rakern.¹

Brit.

/ˈreɪkə/, U.S.

/ˈreɪkər/

Forms: Middle English racare, Middle English rakar, Middle English rakare, Middle English rakere, Middle English rakiere, Middle English rakyer, Middle English rakyere, Middle English– raker, 1800s– raaker (English regional (midlands)), 1800s– reeaker (English regional (Yorkshire)); Scottish pre-1700 1700s 1900s– raiker, 1700s– raker.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rake v.², -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < rake v.² + -er suffix¹.Earliest attested as a surname probably denoting a refuse collector (sense 1), although the possibility that it denotes a raker in a different sense cannot be excluded. With sense 5 compare earlier raking-coal n. at raking n.² Compounds 2.

†1. A street cleaner, a refuse collector; (also) a scavenger. Cf. channel raker n. at channel n.¹ Compounds 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning streets > [noun] > one who

mucker1229

raker1327

canel raker?1518

masser-scourer?1518

scavenger1530

sweep-street1553

channel raker1575

broom-man1592

broom-boy1593

gutter-master1607

rake-kennel1707

fulyie man1826

road sweeper1832

crossing-sweeper1841

street orderly1848

orderly1851

scavager1851

scaffy1853

broomer1857

sweep1858

roader1883

1327 in B. Thuresson Middle Eng. Occup. Terms (1950) 157 (MED) Joh. le Rakyere.

1357 in H. T. Riley Memorials London (1868) 299 (MED) [The dung that is found in the streets..shall be carried..out of the City..by the] rakyers.

c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. v. 164 (MED) Cisse þe soutere sat on þe bench..& a duszeyn oþere, A ribibour, a ratoner, & a rakiere [v.rr. rakere, rakar] of chepe.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 421 Racare of a pytte [?a1475 Winch. rakare of a cyte], merdifer, fumarius [?a1475 Winch. ffirmarius; read fimarius], olitor.

1469 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. St. Michael, Cornhill (1869) 175 (MED) Paid to the raker for caryng awey of the chirche dust.

1535 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 170 The Raker..shall have a horne, & blowe at euery mannes doore..to lay owt theyre offall.

1665 Orders Ld. Mayor & Aldermen to be observed during Plague 3 That the sweeping..of houses be..carryed away by the Rakers.

1728 in G. Lamoine Charges to Grand Jury (1992) 219 The very bad Condition of the Streets..is occasion'd chiefly through the Neglects of the Scavengers and Rakers.

1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 17 A wharf used for a laystall, to which the rakers carry street-soil.

1817 Act 57 Geo. III c. 29 §59 The scavengers, rakers, or cleansers of the streets and public places.

1851 in Mayhew London Labour II. 210 Sewers' Office, Guildhall, London, Rakers' Duties, Midsummer, 1851, to Midsummer, 1852.

2. gen. A person who rakes (in various senses). Also in raker-after, raker-up.hay-, moon-, muckraker, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > [noun] > types of search or searching > rummaging or thorough searching > one who

raker1342

ferreter1611

rummager1723

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [noun] > gathering together > by scraping or raking > one who

raker1614

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > [noun] > raking > one who

rakera1642

1342 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 170 [10 carters 2 stackers] i Rakere.

1561 in R. H. Tawney & E. Power Tudor Econ. Documents (1924) I. 335 Rates for dayes wages... Women Rakers..ijd.

1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 37/1 Not repairers of peace, but rakers for money.

1614 S. Hieron All the Serm. 35 This crieth shame vpon the rakers and scrapers of this world.

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 38 Rakers-after shoulde have charge given to rake cleane.

1703 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 329 To the ruckers of the hay and raikers thairof.

1750 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman V. Aug. vii. 61 [He may] lay it in true regular Rows, as he mows it, ready for the Raker.

1823 J. Wilson Trials Margaret Lyndsay xxix. 238 She used, half in work, half in pastime, to join the merry band of rakers.

1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. viii. vii. 422 Greedy rakers up of gold.

1864 E. Edwards Libraries xii. 425 To rake from a dead man's private diaries and memoranda passages which, it is hoped by the raker, will cause pain.

