adenosinen.

Brit.

/əˈdɛnə(ʊ)siːn/, U.S.

/əˈdɛnəˌsin/,

/əˈdɛnəs(ə)n/

Forms: 1900s– adenosin, 1900s– adenosine.

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Adenosin.

Etymology: < German Adenosin (P. A. Levene and W. A. Jacobs 1909, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 42 2703; < aden- (in Adenin adenine n.) + -os- (in ribose n.) + -in -ine suffix⁵), with (in form adenosine) remodelling of the ending (compare -ine suffix⁵).

Biochemistry.

A crystalline nucleoside (formed from the purine base adenine and ribose) which is present in all types of cell, acts as a regulator of neurotransmission, and, esp. in the form of its nucleotides, is an important participant in and regulator of numerous metabolic reactions; abbreviated A, Ado.Systematic name: 9-β- d-ribofuranosyladenine; C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄.

ΚΠ

1909 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 96 i. 686 Adenosin, C₁₀H₁₃O₄N₅,..separates from hot water in long needles..and yields adenine and d-ribose on hydrolysis with hot dilute sulphuric acid.

1910 P. A. Levene in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 32 239 The second nucleoside has practically the same crystalline appearance as inosine and guanosine, and differs from these two only by its physical constants and by the fact that on hydrolysis it yields in place of guanine the base adenine, and is, therefore, named adenosine.

1929 Jrnl. Physiol. 67 Suppl. p. xxxvi The activity of adenosine liberated from the picrate is of the same order as the substance isolated from heart muscle.

1954 H. W. Florey Lect. Gen. Pathol. ii. 27 Adenosine and adenylic acid are released from burnt tissues and possibly are responsible for widespread changes following severe injury.

2004 Amer. Scholar Winter 6/2 Caffeine..was coursing through their veins, stimulating brain activity by blocking the uptake of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that, if left to its own devices, makes people..sleepy and depressed.

Compounds

C1. In the names of compounds derived from adenosine.

ΚΠ

1909 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 96 i. 686 This solution..is treated with a hot saturated of picric acid, whereby adenosin picrate..is obtained.

1929 Science 70 381/1 The adenosine phosphoric acid isolated about two years ago from voluntary muscle is not identical with that obtained from yeast nucleic acid.

1945 Science 2 Nov. 449/1 An increase in liver inorganic phosphate occurs with a concurrent fall in adenosine pyrophosphate and other organo-phosphates.

1991 R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecol. (ed. 2) x. 207/1 That reduced sulphur is likely to be the energy source for carbon fixation is shown by the presence of adenosine-5'-phosphosulphate (APS).

2008 Process Biochem. 43 557/1 Selenate enters cells via the sulfate transport system and forms adenosine phospho-selenate.

C2.

adenosine deaminase n. an enzyme which catalyses the deamination of adenosine to inosine; abbreviated ADA.The absence of adenosine deaminase, due to an autosomal recessive disorder, is one cause of severe combined immunodeficiency.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > enzymes

galactase1898

cellulase1901

nuclease1902

xanthine oxidase1905

exoenzyme1908

glucosidase1909

galactase1910

nucleosidase1911

nucleotidase1911

adenosine deaminase1913

cellobiase1919

hydratase1922

activase1928

hexokinase1930

histaminase1930

kallikrein1930

Michaelis constant1930

cholinesterase1932

phosphodiesterase1932

chymotrypsin1933

glycosidase1933

rhodanese1933

acetylcholinesterase1937

prolidase1937

diaphorase1938

aconitase1939

hyaluronidase1940

transaminase1940

hydrase1943

isomerase1943

lactoperoxidase1943

streptokinase1944

pectinesterase1945

pectinmethylesterase1945

phosphokinase1946

alliinase1947

CoA1947

phosphotransferase1948

polymerase1948

transferase1948

elastase1949

amyloglucosidase1950

transacetylase1950

transhydrogenase1952

hydroxylase1953

kinase1953

transketolase1953

synthase1954

hexosaminidase1955

translocase1957

angiotensinase1958

angiotensin converting enzyme1960

photoenzyme1960

acetyltransferase1961

adenyl cyclase1961

adenylate cyclase1962

replicase1962

ADA1963

transcriptase1963

adenylyl cyclase1964

recombinase1964

laminarinase1966

nickase1967

acrosin1970

reverse transcriptase1970

cellobiohydrolase1972

cyclooxygenase1974

laminaranase1974

primase1977

helicase1978

monodeiodinase1978

transposase1979

maturase1980

1913 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 18 513 Adenosine deaminase..converts adenosine, produced by the action of a nuclease, into inosine.

1937 Nature 10 Apr. 627/1 All the adenosine deaminase previously found in muscle and liver may have been really contained in the residual blood in these tissues.

1991 U.S. News & World Rep. 4 Nov. 69/1 The disease Anderson and his colleagues..chose to investigate was adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, an inherited disorder that destroys the body's immune cells.

