raspn.¹

Brit.

/rɑːsp/,

/rasp/, U.S.

/ræsp/

Forms: 1500s–1600s raspe, 1600s– rasp; also Scottish pre-1700 1800s– resp. N.E.D. (1903) also records a form 1500s respe (northern).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French raspe.

Etymology: < Middle French raspe, rape (French râpe ) carpenter's file (1269 in Old French) < rasper rasp v.¹ Compare post-classical Latin raspa (1389 in Du Cange), and (denoting the tool as well as in other senses) Catalan raspa (1371), Spanish raspa (15th cent.), Portuguese raspa (1364), Italian raspa (a1537). Compare also (all ultimately < French) Dutch rasp (1567), Middle Low German raspe , Danish rasp , Swedish rasp . Compare earlier rape n.⁶

a. A type of coarse file having many projections or teeth on its surface; (also) any similar tool used for scraping, filing, or rubbing down.bent-, rat-tail, screw-rasp, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > file > [noun] > coarse

rape1404

risp1511

rasp1541

rubber1678

rake1727

hack file1868

1541 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 176 Item, ane resp, ane turcas, and four cuchin nailis of jrne.

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. Thesaurarye sig. a4^v/1 The Raspes or scrapers, callede in Latine, Radulæ.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Froyer, a rubber; also, a raspe.

1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick v. ix. 176 Part one from the other with an iron rasp, or file.

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 54 Most Rasps have formerly been made of Iron and Case-hardned.

1698 tr. F. Froger Relation Voy. Coasts Afr. 59 They are usually grated with Rasps made for that purpose.

1730 G. E. Stahl Philos. Princ. Universal Chem. i. §2. 27 The Methods of Comminution by Lamination and Limation, or by the Hammer, the File or the Rasp, are too well known to need any explanation.

1763 H. Walpole Catal. Engravers 73 They made several experiments, and at last invented a steel roller, cut with tools to make teeth like a file or rasp.

1803 F. W. Blagdon Paris as it Was I. xxx. 349 A flat plane with a toothed iron, whose effect is much like that of a rasp which reduces wood into dust.

1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 819 When the file is spoken of, a double-cut file is always implied, unless a single-cut file, or a rasp, is specifically named.

1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §238. 86 Rasps generally speaking are used in carpentry for cutting away or smoothing wood.

1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo ix. 144 Strips of the horny soles are sliced off with the drawknife until the desired thickness is reached, and the surface is smoothed with the rasp.

1993 Pop. Mech. Mar. 74/1 Then, use a drum sander in the drill press to remove the saw marks using files and rasps.

2005 A. O. Fraser Your First Workshop 35 A rasp is an interesting shaping tool that excels at shaping contours and flattening small areas.

†b. In sugar manufacturing: a mechanical device for grating down sugar beet. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > sugar manufacture > [noun] > grater for beets or other roots

rasp1831

rasper1882

1831 Q. Jrnl. Agric. 2 No. 12. 898 From the cleaning machine, the roots are brought to the rasp.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1210 Blocks of wood, with which the workman pushes the beet-roots against the revolving rasp.

1870 Rep. U.S. Comm. Paris Universal Expos. V. 62 These conduits lead down to the cutting surface of the drum, and in each of them there is a contrivance for pushing forward the beet roots upon the rasp.

c. In extended use: a rough surface like that of a rasp. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun] > roughness > rough surface

grain1390

tooth1811

frosting1864

rasp1869

1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone III. xvii. 261 The horses from the country..with the rasp of winter bristles rising through..the soft summer-coat.

1952 L. D. Stamp Land for Tomorrow iii. 72 The quartz fragments derived from quartz veins are angular, not rounded. Set in a hard clay matrix they formed a rasp which ruined the disk plows.

a. Entomology. In certain insects: a ribbed band or roughened surface, over which a movable part rubs to produce sound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > general parts > ribbed band or organ

rasp1826

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxx. 143 This animal..has on it a double series of rasps.

1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man I. x. 378 The rasp generally consists of a narrow, slightly-raised surface, crossed by very fine, parallel ribs.

1928 Sci. Monthly July 81/2 The teeth of this microscopic file or rasp are the rigid strings, so to speak, of this natural insect violin or mandolin.

1993 E. L. Mockford N. Amer. Psocoptera p. xiii Coxal organ, an organ located on the inner face of each hind coxa in many adult psocids, consisting of a small tympanum..and adjacent rasp.

b. Zoology. The radula of a mollusc; an individual tooth on this. Also: the rasping tongue of a lamprey. Now rare.ribbon-rasp: see ribbon n. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > mollusc or shell-fish > parts of mollusc

ungulaa1382

mantlea1475

trunk1661

diaphragm1665

lid1681

operculum1681

ear1688

beard1697

corslet1753

scar1793

opercle1808

pleura1826

pallium1834

byssus1835

cephalic ganglia1835–6

opercule1836

lingual ribbon1839

tube1839

cloak1842

test1842

collar1847

testa1847

rachis1851

uncinus1851

land-shell1853

mantle cavity1853

mesopodium1853

propodium1853

radula1853

malacology1854

gill comb1861

pallial cavity1862

tongue-tootha1877

mesopode1877

odontophore1877

pallial chamber1877

shell-gland1877

rasp1879

protopodium1880

ctenidium1883

osphradium1883

shell-sac1883

tooth-ribbon1883

megalaesthete1885

rachidian1900

scungille1953

tentacle-sheath-

1879 Jrnl. Linn. Soc.: Zool. 14 716 With several hooked or serrated central rasps.

1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 639 Lingual ribbon, rasp, or radula.

1929 Sci. Monthly May 406/1 The rasping tongue with its savage, rake-like teeth, with powerful muscles for working the rasp.

1935 Q. Rev. Biol. 10 277/2 The highly organized radula, or rasp, of predatory molluscs includes a great number of tiny denticles arranged..in longitudinal rows on a movable, strap-like tongue.

3. A harsh grating sound, as of a rasp; (also) a rough dry voice.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [noun] > grating or rasping

grating1611

raspa1828

risp1827

gride1830

skirrc1870

rashing1889

rasping1889

a1828 J. Bernard Retrospections of Stage (1830) II. viii. 239 A loud and vigorous concert of machinery, from the violoncello-movement of the saw, to the fife-squeaking rasp of the file.

1878 R. W. Gilder Poet & Master 19 The grasshoppers' rasp, and rustle of sheaf.

1931 W. Faulkner Sanctuary xviii. 179 In the window the cracked shade, yawning now and then with a faint rasp against the frame, let twilight in the room in fainting surges.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 25 Dec. 4/1 ‘Christ, can you believe that?’ he cries in his staccato, Brooklyn-accented rasp that has been honed just enough so that his ‘thats’ don't come out ‘dats’.

1977 Rolling Stone 30 June 113/1 Like many such groups, Detective centers around a guitarist (Michael Monarch, whose aggressive rasp distinguished the earliest Steppenwolf sides).

1996 C. Rich et al. Stained Glass Basics v. 35/2 As you score the glass, you should hear a soft hissing sound, not a loud rasp.

4. The action or an act of rasping; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the body > [noun] > improving the figure > implement used to improve circulation

flesh-brush1705

rasp1836

1836 E. Howard in Metropolitan Mag. Feb. 152 One more rasp over your upper lip, and you are as smooth as the new-born babe.

1875 J. Grant One of Six Hundred iii. 30 I..angrily gave my hair a finishing rasp with a pair of huge..hair-brushes.

1952 A. Norton Daybreak—2250 A.D. ii. 18 The rasp of it across his skin was the last thing he clearly remembered.

1992 Glimmer Train Fall 80 At odd moments in the day he reaches in to feel the dull rasp of the material between his fingers.

Compounds

C1.

rasp-cutter n.

