raikn.¹

Brit.

/reɪk/, U.S.

/reɪk/, Scottish English

/rek/

Forms: Middle English raike, Middle English reyke, Middle English–1500s rayke, 1600s– rake (chiefly regional); English regional 1800s– raake (Lincolnshire), 1800s– raik (northern), 1800s– raike (northern); Scottish pre-1700 rayk, pre-1700 rayke, pre-1700 1700s raick, pre-1700 1700s– raik, pre-1700 1800s raike, 1700s ryke (Ayrshire, rare), 1700s– rake, 1800s reck.

Origin: Partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: raik v.

Etymology: Originally < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic reik action of walking, strolling) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic reika raik v. In later use also directly < raik v. From the 17th cent. onwards sometimes apprehended as the same word as rake n.³In Middle English and early modern English predominantly a north midland and northern word.

In later use chiefly Scottish and English regional (north midlands and northern).

a. The action or an act of going or walking about; one's course or way; a journey, a way. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [noun] > travelling about

raik?c1350

perambulation?c1500

coursing1569

pererration1611

society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun]

forec900

wayOE

farec1000

sitheOE

gangOE

journey?c1225

gatea1300

pilgrimagec1300

voyage1338

wending1340

raik?c1350

turna1400

repairc1425

went1430

reisea1450

progressionc1450

progressa1460

race1513

peregrination1548

travel1559

passance1580

dogtrot1856

trek1895

ulendo1921

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun]

lodeOE

wayOE

gatea1300

tracea1300

raik?c1350

coursec1380

racec1390

line1426

fairwayc1440

tradec1480

voye1541

tract1555

track1565

career?1614

?c1350 Ballad Sc. Wars 123 in A. Brandl & O. Zippel Mitteleng. Sprach- u. Literaturproben (1917) 138 (MED) So lange þe Lebard loves þe layke..And lates þe Lion have his raike, Wit werke in werdl, als he wille.

1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 73 Ȝe ȝave nevere tale, that ȝe myȝten have ȝour reyke and prechen what ȝou list.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 427 Reyke, or royt, ydylle walky[n]ge abowt [?a1475 Winch. reyke or royke], discursus, vagacio.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2985 (MED) Sir Wawaynne..Rydes on a rawndoune and his rayke holdes.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Qii^v/2 Rayke, ambulacrum.

a1640 T. Jackson Μαραν Αθα (1657) 3409 In that region wherein the clouds have their Rake.

1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. i. sig. Mmm/1 Sillage,..Course, the Rake, or Run of a Ship, her Way forward on.

1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. (at cited word) A long raik, i.e. a great journey.

1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake ii. xiii. 192 The wolf and the kid their raike began.

1827 C. I. Johnstone Elizabeth de Bruce I. vi That will keep the lasses greeting till my next raik to the burrows-toun.

1890 Lincs. Notes & Queries July 68 Ther'll be noä betterment while the feäver's run it raake.

1924 I. Adair Glowerower 70 She ay makes a rake in to hear the latest.

1988 R. Vettese Richt Noise 13 It's my weird's caa, or sae I blaw, tae show whit it micht be, This leid, yased aricht. That's mebbe a fraik But's the brag that sets me oot on this raik.

1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 239/1 Iffen us cant stop it ner nowt, it'll jest atter run its raik then.

b. Scottish and English regional (chiefly northern). The action or an act of moving along or about on the part of grazing livestock.

ΚΠ

1799 Edinb. Weekly Jrnl. 15 May The stock has had a stinted subsistence upon bare pastures, or at best a rake upon new sown grases.

1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. The cattle had a good rake ower yon common.

1949 Notes for Farmers 23 Mar. Wherever new drains are to be laid on try to have them put on to run the same way as the heft of sheep go on their rake out and in.

2. Scottish and English regional (chiefly northern). The space of ground over which livestock usually move or graze; pastureland. Also: right of pasture. Frequently in place names. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in east central Scotland in 1967.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture

leasowc950

leasea1000

pasturea1300

common pasturea1325

grassland1324

laund1340

lea1357

gang1413

feedingc1430

grassa1500

raika1500

beast-gate1507

pasturagec1515

grazing1517

average1537

pasture groundc1537

walk1549

grassing1557

pastural1575

browsing1577

feed1580

pastureland1591

meadow pasture1614

green side1616

range1626

pastorage1628

tore1707

graziery1731

pasturing1759

permanent pasture1771

sweet-veld1785

walk land1797

run1804

sweet-grass1812

potrero1822

pasturage land1855

turn-out1895

lawn1899

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) vii. l. 916 Þat lande, þai oyssit all Þe Baris Rayk al tyme to call.

