ramusn.

Brit.

/ˈreɪməs/, U.S.

/ˈreɪməs/

Inflections: Plural rami Brit.

/ˈreɪmʌɪ/,

/ˈreɪmiː/, U.S.

/ˈreɪˌmaɪ/.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rāmus.

Etymology: < classical Latin rāmus branch of a tree, branch of any analogous object or formation, genealogical branch, in post-classical Latin also major branch of a blood vessel or nerve (from a1200 in British sources; 1363 in Chauliac), probably < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin rādīx and root n.¹ Compare earlier rame n.¹ and the Romance forms cited at that entry.

1. Anatomy and Zoology. A major branch of a blood vessel or nerve (esp. either of the anterior and posterior divisions of a spinal nerve). Frequently with distinguishing scientific Latin or English word, typically indicating the anatomical location of, or the part supplied by, the branch.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > parts of nerves > [noun] > branch

rame1578

surcle1578

ramus1615

sprig1634

twig1683

ramus communicans1798

rootlet1815

radicle1829

nerve twig1865

arm1870

radical1880

neuropilema1891

neuropil1894

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια iii. viii. 114 Afterward at the fourth spondell of the loynes, the trunke of the hollow veine..is diuided into two branches which are called Rami Iliaci, out of which before their diuision there proceede on either side two veines.

1638 A. Read Man. Anat. 39 It hath so many arteries, from ramus cœliacus, & mesentericus.

1688 A. Pitfield tr. C. Perrault Mem. Nat. Hist. Animals 150 The largest [porcupine spleen], which was five inches long and ten lines broad, was fastned to the left side of the Ventricle, by the rami Splenici which do make the Vas breve.

1707 J. Drake Anthropol. Nova II. vii. 511 The Ramus Major or Posterior, after having bestow'd some Twigs upon the Dura Mater receives a Coat from that..with which it passes out of the Skull through the Fifth Foramen.

1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones 144 Thro' it the palatine Nerve, which is a Branch of the second Ramus of the fifth Pair of Nerves, runs to the Palate.

1777 J. Douglas Myographiæ Comparatæ Specimen (new ed.) 34 The middle branch [of the lower mesenteric artery] having run the same length with the first, divides into two rami.

1825 Lancet 8 Oct. 82/2 Many..tell you..all the branches of an artery—the rami, the ramusculi.

1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Supra-Pubian Nerve, is the internal ramus of the inguino-cutaneous branch of the first lumbar nerve.

1891 Lancet 25 July 187/2 This primary plexus gives out secondary branches, called ‘rami perforantes’, which form the sub-epithelial plexus.

1927 W. Keiller Nerve Tracts i. 147 The spinal nerves distal to the root ganglia divide almost immediately into anterior and posterior rami.

1968 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 99 14/3 The term ‘segmental renal artery’ was applied to primary ventral and dorsal rami, segmental, subsegmental and interlobar arteries.

1998 Ann. Thoracic Surg. 66 1068 Patients were selected on the basis of coronary anatomy, with significant stenoses in the left anterior descending, ramus intermedius, diagonal, right coronary, acute marginal, or posterior descending territories.

2005 Adv. Neonatal Care 5 182/1 Muscle and skin innervation to the extremities originates from the anterior rami.

2. Anatomy and Zoology. A part of a bone, esp. of the mandible, the ischium, or the pubis, that forms an angle with its main body.The ramus of the mandible is the part that extends upward from the angle of the jaw to form the joint with the temporal bone.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > parts of bones > [noun] > natural outgrowth or projecting part

process1565

production1578

apophysis1611

processus1664

probole1684

spine1706

ramus1731

spinous process1732

plectrum1792

buttress1824

epicondyle1828

spiculum1873

1731 J. Douglas App. Hist. Lateral Operation 23 It is carried along the Inside of the Ramus of the Os Pubis to the Dorsum Penis.

1756 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body (ed. 4) II. 339 The Mylo-Glossi are small fleshy Planes situated transversely, one on each side, between the Ramus of the lower Jaw, and the Basis of the Tongue.

1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 9 394 The transverse space existing between the rami of the ischium.

1855 F. H. Ramsbotham Princ. & Pract. Obstetr. Med. (new Amer. ed.) 5 The ischium is connected..with the pubis at the junction of the rami.

