rapinen.

Brit.

/ˈrapʌɪn/,

/ˈrapɪn/, U.S.

/ˈræpən/,

/ˈræˌpaɪn/,

/ˈreɪˌpaɪn/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s rapyn, late Middle English–1600s rapyne, late Middle English– rapine, 1500s repyne, 1500s–1600s rapin.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French rapine; Latin rapīna.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French rapine theft, abduction, prey, plunder (2nd half of the 13th cent. in Old French; c1175 as rabine , rapinne ), rapaciousness (1270), an act of violent theft (a1412 in plural rapines ; French rapine ) and its etymon classical Latin rapīna forcible carrying off of property, plunder, carrying off of a person, especially a woman, booty, plunder, in post-classical Latin also prey (Vulgate), action or practice of seizing and devouring prey or food (from 12th cent. in British sources) < rapere to seize (see rape v.²) + -īna -ine suffix⁴. Compare earlier ravin n.¹The regular reflex of classical Latin rapīna in French is ravine ravin n.¹

Now chiefly archaic or historical.

1. The act or practice of seizing and taking away by force the property of others; plunder, pillage, robbery. Occasionally figurative.In later use perhaps influenced by rape n.³ 3 or 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > [noun]

purchasec1325

ridding1347

riflinga1350

despoilingc1374

preya1375

spoilingc1380

pillagea1393

shavaldrya1400

destrition14..

pillingc1400

pillery1433

spulyieingc1440

rapinea1450

spoliationc1460

depopulation1462

spulyie1464

depredation1483

despoil1483

predationa1500

pilferya1513

pollinga1513

spoil1532

pilling and pollinga1535

pilfering1548

expilation1563

rapt1584

escheat1587

fleecing1593

spoilage1597

depilation1611

manubiary1616

pillaging1629

plundering1632

exspoliation1634

peeling1641

despoliation1658

plunder1661

plunderage1700

spoliage1806

despoilment1822

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 2833 (MED) He þat noble is of blode..and naght hath, sterid is..Vnto rapyne.

c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 167 (MED) It is no werre that is kept in this land; it is a pryue robberye..force publique vnder shadowe of armes and violent rapine.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xi. 44 For these thre vyces abhomynable..For his pryde, auaryce, and also rapyne.

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. F2 What rapine, what thefte,..was in him thorowly planted?

1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 sig. D3 For beeing many, and many of them needy, what Rapine would haue satisfied them?

1637 R. Humfrey tr. St. Ambrose Christian Offices Pref. Countries layed open to their furious rapin.

1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. 39 Articles (1700) xxxvii. 390 All the Rapine and Bloodshed that is occasioned by their Pride and Injustice.

1737 R. Glover Leonidas i. 11 Haste, my friends, To guard the gates of Greece, which open stand To Tyranny and Rapine.

1769 W. Robertson View State of Europe i, in Hist. Charles V I. 77 The lawless rapine of banditti..rendered a journey of any length a perilous enterprize.

1821 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 6 Oct. 1/3 Wealth, procured by rapine or injustice; fame purchased by cruelty; dignity bought by dishonorable practices.

1852 T. J. Vaiden Rational Relig. & Morals 295 Incidental to the war of conquests, rapine and pillage, comes the deepest corruption of the people by sale of indulgences to maintain those bloody love-feasts.

1879 H. Phillips Addit. Notes upon Coins 9 The robber city, founded by outlaws and living by rapine.

1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such xi. 202 Angry at his conversational rapine.

1927 E. F. Buckley tr. Fr. Funck-Brentano Earliest Times iv. 266 The Frankish warriors, who were masters of the country, knew no form of labour except that of rapine and pillage.

1960 J. W. Bellah Sergeant Rutledge iii. 10 The iron discipline that keeps a man from complete loose rein on his natural proclivity for loot and rapine.

1991 D. P. Kirby Earliest Eng. Kings vi. 135 He performed good works, gave very many alms, prohibited theft, perjury and rapine, defended the widows and the poor and maintained a firm peace in his kingdom.