1591 Manor Records in E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (1877) 201/1 [There was a place in the Manor of Scotter called] Long Rayke.

1641 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1886) IV. A place called le Cow Raikes.

1724 MS. Survey, Lower Brunton in Northumb. Gloss. It pays 13s. 4d...yearly for what is call'd a Rake for their cattle in Tuggle Moore.

1728 in H. Best Rural Econ. in Yorks. (1857) 174 (note) This walk or rake for my tenants' sheep upon Cottom Pry or Monk Lees.

1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. 220 On the heights they are heaviest, and sell for 1s or 1s 6d. a head dearer than those on the lower sheep rakes.

1824 A. Crawford Tales of my Grandmother (1825) I. 103 An' I thocht in my dream that my father had gane away to the Dreigh Brae, to bring down the hogs to the sheloch reck.

1895 D. H. Edwards Around Anc. City 176 Crossing the ‘Cattle Rake’ which before the days of railways was the droving road between Aberdeen and Perth.

1911 A. Warrack Scots Dial. Dict. Raik, the extent of a pasturage for sheep or cattle.

1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 101/1 Rake, the right of stray..or of pasture.

3. Scottish. = rake n.³ 7. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Caithness, Morayshire, Banffshire, and central and southern Scotland in 1967.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > a load as a quantity > amount carried in single journey

raik1574

rake1751

1574–5 Treasurer's Accts. Burgh Haddington 16 Symsonis cart with thre hors thre raikis fra Abirlady.

1623 in Records Peebles (1872) 412 To bring vp the vther tua trieis with his hors and his oxine, pryce ewerie raike thretie tua s.

1680 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 60 Agreed 11 instant w^t George to keep my house till whitsunday, and doe anie work for 16^lib 1^lib10^s for shoes and a raik of y^e horse of y^e coalls.

1751 in H. Hamilton Select. Monymusk Papers (1945) 47 One rake of six horses shall be given annually to the Heritor if required for lime,..four raik of six horses each for grain.

1818 W. Scott Lett. (1933) V. 160 A pair of horses may drive 8 raik a day at an average which is 16 cart load.

1888 R. Lawson Ailsa Craig 50 An old Girvan fisherman once declared ‘They [sc. puffins] come 12 raik a day, and 156 million thousand at a raik!’

1911 A. Warrack Scots Dial. Dict. Raik,..what a person can cart or carry at a time from one place to another.

1919 Kelso Chron. 14 Mar. 4 Dan seldom failed to get up beside the youth in the cart and go ‘raiks’ with him.

2012 D. C. Purdie in Lallans 81 90 Wheelin' barries ower the site,..Raik on raik, frae here tae there.

Compounds

† raik-rent n. English regional (northern). Obsolete rare a toll or charge for right of pasture.

ΚΠ

1744 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1890) VIII. 111 A rake-rent of 10s. for leave to graze their cattle upon Raskelf Moor.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

raikn.²

Brit.

/reɪk/, U.S.

/reɪk/, Scottish English

/rek/

Forms: pre-1700 raike, pre-1700 recke, pre-1700 reik, pre-1700 1700s raick, pre-1700 1700s– raik, 1700s rake, 1700s reack.

Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rake n.³

Etymology: Apparently originally a variant of rake n.³, now distinguished in form in the sense below. Compare earlier rack n.⁵ 1.

Scottish (north-eastern). Now historical.

A stretch or reach of a river, used for salmon fishing. In later use frequently in raik fishing. Cf. rack n.⁵ 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > part for fishing

stella1128

raik1477

salmon fishing1588

swim1828

1477 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 114 Le Raik.

1500–1 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. 476 Ane pretendit assedacione..of the half net of the fisching of the watter of the raike.

1592 in J. M. Thomson Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1888) V. 743/2 Lie Raik de Abirdene.

1677 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1961) VI. 118 Ane salmond fishing upon the water of Die called the raik and stells which is at the mouth of the said harbor.

1721 in Aberdeen Jrnl. Notes & Queries (1915) 8 77/1 Given Thomas Spark 6 shil. in earnist to be my halfnets man in the Reack next yeir.

1763 Caledonian Mercury 9 July 328 The Salmon Fishings opposite to the town of Garmouth, upon the water of Spey,..called the Haven. Pot, Rake, and Currach cobles fishings.

