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单词 raze
释义

razen.1

Forms:

α. 1500s–1700s rase.

β. 1500s–1700s raze.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: raze v.
Etymology: < raze v. Compare earlier race n.3 (and see discussion of forms at raze v.), razing n.
Obsolete.
1. The act of scraping or scratching; the fact of being scratched or cut.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun]
bita1000
kerfc1000
slittingc1175
carving?c1225
chop1362
cuttinga1398
hacking1398
scissure?a1425
garsingc1440
racing?a1450
incision1474
secting1507
raze1530
chopping1548
scotching1551
hackling1564
slashing1596
carbonadoing1599
kinsing1599
insection1653
secation1656
scission1676
gash1694
inciding1694
haggling1761
cut1808
shear1809
carve1888
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > [noun] > scratching, scraping, or abrasion
clawing1398
razinga1400
scrattinga1400
scrapingc1440
scrape1483
raze1530
rasure1596
rasion1617
scrub1621
scrubbing1622
scrapelet1625
grazing1698
scratch1765
rake1869
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 261/1 Rase, a scrapyng, rasure.
1612 R. Hooker Remedy Against Sorrow & Fear 9 Perceaue we not how they whose tendernesse shrinketh at the least rase of a needles point, do kisse the sword that pearceth their soules quite through?
1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 266 The rase of whose skinne..was more then the torment of their wretched Bodyes.
2. A scratch, a cut, a slit. Also figurative. Cf. race n.3
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] > a cut or incision
garse?c1225
chinea1387
slit1398
incisionc1400
slivingc1400
raising?a1425
scotchc1450
racec1500
tranchec1500
kerf?1523
hack1555
slash1580
hew1596
raze1596
incutting1598
slisha1616
scar1653
lancementa1655
slap1688
slip1688
nick1692
streak1725
sneck1768
snick1775
rut1785
sliver1806
overcut1874
α.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 499 All the hacks, cuts, gashes, and rases all ouer the body.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 17 Take the cold Chissel in your left hand, and set the edge of it upon that mark or rase.
1714 D. Turner De Morbis Cutaneis ii. ix. 250 Upon the right Leg a small Rase of the Cuticle had been occasion'd by the Edge of the Stair, down the Ridge of the Tibia.
1770 N. May Impartial Remarks Suttonian Method Inoculation 162 The slightest scratch or rase in the cuticle of some constitutions, without the interposition of poisonous matter, shall cause the part to rankle or fester.
β. 1596 E. L. Romes Monarchie xiv. sig. K When whistling windes do sheere the tender skinne, And razor like, piercing, doth make a raze On seelie creatures, barely clad, and thinne.1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. c. 383 If you make two razes on each side, it shall bee so much the better.1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. i. 21 A man had better receive twenty wounds in his good name, then but a single raze in his conscience.1753 J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery xxiv. 220 The joint should be fired gently with small razes or lines pretty close together, and then covered with a mercurial plaister.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

razen.2

Origin: Of unknown origin.
Etymology: Origin unknown.
English regional (Cornwall). Mining. Obsolete. rare.
A clay slate found in Cornwall; = killas n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > metamorphic rock > [noun] > slate > argillaceous > varieties of
killas1673
razea1728
hone-stone1796
whet-slate1839
Arkansas1869
a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) 202 The Surface is of a Raze, and a little red Earth. The second stratum is of a white Clay, intermixed with this sort of Raze, as the Miners call Kellows.
1728 J. Woodward Fossils All Kinds 54 The Tin-Veins..are either in Strata of Growan, or of that grey, Talky, Slaty Stone, that the Tinners call Killas, Raze, or Delvin.
1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 92 These stones generally dip towards the West, and rise flat, of a very even thickness, for which reason I imagine they are called by the Tinners, Raze.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online September 2020).

razev.

Brit. /reɪz/, U.S. /reɪz/
Forms:

α. Middle English raas, Middle English rafit (past tense, transmission error), Middle English rasse, Middle English rateth (3rd singular present indicative, transmission error), Middle English rese, Middle English– rase; Scottish pre-1700 ras, pre-1700 rase, pre-1700 rasse.

β. 1500s– raze; Scottish pre-1700 1700s– raze, 1800s raaze (Shetland).

