| 释义 |
rampantadj.n. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French rampant ; ramp v.1, -ant suffix1. Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman rampant, rampaunt and Old French, Middle French rampant (French rampant ) creeping, crawling (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman in choses rampantes (plural) reptiles), (of a four-legged animal) standing on the sinister hind foot with the forepaws in the air, the sinister above the dexter (c1200, frequently in heraldic use; late 14th cent. in transferred sense ‘fierce’, punning on the heraldic use; use as adjective of present participle of ramper ramp v.1), and partly < ramp v.1 + -ant suffix1. Compare post-classical Latin rampans (1245, 1384 in British sources in spec. heraldic use), Catalan rampant (15th cent.), Spanish rampante (first half of the 15th cent.), Italian rampante (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier), all < French. Compare ramping adj. (which is attested earlier in the senses corresponding to the transferred senses A. 2 and A. 3). With the use as noun compare ramp n.1Uses relating to ferocity (outside of heraldic contexts) are very rare in French, as they are also for ramper ramp v.1 In quots. a1382 at sense A. 1a, a1387 at sense A. 1b, translating classical Latin rapiēns (present participle of rapere to seize: see rape v.2) and rapāx (see rapacious adj.) respectively, although it is uncertain whether this reflects semantic confusion about the meaning of either the Latin or the English words. Compare a similar case at ramping adj. and also discussion at ramp v.3 The β. forms show alteration of the ending after -and suffix1. In early use frequently used postpositively (after French); the postpositive use is now chiefly limited to the spec. heraldic sense A. 1c. A. adj. 1. the world > animals > by habits or actions > [adjective] > that rears the world > animals > by habits or actions > [adjective] > that rears > given to rearing c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) 1336 in C. Horstmann (1875) 1st Ser. 45 (MED) Þo weren huy in grete mourningue, For þe liouns manie raumpaunt To ihesum mauden so fair semblaunt. c1390 in F. J. Furnivall (1901) ii. 623 Þe deuel stod lyk A lyon raumpaunt. a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate (Arun.) (1911) l. 2197 Lik a lyoun, rampaunt in his rage. 1509 S. Hawes (1928) xviii. 79 Rampande Lyons stode up wondersly. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. viii. xvi When he chaseth and followeth after other beasts, hee goeth alwaies saltant or rampant. 1698 J. Fryer 52 The one part of them wearing naked Swords rampant in one Hand. 1735 W. Somervile i. 196 Then on their Haunches rear'd, rampant they seize Each other's Throats. 1762 G. Cockings (ed. 2) iii. 71 Rampant, they rear, and roar, and swing their tails; With deadly Fangs, and lacerating nails. 1822 W. Wordsworth 65 Yon rampant cloud mimics a lion's shape. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ I. i. vi. 103 Careful how he moved his lion paws lest he should crush a rampant..mouse. 1918 W. M. Kirkland vii. 72 Thus sickness reduces us to cave-dwellers or gorillas rampant. 2007 (Nexis) 23 Feb. 44 Rampant horses gallivanting around the countryside. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 447 Bestes rampaunt [?a1475 anon. tr. brute bestes; L. ferae rapaces] spareþ her owne kynde. 1554 J. Heywood 1/1 No rampant lion masculyne The lamblike lion feminyne. 1579 E. Spenser July 21 The rampant Lyon hunts he fast, With dogges of noysome breath. 1641 J. Jackson i. 66 To make the condemnation of these ravenous Wolves, and Lion rampants, more just. a1689 W. Cleland (1697) 50 Ye rampant Lyons, and ye savage Bears, Ye cruel Tigers, all burst forth in Tears. 