1813 R. Stevenson (title) Report to the Earl of Aberdeen and the other proprietors of the ‘Raik’ and ‘Stell’ fishings of the River Dee.

1824 Edinb. Advertiser 14 Sept. 169/1 (advt.) There will be Let..one whole nets salmon fishing, in the Raik and Stells of Dee.

2006 H. Bilsby River Dee: Stock Component Rev. (River Dee Trust) 8 The Raik and Stell sea fishery was in operation until 1986. It was a fixed engine fishery consisting of bag nets at the mouth of the River Dee and stake nets in Aberdeen Bay.

Compounds

raik dike n. a dam built across a raik.

ΚΠ

1818 Edinb. Advertiser 30 June 415/2 A young man..went to bathe in that deep and rapid part of the Dee..at the extremity of the Raik Dyke.

1845 New Statist. Acct. Scotl. XII. 804 A little below the church a raik dike has been formed in the middle of the river, in the shape of a horse-shoe.

1972 A. Keith Thousand Years Aberdeen iv. v. 324 In 1831 the Raik dyke which prevented water from the Dee from flowing past Torry was opened up.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

raikv.

Brit.

/reɪk/, U.S.

/reɪk/, Scottish English

/rek/

Forms: Middle English raicke, Middle English raike, Middle English raike, Middle English rayk, Middle English rayke, Middle English reyk, Middle English–1500s reyke, Middle English–1600s 1800s– raik, late Middle English roicond (present participle, probably transmission error), late Middle English roikede (past tense, probably transmission error), late Middle English rykande (present participle, probably transmission error), 1700s– rake (chiefly regional); Scottish pre-1700 rayk, pre-1700 reik, pre-1700 1700s– raik, pre-1700 1700s– rake, 1800s raike, 1800s– raak (Shetland), 1800s– raek (Shetland), 1900s– ræk (Shetland), 1900s– rek (Shetland).

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic reika, Faroese reika, Norwegian reike, all in sense ‘to walk about, stroll, roam, wander’); further etymology uncertain. In Orkney and Shetland use probably partly via the unattested Norn reflex of the early Scandinavian word represented by the Scandinavian forms listed above.In Middle English predominantly a north midland and northern word. In sense 1 not always clearly distinguishable from rake v.¹ 2 (see discussion at that entry).

In later use chiefly Scottish and English regional (north midlands and northern).

1. To go, proceed, move forward; to walk, stroll, roam; to wander; to stray.

a. intransitive. Of an animal. Also (esp. of sheep): to graze.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by locomotion > locomotion of animals > [verb (intransitive)] > move about

raika1250

rakec1460

dance?1515

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 40 As mon dos þe custel to þe ku oðer to þe beast þat is to raikinde [?c1225 Cleo. to reachinde, c1230 Corpus Cambr. to recchinde, a1400 Pepys a rayker].

a1425 (?a1350) Seven Sages (Galba) (1907) 977 (MED) A beste fra him was raiked oway; He went to seke it al a day.

a1475 Sir Gawain & Carl Carlisle (1951) 110 (MED) Barrons gan her hornnus blowe, The der cam reykynge on a rowe, Bothe hert and eke heynde.

a1500 Tomas of Ersseldoune (Cambr. Ff.5.48) (1875) l. 375 (MED) Lat þe dere reyke ouer þe londe; ther is a herde in holtely.

a1505 R. Henryson Robene & Makyne 12 in Poems (1981) 176 I..keipis my scheip vndir ȝone wid; Lo quhair thay raik on raw.

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo 643 in Wks. (1931) I The fallow deir, to see thame raik on rawe.

a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) f. 373, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rake Gif thi nychtbouris beist be fundin rakand [L. aberrans pecus], thow sal deliuer it to the awnare.

1661 in C. S. Romanes Sel. Rec. Regality of Melrose (1914) I. 343 Ane hogge..raikeing to the grund of Craikfuird..the said John refuses to delyver the same.

1717 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1890) VIII. 100 For permitting John Thompson's sheep to rake upon the forest.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Raik,..2. Applied to cattle, when they will not settle on their proper pasture, but move off to the corn, &c. Then they are said to be raikin.

1862 J. G. Smith Old Churchyard 177 He [sc. a cat] ne'er was gi'en to raik at nicht.

1962 Jrnl. Ecol. 50 652 Good grazing habits must be taught to the sheep, that they should be made to ‘rake’, or graze over all the area of their heft.

