rakern.1
/ˈreɪkə/, U.S. /ˈreɪkər/ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning streets > [noun] > one who
mucker1229
raker1327
canel raker?1518
masser-scourer?1518
scavenger1530
sweep-street1553
channel raker1575
broom-man1592
broom-boy1593
gutter-master1607
rake-kennel1707
fulyie man1826
road sweeper1832
crossing-sweeper1841
street orderly1848
orderly1851
scavager1851
scaffy1853
broomer1857
sweep1858
roader1883
1327 in B. Thuresson Middle Eng. Occup. Terms (1950) 157 (MED) Joh. le Rakyere.
1357 in H. T. Riley Memorials London (1868) 299 (MED) [The dung that is found in the streets..shall be carried..out of the City..by the] rakyers.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. v. 164 (MED) Cisse þe soutere sat on þe bench..& a duszeyn oþere, A ribibour, a ratoner, & a rakiere [v.rr. rakere, rakar] of chepe.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 421 Racare of a pytte [?a1475 Winch. rakare of a cyte], merdifer, fumarius [?a1475 Winch. ffirmarius; read fimarius], olitor.
1469 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. St. Michael, Cornhill (1869) 175 (MED) Paid to the raker for caryng awey of the chirche dust.
1535 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 170 The Raker..shall have a horne, & blowe at euery mannes doore..to lay owt theyre offall.
1665 Orders Ld. Mayor & Aldermen to be observed during Plague 3 That the sweeping..of houses be..carryed away by the Rakers.
1728 in G. Lamoine Charges to Grand Jury (1992) 219 The very bad Condition of the Streets..is occasion'd chiefly through the Neglects of the Scavengers and Rakers.
1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 17 A wharf used for a laystall, to which the rakers carry street-soil.
1817 Act 57 Geo. III c. 29 §59 The scavengers, rakers, or cleansers of the streets and public places.
1851 in Mayhew London Labour II. 210 Sewers' Office, Guildhall, London, Rakers' Duties, Midsummer, 1851, to Midsummer, 1852.
2. gen. A person who rakes (in various senses). Also in raker-after, raker-up.hay-, moon-, muckraker, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > [noun] > types of search or searching > rummaging or thorough searching > one who
raker1342
ferreter1611
rummager1723
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [noun] > gathering together > by scraping or raking > one who
raker1614
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > [noun] > raking > one who
rakera1642
1342 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 170 [10 carters 2 stackers] i Rakere.
1561 in R. H. Tawney & E. Power Tudor Econ. Documents (1924) I. 335 Rates for dayes wages... Women Rakers..ijd.
1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 37/1 Not repairers of peace, but rakers for money.
1614 S. Hieron All the Serm. 35 This crieth shame vpon the rakers and scrapers of this world.
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 38 Rakers-after shoulde have charge given to rake cleane.
1703 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 329 To the ruckers of the hay and raikers thairof.
1750 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman V. Aug. vii. 61 [He may] lay it in true regular Rows, as he mows it, ready for the Raker.
1823 J. Wilson Trials Margaret Lyndsay xxix. 238 She used, half in work, half in pastime, to join the merry band of rakers.
1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. viii. vii. 422 Greedy rakers up of gold.
1864 E. Edwards Libraries xii. 425 To rake from a dead man's private diaries and memoranda passages which, it is hoped by the raker, will cause pain.
1921 P. Gibbs More that must be Told i. 36 He stands pilloried for all time as a raker-up of old hatreds.
1944 Living off Land: Man. Bushcraft vii. 153 Cooling down the fireline ahead of the rakers.
2005 Press & Sun-Bull. (Binghamton, N.Y.) (Nexis) 4 Oct. 1 c Whether you are a raker of leaves in suburbia, a tender of terrace gardens in the city, or the harvester of produce in the country.
a. A gun positioned so as to be is able to rake an enemy's vessel. Also in figurative context. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval weapons and equipment > [noun] > ship's guns collectively > gun in specific position
nosepiecea1614
stern-piece1622
chase-piece1626
rakera1640
chase-gun1667
bow-chase1769
chaser1804
stern-chaser1815
top gun1816
bow-chaser1836
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Double Marriage ii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddd2/1 Every man to his charge, man her..wel. And place your rakers right.
1834 W. N. Glascock Naval Sketch-bk. I. 284 ‘I never,’ says I, hullin' the pratin' pothecary with a reg'lar raker 'twixt wind and water, ‘I never sot up a Member for Mischeef.’
b. Mining. Each of a number of shots (blasting charges) positioned next to a sumper. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > explosive material > [noun] > quantity used in blasting operation > charge
shot1849
sumper1881
raker1883
shaped charge1948
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Rakers, shots placed round sumpers.