ΚΠ

1903 N.E.D. at Rasp sb.¹ Rasp-cutter.

1983 Soc. Hist. Technol. 24 409 The wheel rim could not be a rasp cutter because the spaces between its teeth would not be self-sealing, and the printing powder would leak away.

† rasp-cutting adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1874 Subject-matter Index Patents 1790–1873 (U.S. Patent Office) III. 1188/1 Rasp-cutting machine.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1881/2 The rasp-cutting machine resembles the file-cutting machine..in the striking and feeding parts.

rasp-maker n.

ΚΠ

1850 Hist., Gazetteer, & Directory Warwicks. 208/2 Male William, file and rasp maker, ct. 14, Rea Street.

1986 Asahi (Japan) New Service (Nexis) 23 July I began as a rasp-maker.

C2.

rasp-drum n. now rare the drum in a machine for rasping vegetables, the surface of which acts as a grater.

ΚΠ

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1165 The hopper b is attached to the upper frame, has its bottom concentric with the rasp-drum, and nearly in contact with it.

1924 A. J. Wallis-Tayler Sugar Machinery (rev. ed.) xv. 306 The rasp-drum is rotated at a speed of from 700 to 800 revolutions per minute, and is capable of reducing from 12½ to 15 tons of roots into pulp per day.

† rasp grass n. Obsolete rare a sedge, probably common sedge, Carex nigra, which has rough stems (cf. risp n.¹).

ΚΠ

1831 Sutherland Farm Rep. 67 in Libr. Useful Knowl., Husb. III The sheep find, on the peat of damper and deeper quality..rasp grass (carex cæspitosa).

rasp palm n. rare the South American palm Socratea exorrhiza, which has stilt roots that can be used as rasps.

ΚΠ

1882 J. Smith Dict. Econ. Plants Rasp-palm.

1911 Amer. Fern Jrnl. 1 125 The surface of the roots is roughened with sharp projecting tubercles, and they are used for grating the meat of ripe coconuts. On this account, this species is sometimes called the ‘rasp palm’.

† rasp-pod n. Australian Obsolete rare the crow's ash, Flindersia australis, which bears prickly woody fruits that can be used as rasps.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 114/2 Rasp-pod, Queensland, Flindersia australis.

1898 in E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 380/1 Rasp-pod, name given to a large Australian tree, Flindersia australis.

† rasp punch n. Obsolete rare a punch for cutting the teeth of rasps.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1881/2 Rasp-punch, a tool for cutting the teeth of rasps.

† rasp-tooth n. Zoology Obsolete rare (in fishes) each of a set of teeth resembling those of a rasp; usually in plural.

ΚΠ

1844 G. Mantell Medals of Creation xviii. 783 Some of the Batrachians are edentulous, like the turtles, but others have numerous small, conical, uniform, closely-arranged teeth, placed either in a single row, or aggregated like the rasp-teeth in fishes.

1849 R. Owen in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 874/1 Conical teeth, as close set and sharp pointed as the villiform teeth, but of larger size, are called ‘rasp-teeth’.

Derivatives

rasp-like adj.

ΚΠ

1775 G. Motherby New Med. Dict. at Asperatum Specillum The rasp-like probe, the same as blepharoxystum.

1826 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 116 557 The strong rasp-like portions..scrape..over the substance on which they press.

1854 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca ii. 327 Shell..armed in front with rasp-like imbrications.

1948 E. Radford & M. A. Radford Encycl. Superstitions 93 The sound is made not by the mouth, but by rubbing his wings against the rasp-like serrations on its hind legs.

1971 C. Coons Hunting Peoples ii. 18 The same Pygmies trim the staves of their bows with the rasplike leaves of the epiphytic creeper that acts like sandpaper.

1982 Ecology 63 517/1 The radula is fixed to the odontophore which causes the teeth to be pushed over the substratum in a rasp-like fashion.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

raspn.²

Brit.

/rɑːsp/,

/rasp/, U.S.

/ræsp/, Scottish English

/rasp/

Forms: 1500s resp, 1500s respe, 1500s–1600s raspe, 1500s– rasp, 1800s– rausp (Irish English (northern)).

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown. Apparently related to raspis n.², and perhaps shortened from it (perhaps as a result of apprehension of -is as a plural ending).

Now chiefly English regional (northern) and Scottish.

1. = raspberry n. 1.wood rasp: see wood n.¹ Compounds 2c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > raspberry

fryberry?1533

raspis?1533

raspis-berry1534

hindberry1548

rasp1555

framboise1578

raspberry1602

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > raspberry

fryberry?1533

raspis1534

raspis-berry1534

hindberry1548

rasp1555

framboise1578

raspberry1602

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. viii. f. 132^v Bramble busshes bearynge blacke berries or wylde raspes [L. serpentia rubeta mororum altricia].

1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth iii. f. 6^v For kindes of fruites, they haue..rasps, strawberies, and hurtilberies.

1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 133 At Bristol he saw Raspes sold for four pence the quart at Michaelmas.

1731 E. Albin Nat. Hist. Birds I. 16 It feeds on Cherries..Goosberries and Rasps, and other Fruit.

1768 J. Gibson Fruit-gardener ii. vii. 135 The aspects from west..round to south-east..may be employed to good purpose for some kinds of fruit, as morello cherries, rasps, &c.

1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. xxiii. 222 She preferred it to the rasps and hinnyblobs in her grandmamma's garden.

1871 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Aug. 507 Wild cranberries, strawberries, rasps, and other berries.

1956 Times 3 Oct. 12/7 Here and there are hints of more and better ‘rasps’ in Scotland.

1985 A. Blair Tea at Miss Cranston's xxiii. 193 We got paid a penny-a-pound for rasps, and some got quite quick at it, but not like some of the tinks that were real pickers.

2006 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 22 July 32 The consumer is still purchasing rasps just six times a year.

2. = raspberry n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > raspberry bush

raspis-bush?1533

raspis tree?1533

raspis-berry1534

raspis1542

rasp1573

raspberry1605

frambousiera1648

mulberry1672

raspberry bush1695

raspberry tree1704

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 13 Plant Resp & Rose.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §487 Take Sorrell, and set it among Rasps.

1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 117 Rasps and Vines always bear upon a fresh sprout.

1754 J. Justice Scots Gardiners Director 66 The planting [of] Rasps too thick is a great Mistake, for thereby their Fruit becomes small and ill-tasted.

1800 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening (ed. 3) iii. 38 The smooth wooded or cane rasp is to be preferred for a principal crop.

1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 71 The Rasp only ascends into the ravines and wooded deans.

1930 Times 19 Nov. 8/4 A useful fruit industry was established at Blairgowrie, in Scotland. One of the rasps grown was called after the..member for Carnarvon.

2000 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 6 Aug. 36 It's time to get ruthless with your currant and rasp bushes if you want to reap the fruits of your labour.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

raspv.¹

Brit.

/rɑːsp/,

/rasp/, U.S.

/ræsp/

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French rasper.

Etymology: Apparently < Middle French rasper, raper (French râper ) to scratch (14th cent. in Moamin in an apparently isolated attestation), to work (wood) with a rasp (1555), ultimately a borrowing < a Germanic language (see below). Although the French verb is barely attested before the second half of the 16th cent., and then usually in the form raper , earlier currency is usually assumed on the basis of the apparent derivative raspe rasp n.¹, and also by the past participial forms listed at rapé n.⁴ and rape n.⁷ Compare post-classical Latin raspare (13th cent.), Old Occitan raspar , Catalan raspar (c1390), Spanish raspar (15th cent.), Portuguese raspar (14th cent.), Italian raspare (a1306). Compare rape v.³ Perhaps compare also earlier rosp v.¹The word in the Romance languages probably shows an early borrowing < the Germanic base of Old High German raspōn to collect hurriedly, to grab (Middle High German raspen, German raspen), related to Old English gehrespan to plunder, Old High German hrespan, respan to tear, further etymology uncertain.