1988 G. Lamb Orkney Wordbk. Rake, to wander or prowl about.

†b. intransitive. Of a thing. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > go on foot [verb (intransitive)] > leisurely or idly

raik?c1350

troll1377

spacea1425

jet1530

spacierc1550

snaffle1611

spatiate1626

saunter1671

stroll1680

trollopa1745

dangle1778

doiter1793

stroam1796

browse1803

soodle1821

potter1824

streek1827

streel1839

pasear1840

toddle1848

bummel1900

?c1350 Ballad Sc. Wars 249 in A. Brandl & O. Zippel Mitteleng. Sprach- u. Literaturproben (1917) 140 Þan sal reson raike and ride, And wisdome be ware es best.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 112 Þe water con swepe, Wyth a rownande rourde raykande aryȝt.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 4891 (MED) Thurgh þis fire þat þus sal rayke obout Þe face of þe erth sal brin with-out.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 627 Thar schip..Raykyt slidand throw the se.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) lxxxv. 5 Thai suffire thaire hert to rayke in ydel thoghtis.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 3048 Hir chekes..as the chalke white, As the rose, was the rud þat raiked hom in.

1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 214 Lat the cop raik for my bennysoun.

1616 Sheriff Court Bk. Shetland f. 34, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) That within few dayis the said Ola his bones sould be raiking about the bankis.

c. intransitive. Of a person.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > speedily

rakeOE

rekec1275

raikc1390

richc1400

freck1513

to hie it1620

whidc1730

scoot1758

spank1807

kilt1816

nip1825

slip1864

breeze1907

bomb1966

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (intransitive)] > with no fixed aim or wander

wharvec890

woreOE

wandera1000

rengec1230

wagc1325

roamc1330

errc1374

raikc1390

ravec1390

rumblec1400

rollc1405

railc1425

roit1440

waverc1440

rangea1450

rove1481

to-waver1487

vaguea1525

evague1533

rangle1567

to go a-strayinga1586

vagary1598

divagate1599

obambulate1614

vagitate1614

ramble1615

divage1623

pererrate1623

squander1630

peramble1632

rink1710

ratch1801

browse1803

vagrate1807

bum1857

piroot1858

scamander1864

truck1864

bat1867

vagrant1886

float1901

vagulate1918

pissant1945

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move with urgent speed

rempeOE

fuseOE

rakeOE

hiec1175

i-fusec1275

rekec1275

hastec1300

pellc1300

platc1300

startc1300

buskc1330

rapc1330

rapec1330

skip1338

firk1340

chase1377

raikc1390

to hie one's waya1400

catchc1400

start?a1505

spur1513

hasten1534

to make speed1548

post1553

hurry1602

scud1602

curry1608

to put on?1611

properate1623

post-haste1628

whirryc1630

dust1650

kite1854

to get a move on1888

to hump it1888

belt1890

to get (or put) one's skates on1895

hotfoot1896

to rattle one's dags1968

shimmy1969

c1390 Body & Soul (Vernon) (1889) 90 (MED) Þou me lete reyke [Add rayken] norþ and souþe, And hauen al my wille in wold.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 20798 (MED) It es better to be stell þan raik [a1400 Göt raicke] on reson þat es will.

a1425 Daily Work (Arun.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 140 Þas þat eauer raikis [c1440 Thornton raykand] aboute to fede þaire wittis with vanitees and lustis.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 226 On the morne thes senatours rayked unto Rome.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 40 The men of weir..In gude array come raikand fra the schoir.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 349 He raikis throuch the hail realme.

c1650 (a1500) Eger & Grime (Percy) (1933) 474 Sir Grahame about his bed reiked.

1669 Hist. Sir Eger 31 He said, Nay, he needed none, But raiked forth, his way is gone.

1723 B. Mandeville Fable Bees (ed. 2) i. 305 Keep their Children in awe, and never suffer them to rake about the Streets, and lie out a-Nights.

1813 E. Picken Misc. Poems I. 13 Come, kiss your Kate, an' rake nae mair.

1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 92 Ilk half gang raikin round the wa', Ane north, the tither westlins ga.

1869 A. C. Gibson Folk-speech Cumberland Gloss. 219 They ga rakin aboot widoot ayder eerand or aim.

1895 W. C. Fraser Whaups of Durley xii. 155 The way you toon's bodies rake aboot through the glens and ower the hilltaps is daft-like.

1920 E. Pound Umbra 112 To her I raik, Sole her.

1937 O. St. J. Gogarty As I was going down Sackville St. 5 Quaintly he came raiking out of Molesworth Street into Kildare Street.

