单词 | rear |
释义 | † rearn.1 Obsolete. A loud noise, as a crash, peal, cry, or roar. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] cryc1380 clamoura1382 hallowc1440 shout1487 spraich1513 routa1522 rear1567 outshout1579 shoutcry1582 hollo1598 hoot1600 hulloo?1706 halloo1707 holloa1757 bawl1792 holler1825 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise chirma800 dina1000 utas1202 noise?c1225 nurthc1225 dinninga1400 glama1400 glavera1400 reer?a1400 reirdc1400 dunch1440 steveningc1440 rebound1457 bruit?1473 alarm1489 yell1509 gild?a1513 shout?a1513 reveriea1522 routa1522 thundering1560 rumouringc1563 dinrie?1566 rear1567 fray1568 thunder-crack1595 thunder1600 fanfarea1605 fragor1605 clamour1606 thunder-clap1610 obstrepency1623 tonitruation1658 randana1661 clarion1667 leden1674 bluster1724 salvoa1734 ding1750 row1753 tonance1778 dunder1780 chang1788 blare1807 flare1815 detonation1830 trump1848 trumpeting1850 foghorn1875 yammer1932 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > [noun] > of thunder thunderc1000 clapc1386 thunder-blasta1400 rout1513 thundering1526 rear1567 rounce robble hobble1582 robble1609 rouncy1616 thunder bounce1629 thunder-peal1804 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > outcry or clamour reamOE ropeOE brack?c1200 utas1202 hootinga1225 berec1225 noise?c1225 ludea1275 cryc1275 gredingc1275 boastc1300 utasa1325 huec1330 outcrya1382 exclamation1382 ascry1393 spraya1400 clamourc1405 shoutingc1405 scry1419 rumourc1425 motion?a1439 bemec1440 harrowc1440 shout1487 songa1500 brunt1523 ditec1540 uproar1544 clamouring1548 outrage1548 hubbub1555 racket1565 succlamation1566 rear1567 outcrying1569 bellowing1579 brawl1581 hue and cry1584 exclaiming1585 exclaim1587 sanctus1594 hubbaboo1596 oyez1597 conclamation1627 sputter1673 rout1684 dirduma1693 hallalloo1737 yelloching1773 pillaloo1785 whillaloo1790 vocitation1819 blue murder1828 blaring1837 shilloo1842 shillooing1845 pillalooing1847 shriek1929 yammering1937 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [noun] > thunder > thunder-clap denta1300 dintc1374 thunder-clapc1386 thunder-blasta1400 thunder-crackc1450 clap1509 thundering1526 rear1567 thunder bounce1629 thunder-peal1804 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vii. f. 91 Of people talking in my house me thought I heard the reare. 1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. iii. xviii. 76 This skufling and confedracie in hell made such a reare, That, wontles of such braules and blowes, Proserpine did feare. a1600 J. Melvill Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 424 I may regrat with manie reuthfull reare [etc.]. 1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith ii. 31 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) (At this Hebrew's prayer) such a reare Of thunder fell, that brought them all in feare. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † rearn.3 Obsolete. rare. That which is reared or obtained from cattle. ΚΠ a1617 Sir R. Owen Of Antiquity Laws Eng. xviii, in W. Raleigh Wks. (1829) VIII. 608 Fructus not only comprehends cattle, with their wool and milk, but the rear, and that which cometh from them. a1617 Sir R. Owen Of Antiquity Laws Eng. xviii, in W. Raleigh Wks. (1829) VIII. 615 The wool, or milk, or rear of them. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2018). rearadj.1 Now English regional. a. Originally only of eggs: slightly or imperfectly cooked, underdone. Also in extended use. Cf. rare adj.2 Now regional.In quot. a1450: †(of sins) unconfessed (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [adjective] > cooked > under- or lightly-cooked rearlOE rare1655 zamzawed1743 al dente1940 the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [adjective] > cooked (of specific food) > eggs rearlOE harda1425 poachedc1450 soft-boiled1577 hard-boiled1589 rare1655 rath egg1684 in the shell1692 dropped1824 rumpled1896 lOE Prose Charm: Against Dysentery (Faust. A.x) in G. Storms Anglo-Saxon Magic (1948) 307 Þis is man sceal singan nigon syþon wiþ utsiht on an hrerenbræden æg þry dagas. ?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 47 Nim swefles ehta peneȝa ȝewyhta and cnuca hine smale; nim þann an hrere bræd æȝ and do hyt on innan and sile hym etan [L. in ovo ductili accipiat]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 323v Rere ȝolkes somdel yfastned beþ lasse dryinge and bettre to defye. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 58 (MED) Þou schalt helpe..wiþ plenteuousnes of good mete..as..rere eyren [L. ouorum sorbilium]. a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 1461 Anoþyr day þey [sc. sins] schul be rawe and rere And synke þi sowle to Satanas In gastful glowynge glede. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 84 (MED) Lete him vsen..broþid chikenes and rere eggis. 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 667/2 Supping of a rere roten egge. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cxciii. 151 Rere egges..that is to say litle more than through hoat. 1620 T. Middleton & W. Rowley World Tost sig. E3 Ile haue thee ram'd Into a Culuerin else, and thy reare flesh Shot all into potcht eggs. 1625 T. Middleton Game at Chæss iv. ii Can a soft rear, poor poach'd iniquity So ride vpon thy conscience? 1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick iv. vii. 121 Let the Patient abstain..from Wine, Flesh, and Rear Eggs. 1702 T. Tryon Way to get Wealth 73 Milk is said to dimn the sight, but Eggs poached or rear eaten with the Powder of Eye Bright are very excellent. 1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope I. 201 The Hottentots,..love their victuals, whether roasted or boil'd, should be very rear. a1796 S. Pegge Two Coll. Derbicisms (1896) 118 Rear, meat underdone. 1839 C. Clark John Noakes & Mary Styles 15 The meat, 'tis nearly rear. 1882 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (at cited word) I can do with beef or mutton a bit rear, but veal an' pork should be done well. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 102/2 Rear, underdone, half-raw. ΚΠ ?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 23 Sule hym supan ȝebræddan hrere æȝeran and huniȝ to. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. F j b Poched egges are better than egges rosted hard or rere. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xiii. sig. G.iii Let the egge be newe, and roste hym reare. 1607 J. Harington tr. J. de Mediolano Englishmans Docter sig. A7 Egges newly laid, are nutritiue to eat, And rosted Reere are easie to digest. 1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis viii. 167 Coole endiffe, radish, new egs rosted reare, And late-prest cheese; which earthen dishes beare. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Baucis & Philemon in Fables 159 New-laid Eggs, which Baucis busie Care Turn'd by a gentle Fire, and roasted rear. Compounds †With participial adjectives, as rear-boiled, rear-brede (see brede v.1), rear-dressed, rear-poached, rear-roasted, etc. Obsolete. ΚΠ lOEHrerenbræden [see sense a]. ?a1200Hrere bræd [see sense a]. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xiii. sig. G.iii Newe reare rosted egges be good in the mornynge. 1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) at Ouum Sorbile ouum, a reere rosted egge. 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 54v The hearbe [Eiebright]..eaten euerie day in a reare potched Egge. 1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xxxix. 261 Eggs..reare dressed somwhat. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §53 Eggs (so they be Potched, or Reare boyled). 1656 P. Heylyn Surv. Estate France 260 A dish of Egges, rear-roasted by the flame. 1722 D. Turner Art of Surg. I. v. 384 Let him be fed with thin Panada, Water and Barly-grewels, Chicken or other small Broath, Harts-horn Jelly, sometimes a rear poach'd or a new laid Egg. 1754 A. Berthelson Eng. & Danish Dict. at Rere A rere-boiled egg. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rearadj.2n.2 A. adj.2 (attributive). 1. Military and Navy. Designating or relating to a division of troops placed or moving as the last in order, or to the deployment of such troops. Frequently as rear rank (also attributive in noun phrases). †rear bataille (in quot. a1500): = rearguard n.1 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > position at the back > [adjective] afterOE afterwardOE hinderc1290 hinderera1340 hinda1400 backc1490 reara1500 posterior1578 rearward1581 backwarda1616 hindsome1634 postica1638 averse1646 postern1648 postical1657 reverse1675 aft1711 retrospective1785 hindward1797 retral1822 western1829 postjacent1878 a1500 (?a1325) Otuel & Roland (1935) l. 2109 (MED) Twenty thousand charlys ladde, And also fele roulond hadde In-to the rere batayle. 1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 114 I will goe and take some of the Reare Companies. 1689 Perfect. Milit. Discipl. (1691) 91 The Rear Ranks of Musketiers make Ready. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Rear-Line, of an Army encamped, is the second Line; it lies about four or five hundred Yards Distant from the first Line. 1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 125 If on a rear division.—That division will be placed... The change will then be made as on a front division. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. at Rear front The rear-rank-men stand where the front-rank-men ought to be. 1861 T. E. May Constit. Hist. Eng. (1863) II. viii. 83 The halting rear-rank of their own Tory followers. 1918 Stars & Stripes 19 Apr. 4/2 It remained for a humble rear rank doughboy private..to give it the brand new twist. 1974 T. P. Whitney tr. A. Solzhenitsyn Gulag Archipel. I. i. iv. 167 They were vehement in their rear-line wrath (the most intense patriotism always flourishes in the rear). a1985 P. White With the Jocks (2003) 190 I collected six men, a Bren gun, two Sten guns and three riflemen from the rear section, and handed the Platoon over to Sgt Dickinson. 2002 P. Haythornthwaite Brit. Rifleman 1797–1815 29 When advancing, the rear-rank men passed on the right of the front-rank men, moved ten paces forward, and halted to fire. 2. gen. Placed or situated at the back; hindmost, last. ΚΠ 1577 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 313 The imployment of the same is to be auswered in a Reere Accompte tobe made by Thofficers of the Revelles. ?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 72 Front and rear walls in the first Story to be two Bricks and a half thick. 1777 R. Donkin Mil. Coll. 141 Pompey, reduced to fly, disguised like a peasant, rode out of the decumen or rear gate of his camp. 1860 H. Stuart Novice's or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 12 Why are the rear trucks taken off?.. To give the gun more elevation. 1869 W. H. Laubach U.S. Patent 86,235 1/1 This invention consists in making the frame of a velocipede in two parts, whereof one embraces the front wheel, and the other, the rear wheel, which two parts are pivoted together. 1884 Instr. Mil. Engin. (ed. 3) I. ii. 45 Choose the best men for diggers in the gun-spaces and rear-trench. The diggers in the front ditch have easier work. 1920 S. Lewis Main St. xvi. 198 Mr. Schnarken slipped a piece of custard pie into the clergyman's rear pocket. 1952 V. Canning House of Seven Flies 5 A second sailor opened the rear door of the car for him. 1995 Which? Oct. 18/2 Like all the cars on test, the rear seat split 60/40. 2005 V. Lougheed Belize 190 If you want a longer jungle hike, follow the trail to the rear entrance of the cave and back to the visitor center. B. n.2 1. a. Military and Navy. The hindmost portion of an army or fleet; that division of a force which is placed, or moves, last in order. Cf. rearguard n.1 1a, van n.2 1.In later use tending to pass into sense B. 2. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] > rear rearwarda1325 arrière1602 rear1602 1602 [see Phrases 1a]. 1624 J. Donne Deuotions xvi. 401 When an Army marches, the Vaunt may lodge to night, where the Reare comes not till to morrow. 1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus vi. 137 One great Detachment following the Imperial Army fell upon their Reer. 1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. x. 372 The cavalry..soon overtook the enemy's rear. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Rear, a name given to the last division of a squadron, or the last squadron of a fleet. 1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 190 Expecting that the van of the enemy would necessarily come to the assistance of their rear. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Rear of an Army,..Generally the third component part of a large body of forces, which consists of an advanced guard, a main body and a rear guard. 1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 330/1 A detachment of troops which brings up and protects the rear of an army. 1914 E. R. Burroughs Tarzan of Apes ix. 107 In the rear were a hundred warriors, similar in all respects to the advance guard. 1996 C. J. O'Brien Liberation 18 The Japanese were all around... They even infiltrated down to pack-howitzer positions in the rear of the front lines. 2004 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 68 770 In 1761 the Cherokees seem to have used the half-moon technique to slide along the edges of the march column and then attack the rear (the rear had also been briefly attacked earlier that day). b. figurative and in figurative context. Now rare. ΚΠ 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iii. 35 Keepe you in the reare of your affection Out of the shot and danger of desire. View more context for this quotation 1624 J. Donne Deuotions xvi. 402 That [bell] which rung to day, was to bring him in his Reare, in his body, to the Church. 1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 32 While the Cock..Scatters the rear of darknes. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1577 The first-born bloom of spring Nipt with the lagging rear of winters frost. View more context for this quotation 1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 274 The morn, new-rob'd in purple light, Pierc'd with her golden shafts the rear of night. 1773 J. Home Alonzo iii. i. 47 When sore affliction comes In the decline of life! 'tis like a storm Which in the rear of autumn shakes the tree: That frost had touch'd before; and strips it bare Of all its leaves. 