raylessadj.

Brit.

/ˈreɪlᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈreɪləs/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ray n.⁵, -less suffix.

Etymology: < ray n.⁵ + -less suffix.

I. With reference to rays of light or energy.

1. Devoid of any ray of light; dark, gloomy. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adjective]

blinda1000

darkOE

lightlessOE

murkOE

therka1325

murkfula1400

unsheena1400

tenebrousc1420

tenebrose1490

tenebrate1492

sable?a1513

unlightsome1574

tenebrious1594

blindfold1601

Stygian1602

dayless1657

unenlightened1662

darklinga1718

rayless1727

tenebrific1786

twinkless1830

transdiurnal1848

glimmerless1889

gleamless1891

unlightened1896

1727 D. Lewis Philip of Macedon 25 With down-cast Eyes he hung his Head, Shrunk like the Sun-flow'r in the rayless Night.

1794 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 116 Faint was that Hope and rayless.

1820 Ellen Fitzarthur 52 Ah rayless, joyless, lifeless state!

1845 G. P. R. James Smuggler III. 94 Rayless, dull despair.

1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas II. 68 The rayless homes Of gloomy Hades.

1875 L. Morris Songs of Two Worlds 3rd Ser. 70 Those dear souls, who sleep..In rayless caverns dim.

a1916 J. London Red One in Red One (1918) 39 A shy visitant, from the rayless crypts of matter.

1969 D. F. Costello Prairie World xi. 202 The street lights..were merely points of light in a turbid rayless atmosphere in which no object was distinct.

2002 L.A. Weekly (Nexis) 29 Nov. 22 In the opening canticle of ‘The Inferno’, the Pilgrim descends into the underworld... There in the rayless gloom he encounters the various modalities of hopelessness.

a. That emits no rays of light; dull. Also in figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > dimness or absence of brightness > [adjective]

dima1000

darkOE

troublea1327

palec1385

dullc1430

unclearc1440

unbright1534

cloudy1556

unlight1570

muddy1600

wan1601

opacous1616

filmy1642

illuminous1656

crepuscular1668

dumb1720

rayless1754

opaque1794

veilya1802

turbid1811

unlucent1819

ineffulgent1824

blear1830

unrefulgent1856

subluminous1860

subaqueous1875

shineless1882

1754 P. Francis Constantine 37 The Sun is made of Darkness, and the Stars, Are rayless as the Dust.

1792 C. Smith Glow-Worm in Elegiac Sonnets (ed. 6) 58 He..with the morning, shudders to behold His lucid treasure, rayless as the dust.

1832 Fraser's Mag. 5 123 The lamp of poesy was flickering and almost rayless.

1842 J. L. Motley Diary 13 Jan. in Corr. (1889) I. iv. 115 The sun..round and rayless in the centre of its low arch.

1878 R. Browning Poets Croisic clii Gold which comes up rude And rayless from the mine.

1903 J. Payne Vigil & Vision 3 The sun looms large against the leaden sky, Rayless and red, as 'twere a giant's eye.

1936 Times 16 Nov. 9/4 An inanimate and rayless lamp-post.

1994 Guardian 18 June (Weekend Suppl.) 47/4 I protested that Venus was white and rayless.

b. Of the eye: lacking sight, blind; expressionless, dull. Cf. ray n.⁵ 2a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [adjective] > visual ray > rayless

rayless1834

1754 P. Francis Constantine v. 45 To rend these Eye-balls from their bleeding Rings, And dash them rayless to their native Earth.

1786 C. W. Briscoe Clerimont 11 His rayless eyes shed tears of commiseration, at his unhappy situation.

1834 W. H. Ainsworth Rookwood III. iv. viii. 348 Her eye gazed,..with a dying glare—then grew glassy, rayless, fixed.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. xi. 274 I pressed my lips to his once brilliant and now rayless eyes.

1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos xviii. 241 That eye which once beamed affection now rayless.

1905 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 16 Sept. 3/3 The cheerful sun will rise and set on busy joyous millions through all the cycles of coming time, but bring no light to his fixed and rayless eye.

c. Physics. Not involving the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays; not emitting such radiation. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > [adjective] > not emitting rays

rayless1904

1904 E. Rutherford in Proc. Royal Soc. 73 493 The first change is a ‘rayless’ one, i.e., the transformation is not accompanied by the appearance of α, β, or γ rays.

1907 N. R. Campbell Mod. Electr. Theory ix. 210 It appears that many changes which are usually classed as ‘rayless’ are accompanied by the emission of β rays without α rays, but the liberation of energy in such changes is so small compared to those in which α rays are emitted that it seems desirable to make the distinction implied by the term.

1938 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 165 239 A disintegration according to the reaction ⁸Be → 2 ⁴He would be practically rayless.

1971 Isis 62 293 The beta radiation is so weak..that actinium was once believed to be ‘rayless’.

1983 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 389 219 There were also changes described by Rutherford as ‘rayless’ which connected one element with another, but later these were found to involve the emission of low-energy β-particles.