1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. 69/2 Shö göd aboot raikin fae hoose ta hoose.

1998 E. Martin in S. Champion & D. Scannell Shenanigans (1999) vi. 99 We bring them up and just let them rake about for an hour.

2003 B. Holton tr. Qu Yuan Nine Sangs iv, in Birthday Bk. for Brother Stone iii. 286 A'll raik on a whylie, ay, ti play on in pleisure.

†2. transitive (reflexive). To make one's way, set out. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (reflexive)]

wendeOE

meteOE

drawc1175

flitc1175

do?c1225

kenc1275

teemc1275

movec1300

graitha1325

dightc1330

redec1330

windc1330

yieldc1330

dressa1375

raikc1400

winc1400

pass?a1425

get1492

tirec1540

flitch?1567

frame1576

betake1639

rely1641

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 465 (MED) Þe raven raykez hym forth.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1735 (MED) Þe lady..ros hir vp radly, rayked hir þeder.

a1500 (a1425) Metrical Life St. Robert of Knaresborough (1953) 794 (MED) Agayn Sayntt Robertt rayked hym then.

†a. transitive. Scottish. To make (one's way); to pursue or take (a way). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)]

stretcha1225

turnc1275

ready?a1400

seta1400

incline?c1400

apply?a1425

raika1500

rechec1540

make1548

address1554

frame1576

bend1579

to shape one's course1593

intend1596

tend1611

direct1632

steer1815

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 3463 Þe ded body rasse..And raykit of þe kyrk his way.

1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 295 [He] To the Empreour the hie way raikit richt.

b. transitive. Originally and chiefly Scottish. To wander through or over (a place). Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Shetland, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Perthshire, and Kirkcudbrightshire in 1967.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (transitive)] > wander (one's way, etc.) > wander in, over, or about

peramble1508

rove1537

wander?1573

enrange1596

roam1603

stray1613

ramble1679

raika1730

overwander1821

pervagate1871

a1730 A. Pennecuik Compl. Coll. Poems (?1750) ii. 66 As if the very Streets you raked, Wi' Skin sae Blae.

1795 A. M. L. Budget! 12 Sure you no longer wish to rake the streets.

1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake ii. xiii. 191 To raike the lanely glen.

1836 J. Affleck Poet. Wks. 124 Aff ye set to raik the moors.

1899 S. R. Crockett Little Anna Mark xliii Tip our cat that rakes the roofs in the midnight.

1905 S. R. Crockett Cherry Ribband xxv. 181 It's no for a young lass like you to rake the streets o' Edinburgh by your lane.

1912 G. Cunningham Verse: maistly in Doric 69 Tearin their duds Wi' rakin' on Sundays the fields and the wuds.

1932 A. Horsbøl tr. J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland II. 688/2 To rek de landimors, to gad about, to rove idly (prop. ‘near the boundary lines’).

Derivatives

ˈraiking n. and adj.

ΚΠ

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 382 Never cowþe stynt..þe raykande wawez.

a1425 Daily Work (Arun.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 140 Thre maners of occupacions are, as..Raykyng aboute [c1440 Thornton in vtwith raykyng].

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 199 A refing sonne off rakyng Muris Hes magellit my making throw his malis.

?c1625 in E. Beveridge & J. D. Westwood Fergusson's Sc. Prov. (1924) No. 214 A raiking roke spinis not weil.

1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck I. 139 How could we turn our hand wi' our pickle hoggs i' winter if their bit foggage war a' riven up by the auld raikin hypalts?

1888 B. R. Anderson Broken Lights 82 Or whan da mists lay ower da hill Till raikin' dogs wid even will.

1988 W. A. D. Riach Galloway Gloss. 36 Raiken, aimless visiting around.

2004 S. Blackhall Katy Crocodile 14 Will she win hame wi a beak an caimb, Efter her meenlicht raikin?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹?c1350

