ranklev.

Brit.

/ˈraŋkl/, U.S.

/ˈræŋk(ə)l/

Forms:

α. Middle English rancel, Middle English rankil, Middle English rankkel, Middle English rankyl, Middle English–1500s rankel, Middle English–1500s rankell, Middle English–1800s rancle, Middle English– rankle, 1500s ranckel, 1500s rankyll, 1500s–1700s ranckle, 1600s rankcle; Scottish pre-1700 ranckle, pre-1700 rankil, 1700s– rankle.

β. 1600s wranckle, 1700s– wrankle (nonstandard).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rancler.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rauncler, Anglo-Norman and Old French rancler (in Old French also raoncler , raancler ) to fester, to suppurate (also figurative) (12th cent.), variant of draoncler < draoncle (see rankle n.¹).

1. To fester, esp. to a degree that causes pain; to putrefy, rot. Also (esp. in later use) in figurative contexts (cf. sense 5).

a. intransitive. Of a wounded or diseased part of the body; also (rarely) of a person. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > bitterness > [verb (intransitive)]

ranklec1330

rancour1530

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > suppurate [verb (intransitive)]

whealc1000

rank?a1300

ranklec1330

festera1400

putrefya1400

quittera1400

suppure?a1425

to come to a head1566

undercot1591

suppurate1615

youster1691

digest1722

maturate1726

c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 2832 (MED) Þar þe venim on him felle, His flesch gan ranclen & tebelle.

c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in Anglia (1888) 10 363 Þe handes vnweldy bigynnen to rancle.

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. aiii^v (MED) The condicion of this euell..will downe in to the legges and maake the legges to rancle.

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. f. 51 Thy flesh is as ranke as the Wolues, who as soone as he is striken recouereth a skinne, but rankeleth inwardly vntill it come to the lyuer.

a1593 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta (1633) ii. ii Therewithal their knees would rankle.

1616 T. Adams Sacrifice of Thankefulnesse 40 A Leaper shut vp in a Pesthouse, ranckleth to himselfe, infects not others.

1646 J. Temple Irish Rebell. (1746) 206 Her hand grew black and blew, [and] rankled.

1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World I. vii. 133 His Foot hugely swoln, and rankling all over.

1729 R. Lowth Geneal. Christ 18 The mournful Captive spreads her Hands in vain, Her Hands that rankle with the servile Chain.

1770 F. Gentleman Sultan ii. ii. 21 I know their bosoms rankle deep with wrongs.

1798 H. Summersett Aberford 132 In the eternal world thy range shall be as free, and thy name as great as the spirit of him whose body rankles by thy side.

1855 R. Montgomery Sanctuary 159 Ulcerated hearts, I ween, Rankle in secret, under gayest wiles.

1900 R. C. Dutt tr. Ramayana ii. 28 Queen Kausalya's bosom rankles with a woman's secret smart.

b. intransitive. Of a wound, sore, or disease. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be or become resentful [verb (intransitive)] > arouse indignation or resentment

offendc1425

ranklea1450

to give (also cause, etc.) offence to1560

to give (‥) umbrage1620

pique1697

a1450 Late Middle Eng. Treat. on Horses (1978) 91 (MED) I coniure þe wonde..þat þou rankil noþer swelle ne blede ne festre.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xciii. 115 His soores rankeled and..within a shorte space after he dyed.

1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iv. f. 46^v The wound..beganne to swell and rancle as the bloode waxed coulde.

1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. xv. 48 There began a litle sore to rise vpon his foote, which..encreased the first day by ranckling ouer all his foot.

1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis i. ii. 4 Poliarchvs washeth his wounds with Vineger, lest they should rankle.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 336 Which makes their disease to ranckle in them.

1725 T. Sheridan tr. Sophocles Philoctetes i. 10 My Wounds still ranckle, and encrease my Pain.

1779 E. Clark Misc. Poems 272 Heal the wound that rankles in my heart.

1836 L. H. Sigourney Sketches 15 Fever had lain rankling in her veins, and they had concealed it from me.

1843 J. Pierpont Anti-slavery Poems 57 Seest thou the sores, that rankle,..Where, round the bondman's ancle, They've rivetted a clog?

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xviii. 49 The king forgave Mowbray..but the sore rankled still.

1984 P. Sillers tr. R. Barry La Gothe & Husband in R. Sullivan Stories by Canad. Women 60 So cruel had been her trials. The wounds rankled still from having been under the yoke of that harsh durance.

†c. intransitive. Of a thing. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > become corrupt or putrid [verb (intransitive)]

forrota900

foulOE

rotOE

rank?a1300

corrumpc1374

to-rota1382

putrefya1400

mourkenc1400

corruptc1405

festerc1475

decay1574

rankle1612

tainta1616

decompose1793

wrox1847

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > rot or putrefy

forrota900

foulOE

rotOE

rank?a1300

corrumpc1374

to-rota1382

putrefya1400

mourkenc1400

corruptc1405

festerc1475

rottena1500

decay1574

rankle1612

tainta1616

moth1624

ret1846

wrox1847

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [verb (intransitive)] > become corrupt

forbraidc1220

corruptc1405

ulceratea1425

rankle1612

deprave1655

1612 J. Davies Muses Sacrifice f. 104^v O clense me from the filth of mine offence, that ranckles in my Conscience.

1742 Female Honour 7 There rankles all the Venom of my Mind.

1794 T. Dwight Greenfield Hill iv. 102 The viper's poison rankling in it's nest.

1860 E. P. Hood in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1872) III. Ps. lxxiv. 16 Forms that rankle..contract around themselves loathsomeness and disgust.