3. Of foliage, a canopy, etc.: excluding rays of light. rare.

ΚΠ

1896 Cosmopolitan Feb. 391/1 When they reached the tree, they sat down under the rayless boughs.

1897 J. L. Allen Choir Invisible i. 2 His polished coat..fading into spectral paleness when he passed under the rayless trees.

1919 H. Buck Tempering (new ed.) i. 26 There through the heavy, rayless green Lips moving without sound are seen.

4. Not requiring (visible) light. rare.

ΚΠ

1898 Daily News 6 May 5/3 Revelations of what may be called Rayless Photography.

2004 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 12 Aug. 7 (headline) For sunshine worshippers, rayless tans are a big hit; Spray-on system the latest offering for salon market.

II. With reference to radiating or radially arranged parts (cf. ray n.⁵ II.).

5. Having no rays; spec. (a) Zoology (of a fish's fin) lacking rays, adipose; (b) Botany (of a flower or plant) lacking ray florets.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [adjective] > having rays > having no rays

rayless1769

1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 316 That they are not the young of smelts is as clear, because they want the..rayless fin.

1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 422/2 The rayless Corymbiferæ.

1911 New Phytologist 10 314 The rayless form of the Ragwort was noticed by Sherard near Drogheda prior to 1724.

1960 S. Ary & M. Gregory Oxf. Bk. Wild Flowers 38/2 Rayless Mayweed or Pineapple Weed (Matricaria matricarioides).

1985 Brittonia 37 58 The subgenus Misodendron may be considered rayless (except for M. gayanum, in which fibers occur only in rays).

1995 J. S. Ryland in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe xiv. 715/1 A rayless (adipose) fin [is] frequently present.

Derivatives

ˈraylessness n. chiefly Botany

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun]

thesternessc888

thesterc897

murkOE

theosterleykc1000

darkc1300

darkheadc1300

murknessa1325

therknessa1325

darknessc1350

tenebres1413

tenebrousa1450

obscurity1481

tenebrosity1490

obscureness1509

dern?a1513

sable?a1513

darksomeness1571

fuliginousness1576

darkishness1583

murksomeness1625

obscure1667

soot1789

tenebrity1789

nightness1839

raylessness1843

lightlessness1845

darkling1882

unlight1883

1843 E. A. Poe Premature Burial in Wks. (1864) I. 336 The intense and utter raylessness of the Night that endureth for evermore.