n.²1477

v.a1250

单词	raik
释义	raikn.¹ Brit. /reɪk/, U.S. /reɪk/, Scottish English /rek/ Forms: Middle English raike, Middle English reyke, Middle English–1500s rayke, 1600s– rake (chiefly regional); English regional 1800s– raake (Lincolnshire), 1800s– raik (northern), 1800s– raike (northern); Scottish pre-1700 rayk, pre-1700 rayke, pre-1700 1700s raick, pre-1700 1700s– raik, pre-1700 1800s raike, 1700s ryke (Ayrshire, rare), 1700s– rake, 1800s reck. Origin: Partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: raik v. Etymology: Originally < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic reik action of walking, strolling) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic reika raik v. In later use also directly < raik v. From the 17th cent. onwards sometimes apprehended as the same word as rake n.³In Middle English and early modern English predominantly a north midland and northern word. In later use chiefly Scottish and English regional (north midlands and northern). 1. a. The action or an act of going or walking about; one's course or way; a journey, a way. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [noun] > travelling about raik?c1350 perambulation?c1500 coursing1569 pererration1611 society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] forec900 wayOE farec1000 sitheOE gangOE journey?c1225 gatea1300 pilgrimagec1300 voyage1338 wending1340 raik?c1350 turna1400 repairc1425 went1430 reisea1450 progressionc1450 progressa1460 race1513 peregrination1548 travel1559 passance1580 dogtrot1856 trek1895 ulendo1921 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun] lodeOE wayOE gatea1300 tracea1300 raik?c1350 coursec1380 coursec1380 racec1390 line1426 fairwayc1440 tradec1480 voye1541 tract1555 track1565 career?1614 ?c1350 Ballad Sc. Wars 123 in A. Brandl & O. Zippel Mitteleng. Sprach- u. Literaturproben (1917) 138 (MED) So lange þe Lebard loves þe layke..And lates þe Lion have his raike, Wit werke in werdl, als he wille. 1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 73 Ȝe ȝave nevere tale, that ȝe myȝten have ȝour reyke and prechen what ȝou list. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 427 Reyke, or royt, ydylle walky[n]ge abowt [?a1475 Winch. reyke or royke], discursus, vagacio. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2985 (MED) Sir Wawaynne..Rydes on a rawndoune and his rayke holdes. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Qii^v/2 Rayke, ambulacrum. a1640 T. Jackson Μαραν Αθα (1657) 3409 In that region wherein the clouds have their Rake. 1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. i. sig. Mmm/1 Sillage,..Course, the Rake, or Run of a Ship, her Way forward on. 1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. (at cited word) A long raik, i.e. a great journey. 1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake ii. xiii. 192 The wolf and the kid their raike began. 1827 C. I. Johnstone Elizabeth de Bruce I. vi That will keep the lasses greeting till my next raik to the burrows-toun. 1890 Lincs. Notes & Queries July 68 Ther'll be noä betterment while the feäver's run it raake. 1924 I. Adair Glowerower 70 She ay makes a rake in to hear the latest. 1988 R. Vettese Richt Noise 13 It's my weird's caa, or sae I blaw, tae show whit it micht be, This leid, yased aricht. That's mebbe a fraik But's the brag that sets me oot on this raik. 1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 239/1 Iffen us cant stop it ner nowt, it'll jest atter run its raik then. b. Scottish and English regional (chiefly northern). The action or an act of moving along or about on the part of grazing livestock. ΚΠ 1799 Edinb. Weekly Jrnl. 15 May The stock has had a stinted subsistence upon bare pastures, or at best a rake upon new sown grases. 1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. The cattle had a good rake ower yon common. 1949 Notes for Farmers 23 Mar. Wherever new drains are to be laid on try to have them put on to run the same way as the heft of sheep go on their rake out and in. 2. Scottish and English regional (chiefly northern). The space of ground over which livestock usually move or graze; pastureland. Also: right of pasture. Frequently in place names. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in east central Scotland in 1967. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture leasowc950 leasea1000 pasturea1300 common pasturea1325 grassland1324 laund1340 lea1357 gang1413 feedingc1430 grassa1500 raika1500 beast-gate1507 pasturagec1515 grazing1517 average1537 pasture groundc1537 walk1549 grassing1557 pastural1575 browsing1577 feed1580 pastureland1591 meadow pasture1614 green side1616 range1626 pastorage1628 tore1707 graziery1731 pasturing1759 permanent pasture1771 sweet-veld1785 walk land1797 run1804 sweet-grass1812 potrero1822 pasturage land1855 turn-out1895 lawn1899 a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) vii. l. 916 Þat lande, þai oyssit all Þe Baris Rayk al tyme to call. 1591 Manor Records in E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (1877) 201/1 [There was a place in the Manor of Scotter called] Long Rayke. 