1884 P. McBride Guide to Study of Ear Dis. Pl. I (heading) Long process of the Incus, incudo-stapedial joint and posterior ramus of the stapes.

1925 P. Radin & V. C. C. Collum tr. E. Perrier Earth before Hist. iii. ii. 275 In the Mosasaurians the resemblance to Snakes was accentuated by the substitution for the mandibular symphysis of a ligament permitting the separation of the two rami of the lower jaw.

1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiv. 385 The sublingual gland is an elongated flattened reddish body..lying along the inner side of the ramus of the mandible.

1999 K. Reichs Death du Jour iii. 42 A fragment of the left ramus, and a portion of the mandibular body.

3. Zoology. Any of various structures in invertebrates that have the form of a projecting arm; spec. (a) (in the mastax of a rotifer) either of the two articulated parts of the incus that are attached to the fulcrum; (b) (in crustaceans) a branch of a biramous appendage; (c) (more fully caudal ramus) (in some crustaceans) either of a pair of processes projecting backwards from the posterior part of the abdomen.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Rotifera > [noun] > member of > mouth apparatus > parts of

ramus1849

fulcrum1855

incus1877

1849 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 139 332 Each ramus of the jaw is jointed on a short arm..; and each short arm has a curved and strong process.

1882 Amer. Naturalist 16 640 The legs are all bi-ramose, the inner ramus of the fifth pair resembling the same appendage of the other legs.

1886 C. T. Hudson Rotifera I. 118 The trophi consist mainly of two ribbed rami, attached to a long narrow plate (the fulcrum).

1932 L. A. Borradaile & F. A. Potts Invertebrata xii. 303 On the telson [of Crustacea] usually..is a pair of caudal rami forming the caudal furca.

1972 M. S. Gardiner Biol. Invertebr. vii. 236/2 The wall [of the mastax]..is extended into seven firm, sclerotized pieces, the trophi, moved by small individual muscles. These pieces are a single median fulcrum and three pairs of lateral ones, two rami, two unci, and two manubria.

1987 R. D. Barnes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 5) xiv. 593/1 Usually, each ramus of the sixth abdominal appendages (uropods) is composed of a large flattened piece..which is most frequently used in escape swimming.

4. Anatomy. A major branch of the Sylvian or other cerebral fissure.

ΚΠ

1873 J. C. Galton tr. A. Ecker On Convolutions Human Brain 22 If this come to pass, which, nevertheless, is not frequent, the spot where it happens is always behind the ascending ramus of the Sylvian Fissure.

1888 B. C. A. Windle Handbk. Surface Anat. 37 The main trunk and horizontal fissure of the fissure of Sylvius.

1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 653 Appearing on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, the fissure immediately divides into two or three radiating rami.

1989 Amer. Jrnl. Neuroradiol. 10 937 Most frequently, the inferior precentral sulcus is the sulcus posterior to the anterior ascending sylvian ramus.

1996 Neuroimage 4 111 The later source, due to the systematic rotations of the field patterns, is assumed to reflect activation of area 5 in the anterior wall of the marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus.

5. Ornithology. A barb of a feather.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > part of

pen1381

quill?a1425

dowlc1535

rib1545

web1575

pilec1600

twill1664

beard1688

pinion1691

vane1713

shaft1748

beardlet1804

medulla1826

barb1835

barbule1835

stem1845

feather-pulp1859

aftershaft1867

barbicel1869

filament1870

vexillum1871

scape1872

rachis1874

harl1877

calamus1878

radius1882

ramus1882

scapus1882

cilia1884

1867 W. S. Dallas tr. C. L. Nitzsch Pterylography i. 4 In every perfect feather..I distinguish..3. The barbs (rami, Aeste).]

1882 H. Gadow in Proc. Zool. Soc. 411 The series of radii or barbules on either side of the rami or barbs.

1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. 1 245 In Casuarius each primitive feather consists of a long and slender rhachis bearing two series of rami.

1940 Condor 42 46 The gold of [Zonotrichia] coronata results from a yellow carotenoid pigment in the rami throughout most of the pennaceous part of each feather.