See also race v.2, raise v.2
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French raser.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rasere, rasser, Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French raser to shave (a person, a part of the body, etc.) (late 12th cent. in Old French; earliest in sense †‘to fill to the brim’ (c1140)), to scrape or graze in passing (late 12th cent.), to strike off (corn, etc.) at the level of the measure (end of the 12th cent. or earlier), to tear down, demolish, level (a town, etc.) (late 13th cent.), to erase (writing) (a1321 or earlier), to polish (a stone) (1355), (of a horse) to lose the black marks in the cavities of the corner teeth as they become smooth with age (1678) < an unattested post-classical Latin variant (with generalization of the past participial stem rās- ) of classical Latin rādere to scrape, scratch, to scrape off, to shave, to rub smooth, to erase (writing), to touch lightly in passing, in post-classical Latin also to strike off (grain) at the level of the measure (from 12th cent. in British sources); of uncertain origin. Compare post-classical Latin rasare to level with the ground, to raze (12th cent.; 13th cent. in British sources), to erase (13th cent. in a British source), to strike off (grain) at the level of the measure (14th cent. in a British source), Catalan rasar (14th cent.), Spanish rasar (end of the 15th cent.), Portuguese rasar (1642), Italian rasare (1598). Compare later race v.2, raise v.2, and rash v.3 Compare also arase v.With form rese perhaps compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French rere ( < classical Latin rādere ), with a similar range of senses. It is uncertain whether -s- in some of the α. forms shows a voiced or unvoiced consonant. Compare race v.2
1. With away, off, out, or prepositional phrase.
a. transitive. To remove by scraping or rasping; to scrape off or out; to cut or shave off. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scrape > scrape off or away
scrapea1382
razea1387
abradea1676
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off > in thin slices
parea1382
shave1382
razea1387
skive1875
α.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 303 (MED) He rasede [L. corrosit] of oon beem of þat cherche fyve hundred mark of silver.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) Wisd. xiii. 11 A carpenter hewith doun..a streiȝt tre and rasith awei [a1382 E.V. pare awei; L. eradat] perfitli al the riynde therof.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. 236 (MED) Hit cleue Vnto the roote, and with an yron se The mary rased out.
1722 D. Turner Art of Surg. II. vi. 99 With your Scalprum..you may rase off so much of the discoloured or tainted Cortex.
1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness ii. 13 Nothing which occurs in after-life can rase the seal off the bond of their Baptism.
β. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 361 Earths..which the..salt in the water razeth off from several rocks.a1708 W. Beveridge Thes. Theologicus (1711) III. 347 Drunkenness..razeth out the image of God, and stampeth the image of beasts upon us.
b. transitive. figurative. Now rare. Not always distinguishable from the figurative use of sense 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)]
dilghec897
scrape1303
washc1380
fade1398
razea1425
out-razec1425
racec1450
enrasea1492
stramp1535
wipe1535
facec1540
cancel1559
outblot1573
to wash out1580
to blur out1581
obliterate1607
efface1611
dislimna1616
excerebrate1621
demark1655
rufflea1680
erase1695
scrub1828
overscore1834
elide1846
trash1859
to wipe (off) the slate1921
α.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) Jer. xi. 19 Sende we a tre in to the brede of hym, and rase we hym awei [a1382 E.V. shaue wee hym out; L. eradamus eum] fro the lond of lyueris.
1560 tr. Calvin's Foure Serm. N viii Thei which did wishe it [sc. the church] vtterly rased out and destroyed.
1582 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 419 Hopinge..wth goode behavioure to rase owt of memorie this my..discredite.
a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie vii. xvi, in Wks. (1662) 46 All standing superiority amongst persons Ecclesiastical these men would rase off with the edge of his speech.
1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 223 That which the most profligate men cannot rase out of their souls.
