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单词 rathe
释义

† rathen.1

Forms: early Middle English raþ, early Middle English rað, early Middle English raþe, early Middle English rath, early Middle English reað.
Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.
Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic ráð : see rede n.1). Compare rothe v.The isolated form rað in Laȝamon's Brut (see quot. c1275) perhaps instead shows a variant of rede n.1 (see R. Dance Words Derived from Old Norse in Early Middle English (2003) 452).
Obsolete.
Counsel, advice. Also: a counsellor, a friend. Cf. rede n.1
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun]
redeOE
rathec1175
counsel?c1225
governaila1382
advicec1390
advisement1409
visingc1480
vicea1500
manuduction1502
recommending1575
recommendation1585
aread1590
paraenesis1593
consult1654
guidant1691
advisal1765
shauri1874
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1414 Teȝȝ forr þe deoþless raþ Drihhtiness raþ forrwurrpenn.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5498 Þa heo ha[f]den al iseid, Þat wes þe utemæste rað þat heo ȝeue Ælene.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 75 (MED) To þe faderles was he rath.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2542 (MED) Hwat shal me to raþe? Goddoth, i shal do slou hem baþe.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

rathen.2

Brit. /reɪð/, U.S. /reɪð/
Forms: 1500s raithe, 1500s rathe, 1600s raer, 1600s raeth, 1700s rade, 1700s raith, 1700s rath; English regional 1800s– rade (southern), 1800s– rathe, 1800s– raythe (Yorkshire), 1800s– wraith (Yorkshire), 1800s– wraithe (northern); also Scottish pre-1700 raith, pre-1700 ratche (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 rath. See also rave n.2
Origin: Of unknown origin.
Etymology: Origin unknown. Compare rave n.2 Perhaps compare raddle n.2With sense 2 compare slightly earlier ring-rathe n. at ring n.1 Compounds 2a.
1. A rail or shaft of a cart; = rave n.2 1a. In later use English regional.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > parts of > body > plank or rail > to increase capacity
cart-staff1297
thripple14..
rathe1459
summer1510
cart-ladder?1523
rail1530
rave1530
shelboard1569
wain-flakes1570
load-pina1642
shelvingsa1642
cop1679
float1686
lade1686
outrigger1794
shelvement1808
sideboard1814
heck1825
hay-rigging1855
floating rail1892
1459 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1883) VI. 579 Pro duobus paribus bigarum et duorum lez rathez.
1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 102 Cart..without rathes.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiii The body of the wayn of oke, the staues, the nethar rathes, the ouer rathes and pycstaues.
1543 Acts & Decreets I. 563 Ane pair of wayne quhelis..ane pair of rathis.
1567 in P. C. D. Brears Yorks. Probate Inventories 1542–1689 (1972) 16 Item..one payre of wayne Raithes & fowre waynes £2.0.0.
1610 Edinb. Test. XLVI. f. 107v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rath(e Ane pair of waine raithes.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 339/2 The two Cart Raers, the Railes on the Cart top. The Cart Staves are those that hold the Cart and the Raers together, which maketh the Cart Body.
1705 London Gaz. No. 4112/4 With this Crest, a Cock upon a Rath.
1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xiv. 88 Three Waggons had each a Board..fix'd Cross the Middle of each Waggon by Iron Pins, to the Top of the Rades or Sides.
1738 in B. Trinder & J. Cox Yeomen & Colliers in Telford 1660–1750 (1980) 387 10 pair of Raiths 10 sett of Fillys.