1912 Bot. Gaz. 54 415 Its raylessness is not an infallible character.

2000 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123 144/1 The cambium in fascicular areas adds no rays, so a partial form of raylessness is present.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rayless
释义	raylessadj. Brit. /ˈreɪlᵻs/, U.S. /ˈreɪləs/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ray n.⁵, -less suffix. Etymology: < ray n.⁵ + -less suffix. I. With reference to rays of light or energy. 1. Devoid of any ray of light; dark, gloomy. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adjective] blinda1000 darkOE lightlessOE murkOE therka1325 murkfula1400 unsheena1400 tenebrousc1420 tenebrose1490 tenebrate1492 sable?a1513 unlightsome1574 tenebrious1594 blindfold1601 Stygian1602 dayless1657 unenlightened1662 darklinga1718 rayless1727 tenebrific1786 twinkless1830 transdiurnal1848 glimmerless1889 gleamless1891 unlightened1896 1727 D. Lewis Philip of Macedon 25 With down-cast Eyes he hung his Head, Shrunk like the Sun-flow'r in the rayless Night. 1794 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 116 Faint was that Hope and rayless. 1820 Ellen Fitzarthur 52 Ah rayless, joyless, lifeless state! 1845 G. P. R. James Smuggler III. 94 Rayless, dull despair. 1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas II. 68 The rayless homes Of gloomy Hades. 1875 L. Morris Songs of Two Worlds 3rd Ser. 70 Those dear souls, who sleep..In rayless caverns dim. a1916 J. London Red One in Red One (1918) 39 A shy visitant, from the rayless crypts of matter. 1969 D. F. Costello Prairie World xi. 202 The street lights..were merely points of light in a turbid rayless atmosphere in which no object was distinct. 2002 L.A. Weekly (Nexis) 29 Nov. 22 In the opening canticle of ‘The Inferno’, the Pilgrim descends into the underworld... There in the rayless gloom he encounters the various modalities of hopelessness. 2. a. That emits no rays of light; dull. Also in figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > dimness or absence of brightness > [adjective] dima1000 darkOE troublea1327 palec1385 dullc1430 unclearc1440 unbright1534 cloudy1556 unlight1570 muddy1600 wan1601 opacous1616 filmy1642 illuminous1656 crepuscular1668 dumb1720 rayless1754 opaque1794 veilya1802 turbid1811 unlucent1819 ineffulgent1824 blear1830 unrefulgent1856 subluminous1860 subaqueous1875 shineless1882 1754 P. Francis Constantine 37 The Sun is made of Darkness, and the Stars, Are rayless as the Dust. 1792 C. Smith Glow-Worm in Elegiac Sonnets (ed. 6) 58 He..with the morning, shudders to behold His lucid treasure, rayless as the dust. 1832 Fraser's Mag. 5 123 The lamp of poesy was flickering and almost rayless. 1842 J. L. Motley Diary 13 Jan. in Corr. (1889) I. iv. 115 The sun..round and rayless in the centre of its low arch. 1878 R. Browning Poets Croisic clii Gold which comes up rude And rayless from the mine. 1903 J. Payne Vigil & Vision 3 The sun looms large against the leaden sky, Rayless and red, as 'twere a giant's eye. 1936 Times 16 Nov. 9/4 An inanimate and rayless lamp-post. 1994 Guardian 18 June (Weekend Suppl.) 47/4 I protested that Venus was white and rayless. b. Of the eye: lacking sight, blind; expressionless, dull. Cf. ray n.⁵ 2a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [adjective] > visual ray > rayless rayless1834 1754 P. Francis Constantine v. 45 To rend these Eye-balls from their bleeding Rings, And dash them rayless to their native Earth. 1786 C. W. Briscoe Clerimont 11 His rayless eyes shed tears of commiseration, at his unhappy situation. 1834 W. H. Ainsworth Rookwood III. iv. viii. 348 Her eye gazed,..with a dying glare—then grew glassy, rayless, fixed. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. xi. 274 I pressed my lips to his once brilliant and now rayless eyes. 1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos xviii. 241 That eye which once beamed affection now rayless. 1905 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 16 Sept. 3/3 The cheerful sun will rise and set on busy joyous millions through all the cycles of coming time, but bring no light to his fixed and rayless eye. c. Physics. Not involving the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays; not emitting such radiation. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > [adjective] > not emitting rays rayless1904 1904 E. Rutherford in Proc. Royal Soc. 73 493 The first change is a ‘rayless’ one, i.e., the transformation is not accompanied by the appearance of α, β, or γ rays. 1907 N. R. Campbell Mod. Electr. Theory ix. 210 It appears that many changes which are usually classed as ‘rayless’ are accompanied by the emission of β rays without α rays, but the liberation of energy in such changes is so small compared to those in which α rays are emitted that it seems desirable to make the distinction implied by the term. 1938 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 165 239 A disintegration according to the reaction ⁸Be → 2 ⁴He would be practically rayless. 1971 Isis 62 293 The beta radiation is so weak..that actinium was once believed to be ‘rayless’. 1983 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 389 219 There were also changes described by Rutherford as ‘rayless’ which connected one element with another, but later these were found to involve the emission of low-energy β-particles. 3. Of foliage, a canopy, etc.: excluding rays of light. rare. ΚΠ 1896 Cosmopolitan Feb. 391/1 When they reached the tree, they sat down under the rayless boughs. 1897 J. L. Allen Choir Invisible i. 2 His polished coat..fading into spectral paleness when he passed under the rayless trees. 1919 H. Buck Tempering (new ed.) i. 26 There through the heavy, rayless green Lips moving without sound are seen. 4. Not requiring (visible) light. rare. ΚΠ 1898 Daily News 6 May 5/3 Revelations of what may be called Rayless Photography. 2004 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 12 Aug. 7 (headline) For sunshine worshippers, rayless tans are a big hit; Spray-on system the latest offering for salon market. II. With reference to radiating or radially arranged parts (cf. ray n.⁵ II.). 5. Having no rays; spec. (a) Zoology (of a fish's fin) lacking rays, adipose; (b) Botany (of a flower or plant) lacking ray florets. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [adjective] > having rays > having no rays rayless1769 1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. iv. 316 That they are not the young of smelts is as clear, because they want the..rayless fin. 1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 422/2 The rayless Corymbiferæ. 1911 New Phytologist 10 314 The rayless form of the Ragwort was noticed by Sherard near Drogheda prior to 1724. 1960 S. Ary & M. Gregory Oxf. Bk. Wild Flowers 38/2 Rayless Mayweed or Pineapple Weed (Matricaria matricarioides). 1985 Brittonia 37 58 The subgenus Misodendron may be considered rayless (except for M. gayanum, in which fibers occur only in rays). 1995 J. S. Ryland in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe xiv. 715/1 A rayless (adipose) fin [is] frequently present. Derivatives ˈraylessness n. chiefly Botany ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun] thesternessc888 thesterc897 murkOE theosterleykc1000 darkc1300 darkheadc1300 murknessa1325 therknessa1325 darknessc1350 tenebres1413 tenebrousa1450 obscurity1481 tenebrosity1490 obscureness1509 dern?a1513 sable?a1513 darksomeness1571 fuliginousness1576 darkishness1583 murksomeness1625 obscure1667 soot1789 tenebrity1789 nightness1839 raylessness1843 lightlessness1845 darkling1882 unlight1883 1843 E. A. Poe Premature Burial in Wks. (1864) I. 336 The intense and utter raylessness of the Night that endureth for evermore. 1912 Bot. Gaz. 54 415 Its raylessness is not an infallible character. 2000 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123 144/1 The cambium in fascicular areas adds no rays, so a partial form of raylessness is present. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1727
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