1726 D. Defoe Polit. Hist. Devil i. x. 156 The Devil did not immediately rase out the Notion of Religion.
1748 W. Shenstone Ode to Memory 41 Oh from my breast that season rase.
1898 R. Hovey Launcelot & Guenevere III. iii. 64 All the blind night from my soul is rased.
β. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 285 As for that which is euil, they raze it out of their memories.1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 147 This base and ingrate person razed me out of her affection.1712 S. Centlivre Perplex'd Lovers v. ii. 47 I know thy Soul too well, to think six Hours can raze me from thy Heart.1816 C. Lamb Glenarvon I. viii. 69 It seemed his desire to raze every trace of sorrow from the memory of his child.1877 W. E. Gladstone in 19th Cent. Aug. 157 If we raze out all our earlier protests.1946 T. Mann in Eng. Jrnl. 35 287/1 One may say that it [sc. literature] razes out passions through the mind and by the word.
2.
a. To erase or obliterate (writing, a record, etc.), originally by scraping. Also figurative.
(a) transitive. Without adverb or preposition. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > writing, etc.
deface1340
razea1393
blot1530
to put out1530
delete1540
dispunct1570
obliterate1578
expunct1596
expunge1602
erase1605
dele1612
dispunge1622
retrench1645
liturate1656
excise1663
to scratch out1712
efface1737
extrapolate1831
α.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 580 Lich to the bok in which is rased The lettre and mai nothing be rad.
1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 92 He is callid an heretike that rasith oure bileve.
1433 in I. S. Leadam & J. F. Baldwin Select Cases King's Council 1243–1482 (1918) 99 (MED) Hit is gretely noysed..that ye rased the record of Piers Seintjon.
?1456 J. Fastolf in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 152 Th'obligacion, as they surmitten, was rased.
1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. ii.viiv In like maner as letters be done awaye whan they be rased.
1542 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1862) IV. 333 The said Johne rasit the said wourd masculis.
1595 G. W. I. in E. Spenser Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. ¶4 No malice of succeeding daies, can rase those records of thy lasting praise.
1670 A. Marvell Let. to Mayor of Hull 22 Feb. in Wks. (1875) I. 302 To rase all records in their journalls of that matter, that all memory thereof might be extinguisht.
1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fifth 33 As the Tide rushing rases what is writ In yielding Sands.
a1796 G. Campbell Lect. Eccl. Hist. (1800) II. xxiv. 278 This..shows plainly what were the things which, in several authors of reputation, were either altered or rased.
1918 D. H. Lawrence New Poems 17 To show you thus transfigured, changed, Your stuff all gone, your menace almost rased?
β. 1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams f. 33 Drowsie drouping Age..With pensiue Plough will raze your hue.1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. iii. 132 The principall men..razed Vitellius name, and defaced his images.1627 G. Hakewill Apologie ii. iv. 94 Their writings to bee razed with sponges.1647 J. Hall Poems i. 67 Now I will raze those Characters I wrote.1709 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) II. 489 The clause formerly razed..is agreed to be kept in the bill.1756 T. Amory Life John Buncle I. liii. 313 Had he lived after the year 1701, he would, in all probability, have razed that likewise, and set down 1702.1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad ix. 378 At night's mid hour to raze the laws, The sacred bulwarks of the peoples' cause.a1861 T. Winthrop Life in Open Air (1863) 336 Europe has been wretchedly impeded and futilized in Art by worshipping men rather than God..and is now at pains to raze and reconstruct its theories.1887 H. R. Haggard She xxvi. 299 She was stamped and carven on our hearts, and no other woman or interest could ever raze that splendid die.1900 F. W. Bourdillon Through Gateway 18 Raze not the writing of God for your palimpsest!1972 P. G. Lane Wind Thoughts 8 Time and distance razes you—a Ulysses wandering fate-driven out of the universe but forever in the heart.
(b) transitive. With adverb or preposition as away, from, etc. (in same sense). Also figurative.
ΚΠ
α.
a1450 (c1395) Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (New Coll. Oxf. Oxf.) 76 Whanne he scrapide or raside awey ony waast writyng.
c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) ii. A. 2994 (MED) If she be noysed and hir name defased, It woll neuer after be cleene away rased.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 72 Out of my bookis full sone I shulde hym rase.
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxxv. sig. Liij Drawen with black lead,..that you maye easely put oute or rase awaye.
1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. xxiii. 85 They had..rast forth the record of their habitation in Italy.
1658 J. Bramhall Consecration Protestant Bishops Justified vii. 148 Unlesse you can rase these words..out of the Statute.