2. As a count noun, usually in plural: an act of violent robbery or pillage. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > [noun] > instance(s) of

skeck1297

rapinea1513

skeg1542

spoil1543

ravishment1570

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xlv^v The good Cristen people, whiche they had harmed by meanes of their Rapynes & extorcions.

c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Niij ^v Nought is in warrefare, saue..Murder and myschefe, rapyns & cowardyse.

1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Huntington Libr. copy) sig. H3 The second kind of Deuils..incense men to rapines.

1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Shortnes of Life xxii, in tr. Seneca Wks. 693 What cruelty was this to breake in amidst brothers, and by so bloudy a rapine to lesson such a company as liued in the greatest peace of the world?

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 363 Such were the Popes rapines and enormous proceedings in those dayes.

1658 T. Bancroft Heroical Lover iii. 24 Can you..that profess Nothing but riots, rapines, cruel acts, Have ought in minde save Gallowses and Racks?

a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo i, in Wks. (1721) III. 31 A lawless Band, Infesting with their Rapines all the Land.

1743 W. Guthrie tr. Cicero Orations III. 389 I am not yet come to the Mention of his Rapines.

1793 Times 28 June 2/3 The inhabitants of Arlon have fallen in great numbers victims to the rapines of the French.

1826 R. Southey Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ 348 The Judges complained to the king of the frequent thefts, rapines, and homicides.

1852 B. R. Hall Frank Freeman's Barber Shop xii. 216 It is not quite a clear case that the freedom of one man outweighs all other considerations; nor even that the nominal freedom of many men must always outweigh all its murders, rapines, rapes, fires, overthrow of Unions, destruction of States.

1866 C. Gayarré Philip II of Spain 312 The fruits of such rapines were exposed for sale without concealment.

1913 S. Phillips Adversary i, in Lyrics & Dramas 120 Dark tales and legends grim are told of thee, thy rapes, thy rapines, and thy blasphemies.

1929 O. Jászi Dissolution Habsburg Monarchy vi. iv. 415 And in these statistics the rapines, ravishments, and arsons were not included.

1969 J. R. Brackett Negro in Maryland ii. 12 The commission issued by the Governor, in 1640, to the commander of an expedition planned against a certain tribe, which had refused to make satisfaction for sundry insolences and rapines, authorized him to attack these Indians, with any company of Englishmen that would be willing to go.

1999 E. Peel & N. Sweet in K. Szmurlo Novel's Seductions ii. 209 The poem's epigraph..depicts a rapine in which Italy is woman, her artwork her charms, her charms her dowry: a rapine in which dowry is plundered and woman abandoned.

3. of rapine (as postmodifier): (of an animal) that preys on other animals; predatory. Cf. prey n. 4a, ravin n.¹ 2c, and also rapacious adj. 2. Now poetic and rare.

ΚΠ

1599 R. Roche Eustathia sig. E5^v Secure what birdes of rapine, roosted there, That ment her wretch, in their sharpe claws to bruse.

1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion iv. Illustr. 69 To haue terrible crests or ingrauen beasts of rapine..hath been from inmost antiquity continued.

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. (1655) xii. 44 For hawking fowles, and fowles of rapine.

1719 ‘T. Betterton’ Bond-man v. i. 60 Men pity Beasts of Rapine if o'er-match'd, Tho' baited for their Pleasure.

1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. i. 192 Every beast of rapine, had retired From man's asserted empire.

1855 Harper's Mag. May 759/1 Birds of rapine and beasts of prey had left little more than the skeleton.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 578 in Idylls of King That foul bird of rapine whose whole prey Is man's good name.

1946 J. Masefield Poems 443 The Khalif's self went by, A grand young bird of rapine with a hawk-look in his eye.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rapinev.

Brit.

/ˈrapʌɪn/,

/ˈrapɪn/, U.S.

/ˈræpən/,

/ˈræˌpaɪn/,

/ˈreɪˌpaɪn/

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably formed within English, by conversion. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: rapine n.; French rapiner.