1824 W. Carr Horæ Momenta Cravenæ Wraiths, shafts of a cart.
1890 S. S. Buckman John Darke's Sojourn in Cotteswolds v. 34 Numerous waggons with hurdles tied along their rathes.
1897 Westm. Gaz. 2 Feb. 7/2 He got a rope, fastened it..to the cart wraiths, and..strangled himself.
1974 D. Wilson Staffs. Dial. Words 52 Rathes, extensions fitted to a farm cart when being used for carrying hay.
1976 A. Fischer Dial. in South-west Eng. 371 Rathes, cart-ladders.
2. Weaving. A bar with teeth or pins for separating and guiding the warp-threads. Cf. ravel n.3, rave n.2 3. In later use English regional (northern and north midlands).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > for separating warp threads while being wound
ring-rathe1538
rathe1564
rave1888
1564 Inventory in J. Noake Worcs. Relics (1877) 13 In the weaving shoppe a rathe, a warpinge bore, a troughe.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. viii. 346/2 The Raeth is a thing like a Rake... The Raeth keeps the Yarn in Warping, that they shall not tangle or twist one with another.
1851 L. D. B. Gordon in Art Jrnl. Illustr. Catal. p. vii** The ‘wraithe’ is for the purpose of keeping the threads separate.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 1111 A comb or raithe..guides the threads with precision on to any length of beam.
1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester Suppl. 422 Raithe, weaving term. A frame of wood and wire through which the biers pass, and which keeps the warp evenly spread out whilst it is being wound on the yarn-beam.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ratheadj.1

Brit. /reɪð/, U.S. /reɪð/, /ræθ/
Forms: Old English hraðe (plural), Old English hreð (see note below), late Old English hræþe (Kentish, plural), Middle English raþe, Middle English vanth (transmission error), Middle English– rath (now English regional), Middle English– rathe, 1600s raith, 1800s raaye (Irish English (southern)), 1800s– rave (English regional (Somerset)); Scottish pre-1700 raith, pre-1700 1800s rath, pre-1700 1800s– rathe.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Probably also partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: rad adj.1; rathe adv.
Etymology: Variant of rad adj.1 In Middle English probably partly also < rathe adv. For the uses of the comparative and superlative see rather adj. and rathest adj.The variant is poorly attested in Old English (the usual form being hræd rad adj.1): only securely in two examples rendering the same passage in Psalms (see quots. OE, lOE at sense 1), and in a third example in Daniel, where emendation to rathe adv. (or rethe adj.) has been suggested:OE Daniel 619 Siððan him [sc. Nabochodonossor] nið godes, hreð [perh. read hreðe] of heofonum, hete gesceode. The word is not attested at all between the end of the Old English period and the 15th cent., although currency may be implied by surnames (compare Iohanna, filia Roberti le Rath (1290–1), Rob. Rathebayn (1317–27)).
Now rare (chiefly literary and English regional).
1. Of a person or his or her actions: quick, prompt; eager, vehement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [adjective] > prompt to act
radeOE
yevereOE
snellOE
ratheOE
spacka1200
quickc1300
eagerc1325
readyc1330
tallc1374
smartc1380
desirousc1386
rifec1390
promptc1425
speedy?1504
nimblea1547
present1548
go-ahead1825
the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adjective] > ready or prompt
radeOE
rekenOE
ratheOE
freshc1175
gradelyc1275
quickc1300
freea1393
readya1425
promptc1425
forward1523
forwards1598
cheerful1600
alacritous1821
up to ——1849
the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > [adjective]
needfulOE
anguishous?c1225
eager?a1300
throc1330
fierce1377
desirousc1386
affectuousa1400
yeverousa1400
inwardc1402
earnestful?1406
rathe?c1450
zealing1459
increc1480
affectual1483
zealous1526
affectioneda1533
jealous1535
heartyc1540
affectivec1550
earnest1563
pricking1575
forward1587
affectionate1598
passiveless1602
zealful1602
full-hearteda1616
wholehearted1644
intense1645
high1649
covetous1652
thorough-hearted1656
keen as mustard1659
fell1667
fervent1673
smirk1674
zealed1679
prest1697
strenuous1713
enthusiastic1741
enthusiastical1755
whole-souled1821
con amore1828
lyrical1875
mustard1919
gung ho1942
OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) xiii. 6 Heora fet beoð swiðe hraðe blod to ageotanne.
lOE Canterbury Psalter xiii. 3 Veloces pedes eorum ad effundendum sanguinem : hiræ fet hræþe uel snelle to ægiotænæ uel to scedende blod.
