bereavev.

/bɪˈriːv/

Forms: Past tense and past participle bereaved; past participle also bereft. Forms: Old English beréafian, Middle English biræuien, Middle English–1500s bireve, Middle English bireave(n, Middle English birefe(n, Middle English–1500s byreve, bereve, Middle English berefe, bereffe, byreeve, 1500s bereeve, ( berive, byryve), 1500s–1600s berieve, 1600s bereauve, 1500s– bereave. past tense Old English bereafode, Middle English bereafde, beræfde, Middle English biræuede, bireuede, Middle English birefte, Middle English byrafte, Middle English–1500s beraft(e, berefte, Middle English berafft, berefte, Middle English– bereft, 1500s– bereaved. past participle 1500s– bereaved, bereft. Early forms correspond to past tense; also 1500s–1600s bereiven, 1500s–1800s bereaven.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English bi- , beréafian = Old Frisian birâv(i)a , Old Saxon birôƀôn , (Middle Dutch beroven , Dutch berooven ), Old High German biroubôn , (Middle High German berouben , modern German berauben ), Gothic biraubôn < Germanic *birauƀôjan , < bi- , be- prefix + *rauƀôjan , in Old English réafian to plunder, spoil, rob; see reave v.¹

a. transitive. To deprive, rob, strip, dispossess (a person, etc., of a possession; the latter originally expressed by the genitive). Since c1650 mostly of immaterial possessions, life, hope, etc., except in reference to the loss of relatives by death. (In the former case bereft, in the latter bereaved, is more usual in the past tense and past participle.)

ΚΠ

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. §3 Heo hit ne mæg his gewittes bereafian.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1447 Þus wes þas kineriche of heora kinge bi-ræued [c1300 Otho bi-reued].

c1400 Rom. Rose 6671 Lest they berafte..Folk of her catel or of her thing.

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xiiii. sig. H.iiii^v He had..bereued hym of his reste.

1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. ii. xx. 330 Beereving some fruits of their kernels.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 175 Maddam, you haue bereft me of all words.

1616 W. Drummond Poems (rev. ed.) sig. N2^v This Angell Face, which mee bereaues of Rest.

1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie i. sig. M2 They bereaved the women..of the hair of their heads.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 106 It is there bereft of all its volatile parts.

1833 H. Coleridge Poems I. 143 Ere thy birth, of sire bereaven.

1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. I. 355 The accident which had bereaved the father of his child.

†b. with at for of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of)

benimc890

to do of ——eOE

bedealc1000

disturbc1230

bereavec1275

reave?a1300

acquitc1300

benemec1300

deprivec1330

privea1382

subvertc1384

oppressc1395

abridgea1400

to bate of, from1399

lessa1400

nakena1400

dischargea1425

privatec1425

to bring outa1450

abatec1450

sever?1507

spulyie?1507

denude1513

disable1529

distrain1530

destituec1540

destitutec1540

defalk1541

to turn out of ——1545

discomfit1548

wipe1549

nude1551

disannul?a1556

bereft1557

diminish1559

benoom1563

joint1573

uncase1583

rid1585

disarm1590

visitc1592

ease1600

dispatch1604

unfurnisha1616

rig1629

retrench1640

unbecomea1641

disentail1641

cashier1690

twin1722

mulct1748

fordo1764

to do out of ——1796

to cut out1815

bate1823

deprivate1832

devoid1878

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15128 Ic hine biræuien wulle at his baren liue [c1300 Otho bi-reaue..of his bare liue].

c. with double object (to bereave any one a possession), the former probably at first dative. In the passive the impersonal object was originally the subject, but in 17th cent. either object might be so used. archaic.

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2832 Himm wass hiss spæche..all biræfedd.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 33 Hie him bireueden alle hise riche weden.

c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 503 His sleep, his mete, his drynk is him byraft.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xii. sig. Fv Enuy had..bireft hym his lyfe.

1557 Malory's Story Noble & Worthy Kynge Arthur (Copland) i. vii Many landes that were bereued lordes, knyghtes, ladyes and gentylmen.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 85 All your Interest in those Territories, Is utterly bereft you.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 918 Bereave me not..thy gentle looks, thy aid.