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 18 That shatter'd flag of fiery cloud Which leads the rear of the departing day. a1914 A. Crapsey Compl. Poems (1977) 110 A laggard in the rear of time's swift feet, And one who loiters on an aimless way. 1988 tr. T. I. Zaslavskaia in Soviet Sociol. 26 8 Let us state it bluntly: for a long time the social sciences, far from being in the vanguard, brought up the rear of society. 2. a. The back (as opposed to the front) of an army, camp, or person. Also: the space behind or at the back, the position at or towards the back. Cf. earlier rearward n.1 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > position at the back > [noun] rear1604 society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > rear back-wardc1275 rearwarda1325 reredosc1400 reward1440 back-guardc1470 rearguard1481 arrière-guard1489 retroguard1574 arrear-ward1579 forlorn hope1579 train1598 back1600 rear1604 1604 C. Edmondes Maner of Mod. Training in Observ. Cæsars Comm. II. 133 When the whole Battalion being in their close order should turne about & make the Rere the Front. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 4 The King was advised to give place,..till he had tryed masteries with Scotland, and thereby secured his Rere. 1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 536 He stands at Bay against yon knotty Trunk That covers well his Rear. 1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 123 The Divisions marching through each other from Rear to Front. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. xxxiv. 334 The rear, as the post of danger, he claimed for Timasion and himself. 1888 P. H. Sheridan Personal Mem. II. ii. 37 Crook..conducted his command south in two parallel columns until he gained the rear of the enemy's works. 1924 T. E. Hume in H. Read Speculations 130 You start in the confusion of the fighting line, you retire from that just a little to the rear to recover. 1958 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples IV. xi. vi. 180 Had Hooker set his army in motion against Lee he must have driven Lee ever farther from Jackson and ever nearer to Sedgwick, who had now at length forced the heights of Fredericksburg, and, little more than eight miles away, was, with thirty thousand men, driving Early back upon Lee's rear. 2003 Irish Times (Nexis) 5 Apr. 11 Quartermaster Rob ‘Blackeye’ Jones arrived from the rear after lunch, the squadron's purveyor of supplies. b. colloquial. The buttocks or backside of a person. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun] flitcha700 arse-endseOE culec1220 buttockc1300 tail1303 toutec1305 nagea1325 fundamentc1325 tail-end1377 brawna1382 buma1387 bewschers?a1400 crouponc1400 rumplec1430 lendc1440 nachec1440 luddocka1475 rearwarda1475 croupc1475 rumpc1475 dock1508 hurdies1535 bunc1538 sitting place1545 bottom?c1550 prat1567 nates1581 backside1593 crupper1594 posteriorums1596 catastrophe1600 podex1601 posterior1605 seat1607 poop1611 stern1631 cheek1639 breeka1642 doup1653 bumkin1658 bumfiddle1661 assa1672 butt1675 quarter1678 foundation1681 toby1681 bung1691 rear1716 fud1722 moon1756 derrière1774 rass1790 stern-post1810 sit-down1812 hinderland1817 hinderling1817 nancy1819 ultimatum1823 behinda1830 duff?1837 botty1842 rear end1851 latter end1852 hinder?1857 sit1862 sit-me-down1866 stern-works1879 tuchus1886 jacksy-pardy1891 sit-upon1910 can1913 truck-end1913 sitzfleisch1916 B.T.M.1919 fanny1919 bot1922 heinie1922 beam1929 yas yas1929 keister1931 batty1935 bim1935 arse-end1937 twat1937 okole1938 bahookie1939 bohunkus1941 quoit1941 patoot1942 rusty-dusty1942 dinger1943 jacksie1943 zatch1950 ding1957 booty1959 patootie1959 buns1960 wazoo1961 tush1962 1716 S. Wesley Neck or Nothing 16 Pull in thy Horns, and kiss the Rod, And while thou canst, retreat, for fear They fall once more upon thy Rear. 1796 True Briton 26 Oct. 3/3 Lord Camelford can boast of a power which rivals that of the First Lord of the Admiralty. He has made Captain Couver a yellow rear. 1807 Monthly Reg. Mar. 256 Whose Author,—as some folks will tell-ee, Has got no brains but in his belly; Or,—as some other people fear, His brains are all lodg'd in his rear. 1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer ii. 28 In another moment he was flying down the street with his pail and a tingling rear,..and Aunt Polly was retiring from the field with a slipper in her hand. 1956 H. Gold Man who was not with It vi. 49 You used to have some fat, some curves there. Quite a rear you used to have—quite a rear. 1995 Independent 5 Oct. (Suppl.) 32/3 The camel walk..requires that you stick your bum out at the start of a gentle sashay slowly pushing your tummy out as you move forward and ending by sticking your rear out again. 2005 C. Starr Nemesis of Garden ii. 36 All that wicker seating is hard on a man's rear. 3. a. In general use: the back or back part of something. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > position at the back > [noun] > back part or rear hinder enda1382 back-half1408 backside1417 arse1510 rear1609 postern1611 back-enda1617 arreara1627 back1626 averse1655 posteriorsa1657 ass1700 tail-end1747 rear end1785 west side1829 arse-end1837 hindside1862 ass-end1934 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > body or bodywork > rear part rear1609 tail1928 tonneau1931 1609 T. Dekker Guls Horne-bk. sig. E3 Those boxes by the iniquity of custome, conspiracy of waiting-women and Gentlemen-Ushers.., and the couetousnes of Sharers, are contemptibly thrust into the reare. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 191 The front, and the reare, the beginning, middle, and end of our salvation. 1714 in J. H. Temple & G. Sheldon Hist. Northfield, Mass. (1875) 134 The rear of said home-lots' fence shall have one-half of said fence to be accounted as Public Fence. 1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VII. xxi. 74 He found more occasions than those of nature, to fall back to the rear of his carriage. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. xii. 280 A flock of sheep which may be..seen to assemble in the rear of an old bell-wether. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 40 The ruddy square of comfortable light, Far-blazing from the rear of Philip's house, Allured him. 1936 M. Mitchell Gone with the Wind iv. xxxii. 537 The ribbons did not tie under the chin..but in the back under the massive bunch of curls which fell from the rear of the hat. 1990 E. Horowitz & S. Sahni Fund. Data Structures in Pascal (ed. 3) iii. 113 A queue is an ordered list in which all insertions take place at one end, the rear, while all deletions take place at the other end, the front. 2003 D. W. Harwood Highway/Heavy Vehicle Interaction ii. 10 At very high speeds.., drivers of heavy vehicles need to be aware that the rear of their vehicle may track to the outside, rather than the inside. b. slang (chiefly in universities and schools). A public or communal lavatory. Also in plural, with singular agreement. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun] > water-closet or lavatory > public vespasienne1834 public lavatory1880 chalet1881 public toilet1895 rear1902 cottage1909 comfort station1923 public convenience1938 vespasian1938 facility1939 superloo1965 1902 J. S. Farmer & W. E. Henley Slang VI. i. 4/2 Rear..(University), a jakes. 1907 H. Nicolson Let. 31 Apr. in J. Lees-Milne Harold Nicolson (1980) I. ii. 29 The usual bad rears with its hook and eye lock. 1940 M. Marples Public School Slang 112 Other synonyms [for lavatories] are rears, lats..and dubs. 1946 B. Marshall George Brown's Schooldays xliii. 170 And now let's raid the rears and rout out any of the other new swine that are hiding there. 1969 Visct. Buckmaster Roundabout ii. 30 We also had to know a Latin description of the rear, which we called Foricas. 1995 L. MacNeice in G. Hekma et al. Gay Men 279 The school lavatories—or the rears, as they were called—consisted of a large shed..open at each end to the wind and rain. ΚΠ 1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters III. x. 125 The heads of the front rank men rested between the feet of their respective ‘rears’. Phrases P1. In prepositional and adverbial phrases. a. in the rear (less frequently in rear): in the hindmost part (of an army, etc.); (hence) at or from the back, behind. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > position at the back > at the back or in the rear [phrase] in (also at) the rearward1402 at the back ofc1430 in rear1602 in the rear1602 in (also at, on) one's rear?1624 in arrear1642 in retard1836 in back1961 1602 R. Byrchensha Discourse sig. D4 Some of his that were falne in the reare, Stroke such a terror in his foremost men, That downe goes armes and weapons in great haste. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. xii. §7. 152 The horse-men..were placed in the flancks, only a troupe of the Eleans were in reare. 1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 70 To leave no enemy in the rear to march after, and so to flank or offend. 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 216 Followed many times by sharp reflections and bitter penances in the rear. 1782 W. Cowper John Gilpin 235 With postboy scampering in the rear, They raised the hue and cry. 1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. vii. 320 One division..was sent to take the stockades in rear, while another..threatened them from the front. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xvii. 280 The women..saw, far in the rear,..a party of men looming up. 1857 C. W. Younghusband Handbk. Field Service 208 If possible to take any enemy in rear, it should be done. 1901 R. Kipling Kim vi. 137 Half a mile in the rear, Kim heard a hoarse and joyful clamour rolling down on him through the thick dust. 1941 Battle of Britain Aug.–Oct. 1940 (Min. of Information) 13 Enemy bomber formations were..protected by a box of fighters, some of which flew slightly above to a flank or in rear,..and..others weaving in and out between the sub-formations of the bombers. 2005 G. Åselius Rise & Fall Soviet Navy iii. ix. 129 The Soviet forces, which were to be concentrated in the GOR with a minor reserve in the rear, were estimated as two battleships, three cruisers, [etc.]. b. in (also at, †within) (the) rear of: at the back of, behind. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > position at the back > at the back of or behind [preposition] afterOE in (also on) the rearward of1591 in (also at, within) (the) rear of1604 on, upon the back (of)1614 back of1694 rearward1778 behind1882 in back ofa1910 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iii. 34 Feare it Ophelia,..And keepe you in the reare of your affection. View more context for this quotation 1642 R. M. Compl. Schoole of Warre sig. A3v Half of the Muskettiers to be in the Reare of the Pikes. a1722 J. Lauder Decisions (1759) I. 14 Ordinarily Mr. Gideon was in the rear of all their [sc. witches'] dances, and beat up those that were slow. 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 13 Slush from the ditch that's in rear of the mountain. 1886 Law Times 81 59/2 The houses were built in 1877. At the rear of them was a 9-inch sewer. 1917 E. R. Burroughs Princess of Mars xvi. 186 I grasped the sill of a second-story window which I thought to be in the rear of her apartment. 1955 W. G. Hardy Alberta Golden Jubilee Anthol. 169 One outrider holds back the team of horses fighting to be on its way. Another throws the stove in the rear of the chuckwagon. 1997 Sunday Times 26 Oct. (Sports section) 16/4 His acceleration..took him from a position at the rear of the field to ease past rivals of the highest class. 2001 B. Howard Virginia Handbk. 87 The grounds at the rear of the mansion have been restored to resemble their colonial appearance. c. (in) front, flank, and rearand variants: in all positions, from all sides. ΚΠ 1616 T. Dekker Artillery Garden sig. D Front, Reare, & File, (whether it Moues or Stands) Being like an Engine, all of Armed hands. 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 47 Yet to give them play front, and reare, it shall be my task to prove that Episcopacy..is not only not agreeable, but tending to the destruction of Monarchy. 1692 E. Hickeringill Good Old Cause in Wks. (1716) II. 512 His Army stood in battalia, ready to fight the Enemy that had beset them Front and Rear. 1720 tr. G. Wishart Compl. Hist. Wars Scotl. 27 Lest being encompassed with so great a number, they should fall on him in the Front, Rear and Flank, he caused his Army to be drawn out. 1792 J. Belknap Foresters x. 131 The snake set up such a hiss as brought a dozen more out of their holes, who attacked the proud murderer in front, rear, and flank, and obliged him to take to his heels for safety. 1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. xxxv. 368 Front, flank, and rear, the squadrons sweep. 1891 A. Austin Human Trag. (ed. 4) i. 54 The muffled mist came trailing up the leas, Hemmed in the landscape, front, and flank, and rear. 1933 Fresno (Calif.) Bee Republican 6 Feb. From every state in the Union comes the startling news that our public schools are being assaulted front, flank and rear. 2006 Newsweek (Nexis) 3 Apr. Two squads of heavily armed troops kept watch, front, rear and flanks, rifles at the ready, and wouldn't let the group linger more than a few minutes in any place. d. in (also at, on) one's rear: at one's back, behind one. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > position at the back > at the back or in the rear [phrase] in (also at) the rearward1402 at the back ofc1430 in rear1602 in the rear1602 in (also at, on) one's rear?1624 in arrear1642 in retard1836 in back1961 ?1624 G. Chapman in tr. Crowne Homers Wks. Ep. Ded. ¶3 In five Battaillions randging all his Men; Bristl'd with Pikes, and flanck't with Flanckers ten; Gaue fire still in his Rere. 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre i. 34 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian They began on both sides.., Vitigis and Belisarius incouraging their men in their Reares. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. vi. 76 His payments may come in on his front, as fast as they go out in his rear. 1758 B. Martin Misc. Corr. (1759) II. 718/1 Behold! they fly with coward fear; See! Fred'rick follows at their rear. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xi. 302 The barbarians, finding it impossible to traverse the Danube and the Roman camp, broke through the posts in their rear, which were more feebly or less carefully guarded. 1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 303 A plan which was impossible, unless Soult should..allow the enemy to get in his rear. 1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. v. 125 The huge mountain range which rose on their rear, and cut off their return. 1903 G. C. Lee True Hist. Civil War xiii. 338 Lee discovered that his communication with Richmond was threatened by the Union army at his rear. 1938 Foreign Service Feb. 12/3 The evening was quiet. For several hours the heavy Skodas had been firing ranging shots, but their targets were far in our rear. 1993 German Stud. Rev. 16 142 Halder certainly had no wish to undertake major operations in the eastern Mediterranean that were dependent on sea communications and that had an undefeated Russia lurking in their rear. 2006 P. Groenendijk & P. Vollard Archit. Guide Netherlands 427/2 All shops take in stock from a service road at their rear. P2. In verbal phrases. a. to bring up (also close) the rear: to come last in order. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow behind [verb (intransitive)] > come last to bring up (also close) the rear1613 to close the rearward1613 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > precede or follow in order [verb (intransitive)] > come last in order to bring up (also close) the rear1613 to close the rearward1613 1613 R. Dallington Aphorismes Ciuill & Militarie 279 Knowledge, Valour, Foresight, and Authority, leade on the Van-gard of their actions with small successe, except Fortune bring vp the Reare. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §58 My desires onely are..to be but the last man, and bring up the Rere in Heaven. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 429 The warlike Aids of Horta next appear, And the cold Nursians come to close the Reer. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 17 May (1965) I. 357 The rear was clos'd by the Volunteers. 1743 A. Pope Dunciad (rev. ed.) i. 308 Let Bawdry, Billingsgate..Support his front, and Oaths bring up the rear. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. iii. 25 As the floods were not yet subsided, we were obliged to hire a guide, who trotted on before, Mr. Burchell and I bringing up the rear. 1810 Splendid Follies I. 170 Miss Betty brought up the rear in a robe of transparent japan. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xiv. 98 Lauener was in front,..while I brought up the rear. 1898 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 504/1 The plant-droppers went ahead,..the main transplanting body followed,..and the waterer brought up the rear. 1938 Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Jan. 39/1 The woodwork follows—roofs, benches, pulpits; and then scratch-dials and aumbries, mural paintings and windows bring up the rear. 1990 A. C. Amor William Holman Hunt (new ed.) i. 23 George Jones..led the procession. Turner..brought up the rear. 2006 G. Tindal et al. Building Fluency 57 The oldest wolf took the first step... Then the other four wolf brothers trotted up the ladder, and Coyote brought up the rear. ΚΠ 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre ii. 61 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Whom he directed..to get the Reare of them, and to follow at their backs. 1699 R. Cromwell Let. 25 Feb. in Eng. Hist. Rev. 13 (1898) 117 I will endeavour what I can to get the rear of her for when shee roars shee maks a terrible noise. c. to hang on (also upon) someone's rear: to follow closely, in order to attack when the opportunity arises. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [verb (intransitive)] > other manoeuvres shog1650 to hang on (also upon) someone's rear1667 incline1676 debouch1760 feint1854 leap-frog1920 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 78 When the fierce Foe hung on our brok'n Rear Insulting. View more context for this quotation 1692 T. Fletcher Poems Several Occasions 99 The prevailing Trojans there pursue The flying Greeks; the Trojans flying here, And fierce Achilles hanging on the Rear. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. (1817) I. iii. 209 A body of the enemy hung upon their rear. 1787 J. Barlow Vision of Columbus iii. 118 Sudden, the savage bands collect amain, Hang on the rear and sweep them o'er the plain. 1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose ix, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. IV. 212 In case he should come to action.., he might be placed between two fires by this third army, which, at a secure distance, was to hang upon his rear. 1884 Graphic 6 Aug. 159/1 A Lancashire army of quite as great dimensions would be able to hang on his rear. 1914 Times 16 Nov. 10/4 All that day and the next the Sixth Division, which had relieved the Cavalry at Klip Drift, hung upon his rear. Compounds C1. a. With the sense ‘towards the rear’. rear-directed adj. ΚΠ 1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 147 Trusting in flight and rear-directed shafts. 1992 H. L. Hartman et al. SME Mining Engin. Handbk. (ed. 2) I. xi. 1005/2 Tests have shown dramatic decreases in the number of frictional ignitions on shearer drums with the use of rear-directed water sprays. 2003 R. B. Waterhouse Microstrip Patch Antennas vi. 306 The concepts for cancellation of rear directed radiation..are applied to dual polarized antennas. rear-facing adj. ΚΠ 1889 New York Rep. 114 612 The two rear facing seats were not full at the time in question. 1962 Music Educators Jrnl. 49 76/1 The purpose for the rear facing bell was to send the music back to the army behind them. 2004 T. E. M. Bird What Herald Angels Sang 534 Gideon gurgled to her from his rear-facing infant carrier. b. With the sense ‘from the rear’. (a) rear-drive adj. and n. ΚΠ 1904 A. L. Dyke Anat. Automobile 441 The rear drive of Type VIII is a combination bevel and spur gear device, with a spur compensating gear. 1972 Country Life 26 Oct. 1060/3 The rack and pinion steering is responsive yet without quite the feel of a rear-drive car. 1998 Automotive Engineer June 27/2 Like its rivals..32-valve V8 LS have classic rear drive and bristle with high-technology features. 2005 Car & Driver Aug. 103/3 The major problem with rear drive for a chassis-replacement camera car is the on-camera vehicle buck. rear-driven adj. now historical ΚΠ 1889 Chambers's Encycl. (new ed.) III. 638/2 The types of machines in current use are the ordinary bicycle, the dwarf rear-driven safety bicycle or some modification thereof, the front-steered tricycle, [etc.]. 1971 National Geographic Jan. 21 Java's tricycle taxis—rear-driven pedicabs called betjaks—also haul freight through city streets. 1994 N. Clayton Early Bicycles (Shire Album No. 173) 14/2 After 1885, the runaway success of the Rover rear-driven safeties began to affect the sales of Ordinaries. rear-driving adj. ΚΠ 1887 Times 5 Sept. 7/4 The section should be mounted, if possible, upon machines of one type, the preference being given to rear-driving safety bicycles. 1896 A. Sharp Bicycles & Tricycles xiv. 156 A ‘Geared Facile’ rear-driving bicycle, the usual sun-and-planet gear being modified to suit the altered conditions. 1994 N. Clayton Early Bicycles (Shire Album No. 173) 27/1 With the introduction of rear-driving safety bicycles in about 1886 came the safety (oil) head lamp. rear entry n. and adj. ΚΠ 1852 L. F. Allen Rural Archit. v. 139 From the rear entry opens a door to the kitchen, passing by the rear chamber stairs. 1995 Daily Mail Holiday Action Summer 37/1 The company which pioneered rear-entry boots when it entered the market in 1979 has finally consigned them to the scrap heap. 1999 J. Burchill Married Alive xiii. 189 They think it's smart to come up behind you and suggest rear-entry sex. 2000 Pop. Sci. Aug. 85/1 A rear entry that is capped by a lifting, sloping glass cover and a pickup-style tailgate. rear-lit adj. ΚΠ 1961 20th Century Feb. 124 Rear-lit cloths become more common [in the theatre]. 1995 W. Barfield & T. A. Furness Virtual Environm. xiv. 560 The large rear-lit projection screen allows an extremely wide field of view for augmented-reality applications. 2003 E. Ziter Orient on Victorian Stage 19 The use of rear-lit transparencies, colored plates and gauze, and panoramic pictures in this show all precipitated later practice. rear steering adj. and n. ΚΠ 1883 H. Sturmey Tricyclists' Indispensable Ann. 130 This machine is a rear steering double driver, of somewhat better design than usual. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 559/2 The evil of rear-steering is only reduced, not removed. 1991 V. A. W. Hillier Fund. Motor Vehicle Technol. (ed. 4) iv. 332 Honda uses mechanical rear steering whereas the Mazda arrangement has a rear ‘gearbox’ that is both power-assisted and electronically controlled. 2004 D. G. Wilson & J. Papadopoulos Bicycling Sci. (ed. 3) viii. 304 Rear steering would make the rear contact the more controllable one, but a rear-steering bicycle is nearly impossible to ride fast. (b) rear-illuminate v. ΚΠ 1970 Nature 19 Dec. 1217/1 A number of test-areas in the form of circular holes in a metal plate are uniformly rear-illuminated to a supra-threshold luminance. 1992 C. S. Vikram Particle Field Hologr. xi. 233 The retroreflector is used to rear illuminate the scene volume and a large aperture relay lens brings the scene closer to the recording plane. rear-light v. ΚΠ 1974 G. Millerson Basic TV Staging 125 Rear-lighting the scrim increases overall mistiness and silhouettes any details on its surface. 2005 S. C. Biesen Blackout v. 133 A silhouetted couple meeting in jail, rear-lit via a single barred window. rear-project v. ΚΠ 1973 Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. 122 255 The stimuli..were rear-projected onto a 27·9 cm2 opaque glass screen. 1997 R. Pillbrow Stage Lighting Design vi. 101 Most ingeniously, another battery of projectors could rear-project on the ‘wall’ surrounding them. 2005 R. Morton King Kong ii. 40 The main challenge..was to develop an acceptable screen on which to rear project the image. c. With the sense ‘at the rear’. rear-engined adj. ΚΠ 1930 Automobile Engineer Oct. 353/2 Activity in connection with the rear-engined car of streamline type is to-day more widespread than the majority of automobile engineers and designers would have anticipated. 1976 P. R. White Planning for Public Transport iii. 56 The higher maintenance costs and poorer availability of the rear-engined models. 2005 Daily Tel. 23 Nov. 23/2 Who, apart from a rear-engined, front-booted Volkswagen Beetle owner, would want to reverse into a supermarket parking space? rear-mounted adj. ΚΠ 1908 J. B. Davidson & L. W. Chase Farm Machinery & Farm Motors xxi. 452 When the boiler is rear-mounted it is obvious that more of the weight is thrown upon the front wheels, which act as a guide, than when the boiler is side-mounted. 1975 Drive New Year 102/2 The protesting chatter from the air-cooled rear-mounted engine is more a symptom of asthma than mechanical stress. 2003 Which? May 20/2 For many rear-mounted and tow ball carriers, you also need to buy a trailer board to display lights and number plate. C2. rear commodore n. (also with capital initials) a person holding the rank below vice commodore, esp. in a yacht club. ΚΠ 1817 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 319/2 As the Commodore advances..to the rank of Rear-Admiral, so shall..the Rear-Commodore become Vice-Commodore, and the Sub-Commodore become Rear-Commodore. 1841 Sporting Rev. Sept. 210 Rear Commodore Captain Bulkeley..sailed for Cowes on Wednesday, where the Cynthia contends for the Queen's Cup, on the 17th. 2006 R. J. Hutto Their Gilded Cage 21 Barron..was elected rear commodore of the Seawanhaka and Corinthian Yacht Clubs. rear crew n. U.S. the group of loggers that manages the rear of a log drive, freeing stranded logs to rejoin the main stream. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > transport of logs > one who rafter1741 driver1825 river-driver1825 rear crew1851 loadera1862 skidder1870 floater1889 river hog1902 river rat1905 boom-man1908 river pig1908 rearing crew1944 1851 J. S. Springer Forest Life & Forest Trees iii. ii. 161 The rear crew, on coming up, stimulated by the prank, knock away the props, and throw it down. 1902 S. E. White in McClure's Mag. Sept. 418/1 Men in the rear crew had to see that every last log got into the current. 1977 T. F. Waters Streams & Rivers Minnesota xii. 205 At the tail of the drive was the rear crew.., prodding and pulling stray logs out of flood-inundated swamps back into the main current. rear cut n. attributive designating a mower having a cutting bar in the rear of its carriage. ΚΠ 1871 Coshocton (Ohio) Age 12 May 3/5 (advt.) We have the choice of all first-class Reapers and Mowers—front cut with Dropper and rear cut with Dropper and Self-Rake—which is worthy the attention of the Farmer. a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1488/1 Another distinction..is the position of the cutter-bar in point of degree of advancement relatively to the driving-wheels. These positions are known as front-cut, center-cut, rear-cut; that is, before the driving-wheel, even with the axle, rearward of the driving-wheel. 1944 Chillicothe (Missouri) Constit.-Tribune 7 July 7/2 (advt.) Rear Cut Agriculture Mower for Ford tractor with Fergson System. rear driver n. (originally) a bicycle driven by means of the rear wheel; a motor vehicle in which the engine provides power to the rear wheels. ΚΠ 1887 Eng. Mechanic & World of Sci. 1 Apr. 113/3 If some such driving gear were fitted to a rear-driver, the wheels could be brought in 5in. or 6in. closer together, and therefore the handles..5in. or 6in. nearer the seat. 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 288/2 Osmond at his best on the Ordinary was riding when the rear-driver began to establish itself as a racing cycle. 1993 J. Forester Effective Cycling (ed. 6) vi. 72 Lawson's next bicycle design, in 1879, was a chain-driven, geared-up, rear-driver ‘safety’, which was the obvious precursor of the modern safety bicycle. 