1866 D. Boucicault Flying Scud ii. iv, in Forbidden Fruit & Other Plays 199 We believe in Yorkshire that the vermin rankles in the wound only as long as the vermin lives.

2. intransitive. To inflict a festering wound; to cause a painful festering. In later use chiefly in figurative contexts (cf. sense 5c).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > suppurate [verb (intransitive)] > cause

ranklec1400

festerc1440

suppurate1563

c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 153 (MED) Þe Kyng drow out þe shafte of þe quarel, but þe quarelle hede abode stille in his heuede, & hit bigan forto rancle, þat he might nouȝt helpe him-self ne meve his Armes.

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxvi. 207 Their biting is venemous & rancleth sore.

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 22 This vile Dog Looue will so rancle where hee biteth.

1584 J. Lyly Sapho & Phao ii. iv. 84 Honney ranckleth, when it is eaten for pleasure.

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 181 Two venemous weapons, and apt to wranckle where they fasten.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 299 Still the fatal Dart Sticks in her side; and ranckles in her Heart.

1723 E. Fenton Mariamne v. i. 56 His rough hand is proof against the thorn, Which rankling in my tender skin, wou'd seem A viper's tooth.

1763 I. Bickerstaff Love in Village ii. vii. 36 In vain I ev'ry art assay, To pluck the venom'd shaft away, That wrankles in my heart.

1796 M. Hays Mem. E. Courtney II. x. 93 An envenomed shaft rankles in my bosom.

1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein III. Contin. 191 The bitter sting of remorse may not cease to rankle in my wounds.

1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Personal Relig. iv. xii. 355 The arrow of conviction rankling in their conscience.

1901 J. Davidson Self's the Man i. 22 Draw the ragged shaft That rankles in my heart; it shall denote That my unkingly doubt is fantasy.

2004 M. Robinson Gilead (2006) 49 Those irons had rankled right down to His bones.

†3. transitive. To cause (flesh, wounds, etc.) to fester; to make painful. Also with up. Also in figurative contexts. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > cause suppuration [verb (transitive)]

whealc897

suppurate?a1425

fester?c1425

ranklec1450

infester1570

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > affect with type of pain [verb (transitive)] > irritate

anger?a1425

ranklec1450

exasperate1552

prorite1574

annoy1576

vellicate1604

proritate1620

irritate1674

aggravate1835

c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 80 (MED) Take alome..and lay it to a sore that is rankeled.

?1545 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture sig. Biii Vyce..dulleth wyttes rankleth flesshe.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 67 The weapon, Thee bodye sore ranckling dooth stur thee deere to the frithward.

1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 96 Hee would needes rankle vp againe so old sores.

1640 F. Quarles Enchyridion iii. xxxiv Hasty words ranckle the wound.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. I. x. 218 He..rankled Richard's shoulder by pulling out the arrow.

1865 J. K. James tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Deliv. x. xiv His wounds were chilled By the night breeze, which rankled them still more.

a. transitive. To poison, embitter, inflame (a feeling or person); to cause pain to. Now usually: to annoy persistently, irritate, rile.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > bitterness > [verb (transitive)]

ranklec1487

infester1570

festering1615

rancour1654

verjuice1848

out-sharpen1864

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]

heavyc897

pineeOE

aileOE

sorryeOE

traya1000

sorrowOE

to work (also do) (a person) woeOE

angerc1175

smarta1200

to work, bake, brew balec1200

derve?c1225

grieve?c1225

sitc1225

sweam?c1225

gnawc1230

sughc1230

troublec1230

aggrievea1325

to think sweama1325

unframea1325

anguish1340

teen1340

sowa1352

distrainc1374

to-troublea1382

strain1382

unglad1390

afflicta1393

paina1393

distressa1400

hita1400

sorea1400

assayc1400

remordc1400

temptc1400

to sit (or set) one sorec1420

overthrow?a1425

visit1424

labour1437

passionc1470

arraya1500

constraina1500

misgrievea1500

attempt1525

exagitate1532

to wring to the worse1542

toil1549

lament1580

adolorate1598

rankle1659

try1702

to pass over ——1790

upset1805

to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823

to put (a person) through it1855

bludgeon1888

to get to ——1904

to put through the hoop(s)1919

the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)]