1806 W. Scott Wandering Willie All joy was bereft me the day that you left me.

2. To rob, plunder, despoil (a possessor); to deprive of anything valued; to leave destitute, orphaned, or widowed. See also bereaved adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of) > of something highly prized

bereavec1175

widow?1591

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Ho him bireueden and ho him ferwundeden.

c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 124 I was ofte berevyd.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xiv. 612/2 The King bereauving enemies, to enrich his friends.

1867 G. MacDonald Poems 10 I cry to thee with all my might Because I am bereft.

†3.

a. To snatch away (a possession); to remove or take away by violence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > forcibly or suddenly

reaveOE

bereavec1320

atreachc1325

ravisha1398

reach?a1400

to catch awayc1400

rendc1450

ravena1513

pull1530

despoila1533

snatch1597

reap1634

extort1785

to pounce away1821

erept1865

c1320 Cast. Loue 1349 Þe meste strengþe he al bi-reuede.

c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 403 Who so wold us fro the world byreve..He wolde byreve out of this world the sonne.

1571 T. Norton & T. Sackville Gorboduc (1847) iv. i. 132 Whome no mishap..could haue bereued hence.

c1600 Death Jane Seymour in T. Evans Old Ball. (1784) II. viii. 57 He from this joy was soon bereav'n.

a1617 P. Baynes Comm. Ephes. (1658) 13 When the blessings of this life are bereaved.

1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer 170 Have..(Like Iezabell) oppressed and bereav'n The poore mans portion.

1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xx. 549 Thy Life Echeclus! next the Sword bereaves.

†b. Const. from a possessor. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1440 Partonope 3267 This craft Ye haue clene from me beraft.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) x xxv. sig. Gi Fro the thyrde [knight] he berafte his sholder with the arme.

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. G1 From me by strong assault it is bereft .