1921 P. Gibbs More that must be Told i. 36 He stands pilloried for all time as a raker-up of old hatreds.

1944 Living off Land: Man. Bushcraft vii. 153 Cooling down the fireline ahead of the rakers.

2005 Press & Sun-Bull. (Binghamton, N.Y.) (Nexis) 4 Oct. 1 c Whether you are a raker of leaves in suburbia, a tender of terrace gardens in the city, or the harvester of produce in the country.

†3.

a. A gun positioned so as to be is able to rake an enemy's vessel. Also in figurative context. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval weapons and equipment > [noun] > ship's guns collectively > gun in specific position

nosepiecea1614

stern-piece1622

chase-piece1626

rakera1640

chase-gun1667

bow-chase1769

chaser1804

stern-chaser1815

top gun1816

bow-chaser1836

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Double Marriage ii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddd2/1 Every man to his charge, man her..wel. And place your rakers right.

1834 W. N. Glascock Naval Sketch-bk. I. 284 ‘I never,’ says I, hullin' the pratin' pothecary with a reg'lar raker 'twixt wind and water, ‘I never sot up a Member for Mischeef.’

b. Mining. Each of a number of shots (blasting charges) positioned next to a sumper. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > explosive material > [noun] > quantity used in blasting operation > charge

shot1849

sumper1881

raker1883

shaped charge1948

1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Rakers, shots placed round sumpers.

a. An implement for raking; spec. †(a) = cole-rake n. 1 (obsolete); †(b) a tool used in the burning of charcoal (obsolete); (c) a tool with pointed steel ends bent at a right angle in opposite directions, used in removing old mortar from the joints of walls; (d) a tool used in salt-making; (e) a tool used for mixing plaster.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > [noun] > charcoal furnace or kiln > rake for

raker1730

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > masons' and bricklayers' tools > for raking out joints

raker1815

pointer1875

1670 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) xxxi. 193 With the handles of your Rakers, or the like, you must make Vent-holes..through the stuff which covers your Heap to the very Wood.

1702 A. Boyer Dict. Royal II. Coal raker, fourgon, perche à four.

1730 Venture 31 Ceres us'd to heat the Oven, and stir the Cinders with his Raker.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 194 The raker..is employed to rake or scrape loose and decayed mortar out of the joints of walls.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 514 The tools used by the bricklayer..are..10. The raker.

1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester Raker,..a piece of flat iron at the end of a long handle, used for raking the salt off the fires and to the sides of the pan.

1887 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Raker, an implement used in mixing lime and hair for plaster, or in making parget.

1995 Amateur Gardening 25 Nov. 33/3 Scarify compacted turf with a flexible wire rake or powered raker to remove clogging thatch.

b. Zoology. Any of the projections on the inner side of a fish's gill arch which prevent solid matter from entering the gill; = gill raker n. at gill n.¹ Compounds 3. Also: a structure of similar function in some aquatic invertebrates.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > gill(s) or parts of

ginnle?c1475

gill vein1683

arista1691

radius1691

fish-ear1748

operculum1752

flap1803

opercle1808

subopercle1822

preoperculum1828

preopercule1842

preopercular1851

interoperculum1855

preoperclec1857

raker1903

1876 D. S. Jordan Man. Vertebr. Northern U.S. 264 Family CVII.—Clupeidæ... Posterior part of tongue usually provided on each side with a row of conspicuous ‘gill rakers’.]

1903 Amer. Naturalist 37 110 Their posterior mantle openings..are much less fringed,..the fringes having the function of rakers, preventing the entrance of coarse materials with the inwards current of water.

1950 Amer. Midland Naturalist 43 149 The uppermost raker on first arch bifid in holotype, otherwise all rakers simple.

1991 Salt Water Sportsman Feb. 144/1 Stick the middle finger under the gill cover forward of the red rakers on smaller fish.