gremec893

grillc897

teenOE

mispay?c1225

agrillec1275

oftenec1275

tarya1300

tarc1300

atenec1320

enchafec1374

to-tarc1384

stingc1386

chafe?a1400

pokec1400

irec1420

ertc1440

rehete1447

nettlec1450

bog1546

tickle1548

touch1581

urge1593

aggravate1598

irritate1598

dishumour1600

to wind up1602

to pick at ——1603

outhumour1607

vex1625

bloody1633

efferate1653

rankle1659

spleen1689

splenetize1700

rile1724

roil1742

to put out1796

to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823

roughen1837

acerbate1845

to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846

nag1849

to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859

frump1862

rattle1865

to set up any one's bristles1873

urticate1873

needle1874

draw1876

to rough up1877

to stick pins into1879

to get on ——1880

to make (someone) tiredc1883

razoo1890

to get under a person's skin1896

to get a person's goat1905

to be on at1907

to get a person's nanny1909

cag1919

to get a person's nanny-goat1928

cagmag1932

peeve1934

tick-off1934

to get on a person's tits1945

to piss off1946

bug1947

to get up a person's nose1951

tee1955

bum1970

tick1975

c1487 [implied in: J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 333 Saturne..of his olde ranclyd malyce moued, sette fyre vpon the cyte. (at rankled adj.)].

1606 True Relation Proc. at Arraignm. Late Traitors sig. Xx4^v A Prince..more willing to solicite vnion, then to rankle hate.

1629 tr. Herodian Hist. (1635) 365 Which horrid facts did infinitely rankle and fester the affections of all Estates.

1659 J. Milton Considerations touching Hirelings 57 A fierce reformer once, now ranckl'd with a contrary heat.

1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 79 That not so much as the Difference of a Ceremony from the English might rankle them.

1796 Hist. Ned Evans II. 21 Envy..has..rankled his base soul into hatred against you.

1850 J. McCosh Method Divine Govt. (ed. 2) iii. ii. 395 Whatever rankles the mind—and nothing so much rankles it as an unappeased conscience.

1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 130 And that was all she got from him; but the matter rankled her brain.

1962 E. Lucia Klondike Kate vii. 142 It probably rankled a great many of them just to patronize his theatres.

2001 High Country News 22 Oct. 12/2 The occasional columns by cowboys and loggers rankle some readers.

†b. transitive. To damage (a person's credit). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1613 T. Adams White Deuil 7 His teeth rankle the womans credit.

1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 3) 466 Do they never..rankle anothers credit with malitious report?

a. intransitive. Of a person: to feel emotionally hurt or bitter, (now) esp. to continue to do so for a long time; to fret angrily or rancorously.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > be or become irritated [verb (intransitive)]

enchafec1380

fume and chafec1522

chafe1525

to fret and fume1551

rankle1582

to lose patience, one's temper1622

pique1664

to have no patience with1682

ruffle1719

to be out of the way (with)1740

echinate1792

nettle1810

to get one's dander up1831

to set up one's jay-feathers1880

hackle1935

to get off one's bike1939

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 25 With choloricque fretting I dumpt, and ranckled in anguish [L. adflictus vitam in tenebris luctuque trahebam].

1614 T. Adams Diuells Banket v. 258 Lay the guilt on your selues, if you ranckle to death.

1663 J. Heath Chron. Late Intestine Warr 572 The Dutch had ranckled with spleen at the successes of this State.

1763 C. Churchill Prophecy of Famine 325 Creatures which when admitted in the Ark Their saviour shunned, and rankled in the dark.

1894 W. E. Gladstone tr. Horace Odes iv. iv. 63 Alcides, rankling to be foiled, Saw the lopped limbs grow quick again.

1923 D. H. Lawrence Stud. Classic Amer. Lit. ii. 21 Probably I haven't got over those Poor Richard tags yet. I rankle still with them.

1950 R. Moore Candlemas Bay 339 If he left without seeing her she'd rankle over it for months.

1999 Time 24 May 43/1 The Chinese..have rankled for decades because of Japanese politicians stretching syntax to avoid apologizing.

b. intransitive. Of a bitter or malignant feeling (formerly also of grief): to resemble or act like a festering sore; to persist painfully.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > bitterness of heart > be or become bitter at heart [verb (intransitive)] > fester (of bitter feeling)

rankle1623

festera1639

rancour1640

1623 J. Hayward Christs Prayer upon Crosse 64 Teaching vs thereby..to make diligent search, that no secret desire of reuenge, doe secretly rankle and fester in our soules.

1688 R. Blackbourn Clitie iii. 157 His Grief and Anguish stifling all his words, lay rankling at his Heart.

1724 J. Gay Captives i. v. 9 Is still the King a stranger to this sorrow That day and night lies rankling in your breast?

1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves I. iii. 71 Mr. Darnel's hatred still rankled at bottom, and soon broke out.

1789 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 583 The ill humor on account of the Dutch revolution continues to rankle here.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. 263 Animosity had long been rankling between Thebes and Phocis.

1874 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens III. xvii. iii. 265 A bitter feeling rankled in his heart.

1936 D. Carnegie How to win Friends & infl. People i. i. 41 If you and I want to stir up a resentment tomorrow that [printed than] may rankle across the decades and endure until death, just let us indulge in a little stinging criticism.

