation. For example, murru-rni..underwent vowel assimilation to become murrirni. rephonologization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːfəˌnɒlədʒʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌrifəˌnɑlədʒəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /ˌrifəˌnɑləˌdʒaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ [after German Umphonologisierung (R. Jakobson 1931, in Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague 4 255); compare French rephonologisation (1949 or earlier)] ΚΠ 1968 Current Anthropol. 9 175/3 In establishing the various types of phonological change (e.g., ‘phonologization’, ‘dephonologization’, ‘rephonologization’), the phonologists of the '20's and '30's concentrated on the transformations undergone by individual phonemes. 1987 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 32 416 I would like to draw the reader's attention to Menyuk and Menn and Locke's treatment of phonological development in terms of processing strategies and constraints, rephonologization, and memory processes. rephonologize v. Brit. /ˌriːfəˈnɒlədʒʌɪz/ , U.S. /ˌrifəˈnɑləˌdʒaɪz/ , /ˌrifoʊˈnɑləˌdʒaɪz/ ΚΠ 1972 R. Jakobson tr. Princ. Hist. Phonology in A. R. Keiler Reader Hist. & Comparative Linguistics 130 The relation between the old group ‘é + palatalized consonant’ and, for example, ‘ó + palatalized consonant’ is rephonologized. 1997 E. Lanza Lang. Mixing in Infant Bilingualism iii. 107 Siri's mother borrowed the Norwegian baby talk word for dog, namely the onomatopoetic vov-vov. However, she often rephonologized it. repopularization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌpɒpjᵿlərʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌpɑpjələrəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌpɑpjələˌraɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1962 Agric. Hist. 36 133/1 A few of the wilder results of repopularization of the ‘Turner thesis’ were enough to set almost any sane person affright. 1997 16th Cent. Jrnl. 28 1005 The sociopolitical background of both of the decades of repopularization. repopularize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpɒpjᵿlərʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈpɑpjələˌraɪz/ ΚΠ 1841 Eclectic Rev. Mar. 353 To modify, if not to remove, patronage..was thought one of the best things the church could do to repopularize itself. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 11 Aug. 12/2 I do not intend to repopularise the stereoscope. 1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren ii. 38 The following favourite accumulates on the principle of ‘The House that Jack built’. It was repopularized by the American folk-singer Burl Ives in 1953, but had been current in Britain for anyway forty years before his visit. 2007 Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Nexis) 16 Mar. d7 The 10-song collection is a throwback to '50s and '60s girl groups such as the Crystals, Shangri-Las, the Ronettes and the Supremes, a sound that was recently repopularized by the film ‘Dreamgirls’. reroyalize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈrɔɪəlʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈrɔɪəˌlaɪz/ ΚΠ 1809 W. Taylor in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) II. 273 The army..will be reroyalized. 1994 Geist: Canad. Mag. Ideas & Culture Oct.–Nov. 2/1 There are Commonwealth scholarships and Rhodes Scholarships (although these are open to Americans, too—apparently old Cecil never stopped dreaming of the day the U.S. would re-royalize). re-stabilization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌsteɪbᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌsteɪbl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌsteɪbələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌsteɪbəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1918 F. J. Teggart Processes of Hist. iii. 94 The aggression or selfassertion of small bodies of men, representing individuals who have not submitted themselves to the process of re-stabilization in the political organization. 1958 A. Toynbee East to West xxv. 75 The population started to increase at an accelerating rate (it is still increasing today, though re-stabilization is now in sight). 2006 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 25 Sept. 12 Contract and Convergence goes forward to a re-stabilisation of the global climate. restabilize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈsteɪbᵻlʌɪz/ , /(ˌ)riːˈsteɪbl̩ʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz/ ΚΠ 1922 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 93 129 The only metal capable of re-stabilising the cell-wall is magnesium. 