5. English regional (midlands and northern) and Scottish. A lump of coal placed on a fire to keep it smouldering; (more generally) any lump of coal. Cf. raking-coal n. at raking n.² Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun]

coal1253

sea-coal1253

pit-coal1483

cannel1541

earth coala1552

horse coal1552

Newcastle coal1552

stone-coal1585

cannel coal1587

parrot1594

burn-coal1597

lithanthrax1612

stony coal1617

Welsh coala1618

land-coala1661

foot coal1665

peacock coal1686

rough coal1686

white coal1686

heathen-coalc1697

coal-stone1708

round1708

stone-coal1708

bench-coal1712

slipper coal1712

black coal1713

culm1742

rock coal1750

board coal1761

Bovey coal1761

house coal1784

mineral coal1785

splint1789

splint coal1789

jet coal1794

anthracite1797

wood-coal1799

blind-coal1802

black diamond1803

silk-coal1803

glance-coal1805

lignite1808

Welsh stone-coal1808

soft1811

spout coals1821

spouter1821

Wallsend1821

brown coal1833

paper coal1833

steam-coal1850

peat-coal1851

cherry-coal1853

household1854

sinter coal1854

oil coal1856

raker1857

Kilkenny coal1861

Pottery coal1867

silkstone1867

block coal1871

admiralty1877

rattlejack1877

bunker1883

fusain1883

smitham1883

bunker coal1885

triping1886

trolley coal1890

kibble1891

sea-borne1892

jet1893

steam1897

sack coal1898

Welsh1898

navigation coal1900

Coalite1906

clarain1919

durain1919

vitrain1919

single1921

kolm1930

hards1956

1857 ‘G. Eliot’ Janet's Repentance xv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 459/1 The kitchen fire..was kept in under a huge ‘raker’—a possibility by which the coal of the midland counties atones for all its slowness and white ashes.

1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) 222 Raker, a large lump of coal left on the fire at night to be broken up in the morning, so as to save the trouble of lighting the fire.

1902 A. Wardrop Robin Tamson's Hamely Sketches 84 I pokered up the ‘raker’ an' slippit back aside wee Patie in the closet bed.

c1909 D. H. Lawrence Collier's Friday Night (1934) iii. 87 Ernest has come from the cellar with a large lump of coal, which he pushes down in the fireplace so that it shall not lodge and go out... He puts the candle on the table, and puts some coal on the fire, round the ‘raker’.

1975 W. McIlvanney Docherty ii. xix. 229 Only Tadger stood there, a bottle bulging in his pocket, a wee raker of coal in his hand.

1989 Scots Mag. Apr. 47 Once the biggest rakers had been carried through, the cairter began to make tracks for the road back to the colliery.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rakern.²

Brit.

/ˈreɪkə/, U.S.

/ˈreɪkər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rake v.¹, -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < rake v.¹ + -er suffix¹. Compare earlier raking adj.¹In sense 1 perhaps sometimes associated with rake v.² 4b.

1. Horse Racing slang. to go a raker: to make a large, usually reckless bet on a horse. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > type of bet

swoopstake1599

by-beta1627

levant1714

even money1732

play or pay bet1738

side bet1769

long shot1796

sweep1849

pay-or-play1853

sweepstake1861

pari-mutuel1868

to go a raker1869

flutter1874

skinner1874

by-wager1886

plunge1888

accumulator1889

saver1891

mutuel1893

quinella1902

parlay1904

Sydney or the bush1924

treble1924

daily double1930

all-up1933

round robin1944

double1951

twin double1960

perfecta1961

pool1963

lose bet1964

tiercé1964

Yankee bet1964

Yankee1967

nap1971

superfecta1971

tricast1972

triple1972

trixie1973

telebetting1974

trifecta1974

over-and-under1975

over-under1981

spread bet1981

1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ O.V.H. III. v. 124 His Lordship has gone a ‘raker’ for Lord of the Valley.

1902 F. Mason Ann. Horse-shoe Club 195 Finally, rendered desperate by failure after failure, I went a raker for a horse that I had heard on unquestionable authority was a real ‘good thing’ for the Cambridgeshire.

2. colloquial.

†a. An extremely fast pace. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [noun] > a rapid rate > a very rapid rate

raker1876

1876 Coursing Cal. 38 Poacher, going a raker from Cannobie lea, never let the latter next the hare in a well-run course of good length.