1977 K. M. E. Murray Caught in Web of Words (1979) xv. 290 The old grievance that the University..had not given him an honorary doctorate continued to rankle.

2005 Sunday Times (Nexis) 16 Oct. 3 The programme ran for three series. Yet the decision to axe it in 2003 has left a bitterness that still rankles.

c. intransitive. Of an experience, event, etc.: to persist in causing painful, bitter, or venomous feelings. In earlier use usually with in (a person, a person's heart, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > be painful or distressing to a person [verb (intransitive)]

to claw, rub, hit on the gallc1386

smarta1400

rankle1735

to play hell (with)1750

gnaw1859

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > bitterness > [verb (intransitive)] > continue

rankle1735

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > become sour [verb (intransitive)] > cause sour or bitter feelings

rankle1735

1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Lett. Study Hist. (1752) ii. 36 The passages of King Charles the Second's reign might rankle still at the hearts of some men.

1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) III. xliv. 195 Such a mode of warfare would rankle in the heart of America.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 584 The mock embassy..was doubtless still rankling in his mind.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. x. 480 The sight of the palace of the English overlord..rankled in his soul.

1902 H. James Wings of Dove I. viii. 201 It just faintly rankled in her that a person who was good enough and to spare for Milly Theale shouldn't be good enough for another girl.

1940 C. Stead Man who loved Children viii. 342 Louie knew that Clare only behaved like this when her poverty rankled worst.

1993 Utne Reader Jan. 134/2 The unhappiness and exhaustion I can perhaps understand. The rudeness, especially as it is so often directed at me, rankles.

6. intransitive. To become or turn into by festering (literal and figurative). Formerly also with †to. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1622 T. Adams Eirenopolis 39 So soone it [sc. rage] rankles into malice, & that is full opposite to Innocence.

1638 J. Ford Fancies iv. 51 This foulenesse must be purg'd, Or thy disease will ranckle to a pestilence.

1680 T. Otway Hist. Caius Marius v. 54 Till the false Medicine be at last discover'd, And then it ranckles to a Sore again.

1766 J. Woodhouse Epist. to Ld. Lyttleton in Poems Sundry Occas. (ed. 2) 126/1 While all the soul seems rankling into spleen, 'Tis wise to fly the melancholy scene.

a1771 T. Gray Agrippina in Poems (1775) 131 Sweets of kindness lavishly indulg'd Rankle to gall.