1976 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 133 34/1 The patients who relapsed on placebo were found to be very difficult to restabilize. re-Stalinization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌstɑːlᵻnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌstɑlənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌstɑləˌnaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1956 Washington Post 19 Nov. a21/1 Even today, after the unspeakable horror of the blood bath in Hungary, the betting is still somewhat against a ‘re-Stalinization’. 1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 16 Aug. 13/3 Mr. Arbatov pursued his career ambitiously but, he says, despairingly during the next two decades of ‘creeping re-Stalinization’ under Leonid I. Brezhnev. re-Stalinize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈstɑːlᵻnʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈstɑləˌnaɪz/ ΚΠ 1956 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 18 Dec. 24/3 There are those who believe an attempt to ‘re-Stalinize’ might actually stimulate mass uprisings. 2002 Arts Educ. Policy Rev. (Nexis) 1 Nov. 37 Proponents of such approaches..have tried to take over media literacy projects in..England, where young academic visual culture theorists seem to have re-Stalinized. restandardization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌstandədʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌstændərdəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌstændərˌdaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1906 Portsmouth (New Hampsh.) Herald 23 Mar. 1/4 The restandardization trial of the cruiser Charleston, held on Thursday over the Owl's Head course with the ship equipped with enlarged propellers, was not regarded as a success by members of the naval trial board. 1952 C. P. Blacker Eugenics: Galton & After 204 The Pintner-Patterson scale (1917) and the Arthur Performance scale, the latter a restandardization of ten of the tests used in the former, are now in common use. 2006 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 16 June 6 A re-standardization of the Bank of Israel's hiring and payment norms resulting in actual pay cuts and dismissals must now be written publicized and executed. resterilization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌstɛrᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /(ˌ)riːˌstɛrl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˌstɛrələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˌstɛrəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1900 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. (rev. ed.) I. 567/2 The best silk sponges are expensive so that resterilization would be necessary. 1985 C. S. Ward Anaesthetic Equipm. (ed. 2) xvii. 300/1 Provided that the labour costs are not too high, there would seem to be no contraindication to the resterilization of nasogastric tubes, suction catheters, etc. resterilize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈstɛrᵻlʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈstɛrəˌlaɪz/ ΚΠ 1890 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 1889 12 i. 124 During the afternoon the filter was resterilized and suspended in unsterilized turnip infusion. 1899 Appletons' Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 57 Unscrupulous manufacturers..resterilize the cans with their contents. 1991 Ulster Newslet. (BNC) 5 Nov. The five operating theatres knocked out of action by the bomb may not be deemed re-sterilised before Friday. resweeten v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈswiːtn/ , U.S. /riˈswitn/ [originally after Italian raddolcire (a1353)] ΚΠ 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words 417/2 Raddolcire, to resweeten. Raddolcito, resweetned. Raddolcimento, a resweetning. 1854 A. Park Poet. Wks. 240/2 'Cause those whom I consider dear, Still breathe thy fragrant atmosphere, Resweeten'd through each grove. 1965 W. H. Auden About House (1966) 29 Shrines..Rose again Resweetened the hirsute West. 2004 Pittsburgh Tribune Rev. (Nexis) 24 Sept. Sam and her daddy enjoy a blissful relationship that is re-sweetened each half-hour of screen time by the sharing of a chocolate cake. revolatilization n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˌvɒlətᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , /ˌriːvəlatᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/ , U.S. /riˈvɑlədl̩əˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ , /riˈvɑlədlˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1866 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 22 441 The volatile matters removed by distillation..have found a reception where no revolatilization could occur. 