Etymology: Probably partly < rapine n., and partly < Middle French, French rapiner (13th cent. in Old French) to rob, to abduct < rapine rapine n. Compare earlier rape v.², rap v.³

transitive. To plunder or carry away by rapine; to deprive of property. Also occasionally intransitive. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (intransitive)]

harryc893

skeckc1330

skicka1400

cry havoc1419

foray1487

raven1570

booty1580

rapine1580

pillage1593

boot-hale1598

to make boota1599

ravage1604

scummer1633

maraud1684

loot1842

raid1848

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (transitive)] > carry off as loot or plunder

skeckc1325

ravisha1382

ransackc1460

ravena1513

distruss1548

harry1579

rapine1580

sack1590

harrage1655

to walk off with1727

loot1847

jay-hawk1866

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Rapiner, to rapine, to robbe, and spoile.

?1591 T. Coningsby Jrnl. Siege Rouen (Bodl.) in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1902) 17 536 They had rapined the contrey for horses.

1646 G. Buck Hist. Life Richard III v. 134 A Tyrant doth not onely rapine his Subjects, but Spoils and robs Churches and Church-men.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 323 In their dealings these people are lawlesse, trading in slaves..which they rapine from all parts.

1868 All Year Round 25 Jan. 158 ‘How would you support us?’ The pirate-colonel replied in a courageous voice, ‘By rapine!’ But his bride retorted, ‘Suppose the grown-up people wouldn't be rapined?’

1893 M. Holley Samantha at Centennial. 130 The man he rapined came out boldly and said he ort to be masicreed right there in the streets.

1901 J. M. Bell Poet. Wks. 81 Thank God! from our old ensign Is erased one mark of shame, Which leaves one less to rapine, One less to blight our fame.