1699 H. Wanley Let. 17 Sept. (1989) 136 Supposing it was mdxxxvii, by rasing the 4 last letters out, it become mdxx.
1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 16 A Scholar, that is absent from the University for five years,..is..rased out of the Matriculation Book.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Fiordispina in Wks. (1904) 565/1 From the catalogue of sins Nature had rased their love.
1853 C. Kingsley in Fraser's Mag. Oct. 455 Let those too idolized names be rased hence-forth from the Calendar.
1902 J. Payne Poet. Wks. II. 126 Rase out the final words; I will rest with the first content; ‘Hated of men he died’ shall stand for my monument.
1951 Shakespeare Q. 2 114 The famous warrior, all his past forgot, quite raséd from the book of honor.
β. 1575 G. Fenton Golden Epist. f. 41v He hath razed them out of the register of Heauen.1606 W. Crashaw Falsificationum Romanarum 78 Is not such a Caluinisticall sentence worthy to be razed out for euer?1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 25 Of those Books..who knows..what hath bin raz'd out, what hath bin inserted.1693 A. Wood Life (1895) IV. 19 Altered the aforesaid originall papers, by razing out many lines, sentences, and words.1734 J. Swift Let. 19 Mar. in Wks. (1765) VIII. ii. 113 Having first razed out the writer's name, I have shown it to several gentlemen.1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) v. i. 151 Thy name is razed from out her records.1889 G. Gissing Nether World II. xii. 256 Shake your head and raze her name from that catalogue of saints whereon you have inscribed it in anticipation.1957 Rev. Eng. Stud. 8 300 Everyone who edits Shakespeare starts with some preconceptions fostered by literary training... These cannot be razed from the table of memory.2001 R. D. E. Burton Blood in City x. 197 Notre-Dame and Sacré-Cœur are razed from the Parisian skyline.
b. transitive. To alter (a manuscript, etc.) by erasure. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > alter by erasure
racec1425
raze1429
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > by scraping
screpec725
scrape1303
to rub offa1425
raze1429
race?a1439
rash1650
derade1657
erade1657
α.
1429 Sc. Acts Jas. I II. 17/2 Swa þat þai halde þe forme of the breif..& be nocht rasit na blobit in suspect place.
1447 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) 18 (MED) My lorde..commaunded me to bryng the answeris to hym..and that he wolde amende hit with his awne hondis..and he rased hit as hit plesed hym.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 68 He..leid þe lettir upon Seint Petir auter..And aftir iii dayes he fond it rased and amendid aftir þe plesauns of God.
1654 T. Burton Diary (1828) I. 184 The same was, in divers places, rased, interlined, and half of one of the sheets cut off.
1697 View Penal Laws 308 Counterfeiting Rasing or Falsifying any Cocquet Certificate.
1731 in Acts of Assembly, Island Jamaica (1738) 249 If any Person whatsoever shall..rase, embezzle, or steal any Record of a Judgment or Decree entered or recorded in any Book of Entry or Record.
β. 1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido iii. ii I will..raze th' eternal register of Time.1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law ii. 31 A deede razed is not good in your Law.1720 London Gaz. No. 5825/2 The Decrees..were razed.1724 Bp. T. Wilson in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. II (1863) xviii. 609 Razing or adding to records being ever accounted..penal.
3.
a. transitive. To scrape (a thing) so as to remove something from its surface. Also: to scrape down into small particles, to grate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > remove or displace by scratching, scraping, stripping, or cutting
bestrip1065
file?c1225
to cut awayc1320
raze1419
screeve?1440
rakec1475
to scrape out, forth1530
scrata1560
scrabble1657
scamble1707
peel1787
1419 Guildhall Let.-bk. in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 99 (MED) Diuers buttys and oþir vessels..are here rasyd and gummyd with picche, code, & oþir horrible & vnholsome þinges.
1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. ii.vi If a table be foule and fylthy of a longe contynuaunce, fyrst we rase it, after whan it is rased we wasshe it.