†1. transitive. To inscribe by scraping or scratching; to score. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > incising or intaglio > incise (marks or figures) [verb (transitive)]

writeeOE

gravec1275

raspc1400

insculp?a1475

insculpt1487

scrape1532

sculp?1533

engrave1542

enchase1579

incarve1596

engraven1605

trencha1616

scratch1644

style1864

lithograph1872

scribe1896

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1545 (MED) Þe honde til hit hade al graven, And rasped on þe roȝ woȝe runisch sauez.

a. transitive. To grate, file, or scrape with a rasp or other rough instrument.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > rasp

raspc1400

rape1607

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1724 Þe fyste..Þat rasped renyschly þe woȝe wyth þe roȝ penne.

1580 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Short Disc. Chirurg. sig. Nii Lignum Sanctum, Rasped small; pound.

1589 J. Banister Antidotarie Chyrurg. 281 Rec. Radicis ferulæ that was gathered in the newe of the moone, well dried and rasped small.

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 245 Cranium hominis alicujus Justificate zo xij. (more or lesse) rasp it small.

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ix. 384 He can turn 20 of these [sc. twists], whilst one is cut or rasp't.

1694 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 278 The Root rasped affords a fine Flour or Powder.

1701 New Descr. Holland viii. 75 Such sort of People are bound to Rasp Fifty Pounds of Logwood between 'em.

1739 J. Kirkpatrick Acct. Success Mrs. Stephens's Med. 34 It [sc. the stone] has divers Parts, upon the full side, appearing as if they had been rasped on a Grater or File.

1763 W. Borlase in Philos. Trans. 1752 (Royal Soc.) 52 509 As if it had been rasped by a rough rounded file.

1811 J. Parkins Young Man's Best Compan. 538 Logwood being rasped and shaved into small chips.

1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 90 The fuze must be rasped if necessary.

1899 Woman at Home Dec. 341/2 Rasp 12 medium sized potatoes.

1935 J. Drew Blacksmithing ix. 93 The owner brought the colt to the writer, who simply pulled the shoes off and rasped the hoofs to a perfect level and replaced the shoes.

1961 J. A. Verleun tr. J. Hartog Aruba Past & Present ii. 30 Ground to powder or rasped it [sc. Brazil wood] was used for the preparation of a red dye.

2001 Mag. Antiques (Nexis) 1 Aug. 184 The head was shaped with a bow saw, then rasped, filed, and smoothed like the shaft.

†b. transitive. To scrape the hard crust from (bread). Also intransitive with passive meaning. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of bread > prepare bread [verb (transitive)] > pare or grate crust

chip1469

rasp1656

1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Raspe or Raspatory An Instrument of scraping or filing, such as Butlers use to rasp French Bread with.

1670 H. Wolley Queen-like Closet xlix. 210 Make it [sc. the paste] into little Rolls, and bake them, then rasp them, and put them into the Oven again for a while.

1723 J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. Ff5^v Mould it [sc. paste] again, and make it into small Rolls, bake them, rasp them, and put them into the Oven again for a little while.

1773 C. Mason Lady's Assistant 299 Rasp the rolls.

1889 R. Wells Pastrycook & Confectioner's Guide ii. 11 French rolls must always be rasped.

1892 R. Wells Mod. Pract. Bread Baker 57 They must be well baked, or they will not rasp as all French rolls should.

3. transitive. With adverbs. To scrape off, away, out, etc.; (also) to file or sand down.

ΚΠ

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World x. 294 With a small iron Rasp made for the purpose, the Kernel or Nut is rasped out clean.

1706 R. Howlett Anglers Sure Guide i. 2 Cut off all the Knots as close as you can, and rasp them down quite, and then smooth them with the Fin of a Seal-fish.

1736 W. Ellis New Exper. Husbandry 112 He made a Hole in two, and filed or rasped down some of the rest.

1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 77 I began to rasp off the bark.

1862 J. Tyndall Mountaineering in 1861 viii. 72 These rocks are known to have their angles rasped off, and to be fluted and scarred by the ice.

1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies viii. 294 The stream, as it rushed up, rasped away the sides of the hole.

1908 J. Kirkland Mod. Baker II. xxvi. 162 These rolls are occasionally baked with a very hard crust, which is afterwards rasped off.

1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs i. 14 The early mollusc feeds by rasping up small particles and raking them into its buccal cavity.

1986 F. Underwood & G. Warr in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) ii. iii. 171 It is better to rasp away any excess rather than cut it away with a chisel.

2006 E. Darwin Math. of Love iii. i. 211 Just as my skin could recall the icy kiss of those mountain rivers, so now I felt how the huckaback linen rasped the drops away from her.

a. transitive. More generally: to scrape, grate, or scratch; to rub roughly. Also figurative. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scrape

shavec725

shrapec1000

claw1377

screeve?1440

scartc1480

gratec1530

rape1533

ruffle1615

corrade1646

comb1654

rasp1707

scrape1731

skin1795

scuff1897

1707 Boston News-let. 14 July 2/1 On Thursday last we had a smart clap of Thunder & Lightning..which run down the said Gable-end, rasping and shivering the Timbers and Clapboards as it went.

1715 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. (ed. 2) i. ii. 90 The Mercury in the Agitations of the Tube, rasping the Sides thereof.

1786 G. White Jrnl. 26 May (1970) xix. 277 They [sc. female wasps] rasp particles of wood from sound posts & rails.

1824 S. E. Ferrier Inheritance III. xxi. 207 He put his feet actually within the fender, and rasped and crunched the ashes.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. xxxviii. 7 The pony..evinced a strong desire to..rasp himself against brick walls.

1848 J. R. Lowell Vision Sir Launfal i. 12 This man, so foul and bent of stature, Rasped harshly against his dainty nature.

1863 J. G. Holland Lett. to Joneses vi. 86 Your husband grew tired..with rasping against so much new domestic material [i.e. servants].

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 164 The ice played its part in rasping and grinding and polishing the surface of the land.

1905 Smart Set Oct. 30/2 Steve took no notice save to rasp his boots upon the floor before he dipped a new penful of ink.

1944 D. Welch In Youth is Pleasure iii. 53 He held the two pieces together lovingly, trying not to let the broken edges rasp against each other.

1988 W. Horwood Duncton Quest i. ii. 28 As he passed a curious carving in the tunnel wall he rasped his talons over its indentations.

2003 Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Va.) (Nexis) 22 June f1 If you find white transparent spots on leaves and blooms, that's where the pest has rasped the spot bare of tissue.

b. intransitive. To scrape or grate a stringed instrument with a bow. Also occasionally transitive.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > play instrument [verb (intransitive)] > play discordantly

jumble1530

jar1581

rasp1808

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing stringed instrument > play stringed instrument [verb (intransitive)] > play fiddle

fiddle1377

crowd1589

scrape1599

to jig it1808

rasp1842

tweetle1912

1808 S. W. Ryley Itinerant I. iv. 91 A blind fiddler, mounted on a three footed stool, rasped away very seriously the black Joke.

1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xviii. 155 Murphy, who presided in the cart full of fiddlers.., shouted..‘Rasp and lilt away boys’.

1870 A. Steinmetz Gaming Table II. iv. 113 Sorrily rasping on an execrable fiddle.

1905 F. Molloy Russ. Court in 18th Cent. I. iii. 116 The Grand Duke gave a concert in his rooms..rasping on his violin until his hearers ears were ready to split.

