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单词 ratify
释义

ratifyv.

Brit. /ˈratᵻfʌɪ/, U.S. /ˈrædəˌfaɪ/
Forms: Middle English radefy, Middle English radifie, Middle English radyffy, Middle English radyfy, Middle English–1500s ratefye, Middle English–1500s ratifye, Middle English–1500s ratyfye, Middle English–1700s ratefie, Middle English–1700s ratifie, Middle English– ratify, 1500s ratiffy, 1500s ratyfy, 1500s retify, 1600s rattify, 1600s ratyfie, 1600s rayedefy; Scottish pre-1700 ratefe, pre-1700 ratefey, pre-1700 ratefi, pre-1700 ratefie, pre-1700 ratiefie, pre-1700 ratife, pre-1700 ratiffe, pre-1700 ratiffie, pre-1700 ratifie, pre-1700 ratifii, pre-1700 ratifye, pre-1700 ratyfe, pre-1700 ratyfy, pre-1700 retiffe, pre-1700 1700s– ratify, 1700s 1900s– raitifie, 1900s– ratifee. N.E.D. (1903) also records a form Middle English ratiffye.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French ratifier.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French ratifier, ratefier, Middle French rateffier, reteffier to approve, confirm, accept as valid (1294 in Old French) < post-classical Latin ratificare to confirm or make valid (from 12th cent. in British sources; from 13th cent. in continental sources) < classical Latin ratus (see rate adj.1) + -ficāre -fy suffix. Compare Italian ratificare (a1348).
I. To confirm.
1.
a. transitive. To confirm or validate (an act, agreement, gift, etc.) by giving formal consent, approval, or sanction (esp. to terms or arrangements drawn up by another party). Also occasionally intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > ratification or confirmation > confirm or ratify [verb (transitive)]
confirm1297
ratify1357
endoss1381
approve1413
roborate?a1475
establish1533
justify1596
firm1599
rate?1611
affeera1616
tie1623
convalidate1656
sanction1778
accredit1826
countersign1840
endorse1847
the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement with [verb (transitive)] > make conclude or seal (an agreement)
binda1300
smitec1330
takec1330
ratify1357
knitc1400
enter1418
obligea1522
agree1523
conclude1523
strike1544
swap1590
celebrate1592
rate?1611
to strike up1646
form1736
firm1970
J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) 98 The ercebisshop..ratifies [?a1450 Lamb. confirmys] als-so that othir men gifes.
1397 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 34 Ovre lord the kyng sall conferme appreve & ratyfy [v.r. ratify] vndir his gret seyll all giftys [etc.].
a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 3349 We be come al for anoþer thyng..which we dar not opynly expresse with-oute that ȝe wold..Ȝoure graunt aforn conferme and ratefye.
1469 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1884) VII. 618 We ratifii and approvis this charter in all poyntis.
1549 Duke of Somerset in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 174 Their agreament and conclusion to be established and ratified by Parlyament.
1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin iii. 138 To ratifie..the auncient frendship with a new peace.
1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island i. iv. 2 When the shepherd-lads with common voice Their first consent had firmly ratifi'd.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 9 Aug. (1974) VIII. 378 He tells me..it is supposed the peace is ratified at Bredah.
1713 Boston News-let. 13 July 2/2 The following Gentlemen..appointed Commissioners to Ratify the Submission and Articles of Pacification Executed here by the said Indians.
1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 122 The endowment was ratified by the Pope's bull.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. xxxviii. 69 Asking whether the Thebans would permit the Bœotian towns to ratify for themselves.
1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lvi. 125 The compact was ratified by a solemn reconciliation between the contending parties.
1879 J. R. Green Readings Eng. Hist. xviii. 90 The terms which he had come to ratify had been settled beforehand.
1920 Glasgow Herald 29 Nov. 11/2 The British Government expects the Mejliss to meet within a month to decide whether it wishes to ratify the Anglo-Persian agreement.
1970 L. Deighton Bomber (1972) xxxiv. 468 The above-named has been found unsuitable for any further duties in aircrew capacity and his reduction from NCO rank has therefore been ratified by Air Ministry.
1997 Countryman Spring 168 Despite all the support the objectors received the fact remained that the Order had now been officially ratified—a new town was going to be built.
b. transitive. To confirm the possession of (land, goods, etc.). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1469 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1884) VII. 618 I ratyfy..al landis,..rentis and gudis..that my said gravntschir..giffis.
1561 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Hercules Furens sig. D8 But one my pompe and princely myght May ratifye, once ioynde to me with regall torche full bryght.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Macc. xi. 34 We haue ratified vnto them the borders of Iudea. View more context for this quotation
1850 W. B. D. D. Turnbull tr. in Hist. Memorials Coldstream Abbey 85 I and my heirs lawfully ratify the said land to the before-mentioned Sisters from that locality where Hesilhow falls into Dur.
c. transitive. To confirm, to guarantee or ensure the fulfilment of (a purpose, hope, etc.). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > guarantee
fast?a1160
pledge?a1439
assure1447
ensure1460
avouch1548
ratify1599
seal1628
underwrite1838
warrant1849
1599 E. Ford Parismenos vii. sig. H4v Most noble King (quoth he) my humble desire is, that you wold without further doubt, ratifie that which I shall performe in the behalfe of the Princesse.
1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Ii3v The King suspending should he not consent, And ratifie the generall intent.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xxiv. 270 Pray..that he will deine to vse His most lou'd bird, to ratifie thy hopes.