1562 W. Bullein Dial. Sorenes f. 48, in Bulwarke of Defence Whyte Guaicum rased, and put in a vessell.
a1637 B. Jonson Masque of Gypsies 65 in tr. Horace Art of Poetry (1640) You are..A table so smooth, and so newly ra'ste.
b. transitive. To shave (a person, a part of the body, etc.). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > shave
shearc897
shave?c1225
strikec1275
razec1460
mow1647
scrapea1774
razora1783
tonsure1793
stubble1836
α.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 2936 Hanybald..be-held his contenaunce & howe he was I-rasid.
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. in Euphues (new ed.) f. 82v Then a friendly checke killeth thee, when a rasor cannot rase thee.
1674 W. Cunningham Diary 2 June (1887) 37 To a barber for rasing me.
β. 1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. 262 Himself pinked and razed in the attire of a young bride-groom.1667 J. Evelyn Publick Employm. 95 Trifling amongst Barbers, razing and sprucing himself.1732 A. Bower Historia Litteraria 3 421 Both had their Heads raz'd.
c. transitive. To scrape or graze in passing; to brush against. Also intransitive with on, upon in same sense. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move or cause to move progressively in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > move lightly over or along
scum1513
shave1513
sweep1538
raze1555
grazea1616
frizzle1634
brush1647
brush1674
to brush (a thing) over1700
skim1796
skiff1807
scuff1818
skitter1885
swab1892
α.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iii. f. 15v The keele of the shyps sumtyme rased on the sandes.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 33 Rhene..rasing as it goes the high bankes [L. altaque divortia riparum adradens]..entreth into a round and vast lake.
1663 J. Beale Let. 2 Nov. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 158 In turning the key, the middle joynt of my middle finger rased on a nayle in the locke.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Rase To rase or glance upon the ground..is to gallop near the ground, as our English horses do.
1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 103 Sometimes, his feet rased the surface of the water.
1793 Rules & Regulations Formations His Majesty's Forces i. 31 Their own breast is the object, which the shoulders of the leaders of the divisions of a column in march rase in passing.
β. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Radere,..Also to raze or go along the shore as a ship doth.1844 Polytechnic Rev. & Mag. 1 165 The point or lower end of the spring on the hand travelling round the dial, will raze the edge of the small dial.1885 M. Blind Tarantella I. iii. 29 [The swallows] dive low, razing the grass, then soar aloft.
4.
a. transitive. To scratch or tear with something sharp; to cut, slit, or slash (esp. the skin or clothing). Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)]
snithec725
carvec1000
cutc1275
slitc1275
hag1294
ritc1300
chop1362
slash1382
cut and carvea1398
flash?a1400
flish?a1400
slenda1400
race?a1425
raise?a1425
razea1425
scotch?c1425
ochec1440
slitec1450
ranch?a1525
scorchc1550
scalp1552
mincea1560
rash?1565
beslash1581
fent1589
engrave1590
nick1592
snip1593
carbonado1596
rescide1598
skice1600
entail1601
chip1609
wriggle1612
insecate1623
carbonate1629
carbonade1634
insecta1652
flick1676
sneg1718
snick1728
slot1747
sneck1817
tame1847
bite-
α.
a1425 (a1349) R. Rolle Medit. on Passion (Uppsala) in Samfundet i Uppsala (1917) 19 46 Þou were so rased and rent..til al þi vtter blode was bledde.
a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Oxf.) 4126 Partanopes Cote Was foule rasyd and eke I-rent.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 266 Thus they fared two owres and more, trasyng and rasyng eyther othir where they myght hitte ony bare place.
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) iv. ii. 78 b Yf the reume be sharp it raseth the inner skinne of the throte.
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. F4 They must be stiched finelie, pincked, cutte, karued, rased, nickt, and I cannot tell what.
1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse xiii. f. 70v They rased his skinne with a rasour till the bloud thrilled downe.
1665 J. Rea Flora ii. 19 Rase or cut the bottoms of your roots.
1680 W. Charleton Enq. Human Nature i. 23 The Cormorant..might otherwise have his gullet rased or cut by the prickles and scales of some of them.
1716 J. Gay Trivia ii. 36 Wheels o'er the harden'd waters smoothly glide, And rase with whiten'd tracks the slippery tide.