1990 R. Sturm tr. V. Paskov Ballad for Georg Henig 18 I was a student and continued to rasp away on the violin..but for a wunderkind I had grown old.

a. transitive. To grate upon, to irritate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex

gremec893

dretchc900

awhenec1000

teenOE

fretc1290

annoyc1300

atrayc1320

encumberc1330

diseasec1340

grindc1350

distemperc1386

offenda1387

arra1400

avexa1400

derea1400

miscomforta1400

angerc1400

engrievec1400

vex1418

molesta1425

entrouble?1435

destroublea1450

poina1450

rubc1450

to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450

disprofit1483

agrea1492

trouble1515

grig1553

mis-set?1553

nip?1553

grate1555

gripe1559

spitec1563

fike?1572

gall1573

corsie1574

corrosive1581

touch1581

disaccommodate1586

macerate1588

perplex1590

thorn1592

exulcerate1593

plague1595

incommode1598

affret1600

brier1601

to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603

discommodate1606

incommodate1611

to grate on or upon1631

disincommodate1635

shog1636

ulcerate1647

incommodiate1650

to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653

discommodiate1654

discommode1657

ruffle1659

regrate1661

disoblige1668

torment1718

pesta1729

chagrin1734

pingle1740

bothera1745

potter1747

wherrit1762

to tweak the nose of1784

to play up1803

tout1808

rasp1810

outrage1818

worrit1818

werrit1825

buggerlug1850

taigle1865

get1867

to give a person the pip1881

to get across ——1888

nark1888

eat1893

to twist the tail1895

dudgeon1906

to tweak the tail of1909

sore1929

to put up1930

wouldn't it rip you!1941

sheg1943

to dick around1944

cheese1946

to pee off1946

to honk off1970

to fuck off1973

to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977

to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983

to wind up1984

to dick about1996

to-teen-

1810 Sporting Mag. 35 80 I saw Flaherty, the deceased, and the two Jordans rasping each other.

1866 H. B. Stowe Little Foxes 14 The mistress is rasped, irritated, despairing.

1887 R. N. Carey Uncle Max xxxviii. 304 Her hard, metallic voice had rasped the invalid's nerves.

1925 V. Woolf Mrs. Dalloway 20 It rasped her, though, to have stirring about in her this brutal monster!

1957 L. P. Hartley Hireling vii. 59 What she saw and heard offended her: it rasped her tender unused sensibility, it blinded her inward turning vision.

1990 R. M. Fried Nightmare in Red (1991) ii. 47 New Deal liberalism had rasped his South Texas sensibilities.

b. intransitive. With preposition on (in the same sense).

ΚΠ

1898 F. P. Dunne Mr. Dooley in Peace & War 232 But wan day it happened that that whole fam'ly begun to rasp on wan another.

1905 Pall Mall Mag. Dec. 674/2 Any reference to the Philippine campaign rasped on his nerves.

1939 T. Scudder Jane Welsh Carlyle xxviii. 299 Too bad the Sterlings were so ill-matched a couple! They rasped on each other like a pair of files.

1993 C. Blaise I had Father vi. 64 Some purely political borders rasp on our consciousnesses—the various Koreas and Irelands [etc.].

a. intransitive. To emanate with a harsh grating sound. Chiefly with from.

ΚΠ

1843 O. W. Holmes After-dinner Poem 46 Grating songs..Rasped from the throats of bellowing amateurs.

1888 Indiana (Pa.) Democrat 26 July Murray's voice..rasped through the room like the filing of a saw.

1924 W. R. Browne Altgeld of Illinois xxix. 329 His voice rasped from the rostrum.

1947 L. Auchincloss Indifferent Children 400 The swing version of an old song rasped from the juke box.

1990 A. Steele Clarke County, Space 68 The old Kingsmen number ‘Louie, Louie’ rasped from the deck, providing a funky aural backdrop for the technochatter.

b. intransitive. To make a harsh grating sound; to go about complaining in an irritating voice.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate

grindOE

grutch1493

frais1513

grate1597

grit1762

rasp1868

grinch1892

crunkle1900

1868 M. H. Smith Sunshine & Shadow in N.Y. 302 He has a loud, harsh, sharp tone, that rasps like a file.

1874 L. Carr Judith Gwynne I. iii. 82 With a shrill voice ceaselessly echoing harshly-worded complaints..Mrs. Nosgood rasped about the place from morning till night.

1910 Z. Grey Heritage of Desert xvi. 229 Reaching for his rifle Hare threw back the lever, but the action clogged, it rasped with the sound of crunching sand.

1963 K. Markandaya Possession xi. 78 Sometimes I came across her late at night, rasping about in the kitchen after one of those dinner-parties.

1987 J. Barth Tidewater Tales (1988) 35 Redwinged blackbirds rasped in the reeds.

c. transitive. To say or sing in a rough grating voice (frequently with direct speech as object); (also) to send out a harsh grating noise. Also intransitive with on.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > throatily or harshly

jangle1377

brayc1400

out-braya1561

yawp1567

throttle1582

swoop1605

throat?1611

caw1616

gargle1635

snarl1693

growl1759

croak1791

rasp1877

to grind out1889

grate1921

1877 Harper's Mag. Oct. 664/1 A somewhat harsh clock rasped out the seconds.

1905 Pall Mall Mag. Sept. 276/1 Commander McTurk stiffened. ‘Ah,’ he rasped, ‘that's news to me.’

1937 ‘C. S. Forester’ Happy Return x. 124 ‘Hard-a-starboard,’ he rasped at the quartermaster.

1953 P. Marshall in Contemp. Reader Aug. 47/2 Cassie stopped, her voice tapering into silence as the shower rasped on.

1962 Listener 1 Nov. 704/1 ‘I am prepared’, Mr Stevenson rasped out, ‘to wait for an answer till hell freezes over.’

1992 D. Spoto Blue Angel iv. 42 Waldoff's theatrical songs and recordings..were not so much sung as rasped or bleated with an almost painful, choking coarseness.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† raspv.²

Forms: 1500s–1800s rasp, 1800s resp (English regional (East Anglian)).

Origin: Perhaps an imitative or expressive formation. Or perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rasp v.¹

Etymology: Perhaps imitative, or perhaps a transferred use of rasp v.¹ (compare later rasp v.¹ 6). Compare earlier rosp v.²It is uncertain whether the following shows a noun formation from a variant of the same verb (compare also rosp v.²):c1450 ( H. Daniel Liber Uricrisiarum (Gloucester Cathedral 19) No. 1 f. 5^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Rospinge Respynge & brakynge. N.E.D. (1903) gives the pronunciation as (rɑsp) /rɑːsp/ /ræsp/.

Obsolete (English regional (East Anglian) in later use).

intransitive. To belch. Also transitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of breaking wind > break wind [verb (intransitive)] > belch

rospa1333

bolka1387

rift?c1475

belcha1500

reboke?1499

yeska1522

rout1522

bleach1557

ruck1568

rasp1587

ruct1620

eruct1755

eructate1774

gurk1923

burp1932

bubble1940

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of breaking wind > break wind [verb (transitive)] > belch

yeska1522

bolka1535

rasp1587

rift1601

outbelch1602

to roll up1897

burp1940

1587 A. Golding tr. Solinus Worthie Work iii. sig. D.ii Pomponius the Poet, such a one as hadde beene Consull, did neuer rasp.

1606 Bp. J. Hall Heauen vpon Earth xxvi. 198 The man of nice education..rasping since his last meale.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §123 All Eruptions of Aire..in Rasping, Sneezing, &c.

1640 W. Style tr. L. Gracian Dantisco Galateo Espagnol 9 [If] by reason of thy full feeding, or couldnesse of stomack, thou hast a provocation to rasp wind.

1668 N. Fairfax Let. 18 Feb. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1967) IV. 184 As soon as ever ye incubus goes off, there's an inclination, I am sure, to rasp wind, wch speake ye stomach pent wth forthbearing steams.