4.
a. An implement for raking; spec. †(a) = cole-rake n. 1 (obsolete); †(b) a tool used in the burning of charcoal (obsolete); (c) a tool with pointed steel ends bent at a right angle in opposite directions, used in removing old mortar from the joints of walls; (d) a tool used in salt-making; (e) a tool used for mixing plaster.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > [noun] > charcoal furnace or kiln > rake for
raker1730
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > masons' and bricklayers' tools > for raking out joints
raker1815
pointer1875
1670 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) xxxi. 193 With the handles of your Rakers, or the like, you must make Vent-holes..through the stuff which covers your Heap to the very Wood.
1702 A. Boyer Dict. Royal II. Coal raker, fourgon, perche à four.
1730 Venture 31 Ceres us'd to heat the Oven, and stir the Cinders with his Raker.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 194 The raker..is employed to rake or scrape loose and decayed mortar out of the joints of walls.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 514 The tools used by the bricklayer..are..10. The raker.
1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester Raker,..a piece of flat iron at the end of a long handle, used for raking the salt off the fires and to the sides of the pan.
1887 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Raker, an implement used in mixing lime and hair for plaster, or in making parget.
1995 Amateur Gardening 25 Nov. 33/3 Scarify compacted turf with a flexible wire rake or powered raker to remove clogging thatch.
b. Zoology. Any of the projections on the inner side of a fish's gill arch which prevent solid matter from entering the gill; = gill raker n. at gill n.1 Compounds 3. Also: a structure of similar function in some aquatic invertebrates.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > gill(s) or parts of
ginnle?c1475
gill vein1683
arista1691
radius1691
fish-ear1748
operculum1752
flap1803
opercle1808
subopercle1822
preoperculum1828
preopercule1842
preopercular1851
interoperculum1855
preoperclec1857
raker1903
1876 D. S. Jordan Man. Vertebr. Northern U.S. 264 Family CVII.—Clupeidæ... Posterior part of tongue usually provided on each side with a row of conspicuous ‘gill rakers’.]
1903 Amer. Naturalist 37 110 Their posterior mantle openings..are much less fringed,..the fringes having the function of rakers, preventing the entrance of coarse materials with the inwards current of water.
1950 Amer. Midland Naturalist 43 149 The uppermost raker on first arch bifid in holotype, otherwise all rakers simple.
1991 Salt Water Sportsman Feb. 144/1 Stick the middle finger under the gill cover forward of the red rakers on smaller fish.
5. English regional (midlands and northern) and Scottish. A lump of coal placed on a fire to keep it smouldering; (more generally) any lump of coal. Cf. raking-coal n. at raking n.2 Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun]
coal1253
sea-coal1253
pit-coal1483
cannel1541
earth coala1552
horse coal1552
Newcastle coal1552
stone-coal1585
cannel coal1587
parrot1594
burn-coal1597
lithanthrax1612
stony coal1617
Welsh coala1618
land-coala1661
foot coal1665
peacock coal1686
rough coal1686
white coal1686
heathen-coalc1697
coal-stone1708
round1708
stone-coal1708
bench-coal1712
slipper coal1712
black coal1713
culm1742
rock coal1750
board coal1761
Bovey coal1761
house coal1784
mineral coal1785
splint1789
splint coal1789
jet coal1794
anthracite1797
wood-coal1799
blind-coal1802
black diamond1803
silk-coal1803
glance-coal1805
lignite1808
Welsh stone-coal1808
soft1811
spout coals1821
spouter1821
Wallsend1821
brown coal1833
paper coal1833
steam-coal1850
peat-coal1851
cherry-coal1853
household1854
sinter coal1854
oil coal1856
raker1857
Kilkenny coal1861
Pottery coal1867
silkstone1867
block coal1871
admiralty1877
rattlejack1877
bunker1883
fusain1883
smitham1883
bunker coal1885
triping1886
trolley coal1890
kibble1891
sea-borne1892
jet1893
steam1897
sack coal1898
Welsh1898
navigation coal1900
Coalite1906
clarain1919
durain1919
vitrain1919
single1921
kolm1930
hards1956
1857 ‘G. Eliot’ Janet's Repentance xv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 459/1 The kitchen fire..was kept in under a huge ‘raker’—a possibility by which the coal of the midland counties atones for all its slowness and white ashes.
1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) 222 Raker, a large lump of coal left on the fire at night to be broken up in the morning, so as to save the trouble of lighting the fire.
1902 A. Wardrop Robin Tamson's Hamely Sketches 84 I pokered up the ‘raker’ an' slippit back aside wee Patie in the closet bed.
c1909 D. H. Lawrence Collier's Friday Night (1934) iii. 87 Ernest has come from the cellar with a large lump of coal, which he pushes down in the fireplace so that it shall not lodge and go out... He puts the candle on the table, and puts some coal on the fire, round the ‘raker’.