2002 D. Alexander High Perf. Handling Handbk. iv. 51/3 A front driver has a bigger problem than a rear driver because weight transfer during acceleration is off the front tires. rear echelon n. Military (in later use chiefly U.S., freq. depreciative) the section of a military unit located farthest from active combat; esp. one concerned with support or administrative duties; cf. REMF n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > administration and supply branches baggage1603 field train1692 Corps of Wagoners1802 wagon-corps1810 subsistence department1820 baggage-train1841 rear echelon1852 Control Department1867 Army Service Corps1869 A.S.C.1871 pay corps1876 Q1916 echelon1922 1852 H. Jervis-White-Jervis Man. Field Operations ii. ii. 256 The men, when near the enemy, should be divided into two or three sections, which should..echelon one another; the worst mounted men being placed in the rear echelon. 1917 Chicago Tribune 18 Aug. 4/2 In the irresistible assault the foremost enemy troops were overpowered and his rear echelons were thrown back. 2004 New Yorker 8 Mar. 66/2 Field soldier-medics like Brown and Blohm get the same level of training that used to be reserved for rear-echelon sergeant-medics. rear gunner n. a member of the crew of a military aircraft who operates a gun from a compartment or turret at the rear of the aircraft. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > airman > [noun] > aircrew with specific duties observer1870 strafer1915 air gunner1916 air bomber1918 gunner1918 rear gunner1918 bombardier1932 bomb-aimer1935 tail gunner1939 tail-end Charlie1941 arse-end Charlie1942 waist-gunner1942 spotter pilot1944 1918 Washington Post 22 May 1/3 Guynemer used his regular tactics and the enemy waited until he was within range. The rear gunner then appeared at the top rear porthole. 1944 ‘N. Shute’ Pastoral i. 3 He had developed into a very good rear-gunner in the Wimpey. 2004 A. Levy Small Island xxvii. 296 Arthur looked up at me and winked. It was meant only for me but nothing could get past this RAF man—he was a rear-gunner, after all. rear lamp n. = rear light n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > other exterior lights side lamp1780 brake light1853 running light1863 spotlight1875 rear lamp1884 spotlamp1900 sidelight1906 parking lamp1926 parking light1927 reversing lamp1927 stop light1930 pass light1938 pass lamp1948 stop lamp1959 parker1967 1884 N.Y. Times 5 May 5/2 Both the front and rear lamps of a street car went out for want of oil. 1892 A. M. Wellington et al. Compar. Merits Var. Syst. Car Lighting 269 (note) Conductor and porter said rear lamp in coach did not work well before leaving Savannah. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 17 Sept. 4/2 When the compulsory carrying of rear-lamps has been suggested the proposal has always been violently resisted. 1992 Car Feb. 33/1 A five door hatch with a big heavy tailgate, full-width rear lamps and a third side window. 2003 Orig. MGA 83 (caption) The 1600-type rear lamp and separate flashing indicator on the larger plinth, found on the 1500 and early Twin Cam. rear light n. a (usually red) light at the rear of a vehicle to serve as a warning in the dark (often one of a pair). ΚΠ 1860 Janesville (Wisconsin) Democrat 28 Sept. The passenger train was behind time and had no rear light, while the regulations always require a red light to be displayed at the rear of the train. 1918 A. Quiller-Couch Foe-Farrell iii. 54 The car purred and glided away... We watched the rearlight turn the corner. 2001 B. R. Rogers & S. Rogers Adventure Guide Chesapeake Bay 464 Bikes must have a white light on the front... A rear light, while not required, must be visible for 500 feet if used. ΚΠ 1846 E. Plunkett Past & Future Brit. Navy ix. 143 No. 1., who has been warned to ‘spring up to the safety position on the left’, does it so effectually, as to make ‘a cannon’ off the left rear-man, and pocket himself down the hatchway. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 227 The two men whose numbers place them farthest from the ship's side [in working a gun] are to be termed right, and left rear-men. c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 12 Who places the inclined planes? The rear-man. rear pillar n. (in a vehicle) the hindmost pillar (see pillar n. 5c). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > frame or chassis > vertical frame members pillar1907 rear pillar1922 1922 Lincoln (Nebraska) State Jrnl. 27 Aug. 2 d/1 There is a dome light that operates from a switch control on the rear pillar. 1995 M. Lawrence et al. Which? Guide Home Safety & Security iii. 158 Even if a car does not have a full set of seat-belts, they are easy enough to install... Most have the mounting points already built in under the seat cushion and in the rear pillar. 2005 R. Ackerson Ford F-150 Pickup i. 9 The F-150 design team opted for a hinge hidden in the cab's rear pillar. rear projection n. = back projection n. at back- comb. form 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > projection > [noun] projection1687 screen image1876 show1897 front projection1910 rear projection1913 back projection1933 projecting1959 1913 Frederick (Maryland) Post 6 Nov. 3/4 Investigators in the motion picture world are interested highly in..the application for a patent on a device designed to show motion pictures on show windows by means of rear projection, in darkness or daylight. 1960 Pract. Wireless 36 316/2 A team of demonstrators who operated the sequence of exhibit animations, rear projection films and synchronised sound and provided a live commentary. 1993 Electronic House Dec. 2/1 This home theater with a 52-inch rear projection TV from RCA, Dolby ProLogic audio/video receiver, laser disc player, VCR, and speakers costs just $5,596. rearsight n. (a) the rearmost of the two sights on a gun; = backsight n. 2 (cf. foresight n. 5); (b) the back part of a camera viewfinder. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > view-finder rearsight1831 finder1862 viewfinder1883 sports finder1938 1831 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. Jan. 13 To aim at an object close at hand, the top of the front sight has only to be brought into one with the bottom of the rear sight. 1941 J. W. Bagley Aerophotogr. & Aerosurv. ii. 19 To equip the camera for oblique photography a rear sight consisting of a bead is mounted on a face of the magazine, and a front sight consisting of a negative lens is attached to the cone. 1971 Amateur Photogr. 13 Jan. 50/3 The rearsight is quite large, has a permanently attached rubber eye-cup and is adjustable between +1 to −4 dioptres to suit individual eyesight. 2005 Halifax (Nova Scotia) Daily News (Nexis) 13 Feb. (You section) 4 When the .22 Smith & Wesson is ready to fire, I try to look through the foresight and rearsight and take aim. rear-steerer n. now rare a bicycle or tricycle steered from the back. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > bicycle > other types of bicycle forty-four1821 roadster1875 rear-steerer1882 pneumatic1890 path-racer1896 featherweight1901 free-wheeler1908 fairy cycle1920 superbike1935 sit-up-and-beg1939 bakfiets1956 high-riser1965 all-terrain cycle1970 chopper1971 mountain bike1972 shopper1973 mixte1975 BMX1978 cruiser1978 ojek1983 boda boda1995 e-bike1998 fixie2001 ghost bike2004 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > tricycle > types of rantoone1864 rear-steerer1882 sociable1882 box-tricycle1894 bakfiets1956 social cycle1961 1882 Wheel World Mar. 185 [Tricycles.] Two rear-steerers... A front-steerer. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 559 Single-driving rear-steerers were at this time [sc. 1877] very common. 1899 Daily Iowa State Press 17 Nov. 7/4 The rifle is carried on this rear-steerer in a horizontal position in front of the rider. rear-wheel drive n. and adj. (a) n. a transmission system that provides power to the rear wheels of a motor vehicle; cf. front-wheel drive at front n. Compounds 2; (b) adj. designating a car possessing this. ΚΠ 1903 Horseless Age 28 Jan. 160/1 The rear wheel drive is by universal joint and gears to a live axle. 1959 Times 26 Aug. 10/4 The cars are indistinguishable from a rear-wheel drive car in the way they handle. 1989 Farm Jrnl. Oct. b30/3 Is rear-wheel drive necessary? ‘No, but it helps on turns and in wet conditions’, says Stroman. 2003 Backwoods Home Mag. Jan.–Feb. 75/1 How you get out of a skid depends on..whether your car is front-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive. rear yard n. = backyard n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > courtyard > [noun] > (back or front) yard yardOE backside1450 stead1546 outyard1600 lot1657 backyard1659 outlet1667 area1712 back lot1714 backlet1724 door-yardc1764 front yard1767 rear yard1800 tenement yard1874 sitooterie1994 1800 Massachusetts Spy 17 Dec. 3/1 The front and rear yards are 80 feet by 280 feet. 1937 Amer. Home Apr. 39/1 To create such a spot was our desire when we moved into our little home and began the landscaping of the rear yard. 2007 Irish Examiner (Nexis) 13 Oct. There's a communal and neighbourly open area to the front of the south-facing cottages..and individual rear yards. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rearv.1 I. To set up on end; to cause to stand up. 1. a. transitive. To bring (a thing) to or towards a vertical position; to set up or upright; = raise v.1 5. Also reflexive.Frequently with suggestion of senses 10 or 14, and now usually implying a considerable height in the thing when raised. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > vertical position > make vertical [verb (transitive)] > make upright or erect rearOE rightOE to set upa1225 raisea1250 upreara1300 risea1400 to dress upc1400 stand?a1425 upsetc1440 dress1490 to stick up1528 arrect1530 erect1557 prick1566 upright1590 mounta1616 OE Genesis A (1931) 1675 Ceastre worhton and to heofnum up hlædræ rærdon. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 8714 Þeos stanes heo..ladden..in ann velde..on-uæst Ambres-burie..Mærlin heom gon ræren [c1300 reare] alse heo stoden ærer. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 466 (MED) Brut..let vair tabernacle in honur of him rere. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 455 Þe place þere Oswaldus knelede and rerede [?a1475 anon. tr. made; L. erexerat] a crosse..hatte Hevenfild. c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) 2658 (MED) Thai rered the Galowes in haste. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 687/2 It is a great deale longer than one wolde have thought it afore it was reared up. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxix. sig. I j v Fixing on the dimetient thereof two sightes perpendicularly reared. 1607 M. Drayton Legend Cromwel 40 The corne..being once downe it selfe can neuer reare. 1688 M. Prior Ode Exod. iii. 14 108 That Ladder which old Jacob rear'd. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xi. 3 At once the mast we rear, at once unbind The spacious sheet. 1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall xxvi. 225 The May-pole was reared on the green. 1885 R. L. Stevenson & F. Stevenson Squire of Dames in More New Arabian Nights 61 Scarce was the ladder reared to its full length than he had sprung already on the rounds. 1931 A. Uttley Country Child vi. 74 Any day now she would find long ladders reared against the trees. 1966 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 25 223/2 The component members of each transverse frame are laid out.., and finally each complete frame is reared up, rotating on the cruck feet, into its vertical position. 2006 Lincolnshire Echo (Nexis) 18 July 34 First officer Gosling had a narrow escape from injury when climbing a ladder reared against the blazing building. b. intransitive. To rise up towards a vertical position or into the air; to rise high, to tower.(Agriculture) of the slice of earth turned up by the mouldboard of the plough. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > rise or go up [verb (intransitive)] styc825 astyc950 ariseOE upstyOE to step upOE upcomec1000 to come upOE to go upOE upwendc1200 runge?c1225 amountc1275 upgoa1325 heavec1325 uparise1340 ascend1382 higha1393 lifta1400 risea1400 skilla1400 uprisea1400 raisec1400 rearc1400 surmount1430 to get upc1450 transcenda1513 springa1525 upmounta1560 assurge?1567 hove1590 surgea1591 tower1618 hoist1647 upheave1649 to draw up1672 spire1680 insurrect1694 soar1697 upsoar1726 uprear1828 higher1889 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > become high(er) [verb (intransitive)] astyc950 arisec1225 rise?a1400 rearc1400 heighten1567 stem1577 upclimb1582 taper1589 clamber?1611 shoot1648 relevate1661 ascend1667 spring1673 spear1822 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 366 (MED) Þe mukel lavande loghe to þe lyfte rered. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 423 (MED) Ofte hit [sc. the ark] roled on rounde and rered on ende. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xv Let the husbande..plowe a brode forowe and a depe..and ley it flat that it rere nat on the edge. 1790 W. Marshall Agric. Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Midland Counties II. 441 Rear, to rise up before the plow, as the furrows sometimes do in plowing. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. xxxviii. 2 The loftiest steeple that now rears proudly up from the midst of guilt. 1881 Scribner's Mag. Aug. 532/2 If a wind on the beam is so strong as to make her either slide or ‘rear up’ too much. 1926 Travel Nov. 30/2 The mountains are clothed smokily with pine, ocote, and, like a woman in a gauze rebozo, they rear in a rich blue fume that is almost cornflower blue in the clefts. 1948 A. Paton Cry, Beloved Country i. iv. 24 A great iron structure rearing into the air, and a great wheel above it. 1993 D. Coyle Hardball iii. v. 147 Maurice reared and threw, and the batter..lofted a pop-up toward second base. 2. To cause to rise. a. transitive. To rouse from bed or sleep; = raise v.1 1a. Now English regional.In quot. OE in figurative context. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > wake or rouse [verb (transitive)] > summon or force to get out of bed rearOE raisec1175 call1570 to rouse out1825 to shout (a person) up, out of bed- OE Riddle 3 73 Saga hwæt ic [i.e. the wind] hatte, oþþe hwa mec rære, þonne ic restan ne mot. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 77 We..bidden þat he..weche us of ure heuie slape and rere us of ure fule lust bedde. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxxi. 26 Therfore as fro slep I am rered. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 188 (MED) Þe freke..bede hym ferk vp, Þer Ragnel in his rakentes hym rere of his dremes. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) (1893) iii. 1364 (MED) Alle-maner comforte here doo we lak That shuld ȝow rere; therfore I charge yow, ffal no more in swiche-maner swow. 1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall iii. sig. O.ii He rearde the sickman from his bed, Syr (quod he) houlde it fast Or els no doubte, those will haue all. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Rear, to rouse; to disturb. b. transitive. To rouse or dislodge (a hunted animal, spec. a boar) from a lair, covert, etc.; = raise v.1 1b. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > drive from lair or cover starta1393 raisec1425 to put upa1475 rear1486 uprear1486 to start out1519 rouse1531 uncouch?a1562 to den outa1604 dislodge1632 tufta1640 draw1781 jump1836 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. eiiii (MED) Whiche beestis shall be reride with the lymer. 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xl. 115 Beating and following vntill they haue reared and found the Harte againe. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 10 Rearing with shoutcry soom boare. 1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation i. 5 To couch and rear a Boar. 1685 J. Dryden tr. Horace Epode ii, in Sylvæ sig. K7 Into the naked Woods he goes And seeks the tusky Boar to rear. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 174 When the boar is rear'd, as is the expression for driving him from his covert. 1846 W. Youatt Pig (1847) iv. 37 When first the animal was ‘reared’, he contented himself with slowly going away. 1938 T. H. White Sword in Stone xvi. 237 The lymers which had reared the boar—the proper word for dislodging—were allowed to pursue him to make them keen on their work. a. transitive. To raise from the dead; = raise v.1 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > resurrection or revival > [verb (transitive)] quickOE arearc1000 raisec1175 reara1325 upraisec1340 quickena1382 again-raisec1384 araisea1400 resuscea1400 revokea1413 recovera1425 revivec1425 suscitec1430 resuscite?c1450 risea1500 relive?1526 to call againa1529 resuscitate1532 requicken1576 refetch1599 reanimate1611 reinspire1611 reinanimatea1631 recreate1631 revivify1631 redivive1634 revivificate1660 resurrection1661 resurrect1773 re-embody1791 revivicate1798 re-energize1803 resurrectionize1804 revitalize1869 reimpress1883 a1325 (?c1300) Northern Passion (Cambr. Gg.1.1) 93 (MED) Wan he had þat lazre rerid, Þar for was he muchil ipreisid. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 461 Iulianus..rered þre men fro deth to lyve. a1450 Lessons of Dirige (Digby) 311 in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 117 (MED) Þou þat rered Lazar on hyȝt Out of þe graue..Þy pauylon of mercy be on hem pyȝt. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xlix. 201 (MED) Take ȝe that dede body..ȝif that to lyve he rere him Ageyn, thanne ben they [sc. the gods] myhty In Certein. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 31 (MED) He heleth the blynde and he reryþ to lyve the dede. 1572 R. Harrison tr. L. Lavater Of Ghostes iii. i. 179 [Saule] sought help of a witch to reare Samuel from the dead. 1676 tr. H. C. Agrippa Vanity Arts & Sci. xliv. 113 By their powerful Charms dead bodies rear'd From out their Graves in open Air appear'd. b. transitive. To raise (a person) to (also out of, or from) a certain condition. Cf. raise v.1 19, 18. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > reform, amend, or correct [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person raisec1175 chastya1240 amenda1275 chastisec1330 reara1382 revokec1384 redressc1390 reclaima1393 reducec1425 reform1477 reclaim?a1505 emendc1542 claim1546 reduct1548 save1857 decriminalize1963 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxxii. 19 Þe lord sawȝ & to wraþþe was rered [a1425 L.V. stirid; L. concitatus]. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 14 (MED) Be hir prayeres Austyn is now rered fro his seknesse. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 145 (MED) I am it þat rere to helth hem þat morneþ. c1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xxxiv. ix God shall him to safety reare, When most he seemes opprest. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. i. sig. Cc6 Their Ladye..They reard out of her frosen swownd. 1624 F. Quarles Iob Militant sig. H2v Then doubt not, but he'l reare thee from thy sorrow. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > exciting > excite [verb (transitive)] astirc1000 stir?c1225 araisec1374 entalentc1374 flamec1380 reara1382 raisec1384 commove1393 kindlea1400 fluster1422 esmove1474 talent1486 heavec1540 erect?1555 inflame1560 to set on gog1560 yark1565 tickle1567 flesh1573 concitate1574 rouse1574 warmc1580 agitate1587 spirit1598 suscitate1598 fermentate1599 nettle1599 startle1602 worka1616 exagitate1621 foment1621 flush1633 exacuatea1637 ferment1667 to work up1681 pique1697 electrify1748 rattle1781 pump1791 to touch up1796 excite1821 to key up1835 to steam up1909 jazz1916 steam1922 volt1930 whee1949 to fire up1976 geek1984 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) 1 Esdras i. 1 The lord rerede the spirit of Ciri, king of Persis. a1425 (?a1400) Benjamin Minor (Harl. 674) in P. Hodgson Deonise hid Diuinite (1955) 24 (MED) Þees..ben ful needful..to rere up oure wille in worching of good. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 40v (MED) Þe malancolie..schulde rere vp þe stomakis appetit, as doiþ stiptik and acetous þingis. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. FFviiv Therfore reare vp thy corage & shewe thy manhode. 1632 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 4) ii. ii. iv. iii. 294 A roaring-meg against Melancholy, to reare and reuiue the languishing Soule. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. i. ii. ii New strength my vitals doth invade And rear again, that earst began to fade. a1677 I. Barrow Pract. Disc. (1712) iii. 127 To retrieve a defloured Modesty,..to supple a callous Heart, to settle a baffled Reason, to rear a dejected Courage. b. transitive. To rouse up for common action; = raise v.1 4. Also with up. Now English regional. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > stir up or rouse up > for the purpose of a common action raisec1384 rear1460 1460 W. Paston & T. Playter in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 162 The Kyng cometh to London ward, and..rereth the pepyll as he com. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 2905 (MED) Hanybald..made a hidouse cry..& rerid vp al þe town. c1470 tr. R. D'Argenteuil's French Bible (Cleveland) (1977) 49 (MED) One of hem rerid the peple ayens þat oþir. 1864 W. Barnes Gloss. Dorset Dial. Rear,..to rouse; to excite. 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Rear,..rally, bring up. 1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. lviii. 272 There are sixteen of us on the Plain, and the whole county is reared. 5. transitive. To mould (pastry) into a piecrust with raised edges; to form (a piecrust) from pastry; = raise v.1 5b. Now English regional. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing pastry, biscuits, or cake > prepare pastry, biscuits, or cake [verb (transitive)] > set up without dish reara1475 raise1594 a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 34 (MED) Take floure and rere þo cofyns fyne, Wele stondande withouten stine. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. ii. 187 Of the paste a coffen I will reare . View more context for this quotation 1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes (1640) iv. ii. 52 [The Master-Cooke] Rears bulwark pies, and for his outerworkes He raiseth Ramparts of immortall crust.] 1882 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (at cited word) I've rendered the best lard an' the midgen-lard, an' reared four an' twenty pies, beside a batch of apple-fit—an' got i' the oven. 1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. 189 Rear, to raise, on moulds, the paste for meat pies. If the paste be badly made, it gives way and loses its shape. 6. a. intransitive. Of an animal, esp. a horse: to rise up, usually on the hind legs. Also with up, and transitive (reflexive or with it). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > rise up on the hind legs rampc1390 rear1487 risea1500 rare1833 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > rear mounta1425 arearc1430 rear1487 risea1500 to stand upon no ground1580 volt1688 stend1786 the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (transitive)] > rear up stend1567 rear1591 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (reflexive)] > rear rear1761 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xiv. 69 Hobynis, that war stekit thar, Rerit [1489 Adv. Relyt] and flang. 1566 T. Blundeville Arte of Rydynge (rev. ed.) Table sig. B.iii, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe How to correct that horse that will reare right vp when he is corrected for anye fault wyth a sticke vppon the head. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 237 Eftsoones the Ape himselfe gan up to reare. 1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Cv Sometime he trots,..Anon he reres vpright, curuets, and leaps. View more context for this quotation 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Cabrer, to reare, or stand vpright on the hinder feet;..as a Goat, or Kid that brouses on a tree. 1629 J. Gaule Distractions 92 How he reares in the Necke. 1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xxxvi. 167 Let me beg of you, like an unback'd filly,..to jump it, to rear it, to bound it. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 211 A rattle-snake..reared up, bit his hand, and shook his rattles. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xv. 164 He [sc. a bear] will rear himself upon his hind-legs. 1870 R. W. Emerson Society & Solitude 231 When he began to rear, they were so frightened that they could not see the horse. 1938 Life 4 Apr. 26 (caption) Ringmaster of the circus is Fred Bradna, here shown training a horse to rear properly. 1992 A. McConnell Quantum Leap iv. 66 The pony gave a screech of its own, reared, and crashed into the fence, breaking three boards and sending a post into a crazy lean. b. transitive. To cause (a horse) to rear. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > cause to rear rear1685 1685 C. Cotton tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. I. xlviii. 560 Cleaving him down with a Scyth betwixt the Shoulders, as the Horse was rear'd up upon his Master. 1814 R. Southey Roderick xxv. 318 He raised his hand, and rear'd, and back'd the steed. 1818 H. H. Milman Samor in Poet. Wks. (1840) II. xi. 260 Emrys struck His courser's reeking flanks, his weapon huge Rear'd Vortimer, and Malwyn's wheels 'gan whirl. 1995 New Yorker 5 June 95/2 At one point, he even has to rear his horse and wave, like the Lone Ranger: it's the medieval equivalent of doing a wheelie on your first motorbike. ΚΠ 1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 269 Earth rear off her cities As a horse his rider. 7. a. transitive. To raise or lift (the body, limbs, etc.). Also with up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise [verb (transitive)] rear?1567 ?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter lv. 158 He rearde hys handes: agaynst hys frendes. 1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. H4 He sits him downe in sack-cloathes, his hands..reared to heauen. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. ii. 34 Helpe Lords, the King is dead. Som. Rere vp his Body, wring him by the Nose. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 221 Forthwith upright he rears from off the Pool His mighty Stature. View more context for this quotation 1705 R. Blackmore Eliza x. 296 He did his vast Gigantick Shoulders reer Above the Host, and tow'ring in the Air, Did a tall, walking Obelisk appear. 1757 W. Wilkie Epigoniad v. 142 His crooked form he rear'd, With horror pale, with blotting clay besmear'd. 1811 P. B. Shelley St. Irvyne ii. 50 Her skeleton form the dead Nun rear'd. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 41 The babe, who rear'd his creasy arms. 1992 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 30 Apr. (Zone North section) 8 The worms..have the curious habit of rearing their bodies when disturbed to appear menacing to predators. 2006 G. Tucker in L. Standiford Miami Noir i. 65 He reared his arm straight back and brought it down hard as he could, and the dart snapped forward. b. transitive. To lift (a person) to or towards an erect or standing posture; to set on one's feet, assist to rise. Also reflexive: to get up on one's feet, to rise up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise [verb (reflexive)] risec1175 arearc1220 right?c1225 to do up?c1335 dressa1400 raisec1450 to stand up1533 rearc1580 upend1900 the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise [verb (transitive)] > set upright raisea1300 rearc1580 c1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David iii. iii I laid me downe and slept,..And safe from sleepe I rear'd me. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. H3v He found the meanes that Prisoner vp to reare, Whose feeble thighes..Him scarse to light could beare. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 758 Till gently reard By th' Angel, on thy feet thou stoodst at last. View more context for this quotation 1772 W. Jones Poems 37 The matron with surprize her daughter rears. 1849 ‘T. Treddlehoyle’ Bairnsla Foaks' Ann. (E.D.D.) 50 Nelly wor rear'd wi hur back ageean t'cellar door. 1859 B. Brierley in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) V. 62/1 Wi reart th' owd lad in a corner. 