1821 New Monthly Mag. 2 300 Our feelings..lie rankling and rotting into morbidity and corruption.

1889 G. Gissing Nether World I. ix. 208 The injury he was inflicting upon her pride rankled into bitter resentment.

1960 A. Toynbee in Times Lit. Suppl. 13 May 307/2 The Atomic Age into which the Machine Age has now rankled.

†7. transitive. To conceive or nourish (a bitter feeling). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1819 Metropolis (ed. 2) III. 16 His heart rancled hatred in the extreme for the cruel act.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rankle
释义	† ranklen.¹ Forms: Middle English rancle, Middle English rankill, Middle English rankle, Middle English rankylle, Middle English renkille; Scottish pre-1700 rankel. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rancle. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rauncle, Anglo-Norman and Old French rancle (also raancle , raoncle ) festering sore, abscess (12th cent.), variant of drancle , draoncle < post-classical Latin dranculus , dracunculus (12th cent.) < classical Latin dracōn- , dracō snake (see dragon n.¹) + -unculus (see -uncle suffix). Obsolete. A festering sore; the fact or condition of festering. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > ulcer cankereOE rankle?c1190 fester?c1225 gutefestre?c1225 malemorte1341 mormalc1387 red gownc1400 ulcerc1400 fistula?a1425 esthiomene?1541 fret1545 exulceration1551 phagedaena1567 sycosis1580 ulceration1580 run1648 ulcuscle1794 festering1804 ?c1190 Reginald of Durham Libellus de Vita et Miraculis S. Godrici (1847) 373 Uxor Heliæ..gutta simul ex tumore rubenti, quod Rancle vocant, in pectore et toto corpore laboraverat. a1399 in D. A. Trotter Multilingualism in Later Medieval Brit. (2000) 138 Item a rancle: Marubium cum vino coque. a1400 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 52 Tak the barke of the hauthorne..and do hit on the sare als hate als thu may suffrye hit; the rancle sal abate, the thorn sal ga oute, the sare sal slake. ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 153^v (MED) Take þe rote of merchemalowe..and leye it to hote & it is good in euerye rancle. ?c1450 in Anglia (1896) 18 298 (MED) In cas rancle be-falle of venym..Take flour of barly..And hony, and meng es with seed of lyn And plawe well to-gedere ilcon, Þanne wyl þis playster al rancles slon. a1585 Ld. Polwart Flyting with Montgomerie 556 With scartes and scores athort his frozen front, In rankels run. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2020). ranklen.² Brit. /ˈraŋkl/, U.S. /ˈræŋk(ə)l/ Forms: 1600s raunkle, 1700s– rankle. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rankle v. Etymology: < rankle v. Something which rankles; a rankling thought or feeling. Also as a mass noun: rankling, bitterness. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > bitterness > [noun] rancourc1380 nitrosity?a1425 sour cheerc1440 amaritude1490 fellc1494 rust?1507 stomach grief1553 virulencya1617 ranklea1632 embitteredness1643 embitterment1645 virulence1663 sharpness1673 virulentnessa1676 the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > bitterness of heart > [noun] sour gremec1400 atterc1430 festera1500 maraha1500 coloquintida1622 ranklea1632 bitterness- the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > bitterness > [noun] > instance of ranklea1632 virulencea1774 the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [noun] > sour or bitter thought or feeling ranklea1632 a1632 J. Oglander Mem. (1888) 38 Fartheringe all thinges on a nationale raunkle; insomutch as noone daring to apprehend ye malefactors, they became fearful to oure countreymen. 1795 Earl of Malmesbury Diary 5 Apr. (1844) III. 220 I could see it did not please, and left a rankle in his mind. 1858 F. Lancelott Queens of Eng. I. 73/1 After venting the rankle of his rage by cursing his son John, cursing his son Richard, cursing those around him, and cursing the day of his own birth, he was conveyed..to the castle of Chinon. 1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 15 May 630/3 They [sc. epigrams] are less bitter, outwardly, but there is a rankle left behind them. 1941 B. Webb Why does God permit Evil? 117 Suffering ill borne causes rankle in the soul. 1985 A. Blair Tea at Miss Cranston's xiv. 119 The menfolk have a few rankles too, about what was expected of them by way of carrying coal, emptying ash-baikies,..and lighting boiler fires. 1998 S. B. Vickers Native Amer. Identities ix. 156 What could be worse..than for the survivors to feel the rankle that ‘our rational and bearable humanity is a common error’? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ranklev. Brit. /ˈraŋkl/, U.S. /ˈræŋk(ə)l/ Forms: α. Middle English rancel, Middle English rankil, Middle English rankkel, Middle English rankyl, Middle English–1500s rankel, Middle English–1500s rankell, Middle English–1800s rancle, Middle English– rankle, 1500s ranckel, 1500s rankyll, 1500s–1700s ranckle, 1600s rankcle; Scottish pre-1700 ranckle, pre-1700 rankil, 1700s– rankle. β. 1600s wranckle, 1700s– wrankle (nonstandard). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rancler. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman rauncler, Anglo-Norman and Old French rancler (in Old French also raoncler , raancler ) to fester, to suppurate (also figurative) (12th cent.), variant of draoncler < draoncle (see rankle n.¹). 1. To fester, esp. to a degree that causes pain; to putrefy, rot. Also (esp. in later use) in figurative contexts (cf. sense 5). a. intransitive. Of a wounded or diseased part of the body; also (rarely) of a person. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > bitterness > [verb (intransitive)] ranklec1330 rancour1530 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > suppurate [verb (intransitive)] whealc1000 rank?a1300 ranklec1330 festera1400 putrefya1400 quittera1400 suppure?a1425 to come to a head1566 undercot1591 suppurate1615 youster1691 digest1722 maturate1726 c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 2832 (MED) Þar þe venim on him felle, His flesch gan ranclen & tebelle. c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in Anglia (1888) 10 363 Þe handes vnweldy bigynnen to rancle. 