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 10448 (MED) Achilles was al to rathe, Armed wel & redi dight.
c1440 (?a1400) Sir Perceval (1930) 98 (MED) Was noȝte þe Rede Knyghte so rathe For to wayte hym with skathe.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 6442 (MED) To reule þaim wele he was full rathe.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 835 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 121 The tuchet gird to ye golk..Raif his taile fra his rig with a rath [1568 Bannatyne rathe] pleid.
1575 G. Gascoigne Dan Bartholmew in Wks. (1587) 66 In deede the rage which wrong him there was rathe.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. vii. 145 Art there, lad?—aye, youth's aye rathe—but look to thysel.
1948 E. Pound Pisan Cantos lxxxi. 99 Pull down thy vanity, Rathe to destroy, niggard in charity.
2.
a. Early; done or occurring before the usual or natural time.Originally with too: cf. rathe adv. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [adjective] > early or premature
rathe1340
soona1400
premature?1530
fore-ripeda1533
untimeousc1540
immature1548
overtimely1548
prematurate1570
oversoona1586
over-early1605
premiseda1616
prematured1692
unearthly1865
previous1869
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 52 (MED) Me zeneȝeþ ine to raþe arizinge uor to ethene.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 247 (MED) Tilyng..Is not to rathe [L. cito] yf dayis thryis fyue Hit be preuent.
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxlii. 255 (margin) Rathe marriage is the cause why men be nowe of lesse stature than they haue beene before time.
1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie v. sig. E5v Those swarmes..if they be rathe wil swarme againe, vnlesse they bee over-hived.
1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 22 The rath sower ne're borrows o' th' late.
1776 W. Tans'ur Beauties of Poetry ii. 50 Rathe, early, coming before the Time.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. x. 214 Laying his head in a rath grave.
1833 H. Coleridge Poems I. 13 A rathe December blights my lagging May.
1886 W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) The expression..a rave spring..is not uncommon.
1928 T. Hardy Winter Words 158 And now comes Einstein with a notion..That's there's no time, no space, no motion, Nor rathe nor late, Nor square nor straight, But just a sort of bending-ocean.
b. Of a flower, fruit, etc.: growing, blooming, or ripening early in the year. Cf. rathe-ripe adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by age or cycles > [adjective] > ripe or ripened > ripening or becoming ripe > ripening or flowering early
hasty1338
before-ripea1382
precoquea1398
premature?1440
rathe1572
hasting1578
rathe-ripe1578
precocious1650
precoce1658
rareripe1678
hastive1724
force-ripe1830
1572 L. Mascall tr. D. Brossard L'Art et Maniere de Semer in Bk. Plant & Graffe Trees 56 For to haue rathe or timely Peares... For to haue them rath or soone, ye shall graffe them on the Pine tree.
1600 E. B. in Englands Helicon sig. Bivv And made the rathe and timely Primrose grow.
1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 24 in Justa Edouardo King Bring the rathe primerose that forsaken dies.
1786 J. H. Tooke Επεα Πτεροεντα x. 506 We have also in English the expression of rath fruits.
1813 W. Scott Rokeby iv. 155 Where..the rathe primrose decks the mead.
1848 J. R. Lowell Fable for Critics in Poet. Wks. (1880) 357 A single anemone trembly and rathe.
1881 Cent. Mag. Nov. 79 The earth is moving in her green delight—Her spiritual crocuses shoot through, And rathe hepaticas in rose and blue.