2003 Sacramento (Calif.) Bee (Nexis) 6 Oct. b6 Ukraine was gifted by the Soviet Union (Russia) with huge territories rapined from Romania.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rapine
释义	rapinen. Brit. /ˈrapʌɪn/, /ˈrapɪn/, U.S. /ˈræpən/, /ˈræˌpaɪn/, /ˈreɪˌpaɪn/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s rapyn, late Middle English–1600s rapyne, late Middle English– rapine, 1500s repyne, 1500s–1600s rapin. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French rapine; Latin rapīna. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French rapine theft, abduction, prey, plunder (2nd half of the 13th cent. in Old French; c1175 as rabine , rapinne ), rapaciousness (1270), an act of violent theft (a1412 in plural rapines ; French rapine ) and its etymon classical Latin rapīna forcible carrying off of property, plunder, carrying off of a person, especially a woman, booty, plunder, in post-classical Latin also prey (Vulgate), action or practice of seizing and devouring prey or food (from 12th cent. in British sources) < rapere to seize (see rape v.²) + -īna -ine suffix⁴. Compare earlier ravin n.¹The regular reflex of classical Latin rapīna in French is ravine ravin n.¹ Now chiefly archaic or historical. 1. The act or practice of seizing and taking away by force the property of others; plunder, pillage, robbery. Occasionally figurative.In later use perhaps influenced by rape n.³ 3 or 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > [noun] purchasec1325 ridding1347 riflinga1350 despoilingc1374 preya1375 spoilingc1380 pillagea1393 shavaldrya1400 destrition14.. pillingc1400 pillery1433 spulyieingc1440 rapinea1450 spoliationc1460 depopulation1462 spulyie1464 depredation1483 despoil1483 predationa1500 pilferya1513 pollinga1513 spoil1532 pilling and pollinga1535 pilfering1548 expilation1563 rapt1584 escheat1587 fleecing1593 spoilage1597 depilation1611 manubiary1616 pillaging1629 plundering1632 exspoliation1634 peeling1641 despoliation1658 plunder1661 plunderage1700 spoliage1806 despoilment1822 a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 2833 (MED) He þat noble is of blode..and naght hath, sterid is..Vnto rapyne. c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 167 (MED) It is no werre that is kept in this land; it is a pryue robberye..force publique vnder shadowe of armes and violent rapine. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xi. 44 For these thre vyces abhomynable..For his pryde, auaryce, and also rapyne. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. F2 What rapine, what thefte,..was in him thorowly planted? 1601 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse Martij 1600 sig. D3 For beeing many, and many of them needy, what Rapine would haue satisfied them? 1637 R. Humfrey tr. St. Ambrose Christian Offices Pref. Countries layed open to their furious rapin. 1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. 39 Articles (1700) xxxvii. 390 All the Rapine and Bloodshed that is occasioned by their Pride and Injustice. 1737 R. Glover Leonidas i. 11 Haste, my friends, To guard the gates of Greece, which open stand To Tyranny and Rapine. 1769 W. Robertson View State of Europe i, in Hist. Charles V I. 77 The lawless rapine of banditti..rendered a journey of any length a perilous enterprize. 1821 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 6 Oct. 1/3 Wealth, procured by rapine or injustice; fame purchased by cruelty; dignity bought by dishonorable practices. 1852 T. J. Vaiden Rational Relig. & Morals 295 Incidental to the war of conquests, rapine and pillage, comes the deepest corruption of the people by sale of indulgences to maintain those bloody love-feasts. 1879 H. Phillips Addit. Notes upon Coins 9 The robber city, founded by outlaws and living by rapine. 1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such xi. 202 Angry at his conversational rapine. 1927 E. F. Buckley tr. Fr. Funck-Brentano Earliest Times iv. 266 The Frankish warriors, who were masters of the country, knew no form of labour except that of rapine and pillage. 1960 J. W. Bellah Sergeant Rutledge iii. 10 The iron discipline that keeps a man from complete loose rein on his natural proclivity for loot and rapine. 1991 D. P. Kirby Earliest Eng. Kings vi. 135 He performed good works, gave very many alms, prohibited theft, perjury and rapine, defended the widows and the poor and maintained a firm peace in his kingdom. 2. As a count noun, usually in plural: an act of violent robbery or pillage. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > [noun] > instance(s) of skeck1297 rapinea1513 skeg1542 spoil1543 ravishment1570 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xlv^v The good Cristen people, whiche they had harmed by meanes of their Rapynes & extorcions. c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Niij ^v Nought is in warrefare, saue..Murder and myschefe, rapyns & cowardyse. 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Huntington Libr. copy) sig. H3 The second kind of Deuils..incense men to rapines. 1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Shortnes of Life xxii, in tr. Seneca Wks. 693 What cruelty was this to breake in amidst brothers, and by so bloudy a rapine to lesson such a company as liued in the greatest peace of the world? 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 363 Such were the Popes rapines and enormous proceedings in those dayes. 