1895 Daily News 8 July 8/6 The pace home was a raker, the three boats throwing up great sheets of white water.

b. Sport (originally and chiefly Golf). A long, accurate, and usually powerful shot or ball. Cf. raking adj.¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > [noun] > types of shot or stroke

putta1754

like1790

drive1829

tee-shot1850

gobble1857

push shot1865

iron shot1870

push stroke1873

drive-off1884

slice1886

raker1888

foozle1890

hook1890

iron1890

top1890

sclaff1893

brassy shot1894

run1894

chip shot1899

chip1903

pull1903

skimmer1903

draw shot1904

brassy1906

pitch-and-run1908

windcheater1909

air shot1920

chip-in1921

explosion1924

downhiller1925

blast1927

driver1927

shank1927

socket1927

recovery1937

whiff1952

pinsplitter1961

comebacker1965

bump-and-run1981

1888 Golfing Ann. 1887–8 1 118 A ‘raker’ straight on the line of the hole.

1899 Golf Illustr. 15 Sept. 393/2 Vardon drove a ‘raker’ from the first tee, nearly hole high.

1986 Times (Nexis) 21 Dec. He is dazzling running in attack, and has all the kicks, from the rakers to the chips.

2006 Irish Times (Nexis) 26 Sept. 27 It [sc. the best putt] has to be Darren Clarke's ‘raker’ on the par-three 12th... He..managed to hole a putt that was close to 120 feet in length.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	raker
释义	rakern.¹ Brit. /ˈreɪkə/, U.S. /ˈreɪkər/ Forms: Middle English racare, Middle English rakar, Middle English rakare, Middle English rakere, Middle English rakiere, Middle English rakyer, Middle English rakyere, Middle English– raker, 1800s– raaker (English regional (midlands)), 1800s– reeaker (English regional (Yorkshire)); Scottish pre-1700 1700s 1900s– raiker, 1700s– raker. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rake v.², -er suffix¹. Etymology: < rake v.² + -er suffix¹.Earliest attested as a surname probably denoting a refuse collector (sense 1), although the possibility that it denotes a raker in a different sense cannot be excluded. With sense 5 compare earlier raking-coal n. at raking n.² Compounds 2. †1. A street cleaner, a refuse collector; (also) a scavenger. Cf. channel raker n. at channel n.¹ Compounds 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning streets > [noun] > one who mucker1229 raker1327 canel raker?1518 masser-scourer?1518 scavenger1530 sweep-street1553 channel raker1575 broom-man1592 broom-boy1593 gutter-master1607 rake-kennel1707 fulyie man1826 road sweeper1832 crossing-sweeper1841 street orderly1848 orderly1851 scavager1851 scaffy1853 broomer1857 sweep1858 roader1883 1327 in B. Thuresson Middle Eng. Occup. Terms (1950) 157 (MED) Joh. le Rakyere. 1357 in H. T. Riley Memorials London (1868) 299 (MED) [The dung that is found in the streets..shall be carried..out of the City..by the] rakyers. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. v. 164 (MED) Cisse þe soutere sat on þe bench..& a duszeyn oþere, A ribibour, a ratoner, & a rakiere [v.rr. rakere, rakar] of chepe. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 421 Racare of a pytte [?a1475 Winch. rakare of a cyte], merdifer, fumarius [?a1475 Winch. ffirmarius; read fimarius], olitor. 1469 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. St. Michael, Cornhill (1869) 175 (MED) Paid to the raker for caryng awey of the chirche dust. 1535 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 170 The Raker..shall have a horne, & blowe at euery mannes doore..to lay owt theyre offall. 1665 Orders Ld. Mayor & Aldermen to be observed during Plague 3 That the sweeping..of houses be..carryed away by the Rakers. 1728 in G. Lamoine Charges to Grand Jury (1992) 219 The very bad Condition of the Streets..is occasion'd chiefly through the Neglects of the Scavengers and Rakers. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 17 A wharf used for a laystall, to which the rakers carry street-soil. 1817 Act 57 Geo. III c. 29 §59 The scavengers, rakers, or cleansers of the streets and public places. 1851 in Mayhew London Labour II. 210 Sewers' Office, Guildhall, London, Rakers' Duties, Midsummer, 1851, to Midsummer, 1852. 