1900 L. B. Walford One of Ourselves xiv A tall figure reared itself upright at her approach. a1978 M. Bell Compl. Poems (1988) 55 Each November, Ferdy the Headmaster Reared himself squat and rolled his eyeballs upward, Rolled the whole roll-call off an oily tongue, Remorselessly from A to Z. 1999 D. Morrissey Kit's Law (2001) xxii. 248 The sound of my voice..would startle her, and she'd rear out of the chair and wallop me across the face. 2007 Independent (Nexis) 19 Jan. (Extra section) 14 She throws her stick away, fury straightening the witch's lame leg, and rears herself up. 8. a. intransitive. Originally and chiefly U.S. Of a person: to stand up suddenly, esp. in anger (cf. sense 6a). Also in extended use: to rouse oneself to action, esp. to oppose or object to something; to take a stand. Chiefly with up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action of standing up or rising > rise or be standing [verb (intransitive)] > rise > quickly or suddenly to start upc1275 upstart1303 leapc1330 upspringc1374 uprapea1400 boltc1425 starta1470 spring1474 rear1835 rare1886 1835 Amer. Monthly Mag. July 343 Pardon, pardon, boys, for rearing up, and caracoling, in this irregular fashion. 1851 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Mercury 3 May 1/2 I reared up at this like thunder. I had an everlasting mind to knock the fellow over the head with the breech of my rifle. 1899 Scribner's Mag. Jan. 98/1 [He] is a brave man and has been known to rear on occasions. 1927 Iowa City Press–Citizen 24 Jan. He reared, he threw his bat, he tore around in circles, he shook his fist under the ump's nose. 1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 10 Apr. g1 The House reared up and killed the bill by 217 to 205 on March 25. 1985 J. N. Isbister Freud iv. 179 Unlike his compliant father he had longed to rear up and fight that anti-semitism. 1999 J. Lloyd & E. Rees Come Together v. 120 On 1 December 1997, I reared up from my work station in the art department of ProPixel Ltd, Wembley. b. intransitive. Irish English. With up. To become angry or verbally abusive. Frequently with on. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry wrethec900 wrothc975 abelghec1300 to move one's blood (also mood)c1330 to peck moodc1330 gremec1460 to take firea1513 fumec1522 sourdc1540 spitec1560 to set up the heckle1601 fire1604 exasperate1659 to fire up1779 to flash up1822 to get one's dander up1831 to fly (occasionally jump, etc.) off (at) the handle1832 to have (also get) one's monkey up1833 to cut up rough, rusty, savage1837 rile1837 to go off the handle1839 to flare up1840 to set one's back up1845 to run hot1855 to wax up1859 to get one's rag out1862 blow1871 to get (also have) the pricker1871 to turn up rough1872 to get the needle1874 to blaze up1878 to get wet1898 spunk1898 to see red1901 to go crook1911 to get ignorant1913 to hit the ceiling1914 to hit the roof1921 to blow one's top1928 to lose one's rag1928 to lose one's haira1930 to go up in smoke1933 hackle1935 to have, get a cob on1937 to pop (also blow) one's cork1938 to go hostile1941 to go sparec1942 to do one's bun1944 to lose one's wool1944 to blow one's stack1947 to go (also do) one's (also a) dingerc1950 rear1953 to get on ignorant1956 to go through the roof1958 to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964 to lose ita1969 to blow a gasket1975 to throw a wobbler1985 1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 228/2 He reared up on his father. 1999 J. Cassidy Street Life 72 Before, if anyone said the wrong thing, I used to rear up. I couldn't seem to control my temper and I kept getting into fights. 2005 Irish News (Nexis) 21 June 22 It wouldn't look good for Frank McBrearty if he was to rear up on a woman. II. To construct, bring into existence, breed, bring up. 9. a. transitive. To construct, esp. by building up; = raise v.1 8. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > build or construct [verb (transitive)] > build or construct by fitting parts together reareOE raisec1175 build1884 eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. ii. 158 He Cristes cirican in his rice geornlice timbrede & rærde. OE Genesis A (1931) 1880 Ongunnon him þa bytlian and heora burh ræran. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 11034 Þa hæhte hine Arður..þat he rærde churechen. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 7707 Vppe þan munte of Kaier ich þe wolle reade þat þou reare [c1275 wurche] castel. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 5408 Abbeys he rerde monion In mony studes. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxxiii. 20 Þer, an auter rerid [L. erecto ibi altari], he inwardly clepide vpon þat þe most strong god of yrael. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 562 (MED) There sall appon Godarde a garette be rerede. a1500 ( in J. S. Brewer Monumenta Franciscana (1858) 521 (MED) The sayd Mayer..shall make a wall of Stone..toward the West rayryng the sayd wall from the grownd in hyeght couenable for to bere the gystes of the Solers. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxiij A tower..rered by great crafte. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. sig. Mm8 Amongst the hiues to reare An hony combe. 1637 J. Milton Comus 27 Till all thy magick structures rear'd so high Were shatter'd into heaps. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 7 When summon'd Stones the Theban Turrets rear'd. 1746 J. Warton Ode to Fancy 30 Where never human art appear'd, Nor ev'n one straw-rooft cott was rear'd. 1772 H. Mackenzie Man of World (1803) i. ii. 421 The fall of those hopes we had been vainly diligent to rear. 1779 J. Moore View Society & Manners France (1789) I. xlviii. 408 He had reared a building greatly larger. 1812 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. vi. 193 How weak the fame the lowly songstress rears. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §4. 129 The canons..reared the church which still exists as the diocesan cathedral. 1909 A. Bierce Coll. Wks. IV. 19 I viewed A city where the restless multitude Between the eastern and the western deep Had reared gigantic fabrics, strong and rude. 1986 New Yorker 2 June 52/3 ‘I now rear about three of the skin ones [sc. coracles] every year.’..(‘Rears’ is a verb also used in the coopering trade, a barrel being reared rather than simply made.) 2001 RIA Novosti (Nexis) 25 Sept. The sculpture ensemble in Tiergarten is the first Soviet monument reared in postwar Berlin. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > confine or deliver [verb (transitive)] > give birth forthbring971 akenOE haveOE bearOE to bring into the worldOE teemOE i-bereOE to bring forthc1175 childc1175 reara1275 ofkenc1275 hatcha1350 makea1382 yielda1400 cleck1401 issue1447 engenderc1450 infant1483 deliver?a1518 whelp1581 world1596 yean1598 fall1600 to give (a person or thing) birth1615 to give birth to1633 drop1662 pup1699 born1703 to throw off1742 beteem1855 birth1855 parturiate1866 shell1890 to put to bed1973 bring- a1275 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Trin. Cambr.) (1955) 112 (MED) Wose lat is wif his maister wurþen..he sal him rere dreiȝe. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxxviii. 8 Go inne to þe wyf of þi broþer..þat þou rere [a1425 L.V. reise; L. suscites] seed to þi broþer. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings ii. 35 I schal reryn [L. suscitabo] to me a trewe preest. a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Exod. x. 13 A brennynge wynd reride [L. levavit] vp locustes. c1450 (a1400) Chevalere Assigne 211 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) 867 He asskede hymm þanne what was a moder—‘A womman þat bare þe to man sonne and of her reredde.’ 1579 G. Whetstone Remembraunce Bacon B4v Yet as her duste, a Phenix newe doeth reare,So (well he wist) whiche ioy doeth worldlyngs griue,By Death, his soule, and bodie bothe should liue. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. vii. 92 From their ashes shal be reard A Phœnix. View more context for this quotation 1687 E. Settle in H. Higden Mod. Ess. 10th Satyr Juvenal Ded. sig. Aa3 His distant Heat does by thy Labour burn, And Rear thy Phenix from his Spicey Vrne. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] wieldeOE timberc897 letc900 rearOE doOE i-wendeOE workOE makeOE bringc1175 raisec1175 shapec1315 to owe (also have) a wold (also on wield)a1325 procurec1330 purchasec1330 causec1340 conform1377 performa1382 excite1398 induce1413 occasionate?c1450 occasionc1454 to bring about1480 gara1500 to bring to passc1513 encause1527 to work out1534 inferc1540 excitate?1549 import1550 ycause1563 frame1576 effect1581 to bring in1584 effectuatea1586 apport?1591 introduce1605 create1607 generate1607 cast1633 efficiate1639 conciliate1646 impetrate1647 state1654 accompass1668 to bring to bear1668 to bring on1671 effectivate1717 makee1719 superinduce1837 birth1913 the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > of God workOE rearOE shapeOE makeOE raisec1384 to set (something) on (also upon) sevenc1390 spire1435 the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] > cause or give rise to an emotion rearOE arear?c1225 annoyc1300 movea1325 excite1393 raisea1400 lighta1413 stirc1430 provokec1450 provocate?a1475 rendera1522 to stir upc1530 excitate?1549 inspire1576 yield1576 to turn up1579 rouse1589 urge1594 incense1598 upraisea1600 upreara1600 irritate1612 awakena1616 recreate1643 pique1697 arouse1730 unlull1743 energize1753 evocate1827 evoke1856 vibe1977 the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > bring about by incitement stirc897 forthclepe?c1000 raisec1175 entice1297 rearc1325 excitea1340 arta1450 provocate?a1475 suscitate1528 to stir upc1530 provoke1535 store1552 concitea1555 upsteer1558 spirit1598 solicit1602 foment1606 fana1616 proritate1620 incite1627 ferment1660 spirita1680 brush1755 whip1805 to put (also set) (the) spurs to1819 fillipa1822 instigate1852 spark-plug1945 whomp1961 the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > give rise to makeOE breedc1200 wakea1325 wakenc1330 engendera1393 gendera1398 raisea1400 begetc1443 reara1513 ingener1513 ingenerate1528 to stir upc1530 yield1576 to pull ona1586 to brood up1586 to set afloat (on float)1586 spawn1594 innate1602 initiate1604 inbreed1605 irritate1612 to give rise to1630 to let in1655 to gig (out)1659 to set up1851 gin1887 society > society and the community > dissent > become at variance with [verb (transitive)] > cause (dissension) raisea1400 rear1548 society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] sowc888 blowc1275 dispeple1297 to do abroadc1300 fame1303 publyc1350 defamea1382 publisha1382 open?1387 proclaima1393 slandera1400 spreada1400 abroachc1400 throwc1400 to give outa1425 promote?a1425 noisec1425 publicc1430 noisec1440 divulgea1464 to put outc1475 skail1487 to come out witha1500 bruit1525 bruita1529 to bear out1530 divulgate1530 promulgate1530 propale?1530 ventilate1530 provulgate1535 sparple1536 sparse1536 promulge1539 disperse1548 publicate1548 forthtell1549 hurly-burly?1550 propagate1554 to set abroada1555 utter1561 to set forth1567 blaze1570 evulgate1570 scatter1576 rear?1577 to carry about1585 pervulgate1586 celebrate?1596 propalate1598 vent1602 evulge1611 to give forth1611 impublic1628 ventilate1637 disseminate1643 expose1644 emit1650 to put about1664 to send abroad1681 to get abroad1688 to take out1697 advertise1710 forward1713 to set abouta1715 circulate1780 broadcast1829 vent1832 vulgate1851 debit1879 float1883 OE Cynewulf Crist II 689 God..sibbe ræreþ ece to ealdre engla ond monna. OE Wulfstan Sermo ad Anglos (Nero) (1957) 267 Dægliwamlice [read dæghwamlice] man ihte yfel æfter oðrum, and unriht rærde. OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1052 Ealle Frencisce men þe ær unlage rærdon & undom demdon. ?c1250 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) 172 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 293 Þo scullen habbe hardne dom..þa þe euele heolden wreche men and vuele laȝes rerde [a1200 Trin. Cambr. arerde, a1225 Lamb. redde]. c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) 493 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 508 (MED) Þe deuel of helle..bigan to rere contek bituene hem anon. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8987 (MED) Erl theband..bigan to rere worre vpe þe king of france. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 2 Kings xii. 11 I schal reren vpon þee euyl of þi hous. a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) 1131 (MED) Hast þow reret any debate A-monge þy neȝborus? a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ciiiv Which tempest after ye oppynyon of some wryters was reryd by ye Negromauncers of ye frenshe Kynge. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. x If any persones would presume to rere warre or congregate a multitude. ?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 7 Rearing vp slanders vpon the preachers of the word of God. 1613 Ioyfull Peace between Denmark & Sweden (single sheet) That Denmarks King without all let, foure golden Crownes may beare, Which was the great and greatest cause, he first these warres did reare. 1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. i. 95 If any persons should presume to reare warre or congregate a multitude to deliver him [sc. King Richard] out of prison, that then he should be the first that should die. 11. transitive. To utter (a cry, a prayer, etc.); to create (a noise) by shouting; to begin to sing; = raise v.1 14. Also intransitive. Also with out or up. Now rare.Also associated with (or originating in) branch III. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > make a loud sound or noise [verb (transitive)] upheavea1300 rearc1400 raisea1425 foulder1559 trumpet1729 uplift1816 blast1932 blare1939 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry or shout [verb (transitive)] > raise (a shout) arearc1380 rearc1400 raisea1425 to put up1730 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > begin to sing to take upc1390 raise1595 mount1601 rear1785 OE Daniel 191 Þær þry wæron.., eorlas Israela, þæt hie a noldon hyra þeodnes dom þafigan onginnan, þæt hie to þam beacne gebedu rærde. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 6417 Þe paiens..gun rere a wel foule crie. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. xv. 5 Þe cri of contricioun þei shul reren [L. levabunt]. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 873 Þenne þe rebaudez so ronk rerd such a noyse. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxiij/2 Ye shall rere vp hue and crye and..folowe theym fro strete to strete. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. v. Argt. Belphebe finds him almost dead, and reareth out of sownd. 