1717 W. C. Hydro-sidereon v. 68 The Person troubled with this Disease..[is] apt to Rasp, or Belch much.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Rasp, Resp, to belch.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.¹1541

n.²1555

v.¹c1400

v.²1587

单词	rasp
释义	raspn.¹ Brit. /rɑːsp/, /rasp/, U.S. /ræsp/ Forms: 1500s–1600s raspe, 1600s– rasp; also Scottish pre-1700 1800s– resp. N.E.D. (1903) also records a form 1500s respe (northern). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French raspe. Etymology: < Middle French raspe, rape (French râpe ) carpenter's file (1269 in Old French) < rasper rasp v.¹ Compare post-classical Latin raspa (1389 in Du Cange), and (denoting the tool as well as in other senses) Catalan raspa (1371), Spanish raspa (15th cent.), Portuguese raspa (1364), Italian raspa (a1537). Compare also (all ultimately < French) Dutch rasp (1567), Middle Low German raspe , Danish rasp , Swedish rasp . Compare earlier rape n.⁶ 1. a. A type of coarse file having many projections or teeth on its surface; (also) any similar tool used for scraping, filing, or rubbing down.bent-, rat-tail, screw-rasp, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > file > [noun] > coarse rape1404 risp1511 rasp1541 rubber1678 rake1727 hack file1868 1541 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 176 Item, ane resp, ane turcas, and four cuchin nailis of jrne. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. Thesaurarye sig. a4^v/1 The Raspes or scrapers, callede in Latine, Radulæ. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Froyer, a rubber; also, a raspe. 1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick v. ix. 176 Part one from the other with an iron rasp, or file. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 54 Most Rasps have formerly been made of Iron and Case-hardned. 1698 tr. F. Froger Relation Voy. Coasts Afr. 59 They are usually grated with Rasps made for that purpose. 1730 G. E. Stahl Philos. Princ. Universal Chem. i. §2. 27 The Methods of Comminution by Lamination and Limation, or by the Hammer, the File or the Rasp, are too well known to need any explanation. 1763 H. Walpole Catal. Engravers 73 They made several experiments, and at last invented a steel roller, cut with tools to make teeth like a file or rasp. 1803 F. W. Blagdon Paris as it Was I. xxx. 349 A flat plane with a toothed iron, whose effect is much like that of a rasp which reduces wood into dust. 1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 819 When the file is spoken of, a double-cut file is always implied, unless a single-cut file, or a rasp, is specifically named. 1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §238. 86 Rasps generally speaking are used in carpentry for cutting away or smoothing wood. 1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo ix. 144 Strips of the horny soles are sliced off with the drawknife until the desired thickness is reached, and the surface is smoothed with the rasp. 1993 Pop. Mech. Mar. 74/1 Then, use a drum sander in the drill press to remove the saw marks using files and rasps. 2005 A. O. Fraser Your First Workshop 35 A rasp is an interesting shaping tool that excels at shaping contours and flattening small areas. †b. In sugar manufacturing: a mechanical device for grating down sugar beet. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > sugar manufacture > [noun] > grater for beets or other roots rasp1831 rasper1882 1831 Q. Jrnl. Agric. 2 No. 12. 898 From the cleaning machine, the roots are brought to the rasp. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1210 Blocks of wood, with which the workman pushes the beet-roots against the revolving rasp. 1870 Rep. U.S. Comm. Paris Universal Expos. V. 62 These conduits lead down to the cutting surface of the drum, and in each of them there is a contrivance for pushing forward the beet roots upon the rasp. c. In extended use: a rough surface like that of a rasp. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > [noun] > roughness > rough surface grain1390 tooth1811 frosting1864 rasp1869 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone III. xvii. 261 The horses from the country..with the rasp of winter bristles rising through..the soft summer-coat. 1952 L. D. Stamp Land for Tomorrow iii. 72 The quartz fragments derived from quartz veins are angular, not rounded. Set in a hard clay matrix they formed a rasp which ruined the disk plows. 2. a. Entomology. In certain insects: a ribbed band or roughened surface, over which a movable part rubs to produce sound. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > general parts > ribbed band or organ rasp1826 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxx. 143 This animal..has on it a double series of rasps. 1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man I. x. 378 The rasp generally consists of a narrow, slightly-raised surface, crossed by very fine, parallel ribs. 1928 Sci. Monthly July 81/2 The teeth of this microscopic file or rasp are the rigid strings, so to speak, of this natural insect violin or mandolin. 1993 E. L. Mockford N. Amer. Psocoptera p. xiii Coxal organ, an organ located on the inner face of each hind coxa in many adult psocids, consisting of a small tympanum..and adjacent rasp. b. Zoology. The radula of a mollusc; an individual tooth on this. Also: the rasping tongue of a lamprey. Now rare.ribbon-rasp: see ribbon n. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > mollusc or shell-fish > parts of mollusc ungulaa1382 mantlea1475 trunk1661 diaphragm1665 lid1681 operculum1681 ear1688 beard1697 corslet1753 scar1793 opercle1808 pleura1826 pallium1834 byssus1835 cephalic ganglia1835–6 opercule1836 lingual ribbon1839 tube1839 cloak1842 test1842 collar1847 testa1847 rachis1851 uncinus1851 land-shell1853 mantle cavity1853 mesopodium1853 propodium1853 radula1853 malacology1854 gill comb1861 pallial cavity1862 tongue-tootha1877 mesopode1877 odontophore1877 pallial chamber1877 shell-gland1877 rasp1879 protopodium1880 ctenidium1883 osphradium1883 shell-sac1883 tooth-ribbon1883 megalaesthete1885 rachidian1900 scungille1953 tentacle-sheath- 1879 Jrnl. Linn. Soc.: Zool. 14 716 With several hooked or serrated central rasps. 1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 639 Lingual ribbon, rasp, or radula. 1929 Sci. Monthly May 406/1 The rasping tongue with its savage, rake-like teeth, with powerful muscles for working the rasp. 1935 Q. Rev. Biol. 10 277/2 The highly organized radula, or rasp, of predatory molluscs includes a great number of tiny denticles arranged..in longitudinal rows on a movable, strap-like tongue. 3. A harsh grating sound, as of a rasp; (also) a rough dry voice. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [noun] > grating or rasping grating1611 raspa1828 risp1827 gride1830 skirrc1870 rashing1889 rasping1889 a1828 J. Bernard Retrospections of Stage (1830) II. viii. 239 A loud and vigorous concert of machinery, from the violoncello-movement of the saw, to the fife-squeaking rasp of the file. 1878 R. W. Gilder Poet & Master 19 The grasshoppers' rasp, and rustle of sheaf. 1931 W. Faulkner Sanctuary xviii. 179 In the window the cracked shade, yawning now and then with a faint rasp against the frame, let twilight in the room in fainting surges. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 25 Dec. 4/1 ‘Christ, can you believe that?’ he cries in his staccato, Brooklyn-accented rasp that has been honed just enough so that his ‘thats’ don't come out ‘dats’. 1977 Rolling Stone 30 June 113/1 Like many such groups, Detective centers around a guitarist (Michael Monarch, whose aggressive rasp distinguished the earliest Steppenwolf sides). 1996 C. Rich et al. Stained Glass Basics v. 35/2 As you score the glass, you should hear a soft hissing sound, not a loud rasp. 4. The action or an act of rasping; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the body > [noun] > improving the figure > implement used to improve circulation flesh-brush1705 rasp1836 1836 E. Howard in Metropolitan Mag. Feb. 152 One more rasp over your upper lip, and you are as smooth as the new-born babe. 1875 J. Grant One of Six Hundred iii. 30 I..angrily gave my hair a finishing rasp with a pair of huge..hair-brushes. 