3. Belonging to or forming the first part of a period of time; esp. early in the day, belonging to the dawn or morning.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > [adjective] > of the beginning of a period
rathea1425
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > morning > [adjective]
earlyOE
rathea1425
matutinalc1450
matutinec1450
morning1535
antemeridian1592
betimely1594
grey-eyed1597
matins1643
ante-jentacular1796
matinal1803
matutinary1858
pre-luncheon1909
a1425 (a1396) R. Maidstone Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms (BL Add. 39574) 299 in M. Day Wheatley MS (1921) 32 (MED) Alle the day, bothe late and rathe, Thei thoght on gyle.
1565 J. Hall tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. Antidotarie i. 48 Lettinge it stande so all nyghte, and in the mornynge rathe, strayne it againe, and so administer it warme.
1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Dd2v The rathe morning newly but awake.
1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 191 Intending to aske her what shee made there at so rathe an houre.
1830 J. Hogg Highland Eclogue in Gem 195 Beginning thy rath orisons here.
1877 J. A. Symonds Fine Arts in Renaissance in Italy (1897) III. iii. 110 The rathe tints of early dawn.
1898 S. R. Crockett Standard Bearer xxxi. 279 The young ardour of spring and the rath summer-time.
1914 C. Mackenzie Sinister St. II. iii. xiv. 787 Spring on these rathe mornings of wind and scudded blue sky was forward with her traceries.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† ratheadj.2

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rare adj.1
Etymology: Variant of rare adj.1 Compare rath adj. and discussion at that entry.
Obsolete. rare.
Rare, uncommon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adjective] > rare
rare1447
rathe1548
unvulgar1605
uncommon1611
rarachose1676
recherché1689
1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) at Rarus, Rarus Rarum inuentu, harde and rathe to be found.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

ratheadv.

Brit. /reɪð/, U.S. /reɪð/, /ræθ/
Forms: early Old English hræde (in a late copy, probably transmission error), Old English hraeðe (rare), Old English hræþe, Old English hræðe, Old English hreðe, Old English hręðe (Northumbrian), Old English ræþe (Mercian), Old English rað (rare), Old English raþa (rare), Old English–early Middle English hraþe, Old English–early Middle English hraðe, Old English–early Middle English ræðe, Old English–Middle English raþe, Old English–Middle English raðe, late Old English–early Middle English hraþa, early Middle English ræðen, early Middle English raðæ, Middle English raþ, Middle English rauth, Middle English reaðe, Middle English reðe, Middle English wrath, Middle English–1600s (1800s– English regional (southern)) rath, Middle English– rathe, 1700s rade (English regional (Kent)), 1800s raaye (Irish English (Wexford)); Scottish pre-1700 raith, pre-1700 rath, pre-1700 rayth, pre-1700 reth, pre-1700 roith, pre-1700 roth.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old High German rado , hrado < the same Germanic base as rad adj.1In form ræðen (from the Caligula manuscript of Laȝamon’s Brut: see quot. c1275 at sense 1a) showing nunnation, a very common feature of the language of this text in this manuscript, which has not been satisfactorily explained.
Now English regional.
†1.
a. Quickly, rapidly; esp. immediately, without delay, promptly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > immediacy > [adverb]
soonc825
ratheeOE
rathelyeOE
rekeneOE
rekenlyOE
thereright971
anonOE
forth ona1000
coflyc1000
ferlyc1000
radlyOE
swiftlyc1000
unyoreOE
yareOE
at the forme (also first) wordOE
nowOE
shortlya1050
rightOE
here-rightlOE
right anonlOE
anonc1175
forthrightc1175
forthwithalc1175
skeetc1175
swithc1175
with and withc1175
anon-rightc1225
anon-rights?c1225
belivec1225
lightly?c1225
quickly?c1225
tidelyc1225
fastlyc1275
hastilyc1275
i-radlichec1275
as soon asc1290
aright1297
bedenea1300
in little wevea1300
withoute(n dwella1300
alrightc1300
as fast (as)c1300
at firstc1300
in placec1300
in the placec1300
mididonec1300
outrightc1300
prestc1300
streck13..