1618 G. Chapman tr. Hesiod Georgicks ii. 111 When thou the crane shalt hear Aloft out of the clouds her clanges rear. 1699 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 332 As it [sc. the pain] fell lower, it grew more violent, especially when in his big Toe it made him rear out. 1756 Let. 21 Sept. in E. Pyle Mem. Royal Chaplain (1905) 265 The Psalm is reared by a sergeant of grenadiers, a stately fellow, with a vast pair of whiskers. 1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 662 The simple clerk..did rear right merrily, two staves, Sung to the praise and glory of King George. 1930 R. Campbell Adamastor 51 Doomed vessels..Reared to the stars their tempest-throttled cry. 1966 in Dict. Newfoundland Eng. (1982) at Rear If I was to go up along and show you where [this woman] is and you walk in the house where she's to, she liable to rear out the biggest kind right down on top of you. 12. a. transitive. To bring (an animal) to maturity or to a certain stage of growth by giving proper nourishment and attention; esp. to breed (cattle, etc.) as an occupation. Cf. raise v.1 9c, 11c. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > rear animals [verb (transitive)] nourishc1300 to bring forthc1305 rear?1440 raise1743 educate1760 farm1793 mind1824 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 610 (MED) The pocok me may rere vp [L. nutrire] esely If bestes wilde or theuys hem ne greue. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxix Yet is it better for the husbande to sell those calues than to reyre them, bycause of the cost. 1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 24 To rere vp much pultrie, and want the barne doore, is naught for the pulter, and woorse for the poore. a1650 W. Bradford Hist. Plymouth Plantation (1899) 363 Some spetiall lands were granted at..a plase very weell meadowed, and fitt to keep & rear catle, good store. 1759 R. Brown Compl. Farmer 49 It is a common saying, the worst housewife will rear the best pigs. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 248 Those persons whose employment it is to rear up pigeons of different colours, can breed them..to a feather. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 985 Calves reared in this manner are to be enticed to eat hay as early as possible. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 845 No man rears a stallion for the use of his own mares only. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 469/1 Great numbers of cattle are reared; and cheese, butter and hides..are exported. 1954 R. Jarrell Pictures from Inst. i. 19 The baby gorilla which, reared with a psychologist's baby, had for many months outstripped the child. 1990 J. McGahern Amongst Women 64 One spring he reared a wild duck from the egg of an abandoned nest. 2004 G. J. Benson & B. E. Rollin Well-being of Farm Animals i. vii. 138 Beef bull calves are reared on the mother cow and most dairy bull calves are bucket-fed by people. b. transitive. To bring up (a child) to maturity; to care for, nourish, educate; = raise v.1 11. Also intransitive and in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > education > upbringing > [verb (transitive)] i-teon975 forthbringc1000 forthwiseOE nourishc1300 nurshc1325 feedc1330 updraw1390 uprearc1400 educate1445 norrya1450 nurturea1450 to bring up1484 endue1526 nuzzle1558 rear1558 nurse1584 to breed up1611 cradle1613 breed1650 raise1744 rare1798 mud1814 to fetch up1841 rise1843 1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos v. sig. O.iv Than one among them all, dame Pyrgo matrone most of age, King Priams nurse that was, and princely children up dyd reare. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 136 For her sake, doe I reare vp her boy. View more context for this quotation 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 61 She takes him vp and reares him royal-like. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 555 God with these forbid'n made choice to rear His mighty Champion. View more context for this quotation 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. vi. 101 All Parents..are obliged to send their Infants of both Sexes to be reared and educated when they come to the Age of twenty Moons. 1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 38 We loved, but not enough, the gentle hand That reared us. 1803 J. Davis Trav. U.S.A. 215 This gentleman..is not only a Latin, but a Greek Scholar. He was reared at Cambridge. 1879 M. Pattison Milton 179 When Milton was being reared, Calvinism was not old and effete. 1949 N. Mitford Love in Cold Climate ii. i Making a perfection of their homes at the same time as rearing large families of clever children. 1988 D. Hogan Lebanon Lodge 118 His mother had reared him on raspberry jam. 2002 R. Murphy Kick (2003) 210 Their father had died a few weeks after the birth of ‘little Mary’, and their mother had reared them alone. c. transitive. To attend to, promote, or cause the growth of (a plant); to grow (grain, etc.); = raise v.1 11a. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)] tilla1325 raisec1384 uprearc1400 nourisha1500 cherish1519 dig1526 dress1526 govern1532 manure?c1550 rear1581 nurse1594 tame1601 crop1607 cultive1614 cultivate1622 ingentle1622 tend1631 make1714 peck1728 grow1774 farm1793 culture1809 side-dress1888 double-crop1956 produce2006 1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints i. f. 5v Breade Corne, and Malte corne ynough besides, reared all together vpon the same lande. 1625 J. Stradling Divine Poemes iv. 136 Some shew their skill in rearing fruitfull Trees, By Orcharding and Gardning they get money. 1667 A. Cowley Garden x, in J. Wells Poems Divers Occasions sig. ¶7v He bids the rustick plum to rear A nobler Trunk and be a Peach. 1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) v. 230 In distant wilds..She rears her flow'rs. 1770 E. Burke Thoughts Present Discontents 77 It is therefore our business..to rear to the most perfect vigour and maturity, every sort of generous and honest feeling. 1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 156 Hopes of every sort, whatever sect Esteem them, sow them, rear them, and protect. 1835 H. Miller Scenes & Legends N. Scotl. vii. 111 In those times it was quite as customary for farmers to rear the flax which supplied them with clothing. 1871 R. Browning Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau 52 To play at horticulture, rear some rose Or poppy into perfect leaf and bloom. 1973 K. Brathwaite Arrivants 72 It was not shame that built this hurt, Collected local stones To build the fence Conceived the plaster, Reared the tamarind tree. 2005 Science 4 Feb. 641 (caption) Leaf-cutting ants live in obligate ectosymbiosis with clonal fungi that they rear for food. ΚΠ 1773 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. at Pursue He pays nothing else to the pursuer, out of his possession, excepting a meat goose, when he rears geese. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 345 In the highlands every man rears, on his own farm, what butcher meat his family requires. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > rear animals [verb (intransitive)] > turn out in rearing or grow rear1894 1894 Daily News 2 Oct. 6/6 In the counties mentioned pheasants have reared well. III. To lift from a lower to a higher position. 13. a. transitive. To lift up or upwards as a whole; = raise v.1 19. Also: to raise unevenly, to cause to tilt (rare). Also reflexive.Sometimes also with implication of sense 1, esp. in to rear its (ugly) head at sense 13e. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise heave971 hevenOE onheaveOE rearOE highOE arearc1175 to set above (also aloft, high, on high)c1275 upbraidc1275 to set upc1290 lifta1300 upheavea1300 upraisea1300 upreara1300 enhancec1300 araise1303 hance1303 uplifta1340 lift1362 raisec1384 upbear1390 uphancec1390 advancea1393 haut?a1400 to put upa1400 verec1400 hainc1440 inhigh1483 elevate1497 uphigh1513 alifta1522 height1530 heighten1530 exalt1535 extol1549 sublevate1559 rouse?1567 attol1578 elate1578 vaunce1582 dight1590 higher1592 tower1596 to fetch up1612 relevate1620 screwa1625 transcend1635 stilt1649 allevate1696 stiltify1860 OE Blickling Homilies 187 Rære up þin heafod & geseoh þis þæt Simon deþ. a1350 (c1307) in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 23 (MED) He wolde ha rered vp fol heyȝe oure baners. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xi. 23 Thou, Caphernaum, whether til in to heuen thou shalt be rerid vp? a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 140v Þe more briddes haue of holghnesse of pennes..þe more esiliche þey reriþ hemself and fleeþ vpward. a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 754 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 324 Wo so euer he takes þat mete to bere, Schalle not so hardy þo couertoure rere. ?c1500 Mary Magdalene (Digby) 1878 Rere vp þe seyll In all þe hast, as well as þou can. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xvii. sig. E iij v The nature of water is such, as by pipes it may be rered aboue the fountaine hed. 1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xii. f. 175 The more birdes haue of hollownesse of pens & multitude of feathers, and the lesse flesh, the more easily they reare themselues and flye vpward. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 300 When I reare my hand, do you the like To fall it on Gonzalo. View more context for this quotation 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iv. vii. 165 Its Use is to rear up the Chest. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxii. 14 High in his hands he rear'd the golden bowl. 1771 P. Luckombe Hist. & Art of Printing 402 He rears up the Handle end of his Galley with his left hand. 1827 T. Hood Plea Midsummer Fairies xviii, in Plea Midsummer Fairies & Other Poems 10 Upon a mast rear'd far aloft, He bore a very bright and crescent blade. 1908 E. M. Forster Room with View xii. 203 Freddy reared a freckled face and a pair of snowy shoulders out of the fronds [of bracken]. 1951 J. Agee Morning Watch iii. 109 Hobe reared up a rock so heavy he could lift it only clumsily, high above his reeling head. 1958 Jrnl. Warburg & Courtauld Inst. 21 86 Gloriana, the Fairy Queen.., enshrined upon a throne reared up in the midst of the ocean. 1975 J. Goulet Human Ape (1977) ii. 13 They heaved him into the back of the red vehicle... Reared by his father's great weight, the vehicle moved soberly away. 2007 T. A. Day Grey Moon over China i. 23 The helicopter reared up above the beach with its nose toward the trees, kicking up sand. b. transitive. To have, hold, or sustain (some part) in an elevated or lofty position. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > set in a high position [verb (transitive)] > have (some part) in a high position reara1398 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ix. xxii. 537 Floures þat beþ iclosid openyth and herbis and gras þat wolowid and fadiþ in grete hete arisiþ and reriþ vp þe heed. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 699 Each beauteous flour..Rear'd high thir flourisht heads between, and wrought Mosaic. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 543 Higher yet the glorious Temple rear'd Her pile. View more context for this quotation 1757 T. Gray Ode II iii. ii, in Odes 19 Sublime their starry fronts they rear. 1781 J. Moore View Soc. Italy (1790) I. xxxv. 381 The ancient Mistress of the World rears her head in melancholy majesty. 1823 Ld. Byron Island iv. ii. 59 A black rock rears its bosom o'er the spray. 1872 H. I. Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lake District (1879) 150 Honister Crag, the grandest in the district, rears its front on the left. 1987 T. Horton Bay Country (1989) viii. 181 The mountain..rears its shaggy bulk from behind a groomed field of grain. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor (a ship) [verb (transitive)] > anchor (a ship) > loose (ship) from anchor > weigh (anchor) weigh?a1400 loosec1440 rear?c1475 levy1648 sway1790 ?c1475 in J. Gairdner Sailing Direct. (1889) 13 Yif ye..will go into Sandwiche haven, Rere it by turnyng wynde at an est south of the moone. ?c1475 in J. Gairdner Sailing Direct. (1889) 15 (MED) A man that ridith in the way of odierene at an ankre, he may begyn to rere at an est southest moone for to turne. d. transitive (reflexive). To rise up to a great height; to tower. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > [verb (reflexive)] > extend to a great height rear1655 1655 tr. A. Semedo Hist. China i. ii. 11 A great ridge of mountaines, which reare themselves upon the confines of Cantone. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 11 The ground..rears itself..in lofty mountains and inaccessible cliffs. 1839 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (1842) IV. xvii. 298 The stately tree rears itself aloft. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ix. 63 A steep slope of snow..reared itself against the mountain wall. 1956 R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond xi. 117 Every now and then Armenian churches or fortresses would rear themselves up on rocky heights above us. 2005 Music Trades (Nexis) 1 Jan. 238 The Soldiers' Monument..rears itself in the air to an imposing height of 300 feet. e. transitive. figurative. to rear its (ugly) headand variants: to make an unwelcome appearance. See also raise v.1 Phrases 8. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [verb (intransitive)] > make an unwelcome appearance to come on1592 to raise its (ugly) head1683 to rear its (ugly) head1771 1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. IV. xliii. 199 The bishops were..so ardent in pursuit of temporal advantages, that every vice was rearing its head without controul. 1793 S. Horsley Serm. 5 A new form of Infidelity of late hath reared its hideous head. 1841 A. Lord Luther iii. 169 Carnage triumphant rears its ghastly head, And fell destruction riots o'er the dead! 1844 S. Smiles Hist. Irel. xxv. 256 The evil genius of monopoly now reared its ugly head in the land. 1857 A. Trollope Barchester Towers II. viii. 124 Rebellion had already reared her hideous head within the [bishop's] palace. 