† rateln.¹

Forms: 1500s ratel, 1500s ratyll.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French ratelle.

Etymology: < Middle French ratelle (13th cent. in Old French; French ratelle (now archaic)) < rate rate n.² + -elle -elle suffix; compare -el suffix². Compare earlier rottle n.¹

Obsolete. rare.

The spleen.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > spleen

milteOE

spleena1300

rottlec1450

rate1486

ratel1503

lien1651

1503 tr. Kalendayr Shyppars sig. i vi^v Cancer has lordshyp aboue..the stomak..the ratel [1506 Ratyll] and the lyghttys.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

rateln.²

Brit.

/ˈreɪtl/,

/ˈrɑːtl/, U.S.

/ˈreɪdl/,

/ˈrɑdl/

Forms: 1700s– ratel, 1800s rattel, 1800s rattle.

Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch ratel.

Etymology: < South African Dutch ratel (Afrikaans ratel ), of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Dutch raat honeycomb (see below); compare Dutch regional (Flanders) ratel honeycomb (1599 in Kiliaan). Compare earlier rattle-mouse n. 2.Dutch raat honeycomb (Old Dutch rāta , Middle Dutch rate ) is cognate with Old High German rāza (Middle High German rāze , rāz , German regional Roße , Roß ), further etymology uncertain. Alternatively, P. Kolb (in Caput Bonae Spei hodiernum (1719), the source translated in quot. 1731) identifies the name with Dutch ratel rattle n.¹, although his explanation (see quot. 1731) is apparently unfounded. It is, however, conceivable that the name could refer to the animal's harsh, growling cry. Compare:1835 J. W. D. Moodie Ten Years in S. Afr. 190 From its size, peculiar rattling cry, and general appearance, I at first thought it was a ‘ratel’ which is now well known to naturalists.

The honey badger, Mellivora capensis (family Mustelidae), native to Africa and southern Asia, which is black with a pale grey back, having powerful claws on the front feet and a diet that includes honey as well as insects and small vertebrates; = honey badger n. at honey n. and adj. Compounds 1b(b). Cf. honey ratel n.In Africa, noted for its association with a bird, the honeyguide, which attracts the ratel to bees' nests and feeds on the honey and larvae when the animal breaks them open (see quots. 1777, 1934, 2004).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Mellivora (honey badger)

rattle-mouse1731

ratel1777

honey badger1812

honey ratel1815

honeyeater1884

1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 124 With its tail..it makes now and then a rattling noise, and thence it is called the Rattle-mouse [Ger. Ratel-Maus].]

1777 A. Sparrman in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 67 43 Not only the Dutch and Hottentots, but likewise a species of quadruped, which the Dutch name a Ratel [Note, Probably a new species of badger], are frequently conducted to wild bee-hives by this bird.

1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope II. xiv. 179 The Ratel, so called in Africa both by the colonists and Hottentots.

1830 E. T. Bennett Gardens & Menagerie Zool. Soc. I. i. 16 In size the Ratel is about equal to the Badger, to which it also bears a distant resemblance in form.

1862 C. Rossetti Goblin Market (1884) 3 One like a ratel tumbled hurry-skurry.

1905 W. L. Sclater in W. Flint & J. D. F. Gilchrist Sci. in S. Afr. 127 The Ratel..causes much annoyance to the Colonial apiarist, throwing over the hives and destroying the combs in its efforts to obtain its favourite food.

1934 R. Campbell Broken Rec. v. 111 These birds are also allied with the ratel or honey-badger, who loudly converses and encourages the bird as it leads him on to the honey, and shares its haul with the bird as generously and conscientiously as a man does.