2005 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A 102 9583/1 Adenosine deaminase..binds to the cell surface by means of either CD26, A₁ receptors, or A₂₈ adenosine receptors.

adenosine diphosphate n. a nucleotide consisting of adenosine combined with a double phosphate unit, which is both a precursor and breakdown product of adenosine triphosphate and acts as a metabolic regulator; abbreviated ADP.Systematic name: adenosine 5′-diphosphate.

ΚΠ

1936 Chem. Abstr. 30 1063 The facts..all lead to the conclusion that adenosine triphosphate..and adenosine diphosphate..have the following constitutions.

1950 Arch. Biochem. 28 346 Adenosine diphosphate and monophosphate were equally as effective as the triphosphate.

2010 Ultra Fit Apr. 66/2 To provide the energy for muscle contraction, a high-energy chemical compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is broken down into its constituents—adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi).

adenosine monophosphate n. any of several nucleotides that are phosphoric monoesters or diesters of adenosine; esp. adenosine 5′-phosphate, which acts as metabolic regulator (abbreviated AMP).Also called adenylic acid.cyclic adenosine monophosphate: see cyclic AMP n. at cyclic adj. Additions.

ΚΠ

1941 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 137 351 The product of phosphorylation of adenosine is hydrolyzed 34 per cent in 10 minutes, indicating that it is a mixture of adenosine monophosphate..and adenosine polyphosphates.

1973 J. F. Henderson & A. R. P. Paterson Nucleotide Metabolism p. xiv Thus, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is not derived from nucleic acids, but is quite legitimately a nucleotide through its relation to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is so derived.

2009 Amer. Jrnl. Cardiol. 103 681/1 Adenosine triphosphate..breaks down into adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine.

adenosine triphosphate n. a nucleotide consisting of adenosine and a triple phosphate unit, the hydrolysis of which is a source of energy for numerous physiological processes, and which also participates in many synthetic reactions requiring a phosphoric, adenosyl, or adenyl residue; abbreviated ATP.Systematic name: adenosine 5′-triphosphate.

ΚΠ

1932 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 97 11 The discovery of phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate in muscle, and the publication of a new method for determining hexosephosphate..suggested to us the need for reinvestigating the effect of insulin on the distribution of phosphorus in muscle.

1969 Times 13 May 14/2 Adenosine triphosphate, an essential part of the machinery whereby living cells store the energy yielded by respiration.