1952 A. Norton Daybreak—2250 A.D. ii. 18 The rasp of it across his skin was the last thing he clearly remembered. 1992 Glimmer Train Fall 80 At odd moments in the day he reaches in to feel the dull rasp of the material between his fingers. Compounds C1. rasp-cutter n. ΚΠ 1903 N.E.D. at Rasp sb.¹ Rasp-cutter. 1983 Soc. Hist. Technol. 24 409 The wheel rim could not be a rasp cutter because the spaces between its teeth would not be self-sealing, and the printing powder would leak away. † rasp-cutting adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1874 Subject-matter Index Patents 1790–1873 (U.S. Patent Office) III. 1188/1 Rasp-cutting machine. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1881/2 The rasp-cutting machine resembles the file-cutting machine..in the striking and feeding parts. rasp-maker n. ΚΠ 1850 Hist., Gazetteer, & Directory Warwicks. 208/2 Male William, file and rasp maker, ct. 14, Rea Street. 1986 Asahi (Japan) New Service (Nexis) 23 July I began as a rasp-maker. C2. rasp-drum n. now rare the drum in a machine for rasping vegetables, the surface of which acts as a grater. ΚΠ 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1165 The hopper b is attached to the upper frame, has its bottom concentric with the rasp-drum, and nearly in contact with it. 1924 A. J. Wallis-Tayler Sugar Machinery (rev. ed.) xv. 306 The rasp-drum is rotated at a speed of from 700 to 800 revolutions per minute, and is capable of reducing from 12½ to 15 tons of roots into pulp per day. † rasp grass n. Obsolete rare a sedge, probably common sedge, Carex nigra, which has rough stems (cf. risp n.¹). ΚΠ 1831 Sutherland Farm Rep. 67 in Libr. Useful Knowl., Husb. III The sheep find, on the peat of damper and deeper quality..rasp grass (carex cæspitosa). rasp palm n. rare the South American palm Socratea exorrhiza, which has stilt roots that can be used as rasps. ΚΠ 1882 J. Smith Dict. Econ. Plants Rasp-palm. 1911 Amer. Fern Jrnl. 1 125 The surface of the roots is roughened with sharp projecting tubercles, and they are used for grating the meat of ripe coconuts. On this account, this species is sometimes called the ‘rasp palm’. † rasp-pod n. Australian Obsolete rare the crow's ash, Flindersia australis, which bears prickly woody fruits that can be used as rasps.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 114/2 Rasp-pod, Queensland, Flindersia australis. 1898 in E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 380/1 Rasp-pod, name given to a large Australian tree, Flindersia australis. † rasp punch n. Obsolete rare a punch for cutting the teeth of rasps.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1881/2 Rasp-punch, a tool for cutting the teeth of rasps. † rasp-tooth n. Zoology Obsolete rare (in fishes) each of a set of teeth resembling those of a rasp; usually in plural. ΚΠ 1844 G. Mantell Medals of Creation xviii. 783 Some of the Batrachians are edentulous, like the turtles, but others have numerous small, conical, uniform, closely-arranged teeth, placed either in a single row, or aggregated like the rasp-teeth in fishes. 1849 R. Owen in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 874/1 Conical teeth, as close set and sharp pointed as the villiform teeth, but of larger size, are called ‘rasp-teeth’. Derivatives rasp-like adj. ΚΠ 1775 G. Motherby New Med. Dict. at Asperatum Specillum The rasp-like probe, the same as blepharoxystum. 1826 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 116 557 The strong rasp-like portions..scrape..over the substance on which they press. 1854 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca ii. 327 Shell..armed in front with rasp-like imbrications. 1948 E. Radford & M. A. Radford Encycl. Superstitions 93 The sound is made not by the mouth, but by rubbing his wings against the rasp-like serrations on its hind legs. 1971 C. Coons Hunting Peoples ii. 18 The same Pygmies trim the staves of their bows with the rasplike leaves of the epiphytic creeper that acts like sandpaper. 1982 Ecology 63 517/1 The radula is fixed to the odontophore which causes the teeth to be pushed over the substratum in a rasp-like fashion. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). raspn.² Brit. /rɑːsp/, /rasp/, U.S. /ræsp/, Scottish English /rasp/ Forms: 1500s resp, 1500s respe, 1500s–1600s raspe, 1500s– rasp, 1800s– rausp (Irish English (northern)). Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Apparently related to raspis n.², and perhaps shortened from it (perhaps as a result of apprehension of -is as a plural ending). Now chiefly English regional (northern) and Scottish. 1. = raspberry n. 1.wood rasp: see wood n.¹ Compounds 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > raspberry fryberry?1533 raspis?1533 raspis-berry1534 hindberry1548 rasp1555 framboise1578 raspberry1602 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > raspberry fryberry?1533 raspis1534 raspis-berry1534 hindberry1548 rasp1555 framboise1578 raspberry1602 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. viii. f. 132^v Bramble busshes bearynge blacke berries or wylde raspes [L. serpentia rubeta mororum altricia]. 1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth iii. f. 6^v For kindes of fruites, they haue..rasps, strawberies, and hurtilberies. 1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 133 At Bristol he saw Raspes sold for four pence the quart at Michaelmas. 1731 E. Albin Nat. Hist. Birds I. 16 It feeds on Cherries..Goosberries and Rasps, and other Fruit. 1768 J. Gibson Fruit-gardener ii. vii. 135 The aspects from west..round to south-east..may be employed to good purpose for some kinds of fruit, as morello cherries, rasps, &c. 1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. xxiii. 222 She preferred it to the rasps and hinnyblobs in her grandmamma's garden. 1871 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Aug. 507 Wild cranberries, strawberries, rasps, and other berries. 1956 Times 3 Oct. 12/7 Here and there are hints of more and better ‘rasps’ in Scotland. 1985 A. Blair Tea at Miss Cranston's xxiii. 193 We got paid a penny-a-pound for rasps, and some got quite quick at it, but not like some of the tinks that were real pickers. 2006 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 22 July 32 The consumer is still purchasing rasps just six times a year. 2. = raspberry n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > raspberry bush raspis-bush?1533 raspis tree?1533 raspis-berry1534 raspis1542 rasp1573 raspberry1605 frambousiera1648 mulberry1672 raspberry bush1695 raspberry tree1704 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 13 Plant Resp & Rose. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §487 Take Sorrell, and set it among Rasps. 1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 117 Rasps and Vines always bear upon a fresh sprout. 1754 J. Justice Scots Gardiners Director 66 The planting [of] Rasps too thick is a great Mistake, for thereby their Fruit becomes small and ill-tasted. 1800 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening (ed. 3) iii. 38 The smooth wooded or cane rasp is to be preferred for a principal crop. 1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 71 The Rasp only ascends into the ravines and wooded deans. 1930 Times 19 Nov. 8/4 A useful fruit industry was established at Blairgowrie, in Scotland. One of the rasps grown was called after the..member for Carnarvon. 2000 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 6 Aug. 36 It's time to get ruthless with your currant and rasp bushes if you want to reap the fruits of your labour. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). raspv.¹ Brit. /rɑːsp/, /rasp/, U.S. /ræsp/ Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French rasper. Etymology: Apparently < Middle French rasper, raper (French râper ) to scratch (14th cent. in Moamin in an apparently isolated attestation), to work (wood) with a rasp (1555), ultimately a borrowing < a Germanic language (see below). Although the French verb is barely attested before the second half of the 16th cent., and then usually in the form raper , earlier currency is usually assumed on the basis of the apparent derivative raspe rasp n.¹, and also by the past participial forms listed at rapé n.