α. 1500s–1700s rase.
β. 1500s–1700s raze.
单词 | raze |
释义 | † razen.1α. 1500s–1700s rase. β. 1500s–1700s raze. Obsolete. 1. The act of scraping or scratching; the fact of being scratched or cut. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] bita1000 kerfc1000 slittingc1175 carving?c1225 chop1362 cuttinga1398 hacking1398 scissure?a1425 garsingc1440 racing?a1450 incision1474 secting1507 raze1530 chopping1548 scotching1551 hackling1564 slashing1596 carbonadoing1599 kinsing1599 insection1653 secation1656 scission1676 gash1694 inciding1694 haggling1761 cut1808 shear1809 carve1888 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > [noun] > scratching, scraping, or abrasion clawing1398 razinga1400 scrattinga1400 scrapingc1440 scrape1483 raze1530 rasure1596 rasion1617 scrub1621 scrubbing1622 scrapelet1625 grazing1698 scratch1765 rake1869 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 261/1 Rase, a scrapyng, rasure. 1612 R. Hooker Remedy Against Sorrow & Fear 9 Perceaue we not how they whose tendernesse shrinketh at the least rase of a needles point, do kisse the sword that pearceth their soules quite through? 1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 266 The rase of whose skinne..was more then the torment of their wretched Bodyes. 2. A scratch, a cut, a slit. Also figurative. Cf. race n.3 ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] > a cut or incision garse?c1225 chinea1387 slit1398 incisionc1400 slivingc1400 raising?a1425 scotchc1450 racec1500 tranchec1500 kerf?1523 hack1555 slash1580 hew1596 raze1596 incutting1598 slisha1616 scar1653 lancementa1655 slap1688 slip1688 nick1692 streak1725 sneck1768 snick1775 rut1785 sliver1806 overcut1874 α. β. 1596 E. L. Romes Monarchie xiv. sig. K When whistling windes do sheere the tender skinne, And razor like, piercing, doth make a raze On seelie creatures, barely clad, and thinne.1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. c. 383 If you make two razes on each side, it shall bee so much the better.1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. i. 21 A man had better receive twenty wounds in his good name, then but a single raze in his conscience.1753 J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery xxiv. 220 The joint should be fired gently with small razes or lines pretty close together, and then covered with a mercurial plaister.1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 499 All the hacks, cuts, gashes, and rases all ouer the body. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 17 Take the cold Chissel in your left hand, and set the edge of it upon that mark or rase. 1714 D. Turner De Morbis Cutaneis ii. ix. 250 Upon the right Leg a small Rase of the Cuticle had been occasion'd by the Edge of the Stair, down the Ridge of the Tibia. 1770 N. May Impartial Remarks Suttonian Method Inoculation 162 The slightest scratch or rase in the cuticle of some constitutions, without the interposition of poisonous matter, shall cause the part to rankle or fester. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † razen.2 English regional (Cornwall). Mining. Obsolete. rare. A clay slate found in Cornwall; = killas n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > metamorphic rock > [noun] > slate > argillaceous > varieties of killas1673 razea1728 hone-stone1796 whet-slate1839 Arkansas1869 a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) 202 The Surface is of a Raze, and a little red Earth. The second stratum is of a white Clay, intermixed with this sort of Raze, as the Miners call Kellows. 1728 J. Woodward Fossils All Kinds 54 The Tin-Veins..are either in Strata of Growan, or of that grey, Talky, Slaty Stone, that the Tinners call Killas, Raze, or Delvin. 1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 92 These stones generally dip towards the West, and rise flat, of a very even thickness, for which reason I imagine they are called by the Tinners, Raze. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online September 2020). razev.α. Middle English raas, Middle English rafit (past tense, transmission error), Middle English rasse, Middle English rateth (3rd singular present indicative, transmission error), Middle English rese, Middle English– rase; Scottish pre-1700 ras, pre-1700 rase, pre-1700 rasse. β. 1500s– raze; Scottish pre-1700 1700s– raze, 1800s raaze (Shetland). See also race v.2, raise v.2 1. With away, off, out, or prepositional phrase. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scrape > scrape off or away scrapea1382 razea1387 abradea1676 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off > in thin slices parea1382 shave1382 razea1387 skive1875 α. β. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 361 Earths..which the..salt in the water razeth off from several rocks.a1708 W. Beveridge Thes. Theologicus (1711) III. 347 Drunkenness..razeth out the image of God, and stampeth the image of beasts upon us.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 303 (MED) He rasede [L. corrosit] of oon beem of þat cherche fyve hundred mark of silver. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) Wisd. xiii. 11 A carpenter hewith doun..a streiȝt tre and rasith awei [a1382 E.V. pare awei; L. eradat] perfitli al the riynde therof. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. 236 (MED) Hit cleue Vnto the roote, and with an yron se The mary rased out. 1722 D. Turner Art of Surg. II. vi. 99 With your Scalprum..you may rase off so much of the discoloured or tainted Cortex. 1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness ii. 13 Nothing which occurs in after-life can rase the seal off the bond of their Baptism. b. transitive. figurative. Now rare. Not always distinguishable from the figurative use of sense 2a. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] dilghec897 scrape1303 washc1380 fade1398 razea1425 out-razec1425 racec1450 enrasea1492 stramp1535 wipe1535 facec1540 cancel1559 outblot1573 to wash out1580 to blur out1581 obliterate1607 efface1611 dislimna1616 excerebrate1621 demark1655 rufflea1680 erase1695 scrub1828 overscore1834 elide1846 trash1859 to wipe (off) the slate1921 α. β. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 285 As for that which is euil, they raze it out of their memories.1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 147 This base and ingrate person razed me out of her affection.1712 S. Centlivre Perplex'd Lovers v. ii. 47 I know thy Soul too well, to think six Hours can raze me from thy Heart.1816 C. Lamb Glenarvon I. viii. 69 It seemed his desire to raze every trace of sorrow from the memory of his child.1877 W. E. Gladstone in 19th Cent. Aug. 157 If we raze out all our earlier protests.1946 T. Mann in Eng. Jrnl. 35 287/1 One may say that it [sc. literature] razes out passions through the mind and by the word.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) Jer. xi. 19 Sende we a tre in to the brede of hym, and rase we hym awei [a1382 E.V. shaue wee hym out; L. eradamus eum] fro the lond of lyueris. 1560 tr. Calvin's Foure Serm. N viii Thei which did wishe it [sc. the church] vtterly rased out and destroyed. 1582 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 419 Hopinge..wth goode behavioure to rase owt of memorie this my..discredite. a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie vii. xvi, in Wks. (1662) 46 All standing superiority amongst persons Ecclesiastical these men would rase off with the edge of his speech. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 223 That which the most profligate men cannot rase out of their souls. 1726 D. Defoe Polit. Hist. Devil i. x. 156 The Devil did not immediately rase out the Notion of Religion. 1748 W. Shenstone Ode to Memory 41 Oh from my breast that season rase. 1898 R. Hovey Launcelot & Guenevere III. iii. 64 All the blind night from my soul is rased. 2. a. To erase or obliterate (writing, a record, etc.), originally by scraping. Also figurative. (a) transitive. Without adverb or preposition. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > writing, etc. deface1340 razea1393 blot1530 to put out1530 delete1540 dispunct1570 obliterate1578 expunct1596 expunge1602 erase1605 dele1612 dispunge1622 retrench1645 liturate1656 excise1663 to scratch out1712 efface1737 extrapolate1831 α. β. 1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams f. 33 Drowsie drouping Age..With pensiue Plough will raze your hue.1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. iii. 132 The principall men..razed Vitellius name, and defaced his images.1627 G. Hakewill Apologie ii. iv. 94 Their writings to bee razed with sponges.1647 J. Hall Poems i. 67 Now I will raze those Characters I wrote.1709 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) II. 489 The clause formerly razed..is agreed to be kept in the bill.1756 T. Amory Life John Buncle I. liii. 313 Had he lived after the year 1701, he would, in all probability, have razed that likewise, and set down 1702.1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad ix. 378 At night's mid hour to raze the laws, The sacred bulwarks of the peoples' cause.a1861 T. Winthrop Life in Open Air (1863) 336 Europe has been wretchedly impeded and futilized in Art by worshipping men rather than God..and is now at pains to raze and reconstruct its theories.1887 H. R. Haggard She xxvi. 299 She was stamped and carven on our hearts, and no other woman or interest could ever raze that splendid die.1900 F. W. Bourdillon Through Gateway 18 Raze not the writing of God for your palimpsest!1972 P. G. Lane Wind Thoughts 8 Time and distance razes you—a Ulysses wandering fate-driven out of the universe but forever in the heart.a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 580 Lich to the bok in which is rased The lettre and mai nothing be rad. 1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 92 He is callid an heretike that rasith oure bileve. 