titec1300
without delayc1300
that stounds1303
rada1325
readya1325
apacec1325
albedenec1330
as (also also) titec1330
as blivec1330
as line rightc1330
as straight as linec1330
in anec1330
in presentc1330
newlyc1330
suddenlyc1330
titelyc1330
yernec1330
as soon1340
prestly1340
streckly1340
swithly?1370
evenlya1375
redelya1375
redlya1375
rifelya1375
yeplya1375
at one blastc1380
fresha1382
ripelyc1384
presentc1385
presently1385
without arrestc1385
readilyc1390
in the twinkling of a looka1393
derflya1400
forwhya1400
skeetlya1400
straighta1400
swifta1400
maintenantc1400
out of handc1400
wightc1400
at a startc1405
immediately1420
incontinent1425
there and then1428
onenec1429
forwithc1430
downright?a1439
agatec1440
at a tricec1440
right forth1440
withouten wonec1440
whipc1460
forthwith1461
undelayed1470
incessantly1472
at a momentc1475
right nowc1475
synec1475
incontinently1484
promptly1490
in the nonce?a1500
uncontinent1506
on (upon, in) the instant1509
in short1513
at a clap1519
by and by1526
straightway1526
at a twitch1528
at the first chop1528
maintenantly1528
on a tricea1529
with a tricec1530
at once1531
belively1532
straightwaysa1533
short days1533
undelayedly1534
fro hand1535
indelayedly1535
straight forth1536
betimesc1540
livelyc1540
upononc1540
suddenly1544
at one (or a) dash?1550
at (the) first dash?1550
instantly1552
forth of hand1564
upon the nines1568
on the nail1569
at (also in, with) a thoughtc1572
indilately1572
summarily1578
at one (a) chop1581
amain1587
straightwise1588
extempore1593
presto1598
upon the place1600
directly1604
instant1604
just now1606
with a siserary1607
promiscuously1609
at (in) one (an) instant1611
on (also upon) the momenta1616
at (formerly also on or upon) sight1617
hand to fist1634
fastisha1650
nextly1657
to rights1663
straightaway1663
slap1672
at first bolt1676
point-blank1679
in point1680
offhand1686
instanter1688
sonica1688
flush1701
like a thought1720
in a crack1725
momentary1725
bumbye1727
clacka1734
plumba1734
right away1734
momentarily1739
momentaneously1753
in a snap1768
right off1771
straight an end1778
abruptedly1784
in a whistle1784
slap-bang1785
bang?1795
right off the reel1798
in a whiff1800
in a flash1801
like a shot1809
momently1812
in a brace or couple of shakes1816
in a gird1825
(all) in a rush1829
in (also at, on) short (also quick) order1830
straightly1830
toot sweetc1830
in two twos1838
rectly1843
quick-stick1844
short metre1848
right1849
at the drop of a (occasionally the) hat1854
off the hooks1860
quicksticks1860
straight off1873
bang off1886
away1887
in quick sticks (also in a quick stick)1890
ek dum1895
tout de suite1895
bung1899
one time1899
prompt1910
yesterday1911
in two ups1934
presto changeo1946
now-now1966
presto change1987
the world > time > relative time > different time > [adverb] > imminently or in the near future
ratheeOE
rathelyeOE
soonc900
shortlya1050
newenc1175
newlya1225
nunonc1225
newenlyc1275
fast byc1300
tomorrowa1382
brieflyc1460
anonc1475
soonlyc1475
of newa1500
suddenlya1500
by and by1526
soon1545
imminently1548
short1556
erelong1577
eminently1646
bimeby1722
directly1851
the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [adverb] > quickly or promptly
ratheeOE
rathelyeOE
radlyOE
yareOE
timelyOE
belivec1175
belivesc1275
hastivelyc1300
prestc1300
smartc1300
smartlyc1300
prestly1340
spacklya1350
pertlya1375
redelya1375
redlya1375
yeplya1375
readilyc1390
yarelya1400–50
hasty?a1425
promptly1490
hastyfullyc1500
snackly1728
snack1739
snaply1768
in quick sticks (also in a quick stick)1835
pronto1892
quick smart1955
snappily1981
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xxxvi. 2 [Facientes iniquitatem] tamquam faenum uelociter arescent et sicut holera herbarum cito cadent : swe swe heg hreðlice adrugiað & swe swe leaf wyrta hreðe fallað.