2. gen. A person who rakes (in various senses). Also in raker-after, raker-up.hay-, moon-, muckraker, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > [noun] > types of search or searching > rummaging or thorough searching > one who raker1342 ferreter1611 rummager1723 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [noun] > gathering together > by scraping or raking > one who raker1614 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > [noun] > raking > one who rakera1642 1342 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 170 [10 carters 2 stackers] i Rakere. 1561 in R. H. Tawney & E. Power Tudor Econ. Documents (1924) I. 335 Rates for dayes wages... Women Rakers..ijd. 1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 37/1 Not repairers of peace, but rakers for money. 1614 S. Hieron All the Serm. 35 This crieth shame vpon the rakers and scrapers of this world. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 38 Rakers-after shoulde have charge given to rake cleane. 1703 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 329 To the ruckers of the hay and raikers thairof. 1750 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman V. Aug. vii. 61 [He may] lay it in true regular Rows, as he mows it, ready for the Raker. 1823 J. Wilson Trials Margaret Lyndsay xxix. 238 She used, half in work, half in pastime, to join the merry band of rakers. 1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. viii. vii. 422 Greedy rakers up of gold. 1864 E. Edwards Libraries xii. 425 To rake from a dead man's private diaries and memoranda passages which, it is hoped by the raker, will cause pain. 1921 P. Gibbs More that must be Told i. 36 He stands pilloried for all time as a raker-up of old hatreds. 1944 Living off Land: Man. Bushcraft vii. 153 Cooling down the fireline ahead of the rakers. 2005 Press & Sun-Bull. (Binghamton, N.Y.) (Nexis) 4 Oct. 1 c Whether you are a raker of leaves in suburbia, a tender of terrace gardens in the city, or the harvester of produce in the country. †3. a. A gun positioned so as to be is able to rake an enemy's vessel. Also in figurative context. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval weapons and equipment > [noun] > ship's guns collectively > gun in specific position nosepiecea1614 stern-piece1622 chase-piece1626 rakera1640 chase-gun1667 bow-chase1769 chaser1804 stern-chaser1815 top gun1816 bow-chaser1836 a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Double Marriage ii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddd2/1 Every man to his charge, man her..wel. And place your rakers right. 1834 W. N. Glascock Naval Sketch-bk. I. 284 ‘I never,’ says I, hullin' the pratin' pothecary with a reg'lar raker 'twixt wind and water, ‘I never sot up a Member for Mischeef.’ b. Mining. Each of a number of shots (blasting charges) positioned next to a sumper. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > explosive material > [noun] > quantity used in blasting operation > charge shot1849 sumper1881 raker1883 shaped charge1948 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Rakers, shots placed round sumpers. 4. a. An implement for raking; spec. †(a) = cole-rake n. 1 (obsolete); †(b) a tool used in the burning of charcoal (obsolete); (c) a tool with pointed steel ends bent at a right angle in opposite directions, used in removing old mortar from the joints of walls; (d) a tool used in salt-making; (e) a tool used for mixing plaster. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > [noun] > charcoal furnace or kiln > rake for raker1730 society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > masons' and bricklayers' tools > for raking out joints raker1815 pointer1875 1670 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) xxxi. 193 With the handles of your Rakers, or the like, you must make Vent-holes..through the stuff which covers your Heap to the very Wood. 1702 A. Boyer Dict. Royal II. Coal raker, fourgon, perche à four. 1730 Venture 31 Ceres us'd to heat the Oven, and stir the Cinders with his Raker. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 194 The raker..is employed to rake or scrape loose and decayed mortar out of the joints of walls. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 514 The tools used by the bricklayer..are..10. The raker. 1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester Raker,..a piece of flat iron at the end of a long handle, used for raking the salt off the fires and to the sides of the pan. 1887 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Raker, an implement used in mixing lime and hair for plaster, or in making parget. 