⁴ and rape n.⁷ Compare post-classical Latin raspare (13th cent.), Old Occitan raspar , Catalan raspar (c1390), Spanish raspar (15th cent.), Portuguese raspar (14th cent.), Italian raspare (a1306). Compare rape v.³ Perhaps compare also earlier rosp v.¹The word in the Romance languages probably shows an early borrowing < the Germanic base of Old High German raspōn to collect hurriedly, to grab (Middle High German raspen, German raspen), related to Old English gehrespan to plunder, Old High German hrespan, respan to tear, further etymology uncertain. †1. transitive. To inscribe by scraping or scratching; to score. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > incising or intaglio > incise (marks or figures) [verb (transitive)] writeeOE gravec1275 raspc1400 insculp?a1475 insculpt1487 scrape1532 sculp?1533 engrave1542 enchase1579 incarve1596 engraven1605 trencha1616 scratch1644 style1864 lithograph1872 scribe1896 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1545 (MED) Þe honde til hit hade al graven, And rasped on þe roȝ woȝe runisch sauez. 2. a. transitive. To grate, file, or scrape with a rasp or other rough instrument. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > rasp raspc1400 rape1607 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1724 Þe fyste..Þat rasped renyschly þe woȝe wyth þe roȝ penne. 1580 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Short Disc. Chirurg. sig. Nii Lignum Sanctum, Rasped small; pound. 1589 J. Banister Antidotarie Chyrurg. 281 Rec. Radicis ferulæ that was gathered in the newe of the moone, well dried and rasped small. 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 245 Cranium hominis alicujus Justificate zo xij. (more or lesse) rasp it small. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ix. 384 He can turn 20 of these [sc. twists], whilst one is cut or rasp't. 1694 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 278 The Root rasped affords a fine Flour or Powder. 1701 New Descr. Holland viii. 75 Such sort of People are bound to Rasp Fifty Pounds of Logwood between 'em. 1739 J. Kirkpatrick Acct. Success Mrs. Stephens's Med. 34 It [sc. the stone] has divers Parts, upon the full side, appearing as if they had been rasped on a Grater or File. 1763 W. Borlase in Philos. Trans. 1752 (Royal Soc.) 52 509 As if it had been rasped by a rough rounded file. 1811 J. Parkins Young Man's Best Compan. 538 Logwood being rasped and shaved into small chips. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 90 The fuze must be rasped if necessary. 1899 Woman at Home Dec. 341/2 Rasp 12 medium sized potatoes. 1935 J. Drew Blacksmithing ix. 93 The owner brought the colt to the writer, who simply pulled the shoes off and rasped the hoofs to a perfect level and replaced the shoes. 1961 J. A. Verleun tr. J. Hartog Aruba Past & Present ii. 30 Ground to powder or rasped it [sc. Brazil wood] was used for the preparation of a red dye. 2001 Mag. Antiques (Nexis) 1 Aug. 184 The head was shaped with a bow saw, then rasped, filed, and smoothed like the shaft. †b. transitive. To scrape the hard crust from (bread). Also intransitive with passive meaning. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of bread > prepare bread [verb (transitive)] > pare or grate crust chip1469 rasp1656 1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Raspe or Raspatory An Instrument of scraping or filing, such as Butlers use to rasp French Bread with. 1670 H. Wolley Queen-like Closet xlix. 210 Make it [sc. the paste] into little Rolls, and bake them, then rasp them, and put them into the Oven again for a while. 1723 J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. Ff5^v Mould it [sc. paste] again, and make it into small Rolls, bake them, rasp them, and put them into the Oven again for a little while. 1773 C. Mason Lady's Assistant 299 Rasp the rolls. 1889 R. Wells Pastrycook & Confectioner's Guide ii. 11 French rolls must always be rasped. 1892 R. Wells Mod. Pract. Bread Baker 57 They must be well baked, or they will not rasp as all French rolls should. 3. transitive. With adverbs. To scrape off, away, out, etc.; (also) to file or sand down. ΚΠ 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World x. 294 With a small iron Rasp made for the purpose, the Kernel or Nut is rasped out clean. 1706 R. Howlett Anglers Sure Guide i. 2 Cut off all the Knots as close as you can, and rasp them down quite, and then smooth them with the Fin of a Seal-fish. 1736 W. Ellis New Exper. Husbandry 112 He made a Hole in two, and filed or rasped down some of the rest. 1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 77 I began to rasp off the bark. 1862 J. Tyndall Mountaineering in 1861 viii. 72 These rocks are known to have their angles rasped off, and to be fluted and scarred by the ice. 1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies viii. 294 The stream, as it rushed up, rasped away the sides of the hole. 1908 J. Kirkland Mod. Baker II. xxvi. 162 These rolls are occasionally baked with a very hard crust, which is afterwards rasped off. 1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs i. 14 The early mollusc feeds by rasping up small particles and raking them into its buccal cavity. 1986 F. Underwood & G. Warr in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) ii. iii. 171 It is better to rasp away any excess rather than cut it away with a chisel. 2006 E. Darwin Math. of Love iii. i. 211 Just as my skin could recall the icy kiss of those mountain rivers, so now I felt how the huckaback linen rasped the drops away from her. 4. a. transitive. More generally: to scrape, grate, or scratch; to rub roughly. Also figurative. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scrape shavec725 shrapec1000 claw1377 screeve?1440 scartc1480 gratec1530 rape1533 ruffle1615 corrade1646 comb1654 rasp1707 scrape1731 skin1795 scuff1897 1707 Boston News-let. 14 July 2/1 On Thursday last we had a smart clap of Thunder & Lightning..which run down the said Gable-end, rasping and shivering the Timbers and Clapboards as it went. 1715 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. (ed. 2) i. ii. 90 The Mercury in the Agitations of the Tube, rasping the Sides thereof. 1786 G. White Jrnl. 26 May (1970) xix. 277 They [sc. female wasps] rasp particles of wood from sound posts & rails. 1824 S. E. Ferrier Inheritance III. xxi. 207 He put his feet actually within the fender, and rasped and crunched the ashes. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. xxxviii. 7 The pony..evinced a strong desire to..rasp himself against brick walls. 1848 J. R. Lowell Vision Sir Launfal i. 12 This man, so foul and bent of stature, Rasped harshly against his dainty nature. 1863 J. G. Holland Lett. to Joneses vi. 86 Your husband grew tired..with rasping against so much new domestic material [i.e. servants]. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 164 The ice played its part in rasping and grinding and polishing the surface of the land. 1905 Smart Set Oct. 30/2 Steve took no notice save to rasp his boots upon the floor before he dipped a new penful of ink. 1944 D. Welch In Youth is Pleasure iii. 53 He held the two pieces together lovingly, trying not to let the broken edges rasp against each other. 1988 W. Horwood Duncton Quest i. ii. 28 As he passed a curious carving in the tunnel wall he rasped his talons over its indentations. 2003 Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Va.) (Nexis) 22 June f1 If you find white transparent spots on leaves and blooms, that's where the pest has rasped the spot bare of tissue. b. intransitive. To scrape or grate a stringed instrument with a bow. Also occasionally transitive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > play instrument [verb (intransitive)] > play discordantly jumble1530 jar1581 rasp1808 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing stringed instrument > play stringed instrument [verb (intransitive)] > play fiddle fiddle1377 crowd1589 scrape1599 to jig it1808 rasp1842 tweetle1912 1808 S. W. Ryley Itinerant I. iv. 91 A blind fiddler, mounted on a three footed stool, rasped away very seriously the black Joke. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xviii. 