1992 Belgian Jrnl. Zool. 122 113 The surface of the rachis, rami and rachidial barbules of feathers of 109 species..is investigated by means of the scanning electron microscope.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	ramus
释义	ramusn. Brit. /ˈreɪməs/, U.S. /ˈreɪməs/ Inflections: Plural rami Brit. /ˈreɪmʌɪ/, /ˈreɪmiː/, U.S. /ˈreɪˌmaɪ/. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rāmus. Etymology: < classical Latin rāmus branch of a tree, branch of any analogous object or formation, genealogical branch, in post-classical Latin also major branch of a blood vessel or nerve (from a1200 in British sources; 1363 in Chauliac), probably < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin rādīx and root n.¹ Compare earlier rame n.¹ and the Romance forms cited at that entry. 1. Anatomy and Zoology. A major branch of a blood vessel or nerve (esp. either of the anterior and posterior divisions of a spinal nerve). Frequently with distinguishing scientific Latin or English word, typically indicating the anatomical location of, or the part supplied by, the branch. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > parts of nerves > [noun] > branch rame1578 surcle1578 ramus1615 sprig1634 twig1683 ramus communicans1798 rootlet1815 radicle1829 nerve twig1865 arm1870 radical1880 neuropilema1891 neuropil1894 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια iii. viii. 114 Afterward at the fourth spondell of the loynes, the trunke of the hollow veine..is diuided into two branches which are called Rami Iliaci, out of which before their diuision there proceede on either side two veines. 1638 A. Read Man. Anat. 39 It hath so many arteries, from ramus cœliacus, & mesentericus. 1688 A. Pitfield tr. C. Perrault Mem. Nat. Hist. Animals 150 The largest [porcupine spleen], which was five inches long and ten lines broad, was fastned to the left side of the Ventricle, by the rami Splenici which do make the Vas breve. 1707 J. Drake Anthropol. Nova II. vii. 511 The Ramus Major or Posterior, after having bestow'd some Twigs upon the Dura Mater receives a Coat from that..with which it passes out of the Skull through the Fifth Foramen. 1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones 144 Thro' it the palatine Nerve, which is a Branch of the second Ramus of the fifth Pair of Nerves, runs to the Palate. 1777 J. Douglas Myographiæ Comparatæ Specimen (new ed.) 34 The middle branch [of the lower mesenteric artery] having run the same length with the first, divides into two rami. 1825 Lancet 8 Oct. 82/2 Many..tell you..all the branches of an artery—the rami, the ramusculi. 1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Supra-Pubian Nerve, is the internal ramus of the inguino-cutaneous branch of the first lumbar nerve. 1891 Lancet 25 July 187/2 This primary plexus gives out secondary branches, called ‘rami perforantes’, which form the sub-epithelial plexus. 1927 W. Keiller Nerve Tracts i. 147 The spinal nerves distal to the root ganglia divide almost immediately into anterior and posterior rami. 1968 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 99 14/3 The term ‘segmental renal artery’ was applied to primary ventral and dorsal rami, segmental, subsegmental and interlobar arteries. 1998 Ann. Thoracic Surg. 66 1068 Patients were selected on the basis of coronary anatomy, with significant stenoses in the left anterior descending, ramus intermedius, diagonal, right coronary, acute marginal, or posterior descending territories. 2005 Adv. Neonatal Care 5 182/1 Muscle and skin innervation to the extremities originates from the anterior rami. 2. Anatomy and Zoology. A part of a bone, esp. of the mandible, the ischium, or the pubis, that forms an angle with its main body.The ramus of the mandible is the part that extends upward from the angle of the jaw to form the joint with the temporal bone. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > parts of bones > [noun] > natural outgrowth or projecting part process1565 production1578 apophysis1611 processus1664 probole1684 spine1706 ramus1731 spinous process1732 plectrum1792 buttress1824 epicondyle1828 spiculum1873 1731 J. Douglas App. Hist. Lateral Operation 23 It is carried along the Inside of the Ramus of the Os Pubis to the Dorsum Penis. 1756 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body (ed. 4) II. 339 The Mylo-Glossi are small fleshy Planes situated transversely, one on each side, between the Ramus of the lower Jaw, and the Basis of the Tongue. 1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 9 394 The transverse space existing between the rami of the ischium. 