1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 119 a They wold bereaue kingdomes from these kings in despight of them.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	bereave
释义	bereavev. /bɪˈriːv/ Forms: Past tense and past participle bereaved; past participle also bereft. Forms: Old English beréafian, Middle English biræuien, Middle English–1500s bireve, Middle English bireave(n, Middle English birefe(n, Middle English–1500s byreve, bereve, Middle English berefe, bereffe, byreeve, 1500s bereeve, ( berive, byryve), 1500s–1600s berieve, 1600s bereauve, 1500s– bereave. past tense Old English bereafode, Middle English bereafde, beræfde, Middle English biræuede, bireuede, Middle English birefte, Middle English byrafte, Middle English–1500s beraft(e, berefte, Middle English berafft, berefte, Middle English– bereft, 1500s– bereaved. past participle 1500s– bereaved, bereft. Early forms correspond to past tense; also 1500s–1600s bereiven, 1500s–1800s bereaven. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English bi- , beréafian = Old Frisian birâv(i)a , Old Saxon birôƀôn , (Middle Dutch beroven , Dutch berooven ), Old High German biroubôn , (Middle High German berouben , modern German berauben ), Gothic biraubôn < Germanic birauƀôjan , < bi-* , be- prefix + rauƀôjan , in Old English réafian* to plunder, spoil, rob; see reave v.¹ 1. a. transitive. To deprive, rob, strip, dispossess (a person, etc., of a possession; the latter originally expressed by the genitive). Since c1650 mostly of immaterial possessions, life, hope, etc., except in reference to the loss of relatives by death. (In the former case bereft, in the latter bereaved, is more usual in the past tense and past participle.) ΚΠ c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. §3 Heo hit ne mæg his gewittes bereafian. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1447 Þus wes þas kineriche of heora kinge bi-ræued [c1300 Otho bi-reued]. c1400 Rom. Rose 6671 Lest they berafte..Folk of her catel or of her thing. a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xiiii. sig. H.iiii^v He had..bereued hym of his reste. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. ii. xx. 330 Beereving some fruits of their kernels. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 175 Maddam, you haue bereft me of all words. View more context for this quotation 1616 W. Drummond Poems (rev. ed.) sig. N2^v This Angell Face, which mee bereaues of Rest. 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie i. sig. M2 They bereaved the women..of the hair of their heads. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 106 It is there bereft of all its volatile parts. 1833 H. Coleridge Poems I. 143 Ere thy birth, of sire bereaven. 1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. I. 355 The accident which had bereaved the father of his child. †b. with at for of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of) benimc890 to do of ——eOE bedealc1000 disturbc1230 bereavec1275 reave?a1300 acquitc1300 benemec1300 deprivec1330 privea1382 subvertc1384 oppressc1395 abridgea1400 to bate of, from1399 lessa1400 nakena1400 dischargea1425 privatec1425 to bring outa1450 abatec1450 sever?1507 spulyie?1507 denude1513 disable1529 distrain1530 destituec1540 destitutec1540 defalk1541 to turn out of ——1545 discomfit1548 wipe1549 nude1551 disannul?a1556 bereft1557 diminish1559 benoom1563 joint1573 uncase1583 rid1585 disarm1590 visitc1592 ease1600 dispatch1604 unfurnisha1616 rig1629 retrench1640 unbecomea1641 disentail1641 cashier1690 twin1722 mulct1748 fordo1764 to do out of ——1796 to cut out1815 bate1823 deprivate1832 devoid1878 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15128 Ic hine biræuien wulle at his baren liue [c1300 Otho bi-reaue..of his bare liue]. c. with double object (to bereave any one a possession), the former probably at first dative. In the passive the impersonal object was originally the subject, but in 17th cent. either object might be so used. archaic. ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2832 Himm wass hiss spæche..all biræfedd. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 33 Hie him bireueden alle hise riche weden. c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 503 His sleep, his mete, his drynk is him byraft. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xii. sig. Fv Enuy had..bireft hym his lyfe. 1557 Malory's Story Noble & Worthy Kynge Arthur (Copland) i. vii Many landes that were bereued lordes, knyghtes, ladyes and gentylmen. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 85 All your Interest in those Territories, Is utterly bereft you. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 918 Bereave me not..thy gentle looks, thy aid. View more context for this quotation 1806 W. Scott Wandering Willie All joy was bereft me the day that you left me. 2. To rob, plunder, despoil (a possessor); to deprive of anything valued; to leave destitute, orphaned, or widowed. See also bereaved adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of) > of something highly prized bereavec1175 widow?1591 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Ho him bireueden and ho him ferwundeden. c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 124 I was ofte berevyd. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xiv. 612/2 The King bereauving enemies, to enrich his friends. 1867 G. MacDonald Poems 10 I cry to thee with all my might Because I am bereft. †3. a. To snatch away (a possession); to remove or take away by violence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > forcibly or suddenly reaveOE bereavec1320 atreachc1325 ravisha1398 reach?a1400 to catch awayc1400 rendc1450 ravena1513 pull1530 despoila1533 snatch1597 reap1634 extort1785 to pounce away1821 erept1865 c1320 Cast. Loue 1349 Þe meste strengþe he al bi-reuede. c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 403 Who so wold us fro the world byreve..He wolde byreve out of this world the sonne. 1571 T. Norton & T. Sackville Gorboduc (1847) iv. i. 132 Whome no mishap..could haue bereued hence. c1600 Death Jane Seymour in T. Evans Old Ball. (1784) II. viii. 57 He from this joy was soon bereav'n. a1617 P. Baynes Comm. Ephes. (1658) 13 When the blessings of this life are bereaved. 1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer 170 Have..(Like Iezabell) oppressed and bereav'n The poore mans portion. 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xx. 549 Thy Life Echeclus! next the Sword bereaves. †b. Const. from a possessor. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1440 Partonope 3267 This craft Ye haue clene from me beraft. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) x xxv. sig. Gi Fro the thyrde [knight] he berafte his sholder with the arme. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. G1 From me by strong assault it is bereft . View more context for this quotation 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 119 a They wold bereaue kingdomes from these kings in despight of them. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < v.c888
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