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. iv. 22 Illi autem statim relictis retibus et patre secuti sunt eum : hea uel ða ilca soðlice hraðe forleorton netta & fader gefylgdon hine.
OE Crist III 1525 Sceolon raþe feallan on grimne grund þa ær wiþ gode wunnon.
OE Beowulf (2008) 224 Þanon up hraðe Wedera leode on wang stigon.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1102 Þa he hine [sc. þone castel] swa hraðe gewinnan ne mihte, he let þærtoforan castelas gemakian.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 20 Fare þe nu ham raðe; þin sune leofæð.
?c1250 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) 180 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 293 (MED) He scullen falle swiþe raþe in to helle grunde.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 6797 Vortiger..sende ȝeond Lunden & to hustinge hehte heom ræðen & ful sone þat heo alle comen.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 5641 (MED) Nad he be y-armed þe betere y wys, & rathe to him come socour of hys, he had him be-nome ys lyf.
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. clxxxv. 162 He prayd hem that they shold make edward of Carrnariuan kyng of englond..as rathe as they myght.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 417 Gif he had haldin the casteill, It suld haue beyn assegit rath.
1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. L.iiiiv Fende My daughter..And (since I counte al leasure long) Returne hir to me rathe.
1649 R. Hodges Plainest Direct. 36 Hee was wroth because she was ful of wrath so rath.
c1650 Arthour & Merlin (Percy) l. 2032 Kinge Anguis..Did arme his men wrath & prest.
1699 N. Strong England's Perfect School-master (ed. 8) 63 So rathe he swore an Oath.
b. With too: too quickly, (all) too soon; hence (passing into sense 4), too early; before the fitting, usual, or natural time. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [adverb] > early, too early, or prematurely
ratheOE
oversoona1400
overtimelya1400
untimeously1513
before his (also her, etc.) time1545
abortively1552
immaturely1572
untimelya1586
forwardlya1641
prematurely1641
premature1754
ahead of oneself1854
over-early1856
beforetimes1885
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 999 Hi to hraðe bugon & flugon, & þa Deniscan ahton wællstowe geweald.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) iii. 8 Ic wat þæt þu hæfst þara wæpna to hraðe forgiten þe ic þe ær sealde.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 14155 Þat niht to raðe com; ȝif þa niht neore, islaȝen hi weoren alle.
a1325 Lent (Corpus Cambr.) 44 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 130 (MED) He ne may noȝt bigynne is mete to raþe ne to longe sitte þerto.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 8876 (MED) Al to rath [a1400 Gött. sone; a1400 Fairf. timely] he þat be-gan.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) v. 937 He was slayn..Unhappily at Thebes al to raþe.
1455 J. Fastolf in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 118 I had leuere ye were at London ij dayes to rathe then ij dayes to late.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 9725 (MED) A man shulde haue..A crowes hals..Þat he speke not to rathe.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) iv. xx. 65 I songe to rathe, for I sange by the morowe.
a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) ccxlix. 21 All to rathe alas the while, She built on such a ground.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iii. 433 Long time ye both in armes shall beare great sway, Till..his last fate him from thee take away, Too rathe cut off by practise criminall.
1621 W. Slatyer Hist. Great Britanie ix. 259 The Dukes of Somerset and Yorke, Did first begin this wofull worke, Whose priuate quarrels bred too rathe A world of mischiefe, publique scathe.