1641 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1886) IV. A place called le Cow Raikes. 1724 MS. Survey, Lower Brunton in Northumb. Gloss. It pays 13s. 4d...yearly for what is call'd a Rake for their cattle in Tuggle Moore. 1728 in H. Best Rural Econ. in Yorks. (1857) 174 (note) This walk or rake for my tenants' sheep upon Cottom Pry or Monk Lees. 1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. 220 On the heights they are heaviest, and sell for 1s or 1s 6d. a head dearer than those on the lower sheep rakes. 1824 A. Crawford Tales of my Grandmother (1825) I. 103 An' I thocht in my dream that my father had gane away to the Dreigh Brae, to bring down the hogs to the sheloch reck. 1895 D. H. Edwards Around Anc. City 176 Crossing the ‘Cattle Rake’ which before the days of railways was the droving road between Aberdeen and Perth. 1911 A. Warrack Scots Dial. Dict. Raik, the extent of a pasturage for sheep or cattle. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 101/1 Rake, the right of stray..or of pasture. 3. Scottish. = rake n.³ 7. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Caithness, Morayshire, Banffshire, and central and southern Scotland in 1967. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > a load as a quantity > amount carried in single journey raik1574 rake1751 1574–5 Treasurer's Accts. Burgh Haddington 16 Symsonis cart with thre hors thre raikis fra Abirlady. 1623 in Records Peebles (1872) 412 To bring vp the vther tua trieis with his hors and his oxine, pryce ewerie raike thretie tua s. 1680 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 60 Agreed 11 instant w^t George to keep my house till whitsunday, and doe anie work for 16^lib 1^lib10^s for shoes and a raik of y^e horse of y^e coalls. 1751 in H. Hamilton Select. Monymusk Papers (1945) 47 One rake of six horses shall be given annually to the Heritor if required for lime,..four raik of six horses each for grain. 1818 W. Scott Lett. (1933) V. 160 A pair of horses may drive 8 raik a day at an average which is 16 cart load. 1888 R. Lawson Ailsa Craig 50 An old Girvan fisherman once declared ‘They [sc. puffins] come 12 raik a day, and 156 million thousand at a raik!’ 1911 A. Warrack Scots Dial. Dict. Raik,..what a person can cart or carry at a time from one place to another. 1919 Kelso Chron. 14 Mar. 4 Dan seldom failed to get up beside the youth in the cart and go ‘raiks’ with him. 2012 D. C. Purdie in Lallans 81 90 Wheelin' barries ower the site,..Raik on raik, frae here tae there. Compounds † raik-rent n. English regional (northern). Obsolete rare a toll or charge for right of pasture. ΚΠ 1744 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1890) VIII. 111 A rake-rent of 10s. for leave to graze their cattle upon Raskelf Moor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). raikn.² Brit. /reɪk/, U.S. /reɪk/, Scottish English /rek/ Forms: pre-1700 raike, pre-1700 recke, pre-1700 reik, pre-1700 1700s raick, pre-1700 1700s– raik, 1700s rake, 1700s reack. Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rake n.³ Etymology: Apparently originally a variant of rake n.³, now distinguished in form in the sense below. Compare earlier rack n.⁵ 1. Scottish (north-eastern). Now historical. A stretch or reach of a river, used for salmon fishing. In later use frequently in raik fishing. Cf. rack n.⁵ 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > part for fishing stella1128 raik1477 salmon fishing1588 swim1828 1477 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 114 Le Raik. 1500–1 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. 476 Ane pretendit assedacione..of the half net of the fisching of the watter of the raike. 1592 in J. M. Thomson Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1888) V. 743/2 Lie Raik de Abirdene. 1677 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1961) VI. 118 Ane salmond fishing upon the water of Die called the raik and stells which is at the mouth of the said harbor. 1721 in Aberdeen Jrnl. Notes & Queries (1915) 8 77/1 Given Thomas Spark 6 shil. in earnist to be my halfnets man in the Reack next yeir. 1763 Caledonian Mercury 9 July 328 The Salmon Fishings opposite to the town of Garmouth, upon the water of Spey,..called the Haven. Pot, Rake, and Currach cobles fishings. 