1748 G. Benson xv. 375 From a fierce and rampant lion, [Popery] is become like a meek and harmlesse lamb. 1811 T. Pringle i. 15 Shall timid maid the rampant tiger tame? 1843 C. Dickens (1844) viii. 89 Some of us..are slow coaches; some of us are fast coaches. Our passions are the horses; and rampant animals too! 1996 M. J. Ellison & C. T. Fosberry 13 Roaming the streets like a rampant tiger in search of raw flesh. society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic representations of creatures > [adjective] > specific movements of heraldic beasts J. Metham (1916) 975 For the kyngdam of Ethyop, hos kyng beryth a lyon rampand Off goulys in a feld off sabyl. c1475 (Folger) (1969) 136 (MED) Here entur six dysgysyde in þe sute of Mynde, wyth rede berdys, and lyoun rampaunt on here crestys. c1503 (Pynson) sig. K.iv Syr beuys bare of colour poymant A rede lyon ot [read of] golde rampant. 1594 W. Shakespeare v. i. 201 Old Neuels crest, The Rampant Beare chaind to the ragged staffe. 1633 T. Adams (iii. 12) 1346 God is no Iudge Dormant, nor Demurrant, nor Rampant. 1652 R. Brome ii. sig. E1 Couchant and Passant, Guardant, Rampant Beggars. 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching VI. 151 Their arms are quarterly in the first and fourth quarter diamond, a rampant lion topaz crowned ruby. 1797 M. Robinson II. xxxix. 203 Not a lion couchant nor a griffin rampant, but was her familiar acquaintance. 1814 W. Scott I. xi. 142 The chosen crest of our family, a bear, as ye observe, and rampant . View more context for this quotation 1838 E. B. Barrett (1983) I. 80 I do not like in man or woman the constant carrying about of an intellect rampant, like a crest! 1944 C. Drepperd 229/1 Animal erect on one paw looking to left, is Rampant. 1990 7 Jan. 69/2 An unidentified ducal crest depicting a coronet above a wheatsheaf with a lion rampant on either side. a1529 J. Skelton (1843) 135 The Whyte Lyon, there rampaunt of moode, He ragyd and rent out your hart bloode. 1684 J. Bunyan 174 The Monster at first was very Rampant, and looked upon these Enemies with great Disdain. View more context for this quotation 1748 J. Thomson ii. lviii The younglings frisk along the meads..Rampant with life. 1800 J. Hurdis 76 With loud reverberating foot He dances rampant in his thund'ring hall. 1843 235 A wild boar, rampant from a forest. 1853 J. G. Baldwin 314 He grew as rampant as a wolf in high oats,—jumping up, rearing around, and squatting low, and sidling about—forwards, backwards. 1933 26 Apr. 14/1 A bunch of rampant youngsters..blazed forth yesterday. More than 100 boys sped through the five Junior Pentathlon events. 2004 (Nexis) 18 June (Sport) 5 He tumbled clown-like at the on-rushing studs of the rampant Rooney. 2. society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [adjective] the world > space > extension in space > spreading or diffusion > [adjective] > spread or diffused > widely a1540 (c1460) G. Hay tr. 10608 Suppois thow had ane rampen tyme gane by I rede thé nocht pride thé thairin forthy. 1619 Sir R. Naunton in S. R. Gardiner (1871) 95 In whom theyr hope is now growen rampant. 1646 T. Fuller iv. x. sig. Hl It grieved him to see ignorance and impiety so rampant. 1673 N. Grew Acct. Vegetation of Roots in 138 The sulphurious or oily parts which were before concentred, are now more or less rampant. 1703 T. Bennet xv. 88 Yet all that know any thing of those times, do agree, that Vice was then rampant. 1772 (new ed.) 40 An intolerable pride every where grew rampant among the guides of the church. 1856 E. K. Kane I. xvi. 186 The tide was low, the ice rampant. 1877 M. Oliphant (ed. 2) ii. 31 This curious outbreak of rampant democracy. 1921 21 Mar. 17/2 Political agitation is rampant in India. 1988 J. Cartwright xii. 139 The mosquitoes would be rampant after the rain. 2005 24 Oct. 57/2 Tuberculosis, H. I. V., and malaria were rampant. the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective] > rapidly or suddenly > of personal actions or persons the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective] > recklessly or riotously violent ?1609 J. Healey tr. Bp. J. Hall iv. v. 240 The Inkeepers are the knaues Rampant: so faithlesse, that the traueller dares neither trust his purse vnder his pillow. 