1433 in I. S. Leadam & J. F. Baldwin Select Cases King's Council 1243–1482 (1918) 99 (MED) Hit is gretely noysed..that ye rased the record of Piers Seintjon. ?1456 J. Fastolf in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 152 Th'obligacion, as they surmitten, was rased. 1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. ii.viiv In like maner as letters be done awaye whan they be rased. 1542 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1862) IV. 333 The said Johne rasit the said wourd masculis. 1595 G. W. I. in E. Spenser Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. ¶4 No malice of succeeding daies, can rase those records of thy lasting praise. 1670 A. Marvell Let. to Mayor of Hull 22 Feb. in Wks. (1875) I. 302 To rase all records in their journalls of that matter, that all memory thereof might be extinguisht. 1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fifth 33 As the Tide rushing rases what is writ In yielding Sands. a1796 G. Campbell Lect. Eccl. Hist. (1800) II. xxiv. 278 This..shows plainly what were the things which, in several authors of reputation, were either altered or rased. 1918 D. H. Lawrence New Poems 17 To show you thus transfigured, changed, Your stuff all gone, your menace almost rased? (b) transitive. With adverb or preposition as away, from, etc. (in same sense). Also figurative. ΚΠ α. β. 1575 G. Fenton Golden Epist. f. 41v He hath razed them out of the register of Heauen.1606 W. Crashaw Falsificationum Romanarum 78 Is not such a Caluinisticall sentence worthy to be razed out for euer?1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 25 Of those Books..who knows..what hath bin raz'd out, what hath bin inserted.1693 A. Wood Life (1895) IV. 19 Altered the aforesaid originall papers, by razing out many lines, sentences, and words.1734 J. Swift Let. 19 Mar. in Wks. (1765) VIII. ii. 113 Having first razed out the writer's name, I have shown it to several gentlemen.1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) v. i. 151 Thy name is razed from out her records.1889 G. Gissing Nether World II. xii. 256 Shake your head and raze her name from that catalogue of saints whereon you have inscribed it in anticipation.1957 Rev. Eng. Stud. 8 300 Everyone who edits Shakespeare starts with some preconceptions fostered by literary training... These cannot be razed from the table of memory.2001 R. D. E. Burton Blood in City x. 197 Notre-Dame and Sacré-Cœur are razed from the Parisian skyline.a1450 (c1395) Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (New Coll. Oxf. Oxf.) 76 Whanne he scrapide or raside awey ony waast writyng. c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) ii. A. 2994 (MED) If she be noysed and hir name defased, It woll neuer after be cleene away rased. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 72 Out of my bookis full sone I shulde hym rase. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxxv. sig. Liij Drawen with black lead,..that you maye easely put oute or rase awaye. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. xxiii. 85 They had..rast forth the record of their habitation in Italy. 1658 J. Bramhall Consecration Protestant Bishops Justified vii. 148 Unlesse you can rase these words..out of the Statute. 1699 H. Wanley Let. 17 Sept. (1989) 136 Supposing it was mdxxxvii, by rasing the 4 last letters out, it become mdxx. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 16 A Scholar, that is absent from the University for five years,..is..rased out of the Matriculation Book. a1822 P. B. Shelley Fiordispina in Wks. (1904) 565/1 From the catalogue of sins Nature had rased their love. 1853 C. Kingsley in Fraser's Mag. Oct. 455 Let those too idolized names be rased hence-forth from the Calendar. 1902 J. Payne Poet. Wks. II. 126 Rase out the final words; I will rest with the first content; ‘Hated of men he died’ shall stand for my monument. 1951 Shakespeare Q. 2 114 The famous warrior, all his past forgot, quite raséd from the book of honor. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > alter by erasure racec1425 raze1429 the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > by scraping screpec725 scrape1303 to rub offa1425 raze1429 race?a1439 rash1650 derade1657 erade1657 α. β. 1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido iii. ii I will..raze th' eternal register of Time.1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law ii. 31 A deede razed is not good in your Law.1720 London Gaz. No. 5825/2 The Decrees..were razed.1724 Bp. T. Wilson in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. II (1863) xviii. 609 Razing or adding to records being ever accounted..penal.1429 Sc. Acts Jas. I II. 17/2 Swa þat þai halde þe forme of the breif..& be nocht rasit na blobit in suspect place. 1447 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) 18 (MED) My lorde..commaunded me to bryng the answeris to hym..and that he wolde amende hit with his awne hondis..and he rased hit as hit plesed hym. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 68 He..leid þe lettir upon Seint Petir auter..And aftir iii dayes he fond it rased and amendid aftir þe plesauns of God. 1654 T. Burton Diary (1828) I. 184 The same was, in divers places, rased, interlined, and half of one of the sheets cut off. 1697 View Penal Laws 308 Counterfeiting Rasing or Falsifying any Cocquet Certificate. 1731 in Acts of Assembly, Island Jamaica (1738) 249 If any Person whatsoever shall..rase, embezzle, or steal any Record of a Judgment or Decree entered or recorded in any Book of Entry or Record. a. transitive. To scrape (a thing) so as to remove something from its surface. Also: to scrape down into small particles, to grate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > remove or displace by scratching, scraping, stripping, or cutting bestrip1065 file?c1225 to cut awayc1320 raze1419 screeve?1440 rakec1475 to scrape out, forth1530 scrata1560 scrabble1657 scamble1707 peel1787 1419 Guildhall Let.-bk. in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 99 (MED) Diuers buttys and oþir vessels..are here rasyd and gummyd with picche, code, & oþir horrible & vnholsome þinges. 1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. ii.vi If a table be foule and fylthy of a longe contynuaunce, fyrst we rase it, after whan it is rased we wasshe it. 1562 W. Bullein Dial. Sorenes f. 48, in Bulwarke of Defence Whyte Guaicum rased, and put in a vessell. a1637 B. Jonson Masque of Gypsies 65 in tr. Horace Art of Poetry (1640) You are..A table so smooth, and so newly ra'ste. b. transitive. To shave (a person, a part of the body, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > shave shearc897 shave?c1225 strikec1275 razec1460 mow1647 scrapea1774 razora1783 tonsure1793 stubble1836 α. β. 1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. 262 Himself pinked and razed in the attire of a young bride-groom.1667 J. Evelyn Publick Employm. 95 Trifling amongst Barbers, razing and sprucing himself.1732 A. Bower Historia Litteraria 3 421 Both had their Heads raz'd.c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 2936 Hanybald..be-held his contenaunce & howe he was I-rasid. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. in Euphues (new ed.) f. 82v Then a friendly checke killeth thee, when a rasor cannot rase thee. 1674 W. Cunningham Diary 2 June (1887) 37 To a barber for rasing me. c. transitive. To scrape or graze in passing; to brush against. Also intransitive with on, upon in same sense. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move or cause to move progressively in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > move lightly over or along scum1513 shave1513 sweep1538 raze1555 grazea1616 frizzle1634 brush1647 brush1674 to brush (a thing) over1700 skim1796 skiff1807 scuff1818 skitter1885 swab1892 α. β. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Radere,..Also to raze or go along the shore as a ship doth.1844 Polytechnic Rev. & Mag. 1 165 The point or lower end of the spring on the hand travelling round the dial, will raze the edge of the small dial.1885 M. Blind Tarantella I. iii. 29 [The swallows] dive low, razing the grass, then soar aloft.1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iii. f. 15v The keele of the shyps sumtyme rased on the sandes. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 33 Rhene..rasing as it goes the high bankes [L. altaque divortia riparum adradens]..entreth into a round and vast lake. 1663 J. Beale Let. 2 Nov. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 158 In turning the key, the middle joynt of my middle finger rased on a nayle in the locke. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Rase To rase or glance upon the ground..is to gallop near the ground, as our English horses do. 1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 103 Sometimes, his feet rased the surface of the water. 1793 Rules & Regulations Formations His Majesty's Forces i. 31 Their own breast is the object, which the shoulders of the leaders of the divisions of a column in march rase in passing. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)] snithec725 carvec1000 cutc1275 slitc1275 hag1294 ritc1300 chop1362 slash1382 cut and carvea1398 flash?a1400 flish?a1400 slenda1400 race?a1425 raise?a1425 razea1425 scotch?c1425 ochec1440 slitec1450 ranch?a1525 scorchc1550 scalp1552 mincea1560 rash?1565 beslash1581 fent1589 engrave1590 nick1592 snip1593 carbonado1596 rescide1598 skice1600 entail1601 chip1609 wriggle1612 insecate1623 carbonate1629 carbonade1634 insecta1652 flick1676 sneg1718 snick1728 slot1747 sneck1817 tame1847 bite- α. β. 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 140 His death did raze hir harte.1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. c. 392 Then raze both the quarters of the hoofe with a drawing knife,..so deepe that you may see the dew come foorth.1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 102 It appeared rough, as if it had been prettily razed with the point of a Diamond.a1425 (a1349) R. Rolle Medit. on Passion (Uppsala) in Samfundet i Uppsala (1917) 19 46 Þou were so rased and rent..til al þi vtter blode was bledde. a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Oxf.) 4126 Partanopes Cote Was foule rasyd and eke I-rent. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 266 Thus they fared two owres and more, trasyng and rasyng eyther othir where they myght hitte ony bare place. 1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) iv. ii. 78 b Yf the reume be sharp it raseth the inner skinne of the throte. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. F4 They must be stiched finelie, pincked, cutte, karued, rased, nickt, and I cannot tell what. 1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse xiii. f. 70v They rased his skinne with a rasour till the bloud thrilled downe. 1665 J. Rea Flora ii. 19 Rase or cut the bottoms of your roots. 1680 W. Charleton Enq. Human Nature i. 23 The Cormorant..might otherwise have his gullet rased or cut by the prickles and scales of some of them. 1716 J. Gay Trivia ii. 36 Wheels o'er the harden'd waters smoothly glide, And rase with whiten'd tracks the slippery tide. ΚΠ α. β. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §739 Barbarous People that go Naked, do not onely Paint Themselves, but they Pownce and raze their Skin, that the Painting may not be taken forth.1844 Trial of Pedro de Zulueta 321 I razed them with a proper razing iron.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) 3 Kings vii. 28 Thilke werk of foundementis was rasid bitwixe [a1425 E.V. betwix grauyngis playn; L. interrasile]. 1590 R. Hakluyt tr. T. de Bry True Pictures People Virginia in T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia (new ed.) 67 The inhabitants of all the cuntrie for the most parte haue marks rased on their backs, wherby yt may be knowen what Princes subiects they bee. 1625 P. Heylyn Μικρόκοσμος (rev. ed.) 728 Benin, the people whereof doe cut and rase their skinne with three lines drawne to their nauell, esteeming it necessary to saluation. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 17 You must mark the out-lines..either with Chalk, or else rase upon the Plate with the corner of the Cold Chissel. 1754 M. Murray Treat. Ship-building & Navigation ii. ii. 143 The timber may be rased by the bend mould, both inside and outside, from the head to the floor sirmark. 1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) at Rasing-knife A small edged tool..used for rasing particular marks on timber. 1873 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. iii. 46 This inside line is rased or scratched in. c. transitive. To cut or wound slightly; to graze (the skin, a part of the body, etc.). Now rare (chiefly regional in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > scratch or graze cratchc1320 scrat1340 cramse1440 scratch1474 crutch1481 rata1560 razea1586 gravel1608 ravel1621 graze1701 ruffle1731 skin1795 bark1850 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scratch clawc1000 scrat1340 frushc1430 scrapec1440 scartc1480 scrab1481 heckle?1507 mouse1531 bescratch1555 razea1586 ferret-claw1591 scrub1596 beclaw1603 bescramble1605 rake1609 shrub1657 talon1685 α. β. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xxiv. f. 342v The point swarued, and razed him but vpon the side.1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 403 Might not the Bullet, that perhaps rased his Cheek, have as easily gone into his Head?1719 E. Young Busiris v. 68 I cou'd not bear To raze thy Skin, to save the World from Ruin.1789 H. Brooke Montezuma iv. iv. 322 Thou dost but raze The whiteness of her skin.1808 W. Scott Marmion iii. xxvi. 159 Yet did a splinter of his lance Through Alexander's visor glance, And razed the skin—a puny wound.1852 H. W. Herbert Knights of Eng., France & Scotl. 57 The barbed arrow grazed the withers of the game..leaving a gory line where it had razed the skin.1899 Shetland News 18 Feb. De're I'm raaz'd da ba' o'me haan apo' dis deevil's toarns.1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. xxi. 235 Sir William Godolphin a little rased on the thigh with a Halbert. 1830 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia 273 Rase, v. to cut or scratch superficially, to wound or abrade skin deep. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > penetrate wade993 smitec1275 reachc1300 piercea1325 sinkc1330 enterc1350 soundc1374 thirl1398 racea1420 takea1425 penetrate1530 penetre?1533 ransack1562 strike1569 thread1670 raze1677 perforate1769 spit1850 riddle1856 1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. 39 Sorely wounded by a bullet that rased to his skull. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > measurement of capacity [verb (transitive)] > level off a measure with a stick strike14.. raze1495 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 4 §2 Be it also enacted, that ther be but only viij. busshelles rased and streken to the quarter of Corne. 6. a. transitive. To tear down, demolish, or level (a building, town, etc.). Formerly occasionally with †up. In later use esp. in to raze to the ground. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break down, demolish, or ruin spillc950 fellOE to cast downc1230 destroy1297 to turn up?c1335 to throw down1340 to ding downc1380 to break downa1382 subverta1382 underturn1382 to take downc1384 falla1400 to make (a building, etc.) plain (with the earth)a1400 voida1400 brittenc1400 to burst downc1440 to pull downc1450 pluck1481 tumble1487 wreck1510 defacea1513 confound1523 raze1523 arase1530 to beat downc1540 ruinate1548 demolish1560 plane1562 to shovel down1563 race?1567 ruin1585 rape1597 unwall1598 to bluster down16.. raise1603 level1614 debolish1615 unbuilda1616 to make smooth work of1616 slight1640 to knock down1776 squabash1822 collapse1883 to turn over1897 mash1924 rubble1945 to take apart1978 α. β. a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Civ I saw Troye fall..Neptunus town clene razed from the soil.1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. xvii. 302 A certain Sirian..pulled downe castles, razed vp townes, & destroied euery where.1633 G. Herbert Sacrifice in Temple xvii Some said, that I the Temple to the floore In three dayes raz'd.1690 N. Lee Massacre of Paris v. iv, 50 The Hostel de Chastillon Be raz'd for ever.1767 G. Lyttelton Hist. Henry II II. 339 The enemy..entered triumphant into Hereford, spoiled and fired the city, razed the walls to the ground [etc.].1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) I. xxiv. 690 The fortifications were razed to the ground.1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. iii. ii. 377 If it were refused, the Aztecs would raze their cities to their foundations.1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 40 Having razed Troy with her strong defences I should see my home again.1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 61/1 In 1647 the parliamentarian troops razed the castle to the ground.1962 A. MacLean Satan Bug vi. 91 That stronghold of the Antichrist must be utterly razed so that no stone be left standing.2006 S. Ings Weight of Numbers 36 The garage and the tea shop were gone, razed, a greenfield Tesco in their place.1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. f. C.xcviiv/1 The fortresse was rased and beaten downe to the erthe. 1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 168 And thervpon the Uenetians toke, sacked and rased their houses to the earth. 1574 J. Studley tr. J. Bale Pageant of Popes f. 114v He assaulted & wan diuers townes, some he sacked and razed to the grounde, some he burnt with fier. 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms cxxxvii. 7 Remember, O Lord, the children of Edom, in the day of Jerusalem; who sayd, rase it, rase it: euen to the foundation thereof. View more context for this quotation 1659 Mercurius Politicus No. 592. 822 His Goods also have been confiscated, his house razed to the ground. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 302 They..rased the noblest Structures in the Land, to sell the Materials. 1762 T. Flloyd tr. N. L. Dufresnoy Chronological Tables II. 66 The Goths took, and rased the city of Milan. 1791 J. West Edmund Ironside ii. iii, in Misc. Poems 156 Your sacred groves shall never be invaded. No ruffian hand shall rase your walls. 1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands vi. 158 Ibrahim Pasha..rased their houses to the ground. 1901 F. W. Rolfe Chron. House Borgia 89 He and his brother were forced to look on while his house was rased to the ground. 1961 E. Fitzgerald tr. S. Labin Anthill vi. 97 The Chinese Communist Government has ordered that the tombs..shall be rased and the dead collectivised by being transferred to public cemeteries. 1991 H. Kamen Spain, 1469–1714 iii. 174 2,500 inhabitants, including women and children, were slaughtered, the town was rased and salt poured over it. b. transitive. To remove completely, esp. from a place, situation, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > thoroughly raze1580 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 71 That ye heat of thy loue might cleane be razed with ye coldnes of my letter. 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. lxxvii. 158 [God] by sending universal deluges of water, razed mankind..from off the world. 1738 tr. S. Guazzo Art of Conversat. ii. 137 Dant, therefore, observes very well, that Races razed are. 1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist iv. i. 238 In Henoch, ‘the Son of Man’ is about to raze kings from their thrones. 1914 A. C. Curtis tr. G. Ferrero Greatness & Decline Rome ii. iv. 83 A ruin of shattered monuments,..of roads, villages, cities razed from the face of the earth. ΚΠ 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Raze A horse is said to have razed, whose corner teeth cease to be hollow; so that the cavity, where the black mark was, is filled up. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.11530n.2a1728v.a1387 |
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