155 Murphy, who presided in the cart full of fiddlers.., shouted..‘Rasp and lilt away boys’. 1870 A. Steinmetz Gaming Table II. iv. 113 Sorrily rasping on an execrable fiddle. 1905 F. Molloy Russ. Court in 18th Cent. I. iii. 116 The Grand Duke gave a concert in his rooms..rasping on his violin until his hearers ears were ready to split. 1990 R. Sturm tr. V. Paskov Ballad for Georg Henig 18 I was a student and continued to rasp away on the violin..but for a wunderkind I had grown old. 5. a. transitive. To grate upon, to irritate. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex gremec893 dretchc900 awhenec1000 teenOE fretc1290 annoyc1300 atrayc1320 encumberc1330 diseasec1340 grindc1350 distemperc1386 offenda1387 arra1400 avexa1400 derea1400 miscomforta1400 angerc1400 engrievec1400 vex1418 molesta1425 entrouble?1435 destroublea1450 poina1450 rubc1450 to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450 disprofit1483 agrea1492 trouble1515 grig1553 mis-set?1553 nip?1553 grate1555 gripe1559 spitec1563 fike?1572 gall1573 corsie1574 corrosive1581 touch1581 disaccommodate1586 macerate1588 perplex1590 thorn1592 exulcerate1593 plague1595 incommode1598 affret1600 brier1601 to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603 discommodate1606 incommodate1611 to grate on or upon1631 disincommodate1635 shog1636 ulcerate1647 incommodiate1650 to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653 discommodiate1654 discommode1657 ruffle1659 regrate1661 disoblige1668 torment1718 pesta1729 chagrin1734 pingle1740 bothera1745 potter1747 wherrit1762 to tweak the nose of1784 to play up1803 tout1808 rasp1810 outrage1818 worrit1818 werrit1825 buggerlug1850 taigle1865 get1867 to give a person the pip1881 to get across ——1888 nark1888 eat1893 to twist the tail1895 dudgeon1906 to tweak the tail of1909 sore1929 to put up1930 wouldn't it rip you!1941 sheg1943 to dick around1944 cheese1946 to pee off1946 to honk off1970 to fuck off1973 to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977 to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983 to wind up1984 to dick about1996 to-teen- 1810 Sporting Mag. 35 80 I saw Flaherty, the deceased, and the two Jordans rasping each other. 1866 H. B. Stowe Little Foxes 14 The mistress is rasped, irritated, despairing. 1887 R. N. Carey Uncle Max xxxviii. 304 Her hard, metallic voice had rasped the invalid's nerves. 1925 V. Woolf Mrs. Dalloway 20 It rasped her, though, to have stirring about in her this brutal monster! 1957 L. P. Hartley Hireling vii. 59 What she saw and heard offended her: it rasped her tender unused sensibility, it blinded her inward turning vision. 1990 R. M. Fried Nightmare in Red (1991) ii. 47 New Deal liberalism had rasped his South Texas sensibilities. b. intransitive. With preposition on (in the same sense). ΚΠ 1898 F. P. Dunne Mr. Dooley in Peace & War 232 But wan day it happened that that whole fam'ly begun to rasp on wan another. 1905 Pall Mall Mag. Dec. 674/2 Any reference to the Philippine campaign rasped on his nerves. 1939 T. Scudder Jane Welsh Carlyle xxviii. 299 Too bad the Sterlings were so ill-matched a couple! They rasped on each other like a pair of files. 1993 C. Blaise I had Father vi. 64 Some purely political borders rasp on our consciousnesses—the various Koreas and Irelands [etc.]. 6. a. intransitive. To emanate with a harsh grating sound. Chiefly with from. ΚΠ 1843 O. W. Holmes After-dinner Poem 46 Grating songs..Rasped from the throats of bellowing amateurs. 1888 Indiana (Pa.) Democrat 26 July Murray's voice..rasped through the room like the filing of a saw. 1924 W. R. Browne Altgeld of Illinois xxix. 329 His voice rasped from the rostrum. 1947 L. Auchincloss Indifferent Children 400 The swing version of an old song rasped from the juke box. 1990 A. Steele Clarke County, Space 68 The old Kingsmen number ‘Louie, Louie’ rasped from the deck, providing a funky aural backdrop for the technochatter. b. intransitive. To make a harsh grating sound; to go about complaining in an irritating voice. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate grindOE grutch1493 frais1513 grate1597 grit1762 rasp1868 grinch1892 crunkle1900 1868 M. H. Smith Sunshine & Shadow in N.Y. 302 He has a loud, harsh, sharp tone, that rasps like a file. 1874 L. Carr Judith Gwynne I. iii. 82 With a shrill voice ceaselessly echoing harshly-worded complaints..Mrs. Nosgood rasped about the place from morning till night. 1910 Z. Grey Heritage of Desert xvi. 229 Reaching for his rifle Hare threw back the lever, but the action clogged, it rasped with the sound of crunching sand. 1963 K. Markandaya Possession xi. 78 Sometimes I came across her late at night, rasping about in the kitchen after one of those dinner-parties. 1987 J. Barth Tidewater Tales (1988) 35 Redwinged blackbirds rasped in the reeds. c. transitive. To say or sing in a rough grating voice (frequently with direct speech as object); (also) to send out a harsh grating noise. Also intransitive with on. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > throatily or harshly jangle1377 brayc1400 out-braya1561 yawp1567 throttle1582 swoop1605 throat?1611 caw1616 gargle1635 snarl1693 growl1759 croak1791 rasp1877 to grind out1889 grate1921 1877 Harper's Mag. Oct. 664/1 A somewhat harsh clock rasped out the seconds. 1905 Pall Mall Mag. Sept. 276/1 Commander McTurk stiffened. ‘Ah,’ he rasped, ‘that's news to me.’ 1937 ‘C. S. Forester’ Happy Return x. 124 ‘Hard-a-starboard,’ he rasped at the quartermaster. 1953 P. Marshall in Contemp. Reader Aug. 47/2 Cassie stopped, her voice tapering into silence as the shower rasped on. 1962 Listener 1 Nov. 704/1 ‘I am prepared’, Mr Stevenson rasped out, ‘to wait for an answer till hell freezes over.’ 1992 D. Spoto Blue Angel iv. 42 Waldoff's theatrical songs and recordings..were not so much sung as rasped or bleated with an almost painful, choking coarseness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † raspv.² Forms: 1500s–1800s rasp, 1800s resp (English regional (East Anglian)). Origin: Perhaps an imitative or expressive formation. Or perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rasp v.¹ Etymology: Perhaps imitative, or perhaps a transferred use of rasp v.¹ (compare later rasp v.¹ 6). Compare earlier rosp v.²It is uncertain whether the following shows a noun formation from a variant of the same verb (compare also rosp v.²):c1450 ( H. Daniel Liber Uricrisiarum (Gloucester Cathedral 19) No. 1 f. 5^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Rospinge Respynge & brakynge. N.E.D. (1903) gives the pronunciation as (rɑsp) /rɑːsp/ /ræsp/. Obsolete (English regional (East Anglian) in later use). intransitive. To belch. Also transitive. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of breaking wind > break wind [verb (intransitive)] > belch rospa1333 bolka1387 rift?c1475 belcha1500 reboke?1499 yeska1522 rout1522 bleach1557 ruck1568 rasp1587 ruct1620 eruct1755 eructate1774 gurk1923 burp1932 bubble1940 the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of breaking wind > break wind [verb (transitive)] > belch yeska1522 bolka1535 rasp1587 rift1601 outbelch1602 to roll up1897 burp1940 1587 A. Golding tr. Solinus Worthie Work iii. sig. D.ii Pomponius the Poet, such a one as hadde beene Consull, did neuer rasp. 1606 Bp. J. Hall Heauen vpon Earth xxvi. 198 The man of nice education..rasping since his last meale. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §123 All Eruptions of Aire..in Rasping, Sneezing, &c. 1640 W. Style tr. L. Gracian Dantisco Galateo Espagnol 9 [If] by reason of thy full feeding, or couldnesse of stomack, thou hast a provocation to rasp wind. 1668 N. Fairfax Let. 18 Feb. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1967) IV. 184 As soon as ever ye incubus goes off, there's an inclination, I am sure, to rasp wind, wch speake ye stomach pent wth forthbearing steams. 1717 W. C. Hydro-sidereon v. 68 The Person troubled with this Disease..[is] apt to Rasp, or Belch much. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Rasp, Resp, to belch. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹1541n.²1555v.¹c1400v.²1587
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raspn.1

Compounds

Derivatives

raspn.2

raspv.1

† raspv.2

raspn.¹

raspn.²

raspv.¹

† raspv.²