2005 Men's Health (U.K. ed.) June 168/3 Training aerobically causes your body to produce more adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that carries energy to your body's cells.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	adenosine
释义	adenosinen. Brit. /əˈdɛnə(ʊ)siːn/, U.S. /əˈdɛnəˌsin/, /əˈdɛnəs(ə)n/ Forms: 1900s– adenosin, 1900s– adenosine. Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Adenosin. Etymology: < German Adenosin (P. A. Levene and W. A. Jacobs 1909, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 42 2703; < aden- (in Adenin adenine n.) + -os- (in ribose n.) + -in -ine suffix⁵), with (in form adenosine) remodelling of the ending (compare -ine suffix⁵). Biochemistry. A crystalline nucleoside (formed from the purine base adenine and ribose) which is present in all types of cell, acts as a regulator of neurotransmission, and, esp. in the form of its nucleotides, is an important participant in and regulator of numerous metabolic reactions; abbreviated A, Ado.Systematic name: 9-β- d-ribofuranosyladenine; C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄. ΚΠ 1909 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 96 i. 686 Adenosin, C₁₀H₁₃O₄N₅,..separates from hot water in long needles..and yields adenine and d-ribose on hydrolysis with hot dilute sulphuric acid. 1910 P. A. Levene in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 32 239 The second nucleoside has practically the same crystalline appearance as inosine and guanosine, and differs from these two only by its physical constants and by the fact that on hydrolysis it yields in place of guanine the base adenine, and is, therefore, named adenosine. 1929 Jrnl. Physiol. 67 Suppl. p. xxxvi The activity of adenosine liberated from the picrate is of the same order as the substance isolated from heart muscle. 1954 H. W. Florey Lect. Gen. Pathol. ii. 27 Adenosine and adenylic acid are released from burnt tissues and possibly are responsible for widespread changes following severe injury. 2004 Amer. Scholar Winter 6/2 Caffeine..was coursing through their veins, stimulating brain activity by blocking the uptake of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that, if left to its own devices, makes people..sleepy and depressed. Compounds C1. In the names of compounds derived from adenosine. ΚΠ 1909 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 96 i. 686 This solution..is treated with a hot saturated of picric acid, whereby adenosin picrate..is obtained. 1929 Science 70 381/1 The adenosine phosphoric acid isolated about two years ago from voluntary muscle is not identical with that obtained from yeast nucleic acid. 1945 Science 2 Nov. 449/1 An increase in liver inorganic phosphate occurs with a concurrent fall in adenosine pyrophosphate and other organo-phosphates. 1991 R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecol. (ed. 2) x. 207/1 That reduced sulphur is likely to be the energy source for carbon fixation is shown by the presence of adenosine-5'-phosphosulphate (APS). 2008 Process Biochem. 43 557/1 Selenate enters cells via the sulfate transport system and forms adenosine phospho-selenate. C2. adenosine deaminase n. an enzyme which catalyses the deamination of adenosine to inosine; abbreviated ADA.The absence of adenosine deaminase, due to an autosomal recessive disorder, is one cause of severe combined immunodeficiency. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > enzymes galactase1898 cellulase1901 nuclease1902 xanthine oxidase1905 exoenzyme1908 glucosidase1909 galactase1910 nucleosidase1911 nucleotidase1911 adenosine deaminase1913 cellobiase1919 hydratase1922 activase1928 hexokinase1930 histaminase1930 kallikrein1930 Michaelis constant1930 cholinesterase1932 phosphodiesterase1932 chymotrypsin1933 glycosidase1933 rhodanese1933 acetylcholinesterase1937 prolidase1937 diaphorase1938 aconitase1939 hyaluronidase1940 transaminase1940 hydrase1943 isomerase1943 lactoperoxidase1943 streptokinase1944 pectinesterase1945 pectinmethylesterase1945 phosphokinase1946 alliinase1947 CoA1947 phosphotransferase1948 polymerase1948 transferase1948 elastase1949 amyloglucosidase1950 transacetylase1950 transhydrogenase1952 hydroxylase1953 kinase1953 transketolase1953 synthase1954 hexosaminidase1955 translocase1957 angiotensinase1958 angiotensin converting enzyme1960 photoenzyme1960 acetyltransferase1961 adenyl cyclase1961 adenylate cyclase1962 replicase1962 ADA1963 transcriptase1963 adenylyl cyclase1964 recombinase1964 laminarinase1966 nickase1967 acrosin1970 reverse transcriptase1970 cellobiohydrolase1972 cyclooxygenase1974 laminaranase1974 primase1977 helicase1978 monodeiodinase1978 transposase1979 maturase1980 1913 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 18 513 Adenosine deaminase..converts adenosine, produced by the action of a nuclease, into inosine. 1937 Nature 10 Apr. 627/1 All the adenosine deaminase previously found in muscle and liver may have been really contained in the residual blood in these tissues. 1991 U.S. News & World Rep. 4 Nov. 69/1 The disease Anderson and his colleagues..chose to investigate was adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, an inherited disorder that destroys the body's immune cells. 2005 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A 102 9583/1 Adenosine deaminase..binds to the cell surface by means of either CD26, A₁ receptors, or A₂₈ adenosine receptors. adenosine diphosphate n. a nucleotide consisting of adenosine combined with a double phosphate unit, which is both a precursor and breakdown product of adenosine triphosphate and acts as a metabolic regulator; abbreviated ADP.Systematic name: adenosine 5′-diphosphate. ΚΠ 1936 Chem. Abstr. 30 1063 The facts..all lead to the conclusion that adenosine triphosphate..and adenosine diphosphate..have the following constitutions. 1950 Arch. Biochem. 28 346 Adenosine diphosphate and monophosphate were equally as effective as the triphosphate. 2010 Ultra Fit Apr. 66/2 To provide the energy for muscle contraction, a high-energy chemical compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is broken down into its constituents—adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). adenosine monophosphate n. any of several nucleotides that are phosphoric monoesters or diesters of adenosine; esp. adenosine 5′-phosphate, which acts as metabolic regulator (abbreviated AMP).Also called adenylic acid.cyclic adenosine monophosphate: see cyclic AMP n. at cyclic adj. Additions. ΚΠ 1941 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 137 351 The product of phosphorylation of adenosine is hydrolyzed 34 per cent in 10 minutes, indicating that it is a mixture of adenosine monophosphate..and adenosine polyphosphates. 1973 J. F. Henderson & A. R. P. Paterson Nucleotide Metabolism p. xiv Thus, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is not derived from nucleic acids, but is quite legitimately a nucleotide through its relation to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is so derived. 2009 Amer. Jrnl. Cardiol. 103 681/1 Adenosine triphosphate..breaks down into adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine. adenosine triphosphate n. a nucleotide consisting of adenosine and a triple phosphate unit, the hydrolysis of which is a source of energy for numerous physiological processes, and which also participates in many synthetic reactions requiring a phosphoric, adenosyl, or adenyl residue; abbreviated ATP.Systematic name: adenosine 5′-triphosphate. ΚΠ 1932 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 97 11 The discovery of phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate in muscle, and the publication of a new method for determining hexosephosphate..suggested to us the need for reinvestigating the effect of insulin on the distribution of phosphorus in muscle. 1969 Times 13 May 14/2 Adenosine triphosphate, an essential part of the machinery whereby living cells store the energy yielded by respiration. 2005 Men's Health (U.K. ed.) June 168/3 Training aerobically causes your body to produce more adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that carries energy to your body's cells. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1909
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