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. aiii^v (MED) The condicion of this euell..will downe in to the legges and maake the legges to rancle. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. f. 51 Thy flesh is as ranke as the Wolues, who as soone as he is striken recouereth a skinne, but rankeleth inwardly vntill it come to the lyuer. a1593 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta (1633) ii. ii Therewithal their knees would rankle. 1616 T. Adams Sacrifice of Thankefulnesse 40 A Leaper shut vp in a Pesthouse, ranckleth to himselfe, infects not others. 1646 J. Temple Irish Rebell. (1746) 206 Her hand grew black and blew, [and] rankled. 1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World I. vii. 133 His Foot hugely swoln, and rankling all over. 1729 R. Lowth Geneal. Christ 18 The mournful Captive spreads her Hands in vain, Her Hands that rankle with the servile Chain. 1770 F. Gentleman Sultan ii. ii. 21 I know their bosoms rankle deep with wrongs. 1798 H. Summersett Aberford 132 In the eternal world thy range shall be as free, and thy name as great as the spirit of him whose body rankles by thy side. 1855 R. Montgomery Sanctuary 159 Ulcerated hearts, I ween, Rankle in secret, under gayest wiles. 1900 R. C. Dutt tr. Ramayana ii. 28 Queen Kausalya's bosom rankles with a woman's secret smart. b. intransitive. Of a wound, sore, or disease. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be or become resentful [verb (intransitive)] > arouse indignation or resentment offendc1425 ranklea1450 to give (also cause, etc.) offence to1560 to give (‥) umbrage1620 pique1697 a1450 Late Middle Eng. Treat. on Horses (1978) 91 (MED) I coniure þe wonde..þat þou rankil noþer swelle ne blede ne festre. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xciii. 115 His soores rankeled and..within a shorte space after he dyed. 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iv. f. 46^v The wound..beganne to swell and rancle as the bloode waxed coulde. 1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. xv. 48 There began a litle sore to rise vpon his foote, which..encreased the first day by ranckling ouer all his foot. 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis i. ii. 4 Poliarchvs washeth his wounds with Vineger, lest they should rankle. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 336 Which makes their disease to ranckle in them. 1725 T. Sheridan tr. Sophocles Philoctetes i. 10 My Wounds still ranckle, and encrease my Pain. 1779 E. Clark Misc. Poems 272 Heal the wound that rankles in my heart. 1836 L. H. Sigourney Sketches 15 Fever had lain rankling in her veins, and they had concealed it from me. 1843 J. Pierpont Anti-slavery Poems 57 Seest thou the sores, that rankle,..Where, round the bondman's ancle, They've rivetted a clog? 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xviii. 49 The king forgave Mowbray..but the sore rankled still. 1984 P. Sillers tr. R. Barry La Gothe & Husband in R. Sullivan Stories by Canad. Women 60 So cruel had been her trials. The wounds rankled still from having been under the yoke of that harsh durance. †c. intransitive. Of a thing. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > become corrupt or putrid [verb (intransitive)] forrota900 foulOE rotOE rank?a1300 corrumpc1374 to-rota1382 putrefya1400 mourkenc1400 corruptc1405 festerc1475 decay1574 rankle1612 tainta1616 decompose1793 wrox1847 the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > rot or putrefy forrota900 foulOE rotOE rank?a1300 corrumpc1374 to-rota1382 putrefya1400 mourkenc1400 corruptc1405 festerc1475 rottena1500 decay1574 rankle1612 tainta1616 moth1624 ret1846 wrox1847 the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [verb (intransitive)] > become corrupt forbraidc1220 corruptc1405 ulceratea1425 rankle1612 deprave1655 1612 J. Davies Muses Sacrifice f. 104^v O clense me from the filth of mine offence, that ranckles in my Conscience. 1742 Female Honour 7 There rankles all the Venom of my Mind. 1794 T. Dwight Greenfield Hill iv. 102 The viper's poison rankling in it's nest. 1860 E. P. Hood in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1872) III. Ps. lxxiv. 16 Forms that rankle..contract around themselves loathsomeness and disgust. 1866 D. Boucicault Flying Scud ii. iv, in Forbidden Fruit & Other Plays 199 We believe in Yorkshire that the vermin rankles in the wound only as long as the vermin lives. 2. intransitive. To inflict a festering wound; to cause a painful festering. In later use chiefly in figurative contexts (cf. sense 5c). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > suppurate [verb (intransitive)] > cause ranklec1400 festerc1440 suppurate1563 c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 153 (MED) Þe Kyng drow out þe shafte of þe quarel, but þe quarelle hede abode stille in his heuede, & hit bigan forto rancle, þat he might nouȝt helpe him-self ne meve his Armes. 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxvi. 207 Their biting is venemous & rancleth sore. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 22 This vile Dog Looue will so rancle where hee biteth. 1584 J. Lyly Sapho & Phao ii. iv. 84 Honney ranckleth, when it is eaten for pleasure. 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 181 Two venemous weapons, and apt to wranckle where they fasten. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 299 Still the fatal Dart Sticks in her side; and ranckles in her Heart. 1723 E. Fenton Mariamne v. i. 56 His rough hand is proof against the thorn, Which rankling in my tender skin, wou'd seem A viper's tooth. 1763 I. Bickerstaff Love in Village ii. vii. 36 In vain I ev'ry art assay, To pluck the venom'd shaft away, That wrankles in my heart. 1796 M. Hays Mem. E. Courtney II. x. 93 An envenomed shaft rankles in my bosom. 1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein III. Contin. 191 The bitter sting of remorse may not cease to rankle in my wounds. 