1658 T. Bancroft Heroical Lover iii. 24 Can you..that profess Nothing but riots, rapines, cruel acts, Have ought in minde save Gallowses and Racks? a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo i, in Wks. (1721) III. 31 A lawless Band, Infesting with their Rapines all the Land. 1743 W. Guthrie tr. Cicero Orations III. 389 I am not yet come to the Mention of his Rapines. 1793 Times 28 June 2/3 The inhabitants of Arlon have fallen in great numbers victims to the rapines of the French. 1826 R. Southey Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ 348 The Judges complained to the king of the frequent thefts, rapines, and homicides. 1852 B. R. Hall Frank Freeman's Barber Shop xii. 216 It is not quite a clear case that the freedom of one man outweighs all other considerations; nor even that the nominal freedom of many men must always outweigh all its murders, rapines, rapes, fires, overthrow of Unions, destruction of States. 1866 C. Gayarré Philip II of Spain 312 The fruits of such rapines were exposed for sale without concealment. 1913 S. Phillips Adversary i, in Lyrics & Dramas 120 Dark tales and legends grim are told of thee, thy rapes, thy rapines, and thy blasphemies. 1929 O. Jászi Dissolution Habsburg Monarchy vi. iv. 415 And in these statistics the rapines, ravishments, and arsons were not included. 1969 J. R. Brackett Negro in Maryland ii. 12 The commission issued by the Governor, in 1640, to the commander of an expedition planned against a certain tribe, which had refused to make satisfaction for sundry insolences and rapines, authorized him to attack these Indians, with any company of Englishmen that would be willing to go. 1999 E. Peel & N. Sweet in K. Szmurlo Novel's Seductions ii. 209 The poem's epigraph..depicts a rapine in which Italy is woman, her artwork her charms, her charms her dowry: a rapine in which dowry is plundered and woman abandoned. 3. of rapine (as postmodifier): (of an animal) that preys on other animals; predatory. Cf. prey n. 4a, ravin n.¹ 2c, and also rapacious adj. 2. Now poetic and rare. ΚΠ 1599 R. Roche Eustathia sig. E5^v Secure what birdes of rapine, roosted there, That ment her wretch, in their sharpe claws to bruse. 1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion iv. Illustr. 69 To haue terrible crests or ingrauen beasts of rapine..hath been from inmost antiquity continued. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. (1655) xii. 44 For hawking fowles, and fowles of rapine. 1719 ‘T. Betterton’ Bond-man v. i. 60 Men pity Beasts of Rapine if o'er-match'd, Tho' baited for their Pleasure. 1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. i. 192 Every beast of rapine, had retired From man's asserted empire. 1855 Harper's Mag. May 759/1 Birds of rapine and beasts of prey had left little more than the skeleton. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 578 in Idylls of King That foul bird of rapine whose whole prey Is man's good name. 1946 J. Masefield Poems 443 The Khalif's self went by, A grand young bird of rapine with a hawk-look in his eye. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rapinev. Brit. /ˈrapʌɪn/, /ˈrapɪn/, U.S. /ˈræpən/, /ˈræˌpaɪn/, /ˈreɪˌpaɪn/ Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably formed within English, by conversion. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: rapine n.; French rapiner. Etymology: Probably partly < rapine n., and partly < Middle French, French rapiner (13th cent. in Old French) to rob, to abduct < rapine rapine n. Compare earlier rape v.², rap v.³ transitive. To plunder or carry away by rapine; to deprive of property. Also occasionally intransitive. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (intransitive)] harryc893 skeckc1330 skicka1400 cry havoc1419 foray1487 raven1570 booty1580 rapine1580 pillage1593 boot-hale1598 to make boota1599 ravage1604 scummer1633 maraud1684 loot1842 raid1848 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (transitive)] > carry off as loot or plunder skeckc1325 ravisha1382 ransackc1460 ravena1513 distruss1548 harry1579 rapine1580 sack1590 harrage1655 to walk off with1727 loot1847 jay-hawk1866 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Rapiner, to rapine, to robbe, and spoile. ?1591 T. Coningsby Jrnl. Siege Rouen (Bodl.) in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1902) 17 536 They had rapined the contrey for horses. 1646 G. Buck Hist. Life Richard III v. 134 A Tyrant doth not onely rapine his Subjects, but Spoils and robs Churches and Church-men. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 323 In their dealings these people are lawlesse, trading in slaves..which they rapine from all parts. 1868 All Year Round 25 Jan. 158 ‘How would you support us?’ The pirate-colonel replied in a courageous voice, ‘By rapine!’ But his bride retorted, ‘Suppose the grown-up people wouldn't be rapined?’ 1893 M. Holley Samantha at Centennial. 130 The man he rapined came out boldly and said he ort to be masicreed right there in the streets. 1901 J. M. Bell Poet. Wks. 81 Thank God! from our old ensign Is erased one mark of shame, Which leaves one less to rapine, One less to blight our fame. 2003 Sacramento (Calif.) Bee (Nexis) 6 Oct. b6 Ukraine was gifted by the Soviet Union (Russia) with huge territories rapined from Romania. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1450v.1580
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