1995 Amateur Gardening 25 Nov. 33/3 Scarify compacted turf with a flexible wire rake or powered raker to remove clogging thatch. b. Zoology. Any of the projections on the inner side of a fish's gill arch which prevent solid matter from entering the gill; = gill raker n. at gill n.¹ Compounds 3. Also: a structure of similar function in some aquatic invertebrates. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > gill(s) or parts of ginnle?c1475 gill vein1683 arista1691 radius1691 fish-ear1748 operculum1752 flap1803 opercle1808 subopercle1822 preoperculum1828 preopercule1842 preopercular1851 interoperculum1855 preoperclec1857 raker1903 1876 D. S. Jordan Man. Vertebr. Northern U.S. 264 Family CVII.—Clupeidæ... Posterior part of tongue usually provided on each side with a row of conspicuous ‘gill rakers’.] 1903 Amer. Naturalist 37 110 Their posterior mantle openings..are much less fringed,..the fringes having the function of rakers, preventing the entrance of coarse materials with the inwards current of water. 1950 Amer. Midland Naturalist 43 149 The uppermost raker on first arch bifid in holotype, otherwise all rakers simple. 1991 Salt Water Sportsman Feb. 144/1 Stick the middle finger under the gill cover forward of the red rakers on smaller fish. 5. English regional (midlands and northern) and Scottish. A lump of coal placed on a fire to keep it smouldering; (more generally) any lump of coal. Cf. raking-coal n. at raking n.² Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] coal1253 sea-coal1253 pit-coal1483 cannel1541 earth coala1552 horse coal1552 Newcastle coal1552 stone-coal1585 cannel coal1587 parrot1594 burn-coal1597 lithanthrax1612 stony coal1617 Welsh coala1618 land-coala1661 foot coal1665 peacock coal1686 rough coal1686 white coal1686 heathen-coalc1697 coal-stone1708 round1708 stone-coal1708 bench-coal1712 slipper coal1712 black coal1713 culm1742 rock coal1750 board coal1761 Bovey coal1761 house coal1784 mineral coal1785 splint1789 splint coal1789 jet coal1794 anthracite1797 wood-coal1799 blind-coal1802 black diamond1803 silk-coal1803 glance-coal1805 lignite1808 Welsh stone-coal1808 soft1811 spout coals1821 spouter1821 Wallsend1821 brown coal1833 paper coal1833 steam-coal1850 peat-coal1851 cherry-coal1853 household1854 sinter coal1854 oil coal1856 raker1857 Kilkenny coal1861 Pottery coal1867 silkstone1867 block coal1871 admiralty1877 rattlejack1877 bunker1883 fusain1883 smitham1883 bunker coal1885 triping1886 trolley coal1890 kibble1891 sea-borne1892 jet1893 steam1897 sack coal1898 Welsh1898 navigation coal1900 Coalite1906 clarain1919 durain1919 vitrain1919 single1921 kolm1930 hards1956 1857 ‘G. Eliot’ Janet's Repentance xv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 459/1 The kitchen fire..was kept in under a huge ‘raker’—a possibility by which the coal of the midland counties atones for all its slowness and white ashes. 1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) 222 Raker, a large lump of coal left on the fire at night to be broken up in the morning, so as to save the trouble of lighting the fire. 1902 A. Wardrop Robin Tamson's Hamely Sketches 84 I pokered up the ‘raker’ an' slippit back aside wee Patie in the closet bed. c1909 D. H. Lawrence Collier's Friday Night (1934) iii. 87 Ernest has come from the cellar with a large lump of coal, which he pushes down in the fireplace so that it shall not lodge and go out... He puts the candle on the table, and puts some coal on the fire, round the ‘raker’. 1975 W. McIlvanney Docherty ii. xix. 229 Only Tadger stood there, a bottle bulging in his pocket, a wee raker of coal in his hand. 1989 Scots Mag. Apr. 47 Once the biggest rakers had been carried through, the cairter began to make tracks for the road back to the colliery. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rakern.² Brit. /ˈreɪkə/, U.S. /ˈreɪkər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rake v.¹, -er suffix¹. Etymology: < rake v.¹ + -er suffix¹. Compare earlier raking adj.¹In sense 1 perhaps sometimes associated with rake v.² 4b. 1. Horse Racing slang. to go a raker: to make a large, usually reckless bet on a horse. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > type of bet swoopstake1599 by-beta1627 levant1714 even money1732 play or pay bet1738 side bet1769 long shot1796 sweep1849 pay-or-play1853 sweepstake1861 pari-mutuel1868 to go a raker1869 flutter1874 skinner1874 by-wager1886 plunge1888 accumulator1889 saver1891 mutuel1893 quinella1902 parlay1904 Sydney or the bush1924 treble1924 daily double1930 all-up1933 round robin1944 double1951 twin double1960 perfecta1961 pool1963 lose bet1964 tiercé1964 Yankee bet1964 Yankee1967 nap1971 superfecta1971 tricast1972 triple1972 trixie1973 telebetting1974 trifecta1974 over-and-under1975 over-under1981 spread bet1981 1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ O.V.H. III. v. 124 His Lordship has gone a ‘raker’ for Lord of the Valley. 1902 F. Mason Ann. Horse-shoe Club 195 Finally, rendered desperate by failure after failure, I went a raker for a horse that I had heard on unquestionable authority was a real ‘good thing’ for the Cambridgeshire. 2. colloquial. †a. An extremely fast pace. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [noun] > a rapid rate > a very rapid rate raker1876 1876 Coursing Cal. 38 Poacher, going a raker from Cannobie lea, never let the latter next the hare in a well-run course of good length. 1895 Daily News 8 July 8/6 The pace home was a raker, the three boats throwing up great sheets of white water. b. Sport (originally and chiefly Golf). A long, accurate, and usually powerful shot or ball. Cf. raking adj.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > [noun] > types of shot or stroke putta1754 like1790 drive1829 tee-shot1850 gobble1857 push shot1865 iron shot1870 push stroke1873 drive-off1884 slice1886 raker1888 foozle1890 hook1890 iron1890 top1890 sclaff1893 brassy shot1894 run1894 chip shot1899 chip1903 pull1903 skimmer1903 draw shot1904 brassy1906 pitch-and-run1908 windcheater1909 air shot1920 chip-in1921 explosion1924 downhiller1925 blast1927 driver1927 shank1927 socket1927 recovery1937 whiff1952 pinsplitter1961 comebacker1965 bump-and-run1981 1888 Golfing Ann. 1887–8 1 118 A ‘raker’ straight on the line of the hole. 1899 Golf Illustr. 15 Sept. 393/2 Vardon drove a ‘raker’ from the first tee, nearly hole high. 1986 Times (Nexis) 21 Dec. He is dazzling running in attack, and has all the kicks, from the rakers to the chips. 2006 Irish Times (Nexis) 26 Sept. 27 It [sc. the best putt] has to be Darren Clarke's ‘raker’ on the par-three 12th... He..managed to hole a putt that was close to 120 feet in length. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rakern.³ Brit. /ˈreɪkə/, U.S. /ˈreɪkər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rake v.³, -er suffix¹. Etymology: < rake v.³ + -er suffix¹. An inclined beam or strut. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > beams or supports sillc897 sole-tree1527 spur1529 brace1530 rance1574 strut1587 ground pin1632 ground-plate1663 strut-beam1668 wale-piece1739 strutting-beam1753 wale1754 stretcher1774 tie1793 tie-beam1823 strutting1833 lattice frame1838 tie-bolt1838 tie rod1839 brace-rod1844 web1845 box girder1849 plate girder1849 lattice beam1850 lattice girder1852 girder1853 twister1875 under-girder1875 truss-beam1877 raker1880 wind-bracing1890 portal strut1894 stirrup1909 knee-brace1912 tee-beam1930 tee section1963 binder- 1880 Defiance (Ohio) Democrat 8 Jan. On the Dundee end of the bridge, at the curve, the sixty-six-foot spars are upheld by three cast iron piles, two of which are vertical, while the third is a ‘raker’. 1882 C. H. Stock Treat. Shoring & Underpinning ii. 5 The outer shore is called the top raker, the middle shore the middle raker, and the lowest is called the bottom shore. 1910 J. C. Meem in C. M. Jacobs Hudson River Tunnels 85 Side rakers of 10-inch by 12-inch timber were used to prevent lateral swaying. 1963 M. J. Tomlinson Found. Design & Constr. vii. 404 A large pile cap is provided to counteract the uplift on the backward raker. 1992 I. Banks Crow Road x. 251 He swivelled from joist to joist, raker to rafter, feeling horribly like a monkey. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1327n.²1869n.³1880
随便看	θ158527 θ158528 θ158529 θ15853 θ158530 θ158531 θ158532 θ158533 θ158534 θ158535 θ158536 θ158537 θ158538 θ158539 θ15854 θ158540 θ158541 θ158542 θ158543 θ158544 θ158545 θ158546 θ158547 θ158548 θ158549

rakern.1

rakern.2

rakern.3

rakern.¹

rakern.²

rakern.³