†2. as rathe as (also so rather so, swa rathe swa): as soon as, at the moment when. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > immediacy > immediately [phrase] > as soon as
as rathe as (also so rather so, swa rathe swa)OE
not so soon…(that) or but (that)1390
as (als, also) swithe as (als swither)a1400
no sooner…, but, than, or when1560
how soon (that)c1600
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxii. 357 Swa hraðe swa [a1225 Lamb. swa reðe swa] his sceadu hi hrepode hi wurdon gehælede fram eallum untrumnyssum.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxv. 301 He wæs godes bearn swa hraðe swa he mannes bearn wearð.
?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 35 Hæte hym man bæþ swa hraþa swa hys wisa godiȝe.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 12799 So rathe so [c1275 swa sone swa] hii mihten vt of sipe hii rehten.
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 203 (MED) He..prayede ham..þat þai shulde make Edward of Carnaryuan Kyng of Engeland..as raþe as þai myght.
a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 83 (MED) As rath as ye haue sey thes lettres, ne lette not to come to socoure vs.
1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 97v As rathe as she might rise, With mother nurse she gate her out, And to the heath shee hyes.
3.
a. Early in the morning or day. In modern use chiefly poetic and English regional (southern).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > morning > [adverb]
earlyOE
orOE
ereOE
amornOE
amorrowc1275
rathec1275
betimea1300
morningc1325
of (also in, on) morningsc1395
a-morninga1400
a-morningsc1400
betimes1481
morningly1560
in the morning1562
ante meridiem1563
timeous1566
rare1574
in a morning1591
rearly1596
timeouslyc1600
mornly1605
a.m.1651
rear1714
antemeridian1770
bright and early1805
matutinely1833
matutinally1897
ack emma1918
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1086 (MED) Ich..skente hi mid mine songe Al þat ich miȝte, raþe an longe.
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 155 (MED) Hail ȝe holi monkes wiþ ȝur corrin, Late and raþe ifillid of ale and wine!
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 580 Why rise ye so rathe, ey benedicitee What eyleth yow.
a1443 in Cal. Proc. Chancery Queen Elizabeth (1827) I. p. xxxii Your seid suppliant..dar nethir ride nor go late nor rathe in to Essex.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xxii. 60 I am the Hunte, whiche rathe and earely ryse.
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xii. xxi. 282 Vpon some sundaie morning rath, light it.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xii. 199 Commaunding him..rathe as he could rise, to such a gate to goe.
1673 J. Ray S. & E. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 75 Rathe in the morning, i.e. early in the morning.
a1728 W. Kennett MS Coll. Provinc. Words (BL Lansdowne MS 1033) f. 317 Rathe, early in the Morning..in Kent commonly pronounct Rade.
1842 G. P. R. Pulman Rustic Sketches 29 In th' marnin' up I gits, Za rathe as break o' day.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 165 The face..held her from her sleep. Till rathe she rose.
1888 T. Hardy Wessex Tales II. 17 Come rathe or come late, it don't much matter.
†b. Early in the year. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > year > [adverb] > early in the year
rathe1574
early1579
1574 R. Scot Perfite Platforme of Hoppe Garden 8 Where the Garden standeth bleake, or the Hoppe springeth rath.
a1618 J. Sylvester tr. J. Bertaut Parl. Vertues Royall in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Divine Weekes & Workes (1621) 876 Serued with Them (each in her office prest) That goodly Rising Sunne, whose Rayes, new spred, So rathe a Spring of flowring Hopes haue bred.
†4. Early with respect to the proper or natural time. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1350 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 262 (MED) Alas þat he wes ded so raþe!
1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare 10 It was verie rathe to haue Monasteries builte in all S. James time.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias 124 b For that it was somwhat rath for to returne, they went to the Iland of Cambalan.
1671 J. Halfpenny Gentleman's Jocky 96 If you suffer her to be covered in February, March, or April, she will foal so rathe in the year.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1175n.21459adj.1OEadj.21548adv.eOE
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