1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) vii. 96 Another problem reared its ugly head. 1966 B. Kimenye Kalasanda Revisited 21 Scandal of even the mildest type failed to rear its head. 1997 Frank 13 Feb. 26/2 We're committed to truncheoning down opposition wherever it may rear its ugly head. 2005 R. G. Neuhauser Cosmic Deity 243 Clearly, we might think, evil was rearing its nasty head. 14. transitive. To lift up, raise, elevate, exalt, or promote, in various figurative contexts. Now rare.Sometimes with suggestion of other senses of rear or raise. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > exaltation or glorification > exalt or glorify [verb (transitive)] heavec825 higheOE brightenOE clarifya1340 glorifya1340 enhancec1374 stellifyc1384 biga1400 exalt?a1400 raisea1400 shrinea1400 to bear up?a1425 enhighc1440 erect?a1475 assumec1503 amount1523 dignifya1530 to set up1535 extol1545 enthronize1547 augment1567 sublimate?1567 sublime1568 assumptc1571 begoda1576 royalize1589 suscitate1598 swell1601 consecrate1605 realize1611 reara1616 sphere1615 ingreata1620 superexalta1626 soara1627 ascend1628 rise1628 embroider1629 apotheose1632 grandize1640 engreaten1641 engrandizea1652 mount1651 intronificate1653 magnificent1656 superposit1661 grandify1665 heroify1677 apotheosize1695 enthrone1699 aggrandize1702 pantheonize1801 hoist1814 princify1847 queen1880 heroize1887 OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 959 He weorðode Godes naman georne, & Godes lage smeade, oft & gelome, & Godes lof rærde, wide & side. OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) i. xx. 300 Utan beon a urum hlaforde holde & getrywe & æfre eallum mihtum his wurðscipe ræran [L. exaltemus, sustineamus] & his willan gewyrcan. c1330 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Auch.) (1952) 223 (MED) Auentour..haþ turned his pas Oȝaines þe king and rered mas. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. li. 1 Babilon &..his dwelleris..þer herte rereden aȝen me. c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) 446 (MED) Now frendes all, for goddes loue, Rereþ ȝowre hertes to god aboue. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 32 (MED) Kepe þin herte fre & rere it up to þy god. 1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 1st Pt. sig. C4v And higher would I reare my estimate Than Iuno. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 316 His Cup-bearer, whom I from meaner forme Haue Bench'd, and rear'd to Worship. View more context for this quotation 1655 Bp. J. Taylor Guide Devot. (1719) 154 Thy Goodness may hereafter rear Our Souls unto thy Glory. 1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Rearing.., raising up, exalting. 1899 A. H. Adams Maoriland 13 And my tribe, the mighty Ngatiraukawa.., Might yet rear their name into a pillar Carved with fame. 1910 H. Belloc Verses 72 Don to thine own damnation quoted, Perplexed to find thy trivial name Reared in my verse to lasting shame. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > look up > turn (eyes) upwards abraidOE to-heavec1200 reara1382 upcast1390 blenkc1400 raisea1425 shore1581 upthrow1600 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > upwards rear1671 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxxi. 12 Rere up þin eyȝen. c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 67 (MED) To þe, Lord, my face I turne, to þe myn eiȝes I rere up. 1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. H4 He sits him downe in sack-cloathes, his hands and eyes reared to heauen. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. ii. sig. Aa8v The Ladie..Gan reare her eyes as to the chearefull light. View more context for this quotation 1620 F. Quarles Feast for Wormes sig. E Jonah (humbly rearing vp his eyes). 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 285 Up to a hill anon his steps he rear'd . View more context for this quotation 1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) i. 8 To that she bends, to that her Eyes she rears. 1791 H. Siddons Wallace II. xiii. 70 Rearing his eyes, he beheld the Englishman bending beneath the force of a common Highland soldier. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad iv. 141 O'er the dark world Erasmus rears his eye. a. transitive. To raise (a spirit, fiend). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > [verb (transitive)] > invoke (a spirit) conjurec1290 reara1382 to call upc1390 raisec1395 devocatec1570 adjure1585 invoke1602 evoke1623 incantate1623 conjure1637 excitea1639 evocate1675 incant1926 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xxviii. 8 Deuyne to me in a charmynge spirit & rere to me whom I schal sei to þee. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vi. f. 78v The tyrant with a hideous noyse away the table shoues: And reeres ye fiends from Hell. b. transitive. Nautical. = raise v.1 24a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > set a ship's course > come in sight of rear1555 open1574 make1587 raise1589 1555 R. Eden Two Viages into Guinea in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 351 In .xv. degrees, we dyd reere the crossiers. 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 49 We reared the north starre in short space .xij. degr. and at length, 30. deg. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) To rear an object in view, is to rise or approach it. c. transitive. To make (the voice) heard; = raise v.1 21. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > to sound (of voice or utterance) [verb (intransitive)] > utter sound soundc1340 rear1591 breathe1602 phonate1878 vocalize1887 1591 J. Davies O Vtinam sig. A.iiijv They reare vp their voices aloft and saie the kingdome of heauen is at hand. 1609 J. Davies Holy Roode sig. A4 Heavn'ly Quires, by nature, do reioyce, When Art, in Graces Quire, reares Natures Uoice. 1632 G. Wither Psalmes of David cxlii. 279 My voice to thee, Oh God, I reare. 1715 S. Croxall Vision 10 Some Champion Drone his Voice might rear,And sound Church-danger in each busie Ear. 1772 N. Evans Poems on Several Occasions 84 Judah's nymphs their tuneful voices rear'd. 1817 W. Scott Harold vi. xiii. 190 When his voice he rear'd,..The powerful accents roll'd along. 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna xi. xx. 247 His voice then did the Stranger rear. a. transitive. To levy, raise, gather, or collect (fines, rents, etc.); = raise v.1 27a. Also with upon. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (transitive)] > receive or take money takec1300 perceivea1382 rear1418 draw1591 rake1601 to get up1627 touch1654 1418 in Sections Assembly Bk. A Shrewsbury Guild Hall f. 110 (MED) The..peyne schall be rerede by the baillifs of the same ton. c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 32 (MED) A marchand of this cite Hade riche rentus to rere. c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 30 Oppressid..by over gret taskis and tailis rered uppon them. a1500 in R. R. Sharpe Cal. Let.-bks. London (1902) D. 201 (MED) The finis for suche causes made trewly ye shall rere, sparyng no persone for favour. 1574 Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 423 xxti pound sterlinge current mony of England to be rered and levied to the commone use. 1589 W. Wren in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 146 Which rent is reared onely in goates skinnes. 1621 J. Taylor Superbiæ Flagellum in All Workes (1630) 31 For he must pay his Rent, or lose his lease, And though his Father and himselfe before, Haue oft relieu'd poore beggers at their doore; Yet now his Fine and Rent so high is rear'd, That his own meat, and cloathes are scarcely clear'd. 1646 E. Buckler Midnights Medit. of Death i. iii. sig. B5v My racking land-lord rears Both rent and fine. b. transitive. To levy or raise (an army). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > levy or mobilize make?a1160 host1297 arear1366 araisec1386 raisea1425 to call to account1434 rearc1450 levyc1500 riga1513 erect1520 leave1590 to call to arms1592 compound1614 re-embody1685 mobilize1853 remobilize1886 c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 81 (MED) Artaxenses is at hand & has ane ost reryd. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 25 The northir hoste..were rered for the despite and rebuke that the..kyngis had at Carlyon. 1596 E. L. Romes Monarchie vii. sig., F3v Th'acayan people gathered head amaine, In Greece, and there an armie they did reare Against Romes state. 1612 J. Sylvester tr. Tropheis sig. Ddd, in E. Grimeston tr. P. Matthieu Heroyk Life Henry IV He rears an Army strongly dight, In Gulich's Claim, his wronged friends to right. 1672 Dream of Cabal in Poems Affairs State (1697) 145 Your Father 'gainst the Scots an Army rear d, But soon, that Army more than Scot he fear'd. c. transitive. To take away from one. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away ateec885 withbreidec890 animOE overbearOE to do awayOE flitc1175 reavec1175 takec1175 to have away?a1300 to draw awayc1300 weve13.. to wend awaya1325 withdrawa1325 remuec1325 to carry away1363 to take away1372 waive1377 to long awaya1382 oftakec1390 to draw offa1398 to do froa1400 forflitc1420 amove?a1425 to carry out?a1425 surtrayc1440 surtretec1440 twistc1440 abstract1449 ostea1450 remove1459 ablatea1475 araisea1475 redd1479 dismove1480 diminish?1504 convey1530 alienate1534 retire1536 dimove1540 reversec1540 subtractc1540 submove1542 sublate1548 pare1549 to pull in1549 exempt1553 to shift off1567 retract?1570 renversec1586 aufer1587 to lay offa1593 rear1596 retrench1596 unhearse1596 exemea1600 remote1600 to set off1600 subduct1614 rob1627 extraneize1653 to bring off1656 to pull back1656 draft1742 extract1804 reef1901 the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > convey or transport > off or away atbearOE reavec1175 heavea1240 ravishc1330 reachc1330 outbeara1400 trussa1400 remove1459 withberec1500 rapt1571 rear1596 rap1599 to carry off1684 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. vi. sig. F He in an open Turney lately held, Fro me the honour of that game did reare . View more context for this quotation This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rearv.2 Obsolete. transitive. To cut up or carve (a bird, spec. a goose), first removing the legs. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of fowls > prepare fowls [verb (transitive)] > carve > goose reara1450 the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of fowls > prepare fowls [verb (transitive)] > carve > curlew or bittern reara1450 unjointa1450 untache1508 a1450 Terms Assoc. in PMLA (1936) 51 604 (MED) A gose reryd [v.r. reyryde]; a Swanne y lyfte. ?1478 Lydgate's Horse, Goose & Sheep (Caxton) (1822) 33 A dere broken, a ghoos rerid, a swan lyfte..a heron dismembrid. c1500 Ffor to serve a Lord in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 374 To lose or untache a bitorn: kitte his nekke,..rere hym legge and whynge, as the heron. 1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A.iv Rere that goose. 1677 Compl. Servant-maid 31 How to Rear or Break a Goose. 1694 N. H. Ladies Dict. 415/2 To rear or break a Goose, is to take off the legs very fair, then to cut off the belly piece round. a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 269 To rear a Goose. 1796 ‘A. Pasquin’ New Brighton Guide (new ed.) 21 If any are known to take pride in the ignoble science of carving, id est, to unbrace a duck, rear a goose. 1804 J. Farley London Art Cookery (ed. 10) 293 To rear a goose, cut off both legs in the manner of shoulder of lamb. 1840 W. H. Ainsworth Tower of London (1864) 412 In the old terms of his art, he leached the brawn, reared the goose. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † rearv.3 Obsolete. rare. Nautical. intransitive. Of a ship: to move in some way. ΚΠ 1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 117 When I had the sight of the rest of our ships, I tooke our skiffe, and went to them, to knowe why they lost vs..and Iohn Kire made me answere, that his shippe would neither reare nor steere. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † rearv.4 Obsolete. rare. 1. transitive. To attack in the rear. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)] > attack on flank or rear flank1572 rear1670 back-set1722 1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 48 He falls a fighting with his Text, and makes a pitch'd Battle of it,..he rears it, flanks it, entrenches it, storms it. 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 347 Then the Captains fell on and began roundly to front, and flank, and rere Diabolus's Camp. View more context for this quotation 2. transitive. To strengthen in the rear. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > strengthen in rear rear1680 1680 J. Scott Serm. before Artillery-company 2 We cannot talk in Rank and File, and Flank and Rear our Discourses with Military Allusions. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online September 2018). † rearadv.1 Obsolete. rare. In nouther avaunt ne rere: not at all, neither in front nor behind. See arrear adv.In quot. perhaps in the sense ‘neither sooner nor later’. ΚΠ a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1247 ‘Wisseth me how to gete a golden salue, And what I haue, I wele it with yow halue.’ ‘Sone, as for me, nouthir avaunte ne rere [rhyme leere].’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † rearadv.2 Obsolete. rare. Early; = rare adv.2 ΘΚΠ the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > morning > [adverb] earlyOE orOE ereOE amornOE amorrowc1275 rathec1275 betimea1300 morningc1325 of (also in, on) morningsc1395 a-morninga1400 a-morningsc1400 betimes1481 morningly1560 in the morning1562 ante meridiem1563 timeous1566 rare1574 in a morning1591 rearly1596 timeouslyc1600 mornly1605 a.m.1651 rear1714 antemeridian1770 bright and early1805 matutinely1833 matutinally1897 ack emma1918 1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week i. 6 O'er yonder Hill does scant the Dawn appear, Then why does Cuddy leave his Cott, so rear? 1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week i. 11 This rising rear betokeneth well thy mind. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. at Raid Raid, or Rear. Early. Kent. 1787 J. Thelwall Poems Var. Subj. II. 151 Death's cruel dart Hath snatch'd from me so rear thy bloomy form. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2018). > see alsoalso refers to : rear-comb. form < see also |
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