1938 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) xviii. 170 The condensation and revolatilization of bismuth hydride. 2001 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 46 1152/2 Revolatilization, sorption, and leaching through soils are key mechanisms [of mercury transport] in rivers. revolatilize v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈvɒlətᵻlʌɪz/ , /ˌriːvəˈlatᵻlʌɪz/ , U.S. /riˈvɑlədlˌaɪz/ ΚΠ 1882 Athenæum 18 Nov. 667/1 This deposit of the foreign metal may..be revolatilized. 1916 Steven's Point (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 24 Feb. This [disappearance] is caused by the cloud's descent to a level where a rise of temperature causes the condensed water vapour to revolatilize. 1979 Science 19 Oct. 327/3 The additional spread of toxic wastes by..incinerating contaminated animal carcasses at low temperature, which only revolatilized the TCDD. c. Prefixed to verbs and nouns which denote fitting, equipping, supplying, or treating with something.Frequent in technical use. reashlar v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈaʃlə/ , /(ˌ)riːˈaʃlɑː/ , U.S. /riˈæʃlər/ ΚΠ 1845 R. Willis Archit. Hist. Canterbury Cathedral v. 93 The work of these transepts consisted..of re-ashlaring and repairing the walls below. 1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. 184 The interior of the Chapel was refitted in 1717 and its exterior reashlared. rebone v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbəʊn/ , U.S. /riˈboʊn/ ΚΠ 1871 Figure Training 54 The staymaker should be directed to take out all the bones first and to rebone them again afterwards. 1990 G. Bear Queen of Angels (1991) i. xxviii. 140 Seeing this grand old hotel being refleshed and reboned gave Mary a twinge. rebronze v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈbrɒnz/ , U.S. /riˈbrɑnz/ ΚΠ 1823 in Apollo (1992) June 352/1 Repairing the carved work and rebronzing the chimerical legs. 1862 Times 22 Nov. (advt.) Lamps rebronzed, regilt, and repaired. 1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 May 14/2 He dreamed of a new, muscular European elite which would ‘rebronze’ the youth of the world. recane v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkeɪn/ , U.S. /riˈkeɪn/ ΚΠ 1857 Catal. Educ. Div. S. Kensington Mus. 33/2 (advt.) Chairs re-caned, 1s. and upwards. 1991 Choice Jan. (Suppl.) 4/2 You might want to find out the pleasures and techniques of fly fishing or a language, test your talents at anything from French polishing to recaning chairs, painting to marquetry. re-chalk v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈtʃɔːk/ , U.S. /riˈtʃɔk/ , /riˈtʃɑk/ ΚΠ 1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings I. iv. 48 The bright-colored flags replaced, the arms polished and arranged in improved order, and the decks re-chalked with new devices. 1879 F. W. Robinson Coward Conscience i. vi Re-chalking his cue. 1988 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 30 Apr. The White Horses of Wiltshire have been cleaned and rechalked periodically since ancient times. refenestrate v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈfɛnᵻstreɪt/ , U.S. /riˈfɛnəˌstreɪt/ ΚΠ 1962 G. Williams Welsh Church from Conquest to Reformation ii. xii. 430 Henry Dean, formerly prior of Llanthony, and bishop of Bangor from 1496 to 1500, refenestrated the transepts and the chancel. 1997 Oxoniensia 61 380 In addition the exterior had unfortunately been refenestrated in a crude manner in 1982.., and the entrance hall, although considered pleasant, was not exceptional in its use of materials or details. re-lampshade v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈlampʃeɪd/ , U.S. /riˈlæmpˌʃeɪd/ ΚΠ 1918 A. Bennett Roll-call i. ii. 24 The lampshade craze increasing in virulence, they had between them re-lampshaded the entire house. relead v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈlɛd/ , U.S. /riˈlɛd/ ΚΠ 1843 Churches of Cambs. 14 Repairing and releading the Cathedral church. 1886 R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. I. 513 The glazier..was engaged to relead them. 1967 Philadelphia Museum of Art Bull. 62 257 The orchard scene has been releaded more recently, probably in the early part of this century. 2004 Daily Tel. 30 Jan. 15/1 Norwich cathedral receives a grant of £161,0 for the final phase of work re-leading the cloister roof. releather v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈlɛðə/ , U.S. /riˈlɛðər/ ΚΠ 1854 Times 22 Apr. 12/2 It would be for the advantage of the country if he could be prevailed upon to allow the unhappy 11th to have the tightness of their nether integuments relaxed and their bottoms releathered. 