1975 W. McIlvanney Docherty ii. xix. 229 Only Tadger stood there, a bottle bulging in his pocket, a wee raker of coal in his hand.
1989 Scots Mag. Apr. 47 Once the biggest rakers had been carried through, the cairter began to make tracks for the road back to the colliery.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
rakern.2
/ˈreɪkə/, U.S. /ˈreɪkər/ 1. Horse Racing slang. to go a raker: to make a large, usually reckless bet on a horse. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > type of bet
swoopstake1599
by-beta1627
levant1714
even money1732
play or pay bet1738
side bet1769
long shot1796
sweep1849
pay-or-play1853
sweepstake1861
pari-mutuel1868
to go a raker1869
flutter1874
skinner1874
by-wager1886
plunge1888
accumulator1889
saver1891
mutuel1893
quinella1902
parlay1904
Sydney or the bush1924
treble1924
daily double1930
all-up1933
round robin1944
double1951
twin double1960
perfecta1961
pool1963
lose bet1964
tiercé1964
Yankee bet1964
Yankee1967
nap1971
superfecta1971
tricast1972
triple1972
trixie1973
telebetting1974
trifecta1974
over-and-under1975
over-under1981
spread bet1981
1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ O.V.H. III. v. 124 His Lordship has gone a ‘raker’ for Lord of the Valley.
1902 F. Mason Ann. Horse-shoe Club 195 Finally, rendered desperate by failure after failure, I went a raker for a horse that I had heard on unquestionable authority was a real ‘good thing’ for the Cambridgeshire.
2. colloquial.† a. An extremely fast pace. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [noun] > a rapid rate > a very rapid rate
raker1876
1876 Coursing Cal. 38 Poacher, going a raker from Cannobie lea, never let the latter next the hare in a well-run course of good length.
1895 Daily News 8 July 8/6 The pace home was a raker, the three boats throwing up great sheets of white water.
b. Sport (originally and chiefly Golf). A long, accurate, and usually powerful shot or ball. Cf. raking adj.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > [noun] > types of shot or stroke
putta1754
like1790
drive1829
tee-shot1850
gobble1857
push shot1865
iron shot1870
push stroke1873
drive-off1884
slice1886
raker1888
foozle1890
hook1890
iron1890
top1890
sclaff1893
brassy shot1894
run1894
chip shot1899
chip1903
pull1903
skimmer1903
draw shot1904
brassy1906
pitch-and-run1908
windcheater1909
air shot1920
chip-in1921
explosion1924
downhiller1925
blast1927
driver1927
shank1927
socket1927
recovery1937
whiff1952
pinsplitter1961
comebacker1965
bump-and-run1981
1888 Golfing Ann. 1887–8 1 118 A ‘raker’ straight on the line of the hole.
1899 Golf Illustr. 15 Sept. 393/2 Vardon drove a ‘raker’ from the first tee, nearly hole high.
1986 Times (Nexis) 21 Dec. He is dazzling running in attack, and has all the kicks, from the rakers to the chips.
2006 Irish Times (Nexis) 26 Sept. 27 It [sc. the best putt] has to be Darren Clarke's ‘raker’ on the par-three 12th... He..managed to hole a putt that was close to 120 feet in length.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
rakern.3
/ˈreɪkə/, U.S. /ˈreɪkər/ An inclined beam or strut.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > beams or supports
sillc897
sole-tree1527
spur1529
brace1530
rance1574
strut1587
ground pin1632
ground-plate1663
strut-beam1668
wale-piece1739
strutting-beam1753
wale1754
stretcher1774
tie1793
tie-beam1823
strutting1833
lattice frame1838
tie-bolt1838
tie rod1839
brace-rod1844
web1845
box girder1849
plate girder1849
lattice beam1850
lattice girder1852
girder1853
twister1875
under-girder1875
truss-beam1877
raker1880
wind-bracing1890
portal strut1894
stirrup1909
knee-brace1912
tee-beam1930
tee section1963
binder-
1880 Defiance (Ohio) Democrat 8 Jan. On the Dundee end of the bridge, at the curve, the sixty-six-foot spars are upheld by three cast iron piles, two of which are vertical, while the third is a ‘raker’.
1882 C. H. Stock Treat. Shoring & Underpinning ii. 5 The outer shore is called the top raker, the middle shore the middle raker, and the lowest is called the bottom shore.
1910 J. C. Meem in C. M. Jacobs Hudson River Tunnels 85 Side rakers of 10-inch by 12-inch timber were used to prevent lateral swaying.
1963 M. J. Tomlinson Found. Design & Constr. vii. 404 A large pile cap is provided to counteract the uplift on the backward raker.
1992 I. Banks Crow Road x. 251 He swivelled from joist to joist, raker to rafter, feeling horribly like a monkey.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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