1628 J. Earle xxii. sig. E4 He is tragicall on the Stage, but rampant in the Tyring-house, and sweares oathes there which he neuer con'd. 1709 in T. Hearne (O.H.S.) II. 324 (note) The Whiggs are rampant, and thinke to carry all before them. 1842 A. Rodger 75 Save us, then, from wheedling Whiggies; Save us, too, from rampant Rads. 1858 N. Hawthorne II. 137 The crowd has not spirit and self-consciousness enough to be rampant. 1932 V. Dabney xv. 279 On international questions he is a rampant isolationist. 2000 J. Brannen et al. ix. 188 If she thinks she is being disempowered, then she is rampant. society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [adjective] society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > [adjective] > having evil habits or vicious 1596 A. Copley 73 Thus began the holie warres of Sion Against the rampant Hagg and whoore of Babylon. c1680 W. Beveridge (1729) I. 36 Lest his body should grow rampant..the church orders him to fast. 1696 G. Powell v. i. 41 The most seeming Coy Lady, privately proves the most rampant Harlot. 1706 C. Cibber Prol. The coy Nympth [sic]..with a generous Jump flies Rampant to his Arms. 1733 H. Fielding (London ed.) iv. xiv. 66 The young Fellows of this Age are so rampant, that even Degrees of Kindred can't restrain them. 1812 H. Smith & J. Smith 91 The rampant lessons of the stews. 1929 10 Dec. 14/4 (advt.) Two of the screen's greatest lovers in a torrid tale of rampant passion! 1999 (U.K. ed.) June 26/1 Within two weeks he sleeps with one rampant Bunny. the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > [adjective] > flourishing or luxuriant in growth 1648 J. Beaumont vi. cxl. 85 No Weed presum'd to show its roytish face In this Inclosure: Nettles, Thistles,..rampant Grasse. 1697 (Royal Soc.) 19 412 Above ground it is so rampant, that it will climb a fathom and half upon measure. 1733 W. Ellis 303 Darnel. This is a rampant Weed that mostly hurts the Wheat. 1764 2 298 Where a fine sheep-walk is wanted, the sweeter and less-rampant grasses will, of course, be chosen. 1856 H. B. Stowe xxxvii. 275 The wild, dreary belt of swamp-land..in its rampant and we might say delirious exuberance of vegetation. 1867 D. G. Mitchell 34 Its rampant growth will cover your trellised porch in a pair of seasons. 1932 ‘J. Hill’ xi. 161 Some of these rampant plants have no defect except their irresistible vigour. 1992 16 Aug. 4/1 The lizard orchid, rampant in the wine-growing regions of France, is one of Britain's rarest plants. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [adjective] > types of arch 1725 W. Halfpenny 5 To draw a Rampant Semicircular Arch. 1793 P. Nicholson 20 (heading) To draw the arches of groins by a new method, whether right or rampant, so that their arches shall intersect..together. 1842 J. Gwilt ii. iii. 524 To draw a rampant pointed arch, whose span,..and the height of the ramp are given. 1887 J. T. Clarke tr. F. Von Reber 714 A support having the form of a rampant arch. 1939 C. Seymour ii. iv. 137 In the tribunes the wall-rib was raised to give a slightly rampant form to the exterior partition of the vault. 1965 4 2/1 A spacious gallery with alternating rampant barrel vaults and wedge-shaped vaults. 1993 (Nexis) 21 Mar. e1 A small and beautiful neoclassical bullring, with Tuscan columns and arcades crowned with rampant arches. †B. n.the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [noun] > impudent person > girl or woman 1641 R. Brathwait Panaretees Triumph in sig. F6v There are some such, whose onely song Is canting fury with a glibbry tongue, Bearding their easie husbands, and appeare Rampants till they the good mans bretches weare. 1671 T. Shadwell sig. bv These Rampants have a hungry Worm indeed. 1678 T. Otway v. 63 Ay and Six, my lovely Rampant. 1898 17 July 11/6 The fact that men may wear their hair short, while women must wear it long, has long rankled in the hearts of the rampants. Compounds 1852 G. C. Mundy II. xiv. 400 The rampant-looking rocks of the ‘Cavallos’. 1999 (Nexis) 9 June 83 Booby-trapping their neighbours' once rampant-looking march to the semi-finals. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  adj.n.c1300 |