1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Personal Relig. iv. xii. 355 The arrow of conviction rankling in their conscience. 1901 J. Davidson Self's the Man i. 22 Draw the ragged shaft That rankles in my heart; it shall denote That my unkingly doubt is fantasy. 2004 M. Robinson Gilead (2006) 49 Those irons had rankled right down to His bones. †3. transitive. To cause (flesh, wounds, etc.) to fester; to make painful. Also with up. Also in figurative contexts. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > cause suppuration [verb (transitive)] whealc897 suppurate?a1425 fester?c1425 ranklec1450 infester1570 the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > affect with type of pain [verb (transitive)] > irritate anger?a1425 ranklec1450 exasperate1552 prorite1574 annoy1576 vellicate1604 proritate1620 irritate1674 aggravate1835 c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 80 (MED) Take alome..and lay it to a sore that is rankeled. ?1545 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture sig. Biii Vyce..dulleth wyttes rankleth flesshe. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 67 The weapon, Thee bodye sore ranckling dooth stur thee deere to the frithward. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 96 Hee would needes rankle vp againe so old sores. 1640 F. Quarles Enchyridion iii. xxxiv Hasty words ranckle the wound. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. I. x. 218 He..rankled Richard's shoulder by pulling out the arrow. 1865 J. K. James tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Deliv. x. xiv His wounds were chilled By the night breeze, which rankled them still more. 4. a. transitive. To poison, embitter, inflame (a feeling or person); to cause pain to. Now usually: to annoy persistently, irritate, rile. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > bitterness > [verb (transitive)] ranklec1487 infester1570 festering1615 rancour1654 verjuice1848 out-sharpen1864 the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)] heavyc897 pineeOE aileOE sorryeOE traya1000 sorrowOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE angerc1175 smarta1200 to work, bake, brew balec1200 derve?c1225 grieve?c1225 sitc1225 sweam?c1225 gnawc1230 sughc1230 troublec1230 aggrievea1325 to think sweama1325 unframea1325 anguish1340 teen1340 sowa1352 distrainc1374 to-troublea1382 strain1382 unglad1390 afflicta1393 paina1393 distressa1400 hita1400 sorea1400 assayc1400 remordc1400 temptc1400 to sit (or set) one sorec1420 overthrow?a1425 visit1424 labour1437 passionc1470 arraya1500 constraina1500 misgrievea1500 attempt1525 exagitate1532 to wring to the worse1542 toil1549 lament1580 adolorate1598 rankle1659 try1702 to pass over ——1790 upset1805 to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823 to put (a person) through it1855 bludgeon1888 to get to ——1904 to put through the hoop(s)1919 the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)] gremec893 grillc897 teenOE mispay?c1225 agrillec1275 oftenec1275 tarya1300 tarc1300 atenec1320 enchafec1374 to-tarc1384 stingc1386 chafe?a1400 pokec1400 irec1420 ertc1440 rehete1447 nettlec1450 bog1546 tickle1548 touch1581 urge1593 aggravate1598 irritate1598 dishumour1600 to wind up1602 to pick at ——1603 outhumour1607 vex1625 bloody1633 efferate1653 rankle1659 spleen1689 splenetize1700 rile1724 roil1742 to put out1796 to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823 roughen1837 acerbate1845 to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846 nag1849 to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859 frump1862 rattle1865 to set up any one's bristles1873 urticate1873 needle1874 draw1876 to rough up1877 to stick pins into1879 to get on ——1880 to make (someone) tiredc1883 razoo1890 to get under a person's skin1896 to get a person's goat1905 to be on at1907 to get a person's nanny1909 cag1919 to get a person's nanny-goat1928 cagmag1932 peeve1934 tick-off1934 to get on a person's tits1945 to piss off1946 bug1947 to get up a person's nose1951 tee1955 bum1970 tick1975 c1487 [implied in: J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 333 Saturne..of his olde ranclyd malyce moued, sette fyre vpon the cyte. (at rankled adj.)]. 1606 True Relation Proc. at Arraignm. Late Traitors sig. Xx4^v A Prince..more willing to solicite vnion, then to rankle hate. 1629 tr. Herodian Hist. (1635) 365 Which horrid facts did infinitely rankle and fester the affections of all Estates. 1659 J. Milton Considerations touching Hirelings 57 A fierce reformer once, now ranckl'd with a contrary heat. 1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 79 That not so much as the Difference of a Ceremony from the English might rankle them. 1796 Hist. Ned Evans II. 21 Envy..has..rankled his base soul into hatred against you. 1850 J. McCosh Method Divine Govt. (ed. 2) iii. ii. 395 Whatever rankles the mind—and nothing so much rankles it as an unappeased conscience. 1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 130 And that was all she got from him; but the matter rankled her brain. 1962 E. Lucia Klondike Kate vii. 142 It probably rankled a great many of them just to patronize his theatres. 2001 High Country News 22 Oct. 12/2 The occasional columns by cowboys and loggers rankle some readers. †b. transitive. To damage (a person's credit). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1613 T. Adams White Deuil 7 His teeth rankle the womans credit. 1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 3) 466 Do they never..rankle anothers credit with malitious report? 5. a. intransitive. Of a person: to feel emotionally hurt or bitter, (now) esp. to continue to do so for a long time; to fret angrily or rancorously. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > be or become irritated [verb (intransitive)] enchafec1380 fume and chafec1522 chafe1525 to fret and fume1551 rankle1582 to lose patience, one's temper1622 pique1664 to have no patience with1682 ruffle1719 to be out of the way (with)1740 echinate1792 nettle1810 to get one's dander up1831 to set up one's jay-feathers1880 hackle1935 to get off one's bike1939 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 25 With choloricque fretting I dumpt, and ranckled in anguish [L. adflictus vitam in tenebris luctuque trahebam]. 