1855 F. H. Ramsbotham Princ. & Pract. Obstetr. Med. (new Amer. ed.) 5 The ischium is connected..with the pubis at the junction of the rami. 1884 P. McBride Guide to Study of Ear Dis. Pl. I (heading) Long process of the Incus, incudo-stapedial joint and posterior ramus of the stapes. 1925 P. Radin & V. C. C. Collum tr. E. Perrier Earth before Hist. iii. ii. 275 In the Mosasaurians the resemblance to Snakes was accentuated by the substitution for the mandibular symphysis of a ligament permitting the separation of the two rami of the lower jaw. 1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiv. 385 The sublingual gland is an elongated flattened reddish body..lying along the inner side of the ramus of the mandible. 1999 K. Reichs Death du Jour iii. 42 A fragment of the left ramus, and a portion of the mandibular body. 3. Zoology. Any of various structures in invertebrates that have the form of a projecting arm; spec. (a) (in the mastax of a rotifer) either of the two articulated parts of the incus that are attached to the fulcrum; (b) (in crustaceans) a branch of a biramous appendage; (c) (more fully caudal ramus) (in some crustaceans) either of a pair of processes projecting backwards from the posterior part of the abdomen. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Rotifera > [noun] > member of > mouth apparatus > parts of ramus1849 fulcrum1855 incus1877 1849 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 139 332 Each ramus of the jaw is jointed on a short arm..; and each short arm has a curved and strong process. 1882 Amer. Naturalist 16 640 The legs are all bi-ramose, the inner ramus of the fifth pair resembling the same appendage of the other legs. 1886 C. T. Hudson Rotifera I. 118 The trophi consist mainly of two ribbed rami, attached to a long narrow plate (the fulcrum). 1932 L. A. Borradaile & F. A. Potts Invertebrata xii. 303 On the telson [of Crustacea] usually..is a pair of caudal rami forming the caudal furca. 1972 M. S. Gardiner Biol. Invertebr. vii. 236/2 The wall [of the mastax]..is extended into seven firm, sclerotized pieces, the trophi, moved by small individual muscles. These pieces are a single median fulcrum and three pairs of lateral ones, two rami, two unci, and two manubria. 1987 R. D. Barnes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 5) xiv. 593/1 Usually, each ramus of the sixth abdominal appendages (uropods) is composed of a large flattened piece..which is most frequently used in escape swimming. 4. Anatomy. A major branch of the Sylvian or other cerebral fissure. ΚΠ 1873 J. C. Galton tr. A. Ecker On Convolutions Human Brain 22 If this come to pass, which, nevertheless, is not frequent, the spot where it happens is always behind the ascending ramus of the Sylvian Fissure. 1888 B. C. A. Windle Handbk. Surface Anat. 37 The main trunk and horizontal fissure of the fissure of Sylvius. 1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 653 Appearing on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, the fissure immediately divides into two or three radiating rami. 1989 Amer. Jrnl. Neuroradiol. 10 937 Most frequently, the inferior precentral sulcus is the sulcus posterior to the anterior ascending sylvian ramus. 1996 Neuroimage 4 111 The later source, due to the systematic rotations of the field patterns, is assumed to reflect activation of area 5 in the anterior wall of the marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus. 5. Ornithology. A barb of a feather. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > part of pen1381 quill?a1425 dowlc1535 rib1545 web1575 pilec1600 twill1664 beard1688 pinion1691 vane1713 shaft1748 beardlet1804 medulla1826 barb1835 barbule1835 stem1845 feather-pulp1859 aftershaft1867 barbicel1869 filament1870 vexillum1871 scape1872 rachis1874 harl1877 calamus1878 radius1882 ramus1882 scapus1882 cilia1884 1867 W. S. Dallas tr. C. L. Nitzsch Pterylography i. 4 In every perfect feather..I distinguish..3. The barbs (rami, Aeste).] 1882 H. Gadow in Proc. Zool. Soc. 411 The series of radii or barbules on either side of the rami or barbs. 1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. 1 245 In Casuarius each primitive feather consists of a long and slender rhachis bearing two series of rami. 1940 Condor 42 46 The gold of [Zonotrichia] coronata results from a yellow carotenoid pigment in the rami throughout most of the pennaceous part of each feather. 1992 Belgian Jrnl. Zool. 122 113 The surface of the rachis, rami and rachidial barbules of feathers of 109 species..is investigated by means of the scanning electron microscope. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1615
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