1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) vi. 91 God..onely can ratifie all our pious resolutions.
1757 T. Gray Ode II ii. iii, in Odes 18 Stamp we our vengeance deep, and ratify his doom.
1799 C. B. Brown Edgar Huntly I. viii. 175 The same blow that bereavedhim of life, has likewise ratified her doom.
1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham II. xx. 198 I fancied a perfection in her, and vowed an emulation in myself, which it was reserved for Time to ratify or deride.
1861 Amer. Agriculturist Jan. 15/3 Let our readers experiment and report, if the value of this method can be ratified.
2. transitive. To declare or confirm the truth or correctness of (a statement, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > support, corroborate > on basis of authority
confirmc1290
certify1330
approvec1380
authorizea1393
ratify?a1425
consignc1430
corroborate1530
attest1590
concredit1659
attestate1660
you can quote me1813
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 156 Þe Pape hase ratified..my buke in all poyntes.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Confirmacion f. ix* They may then..with their owne mouth..ratifie and confesse the same.
1558 Dunkyn's Mortgage to Vicary in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. iii. 139 The names..werre here red, ratefyed & allowyd.
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 357 The prophesie..thus ratified by the euent.
1671 J. Webster Metallographia iii. 50 To ratifie this,..I shall relate what I my self have found.
1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. i. 30 This Revelation..has been ratified by the blood of Christ and His Apostles.
1826 C. Lamb in New Monthly Mag. 16 520 The transitions in this episode are..as violent as in the most extravagant dream, and yet the waking judgment ratifies them.
1866 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 8 395 Lest it be supposed that he intelligently accepts and ratifies Colebrookes conclusions, as agreeing with the results of his own examination.
1906 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sentinel 7 Mar. 4/3 Mr. Walsh went on to ratify the statement of Fred. M. Blount, that the report was not true.
1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 Apr. 72/4 When Cavell counter-intuitively asserts that a man typically retains his repressed childhood wish to be ‘buggered by his father’..she is willy-nilly ratifying Freud's key premises.
3. transitive. To confirm (a person) in faith or courage. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > [verb (transitive)] > confirm in
ratify1559
the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > encourage or embolden [verb (transitive)] > confirm in courage
ratify1559
1559 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1824) I. ii. App. vi. 406 One chief pointe of spiritual government is to confirme his brethren, and ratifie them..by holsome doctryne.
1665 Ford's Most Famous Hist. Parismus: 2nd Pt. (new ed.) xxviii. 227 Those that were also maimed and wounded..were..every one kindly ratified [earlier edd. satisfied] by Marcellus.
4. transitive. To consummate (a marriage); to carry out, bring to fulfilment or completion. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > consummate (marriage)
consummate?c1525
ratify1561
the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)]
to make an endc893
afilleOE
endc975
fullOE
full-doOE
full-workOE
fullendOE
fullfremeOE
full-forthlOE
fillc1175
fulfilc1300
complec1315
asum1340
full-make1340
performa1382
finisha1400
accomplishc1405
cheve1426
upwindc1440
perfurnish?c1450
sumc1450
perimplish1468
explete?a1475
fullcome1477
consume1483
consomme1489
perimplenish1499
perfect1512
perfinish1523
complete1530
consummate1530
do1549
to run out1553
perfectionate1570
win1573
outwork1590
to bring about1598
exedifya1617
to do up1654
ratifyc1720
ultimate1849
terminate1857
1561 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 3 This deponent verilie belevis that the said matrimonie was neuer ratefied.
1562 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 76 The said Henrie Price did not ratifie the said matrymonie bie carnall copulacion.
c1720 Ship in a Storm vii Too soon the rolling Ruin came And ratify'd the Wreck.
1774 Mem. Unfortunate Lady of Quality I. i. 149 Wishing that the major's business was finished, which prevented him from ratifying his matrimonial engagements.
1974 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 24 Feb. 12 c/4 The boy can go right from the church to the courthouse and have his marriage annulled. But if he stops along the way to enjoy his wedding night, he has ratified the marriage.
II. To set a rate.
5. transitive. To fix the rate or price of (goods). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > pricing > attach a price to [verb (transitive)] > set or fix price (of)
loveOE
prizea1325
setc1420
make1423
cheapa1464
price1471
ratify1511
to set up?1529
apprize1533
rate1599
to set down1599
pitch1624
tax1846
to charge1889
sale-price1959
1511 Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 394 Corne or grayne that comith..to be sold in the market place shall be sold and ratiffied acording the plentines of the yere.
1526 Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 402 Every man or woman which makith aquavitie, honied alle [or] singill alla to be ratiffied and sold, to paye the accostomid ratte to the silver boxe.

Derivatives

ˈratifiable adj.
ΚΠ
1917 Yale Law Jrnl. 26 607 (note) A gift of goods declared by statute void as to creditors was held valid and ratifiable, being voidable only by the creditors.
2001 Financial Times (Nexis) 8 Nov. 14 The job of putting the Kyoto protocol into ratifiable legal form ‘has to be done’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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更新时间:2024/9/20 16:32:02