1614 T. Adams Diuells Banket v. 258 Lay the guilt on your selues, if you ranckle to death. 1663 J. Heath Chron. Late Intestine Warr 572 The Dutch had ranckled with spleen at the successes of this State. 1763 C. Churchill Prophecy of Famine 325 Creatures which when admitted in the Ark Their saviour shunned, and rankled in the dark. 1894 W. E. Gladstone tr. Horace Odes iv. iv. 63 Alcides, rankling to be foiled, Saw the lopped limbs grow quick again. 1923 D. H. Lawrence Stud. Classic Amer. Lit. ii. 21 Probably I haven't got over those Poor Richard tags yet. I rankle still with them. 1950 R. Moore Candlemas Bay 339 If he left without seeing her she'd rankle over it for months. 1999 Time 24 May 43/1 The Chinese..have rankled for decades because of Japanese politicians stretching syntax to avoid apologizing. b. intransitive. Of a bitter or malignant feeling (formerly also of grief): to resemble or act like a festering sore; to persist painfully. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > bitterness of heart > be or become bitter at heart [verb (intransitive)] > fester (of bitter feeling) rankle1623 festera1639 rancour1640 1623 J. Hayward Christs Prayer upon Crosse 64 Teaching vs thereby..to make diligent search, that no secret desire of reuenge, doe secretly rankle and fester in our soules. 1688 R. Blackbourn Clitie iii. 157 His Grief and Anguish stifling all his words, lay rankling at his Heart. 1724 J. Gay Captives i. v. 9 Is still the King a stranger to this sorrow That day and night lies rankling in your breast? 1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves I. iii. 71 Mr. Darnel's hatred still rankled at bottom, and soon broke out. 1789 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 583 The ill humor on account of the Dutch revolution continues to rankle here. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. 263 Animosity had long been rankling between Thebes and Phocis. 1874 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens III. xvii. iii. 265 A bitter feeling rankled in his heart. 1936 D. Carnegie How to win Friends & infl. People i. i. 41 If you and I want to stir up a resentment tomorrow that [printed than] may rankle across the decades and endure until death, just let us indulge in a little stinging criticism. 1977 K. M. E. Murray Caught in Web of Words (1979) xv. 290 The old grievance that the University..had not given him an honorary doctorate continued to rankle. 2005 Sunday Times (Nexis) 16 Oct. 3 The programme ran for three series. Yet the decision to axe it in 2003 has left a bitterness that still rankles. c. intransitive. Of an experience, event, etc.: to persist in causing painful, bitter, or venomous feelings. In earlier use usually with in (a person, a person's heart, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > be painful or distressing to a person [verb (intransitive)] to claw, rub, hit on the gallc1386 smarta1400 rankle1735 to play hell (with)1750 gnaw1859 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > bitterness > [verb (intransitive)] > continue rankle1735 the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > become sour [verb (intransitive)] > cause sour or bitter feelings rankle1735 1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Lett. Study Hist. (1752) ii. 36 The passages of King Charles the Second's reign might rankle still at the hearts of some men. 1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) III. xliv. 195 Such a mode of warfare would rankle in the heart of America. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 584 The mock embassy..was doubtless still rankling in his mind. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. x. 480 The sight of the palace of the English overlord..rankled in his soul. 1902 H. James Wings of Dove I. viii. 201 It just faintly rankled in her that a person who was good enough and to spare for Milly Theale shouldn't be good enough for another girl. 1940 C. Stead Man who loved Children viii. 342 Louie knew that Clare only behaved like this when her poverty rankled worst. 1993 Utne Reader Jan. 134/2 The unhappiness and exhaustion I can perhaps understand. The rudeness, especially as it is so often directed at me, rankles. 6. intransitive. To become or turn into by festering (literal and figurative). Formerly also with †to. Now rare. ΚΠ 1622 T. Adams Eirenopolis 39 So soone it [sc. rage] rankles into malice, & that is full opposite to Innocence. 1638 J. Ford Fancies iv. 51 This foulenesse must be purg'd, Or thy disease will ranckle to a pestilence. 1680 T. Otway Hist. Caius Marius v. 54 Till the false Medicine be at last discover'd, And then it ranckles to a Sore again. 1766 J. Woodhouse Epist. to Ld. Lyttleton in Poems Sundry Occas. (ed. 2) 126/1 While all the soul seems rankling into spleen, 'Tis wise to fly the melancholy scene. a1771 T. Gray Agrippina in Poems (1775) 131 Sweets of kindness lavishly indulg'd Rankle to gall. 1821 New Monthly Mag. 2 300 Our feelings..lie rankling and rotting into morbidity and corruption. 1889 G. Gissing Nether World I. ix. 208 The injury he was inflicting upon her pride rankled into bitter resentment. 1960 A. Toynbee in Times Lit. Suppl. 13 May 307/2 The Atomic Age into which the Machine Age has now rankled. †7. transitive. To conceive or nourish (a bitter feeling). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1819 Metropolis (ed. 2) III. 16 His heart rancled hatred in the extreme for the cruel act. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹?c1190n.²a1632v.c1330
随便看	unbuttons unbuttressed unbuxom undeciduous undecimal undeciman undecimarian undecimarticulate undecimvir undecimvirate undecipher undecipherability undecipherable undecipherably undeciphered undecised undecision undecisive undecisively undecisiveness undeck undecked undecking undecks undeclarable

† ranklen.1

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