1975 H. B. Cott Looking at Animals iii. 73 Ratels are said to trot unhurriedly with a long, swinging stride.

2004 R. J. Huggett Fund. Biogeogr. (ed. 2) xi. 188 A remarkable example of protocooperation is the partnership between an African bird, the greater honey-guide (Indicator indicator), and a mammal, the honey badger or ratel.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ratel
释义	† rateln.¹ Forms: 1500s ratel, 1500s ratyll. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French ratelle. Etymology: < Middle French ratelle (13th cent. in Old French; French ratelle (now archaic)) < rate rate n.² + -elle -elle suffix; compare -el suffix². Compare earlier rottle n.¹ Obsolete. rare. The spleen. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > spleen milteOE spleena1300 rottlec1450 rate1486 ratel1503 lien1651 1503 tr. Kalendayr Shyppars sig. i vi^v Cancer has lordshyp aboue..the stomak..the ratel [1506 Ratyll] and the lyghttys. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2021). rateln.² Brit. /ˈreɪtl/, /ˈrɑːtl/, U.S. /ˈreɪdl/, /ˈrɑdl/ Forms: 1700s– ratel, 1800s rattel, 1800s rattle. Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch ratel. Etymology: < South African Dutch ratel (Afrikaans ratel ), of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Dutch raat honeycomb (see below); compare Dutch regional (Flanders) ratel honeycomb (1599 in Kiliaan). Compare earlier rattle-mouse n. 2.Dutch raat honeycomb (Old Dutch rāta , Middle Dutch rate ) is cognate with Old High German rāza (Middle High German rāze , rāz , German regional Roße , Roß ), further etymology uncertain. Alternatively, P. Kolb (in Caput Bonae Spei hodiernum (1719), the source translated in quot. 1731) identifies the name with Dutch ratel rattle n.¹, although his explanation (see quot. 1731) is apparently unfounded. It is, however, conceivable that the name could refer to the animal's harsh, growling cry. Compare:1835 J. W. D. Moodie Ten Years in S. Afr. 190 From its size, peculiar rattling cry, and general appearance, I at first thought it was a ‘ratel’ which is now well known to naturalists. The honey badger, Mellivora capensis (family Mustelidae), native to Africa and southern Asia, which is black with a pale grey back, having powerful claws on the front feet and a diet that includes honey as well as insects and small vertebrates; = honey badger n. at honey n. and adj. Compounds 1b(b). Cf. honey ratel n.In Africa, noted for its association with a bird, the honeyguide, which attracts the ratel to bees' nests and feeds on the honey and larvae when the animal breaks them open (see quots. 1777, 1934, 2004). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Mellivora (honey badger) rattle-mouse1731 ratel1777 honey badger1812 honey ratel1815 honeyeater1884 1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 124 With its tail..it makes now and then a rattling noise, and thence it is called the Rattle-mouse [Ger. Ratel-Maus].] 1777 A. Sparrman in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 67 43 Not only the Dutch and Hottentots, but likewise a species of quadruped, which the Dutch name a Ratel [Note, Probably a new species of badger], are frequently conducted to wild bee-hives by this bird. 1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope II. xiv. 179 The Ratel, so called in Africa both by the colonists and Hottentots. 1830 E. T. Bennett Gardens & Menagerie Zool. Soc. I. i. 16 In size the Ratel is about equal to the Badger, to which it also bears a distant resemblance in form. 1862 C. Rossetti Goblin Market (1884) 3 One like a ratel tumbled hurry-skurry. 1905 W. L. Sclater in W. Flint & J. D. F. Gilchrist Sci. in S. Afr. 127 The Ratel..causes much annoyance to the Colonial apiarist, throwing over the hives and destroying the combs in its efforts to obtain its favourite food. 1934 R. Campbell Broken Rec. v. 111 These birds are also allied with the ratel or honey-badger, who loudly converses and encourages the bird as it leads him on to the honey, and shares its haul with the bird as generously and conscientiously as a man does. 1975 H. B. Cott Looking at Animals iii. 73 Ratels are said to trot unhurriedly with a long, swinging stride. 2004 R. J. Huggett Fund. Biogeogr. (ed. 2) xi. 188 A remarkable example of protocooperation is the partnership between an African bird, the greater honey-guide (Indicator indicator), and a mammal, the honey badger or ratel. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1503n.²1777
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† rateln.1

rateln.2

† rateln.¹

rateln.²