Raphanusn.

Brit.

/ˈrafənəs/, U.S.

/ˈræfənəs/

Forms:

α. Middle English rafanus, Middle English– raphanus.

β. Middle English rafany, Middle English raphani.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin raphanus.

Etymology: < classical Latin raphanus radish < ancient Greek ῥάϕανος radish < the same base as ῥάϕυς , parallel form to Hellenistic Greek ῥάπυς turnip (see rape n.⁵) + -ανος , suffix seen in a number of plant names. Compare raphane n.In quot. ?a1450 at α. glossed as a word for turnip as a result of confusion with classical Latin rāpa turnip (see rape n.⁵). In β. forms after the Latin genitive singular form.

Botany.

Originally: †the root of the cultivated radish; (also) the root of the turnip (obsolete). In later use (in form Raphanus): a genus of plants of the family Brassicaceae, the members of which include the cultivated radish, R. sativus, and the wild radish, R. raphanistrum; (also raphanus) any plant of this genus.Valid publication of the genus name: Linnaeus Species plantarum(1753) II. 669.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Cruciferae (crucifers) > [noun] > other crucifers

Raphanusa1398

watercress?a1450

boor's mustard1548

dish-mustard1548

rocket1548

treacle mustard1548

heal-dog1551

Thlaspi1562

candy mustard1597

Grecian mustard1597

Italian rocket1597

knave's mustard1597

madwort1597

mithridate mustard1597

moonwort1597

mithridate1605

wall-rocket1611

broom-wort1614

candytuft1629

draba1629

Turkey cress1633

rock cress1650

shepherd's cress1713

pennycress1714

alyssum1731

arabis1756

tower mustard1760

faverel1770

molewort1770

stinkweed1793

wall cabbage1796

wall-cress1796

awl-wort1797

sickle-pod1846

Kerguelen cabbage1847

sun cress1848

sand rocket1854

wall mustard1904

buckler-mustard-

tower-cress-

α.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 230 He is y-leyde to wiþ raphanus [L. raphano] and a lite salt.

?a1450 tr. Macer Herbal (Stockh.) (1949) 132 (MED) Cockull grounden with rafanus [L. raphano], þat is with nepes, and a litle salt and þer-of made a plastre leyd to cancres wole clense hem and cure.

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. lvj, in Bulwarke of Defence It [sc. the radish] is properly called Raphanus, because it springeth sodainly.

1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations 109 Aristotle..saies: butterflies are made of worms, but these worms of green leaves; and especially of the leaves of that sort of Raphanus, which some call Brassica.

1727 S. Switzer Pract. Kitchen Gardiner iv. xxxvi. 190 The radish, raphanus, is the next esculent I shall produce under this section, being so useful in the kitchen.

1778 Encycl. Brit. III. 1795/1 Charlock, the English name of the Raphanus,..is a very troublesome weed among corn.

1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 303/1 Raphanus, a Brassicaceous or Cruciferous genus of plants, is only remarkable for containing the common radish, Raphanus sativus.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 796 It has since been shewn that the raphanus is never poisonous.

1930 Evening Tribune (Albert Lea, Minnesota) 22 Apr. 4/3 Another crucifer common in the garden is the radish. This botanically is a Raphanus.

1977 K. Esau Anat. Seed Plants (ed. 2) xx. 386/2 As recorded in Raphanus flowers, which have glandular stigmas with papillae, the pollen tube penetrates the cuticle of a stigmatic papilla before it begins to elongate.

2005 Plant Sci. 168 627/1 Several studies on the genetic diversities in Raphanus were performed using molecular markers.

β. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 276 (MED) Take þe seed of raphani [L. radicis raphani] & make it clene & kutte it ouerþwert in rollis.?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 107 A medicine for to porgyn þe stomak þat is colde..Take..percelly, rafany.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	raphanus
释义	Raphanusn. Brit. /ˈrafənəs/, U.S. /ˈræfənəs/ Forms: α. Middle English rafanus, Middle English– raphanus. β. Middle English rafany, Middle English raphani. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin raphanus. Etymology: < classical Latin raphanus radish < ancient Greek ῥάϕανος radish < the same base as ῥάϕυς , parallel form to Hellenistic Greek ῥάπυς turnip (see rape n.⁵) + -ανος , suffix seen in a number of plant names. Compare raphane n.In quot. ?a1450 at α. glossed as a word for turnip as a result of confusion with classical Latin rāpa turnip (see rape n.⁵). In β. forms after the Latin genitive singular form. Botany. Originally: †the root of the cultivated radish; (also) the root of the turnip (obsolete). In later use (in form Raphanus): a genus of plants of the family Brassicaceae, the members of which include the cultivated radish, R. sativus, and the wild radish, R. raphanistrum; (also raphanus) any plant of this genus.Valid publication of the genus name: Linnaeus Species plantarum(1753) II. 669. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Cruciferae (crucifers) > [noun] > other crucifers Raphanusa1398 watercress?a1450 boor's mustard1548 dish-mustard1548 rocket1548 treacle mustard1548 heal-dog1551 Thlaspi1562 candy mustard1597 Grecian mustard1597 Italian rocket1597 knave's mustard1597 madwort1597 mithridate mustard1597 moonwort1597 mithridate1605 wall-rocket1611 broom-wort1614 candytuft1629 draba1629 Turkey cress1633 rock cress1650 shepherd's cress1713 pennycress1714 alyssum1731 arabis1756 tower mustard1760 faverel1770 molewort1770 stinkweed1793 wall cabbage1796 wall-cress1796 awl-wort1797 sickle-pod1846 Kerguelen cabbage1847 sun cress1848 sand rocket1854 wall mustard1904 buckler-mustard- tower-cress- α. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 230 He is y-leyde to wiþ raphanus [L. raphano] and a lite salt. ?a1450 tr. Macer Herbal (Stockh.) (1949) 132 (MED) Cockull grounden with rafanus [L. raphano], þat is with nepes, and a litle salt and þer-of made a plastre leyd to cancres wole clense hem and cure. 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. lvj, in Bulwarke of Defence It [sc. the radish] is properly called Raphanus, because it springeth sodainly. 1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations 109 Aristotle..saies: butterflies are made of worms, but these worms of green leaves; and especially of the leaves of that sort of Raphanus, which some call Brassica. 1727 S. Switzer Pract. Kitchen Gardiner iv. xxxvi. 190 The radish, raphanus, is the next esculent I shall produce under this section, being so useful in the kitchen. 1778 Encycl. Brit. III. 1795/1 Charlock, the English name of the Raphanus,..is a very troublesome weed among corn. 1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 303/1 Raphanus, a Brassicaceous or Cruciferous genus of plants, is only remarkable for containing the common radish, Raphanus sativus. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 796 It has since been shewn that the raphanus is never poisonous. 1930 Evening Tribune (Albert Lea, Minnesota) 22 Apr. 4/3 Another crucifer common in the garden is the radish. This botanically is a Raphanus. 1977 K. Esau Anat. Seed Plants (ed. 2) xx. 386/2 As recorded in Raphanus flowers, which have glandular stigmas with papillae, the pollen tube penetrates the cuticle of a stigmatic papilla before it begins to elongate. 2005 Plant Sci. 168 627/1 Several studies on the genetic diversities in Raphanus were performed using molecular markers. β. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 276 (MED) Take þe seed of raphani [L. radicis raphani] & make it clene & kutte it ouerþwert in rollis.?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 107 A medicine for to porgyn þe stomak þat is colde..Take..percelly, rafany. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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