β. 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 140 His death did raze hir harte.1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. c. 392 Then raze both the quarters of the hoofe with a drawing knife,..so deepe that you may see the dew come foorth.1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 102 It appeared rough, as if it had been prettily razed with the point of a Diamond.
b. transitive. To incise or carve (a mark or line); to inscribe, to engrave (a surface, an object, etc.). Also intransitive. Obsolete.In later use esp.: to mark out the parts of a ship during construction.
ΚΠ
α.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) 3 Kings vii. 28 Thilke werk of foundementis was rasid bitwixe [a1425 E.V. betwix grauyngis playn; L. interrasile].
1590 R. Hakluyt tr. T. de Bry True Pictures People Virginia in T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia (new ed.) 67 The inhabitants of all the cuntrie for the most parte haue marks rased on their backs, wherby yt may be knowen what Princes subiects they bee.
1625 P. Heylyn Μικρόκοσμος (rev. ed.) 728 Benin, the people whereof doe cut and rase their skinne with three lines drawne to their nauell, esteeming it necessary to saluation.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 17 You must mark the out-lines..either with Chalk, or else rase upon the Plate with the corner of the Cold Chissel.
1754 M. Murray Treat. Ship-building & Navigation ii. ii. 143 The timber may be rased by the bend mould, both inside and outside, from the head to the floor sirmark.
1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) at Rasing-knife A small edged tool..used for rasing particular marks on timber.
1873 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. iii. 46 This inside line is rased or scratched in.
β. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §739 Barbarous People that go Naked, do not onely Paint Themselves, but they Pownce and raze their Skin, that the Painting may not be taken forth.1844 Trial of Pedro de Zulueta 321 I razed them with a proper razing iron.
c. transitive. To cut or wound slightly; to graze (the skin, a part of the body, etc.). Now rare (chiefly regional in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > scratch or graze
cratchc1320
scrat1340
cramse1440
scratch1474
crutch1481
rata1560
razea1586
gravel1608
ravel1621
graze1701
ruffle1731
skin1795
bark1850
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scratch
clawc1000
scrat1340
frushc1430
scrapec1440
scartc1480
scrab1481
heckle?1507
mouse1531
bescratch1555
razea1586
ferret-claw1591
scrub1596
beclaw1603
bescramble1605
rake1609
shrub1657
talon1685
α.
1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. xxi. 235 Sir William Godolphin a little rased on the thigh with a Halbert.
1830 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia 273 Rase, v. to cut or scratch superficially, to wound or abrade skin deep.
β. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xxiv. f. 342v The point swarued, and razed him but vpon the side.1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 403 Might not the Bullet, that perhaps rased his Cheek, have as easily gone into his Head?1719 E. Young Busiris v. 68 I cou'd not bear To raze thy Skin, to save the World from Ruin.1789 H. Brooke Montezuma iv. iv. 322 Thou dost but raze The whiteness of her skin.1808 W. Scott Marmion iii. xxvi. 159 Yet did a splinter of his lance Through Alexander's visor glance, And razed the skin—a puny wound.1852 H. W. Herbert Knights of Eng., France & Scotl. 57 The barbed arrow grazed the withers of the game..leaving a gory line where it had razed the skin.1899 Shetland News 18 Feb. De're I'm raaz'd da ba' o'me haan apo' dis deevil's toarns.
d. intransitive. To cut a path, to pierce through. Cf. race v.2 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > penetrate
wade993
smitec1275
reachc1300
piercea1325
sinkc1330
enterc1350
soundc1374
thirl1398
racea1420
takea1425
penetrate1530
penetre?1533
ransack1562
strike1569
thread1670
raze1677
perforate1769
spit1850
riddle1856
1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. 39 Sorely wounded by a bullet that rased to his skull.
5. transitive. To strike off (corn, etc.) at the level of the measure; to level off. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > measurement of capacity [verb (transitive)] > level off a measure with a stick
strike14..
raze1495
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 4 §2 Be it also enacted, that ther be but only viij. busshelles rased and streken to the quarter of Corne.