1884 R. F. Coffin Old Sailor's Yarns x. 105 To releather the parral of the main royal-yard. 1987 Courier-Mail (Nexis) 23 Apr. The plasterwork has been renewed, embroidery remounted, dining-room chairs releathered, marble treated with acid, carpets cleaned. reletter v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈlɛtə/ , U.S. /riˈlɛdər/ ΚΠ 1793 Times 10 Sept. 3/2 It is recommended to the Trustees of the turnpike-road from Bromley to Seven Oaks, to re-letter their direction posts. 1884 Manch. Examiner 15 Oct. 5/4 Renaming and relettering the streets of Paris with Republican signs. 1988 R. Turnbull Fisher's World: Canada 47 Across the street is the Loyalist Burial Ground dating to 1783. Inscriptions on many of the age-worn headstones have been relettered. re-litter v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈlɪtə/ , U.S. /riˈlɪdər/ ΚΠ 1778 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 15 Feb. 1775 Shovelling the gangways, and re-littering them with long dung. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 16 Feb. 145/3 The whole place is then thoroughly cleaned,..and rested a week before being re-littered. 2002 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 25 June b1 Would you be willing to give your litter away if your poultry houses were cleaned out and re-littered at no cost? re-mine v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈmʌɪn/ , U.S. /riˈmaɪn/ ΚΠ 1917 J. Masefield Old Front Line iii. 38 It was all mined, countermined, and re-mined. 1996 Jrnl. Soil & Water Conserv. Jan.–Feb. 14/1 This program would encourage operators to re-mine sites they might otherwise avoid. re-neck v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈnɛk/ , U.S. /riˈnɛk/ ΚΠ 1899 Indiana County (Pa.) Gaz. 9 Aug. 3/2 These have all had to be rebarred and renecked in the attempt to bring them up to modern pitch requirements. 1967 Guardian 2 Mar. 6/6 A genuine theorbo, built as a lute in 1584 and renecked in 1730. 1996 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 21 Jan. w1 Renecking a banjo can take days or weeks, depending on the intricacy of the inlay, laminates and other details. repetticoat v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpɛtɪkəʊt/ , U.S. /riˈpɛdiˌkoʊt/ , /riˈpɛdəˌkoʊt/ ΚΠ 1857 A. Trollope Barchester Towers II. vii. 125 Should the bishop now be repetticoated. repew v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpjuː/ , U.S. /riˈpju/ ΚΠ 1822 J. Phillimore Cases Eccl. Courts 2 373 The libel pleaded..‘that in the year 1802 directions were given..to repair and re-pew the parish church’. 1839 F. Witts Diary 20 May (1978) 160 The church has been recently repewed with deal. 1997 Times (Nexis) 8 Feb. A board in the porch records that when the church was re-pewed in 1876 ‘all seats are for the free use of parishioners according to the law.’ repowder v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈpaʊdə/ , U.S. /riˈpaʊdər/ ΚΠ 1794 E. Gunning Packet I. xv. 272 When his wig had been three times re-powdered..it was high time to make our appearance at the castle. 1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia II. ix. vii. 472 I repowdered her myself, and readjusted her dress a little. 1971 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Doctor Bird xii. 171 She had repowdered her face, which had the fine texture of hospital rubber sheets. 2005 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 14 June 16 The excited young girl repowdered, relipsticked, got set for The Big Moment. requeen v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkwiːn/ , U.S. /riˈkwin/ ΚΠ 1850 Househ. Words 5 Oct. 58/1 Goethe's personal beauty at forty was ‘immarcessible’ and at sixty was ‘re-queened’ by genius. 1884 Bee-keeping (Brit. Bee-keepers' Assoc.) 24 I re-queened all my stocks..with Ligurians. 1992 Sciences Mar. 27/1 The feral Africanized bees are then requeened—mated with selected European or hybrid queens—to create new colonies with more manageable characteristics. re-quicksilver v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈkwɪkˌsɪlvə/ , U.S. /riˈkwɪkˌsɪlvər/ ΚΠ 1875 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. (ed. 2) v. 151 The means of re-quicksilvering its reflectors. respoke v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈspəʊk/ , U.S. /riˈspoʊk/ ΚΠ 1862 Burlington (Iowa) Weekly Hawk-eye 13 Sept. Tottering wagons to be respoked. 1893 F. C. Selous Trav. S.-E. Afr. 118 I had all the tools..necessary for re-spoking it. 1997 Seattle Times (Nexis) 8 June b2 Nearby is the rear wheel hub from an old single-speed bike, which he's respoking to be used with a wheel rim from a newer mountain bike whose multiple gears he has little use for. restaff v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈstɑːf/ , /(ˌ)riːˈstaf/ , U.S. /riˈstæf/ ΚΠ 1898 Westm. Gaz. 4 Apr. 7/2 The hospital committee accepted the resignation, and a special meeting has been called to consider the subject of restaffing the institution. 1898 Daily News 16 Apr. 9/5 The Management Committee..decided to close the Institution..and restaff the place with as little delay as possible. 1999 Disability Now Aug. 1/1 A high street bank has caved in to pressure from local community and disability groups and agreed to re-staff an automated branch in Reading. re-tape v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈteɪp/ , U.S. /riˈteɪp/ ΚΠ 1877 Staffs. Daily Sentinel 23 Feb. 2/4 (advt.) Old Blinds re-taped, painted, and made to work on the latest and most approved principle. 1965 Progress (Clearfield, Pa.) Times 5 Apr. 8/1 I came up with an idea the other day that could have saved me the expense of having a pair of Venetian blinds retaped. 2003 Paint Magic 53 37/3 Re-tape any areas you need to protect. re-ticket v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈtɪkɪt/ , U.S. /riˈtɪkᵻt/ ΚΠ 1828 H. Dunn Guatimala ii. ii. 89 If after three days any of the articles remain unsold, they are re-ticketed at two-thirds of the former price. 1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 6 Apr. 1/4 The announcement was a surprise to the officials of the steamship companies and means that all passengers for points of the White Pass & Yukon will have to be re-ticketed and all freight rebilled at Skagway. 1999 Newsweek 22 Feb. 66/3 An agent can often re-ticket you without a huge penalty or fee. re-turban v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈtəːb(ə)n/ , U.S. /riˈtərbən/ ΚΠ 1845 ‘E. Warburton’ Crescent & Cross I. 166 Re-dressed, re-turbaned, and re-seated on my carpet. re-washer v. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈwɒʃə/ , U.S. /riˈwɔʃər/ , /riˈwɑʃər/ ΚΠ 1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. x. 54/2 These cocks..are very durable, easily re-washered. 1960 Times 16 Sept. 13/5 The local water company re-washer water taps free of charge in order to save water. 1991 N. de Lange tr. A. Oz To know Woman (1992) x. 50 He rewashered all the taps in the house. re-washering n. Brit. /(ˌ)riːˈwɒʃərɪŋ/ , U.S. /riˈwɔʃərɪŋ/ , /riˈwɑʃərɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1924 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 9 Oct. 12/6 The construction should be such that the valve and all working parts can be removed from the front for re-washering and repairing. 1986 E. Hall in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) iii. i. 318 Stop-cocks, like taps, may occasionally need rewashering. 2. Occasionally doubled or trebled (usually with hyphens inserted) to express further repetition of an action.This practice is rarely adopted in serious writing, although re- is readily prefixed to words of which it already forms the first element, as re-recover, re-reform. ΚΠ 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. v. 405 In March he delues them, re-re-delues, and dresses. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) London 193 These [sc. ancient Cloaths of our English Kings] King James..gave to the Earl of Dunbar, by whom they were sold, resold, and re-re-resold at as many hands almost as Briarius had. 1775 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 3 Apr. (1778) Re-re-re-tried the drill. Not yet compleat! 1838 T. Moore Mem. (1856) VII. 218 A late publication (or rather re-re-publication of Bowles's). 1844 R. Southey Life A. Bell II. 483 I have read, re-read, and re-re-read your dedication. 1885 G. B. Shaw Let. 14 Dec. (1965) I. 146 I re-return the cheque, and if you re-re-return it I will re-re-re-return it again. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 504 I rererepugnosed in rerererepugnant. 1954 New Biol. 16 43 Under the title ‘Vital Blarney’..I reviewed, or to be pedantic I re-re-reviewed, Bernal's book The Physical Basis of Life. 1989 R. Penrose Emperor's New Mind i. 25 There is..a wave of re-alignment down the page as the placement of every succeeding letter..is re-calculated, and then re-re-calculated as the ‘d’ is inserted. 2006 Inside Edge June 75/3 Don't re-re-raise all-in with K-K. A fourth raise from your opponent almost certainly means he has A–A. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < prefix1605
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