6.
a. transitive. To tear down, demolish, or level (a building, town, etc.). Formerly occasionally with †up. In later use esp. in to raze to the ground.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break down, demolish, or ruin
spillc950
fellOE
to cast downc1230
destroy1297
to turn up?c1335
to throw down1340
to ding downc1380
to break downa1382
subverta1382
underturn1382
to take downc1384
falla1400
to make (a building, etc.) plain (with the earth)a1400
voida1400
brittenc1400
to burst downc1440
to pull downc1450
pluck1481
tumble1487
wreck1510
defacea1513
confound1523
raze1523
arase1530
to beat downc1540
ruinate1548
demolish1560
plane1562
to shovel down1563
race?1567
ruin1585
rape1597
unwall1598
to bluster down16..
raise1603
level1614
debolish1615
unbuilda1616
to make smooth work of1616
slight1640
to knock down1776
squabash1822
collapse1883
to turn over1897
mash1924
rubble1945
to take apart1978
α.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. f. C.xcviiv/1 The fortresse was rased and beaten downe to the erthe.
1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 168 And thervpon the Uenetians toke, sacked and rased their houses to the earth.
1574 J. Studley tr. J. Bale Pageant of Popes f. 114v He assaulted & wan diuers townes, some he sacked and razed to the grounde, some he burnt with fier.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms cxxxvii. 7 Remember, O Lord, the children of Edom, in the day of Jerusalem; who sayd, rase it, rase it: euen to the foundation thereof. View more context for this quotation
1659 Mercurius Politicus No. 592. 822 His Goods also have been confiscated, his house razed to the ground.
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 302 They..rased the noblest Structures in the Land, to sell the Materials.
1762 T. Flloyd tr. N. L. Dufresnoy Chronological Tables II. 66 The Goths took, and rased the city of Milan.
1791 J. West Edmund Ironside ii. iii, in Misc. Poems 156 Your sacred groves shall never be invaded. No ruffian hand shall rase your walls.
1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands vi. 158 Ibrahim Pasha..rased their houses to the ground.
1901 F. W. Rolfe Chron. House Borgia 89 He and his brother were forced to look on while his house was rased to the ground.
1961 E. Fitzgerald tr. S. Labin Anthill vi. 97 The Chinese Communist Government has ordered that the tombs..shall be rased and the dead collectivised by being transferred to public cemeteries.
1991 H. Kamen Spain, 1469–1714 iii. 174 2,500 inhabitants, including women and children, were slaughtered, the town was rased and salt poured over it.
β. a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Civ I saw Troye fall..Neptunus town clene razed from the soil.1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. xvii. 302 A certain Sirian..pulled downe castles, razed vp townes, & destroied euery where.1633 G. Herbert Sacrifice in Temple xvii Some said, that I the Temple to the floore In three dayes raz'd.1690 N. Lee Massacre of Paris v. iv, 50 The Hostel de Chastillon Be raz'd for ever.1767 G. Lyttelton Hist. Henry II II. 339 The enemy..entered triumphant into Hereford, spoiled and fired the city, razed the walls to the ground [etc.].1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) I. xxiv. 690 The fortifications were razed to the ground.1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. iii. ii. 377 If it were refused, the Aztecs would raze their cities to their foundations.1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 40 Having razed Troy with her strong defences I should see my home again.1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 61/1 In 1647 the parliamentarian troops razed the castle to the ground.1962 A. MacLean Satan Bug vi. 91 That stronghold of the Antichrist must be utterly razed so that no stone be left standing.2006 S. Ings Weight of Numbers 36 The garage and the tea shop were gone, razed, a greenfield Tesco in their place.
b. transitive. To remove completely, esp. from a place, situation, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > thoroughly
raze1580
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 71 That ye heat of thy loue might cleane be razed with ye coldnes of my letter.
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. lxxvii. 158 [God] by sending universal deluges of water, razed mankind..from off the world.
1738 tr. S. Guazzo Art of Conversat. ii. 137 Dant, therefore, observes very well, that Races razed are.
1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist iv. i. 238 In Henoch, ‘the Son of Man’ is about to raze kings from their thrones.
1914 A. C. Curtis tr. G. Ferrero Greatness & Decline Rome ii. iv. 83 A ruin of shattered monuments,..of roads, villages, cities razed from the face of the earth.
7. intransitive. Of a horse: to lose the black marks (see mark n.1 20) in the cavities of the corner teeth as they become smooth with age. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Raze A horse is said to have razed, whose corner teeth cease to be hollow; so that the cavity, where the black mark was, is filled up.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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