1813 R. Stevenson (title) Report to the Earl of Aberdeen and the other proprietors of the ‘Raik’ and ‘Stell’ fishings of the River Dee. 1824 Edinb. Advertiser 14 Sept. 169/1 (advt.) There will be Let..one whole nets salmon fishing, in the Raik and Stells of Dee. 2006 H. Bilsby River Dee: Stock Component Rev. (River Dee Trust) 8 The Raik and Stell sea fishery was in operation until 1986. It was a fixed engine fishery consisting of bag nets at the mouth of the River Dee and stake nets in Aberdeen Bay. Compounds raik dike n. a dam built across a raik. ΚΠ 1818 Edinb. Advertiser 30 June 415/2 A young man..went to bathe in that deep and rapid part of the Dee..at the extremity of the Raik Dyke. 1845 New Statist. Acct. Scotl. XII. 804 A little below the church a raik dike has been formed in the middle of the river, in the shape of a horse-shoe. 1972 A. Keith Thousand Years Aberdeen iv. v. 324 In 1831 the Raik dyke which prevented water from the Dee from flowing past Torry was opened up. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). raikv. Brit. /reɪk/, U.S. /reɪk/, Scottish English /rek/ Forms: Middle English raicke, Middle English raike, Middle English raike, Middle English rayk, Middle English rayke, Middle English reyk, Middle English–1500s reyke, Middle English–1600s 1800s– raik, late Middle English roicond (present participle, probably transmission error), late Middle English roikede (past tense, probably transmission error), late Middle English rykande (present participle, probably transmission error), 1700s– rake (chiefly regional); Scottish pre-1700 rayk, pre-1700 reik, pre-1700 1700s– raik, pre-1700 1700s– rake, 1800s raike, 1800s– raak (Shetland), 1800s– raek (Shetland), 1900s– ræk (Shetland), 1900s– rek (Shetland). Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic reika, Faroese reika, Norwegian reike, all in sense ‘to walk about, stroll, roam, wander’); further etymology uncertain. In Orkney and Shetland use probably partly via the unattested Norn reflex of the early Scandinavian word represented by the Scandinavian forms listed above.In Middle English predominantly a north midland and northern word. In sense 1 not always clearly distinguishable from rake v.¹ 2 (see discussion at that entry). In later use chiefly Scottish and English regional (north midlands and northern). 1. To go, proceed, move forward; to walk, stroll, roam; to wander; to stray. a. intransitive. Of an animal. Also (esp. of sheep): to graze. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by locomotion > locomotion of animals > [verb (intransitive)] > move about raika1250 rakec1460 dance?1515 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 40 As mon dos þe custel to þe ku oðer to þe beast þat is to raikinde [?c1225 Cleo. to reachinde, c1230 Corpus Cambr. to recchinde, a1400 Pepys a rayker]. a1425 (?a1350) Seven Sages (Galba) (1907) 977 (MED) A beste fra him was raiked oway; He went to seke it al a day. a1475 Sir Gawain & Carl Carlisle (1951) 110 (MED) Barrons gan her hornnus blowe, The der cam reykynge on a rowe, Bothe hert and eke heynde. a1500 Tomas of Ersseldoune (Cambr. Ff.5.48) (1875) l. 375 (MED) Lat þe dere reyke ouer þe londe; ther is a herde in holtely. a1505 R. Henryson Robene & Makyne 12 in Poems (1981) 176 I..keipis my scheip vndir ȝone wid; Lo quhair thay raik on raw. 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo 643 in Wks. (1931) I The fallow deir, to see thame raik on rawe. a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) f. 373, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rake Gif thi nychtbouris beist be fundin rakand [L. aberrans pecus], thow sal deliuer it to the awnare. 1661 in C. S. Romanes Sel. Rec. Regality of Melrose (1914) I. 343 Ane hogge..raikeing to the grund of Craikfuird..the said John refuses to delyver the same. 1717 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1890) VIII. 100 For permitting John Thompson's sheep to rake upon the forest. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Raik,..2. Applied to cattle, when they will not settle on their proper pasture, but move off to the corn, &c. Then they are said to be raikin. 1862 J. G. Smith Old Churchyard 177 He [sc. a cat] ne'er was gi'en to raik at nicht. 1962 Jrnl. Ecol. 50 652 Good grazing habits must be taught to the sheep, that they should be made to ‘rake’, or graze over all the area of their heft. 1988 G. Lamb Orkney Wordbk. Rake, to wander or prowl about. †b. intransitive. Of a thing. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > go on foot [verb (intransitive)] > leisurely or idly raik?c1350 troll1377 spacea1425 jet1530 spacierc1550 snaffle1611 spatiate1626 saunter1671 stroll1680 trollopa1745 dangle1778 doiter1793 stroam1796 browse1803 soodle1821 potter1824 streek1827 streel1839 pasear1840 toddle1848 bummel1900 ?c1350 Ballad Sc. Wars 249 in A. Brandl & O. Zippel Mitteleng. Sprach- u. Literaturproben (1917) 140 Þan sal reson raike and ride, And wisdome be ware es best. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 112 Þe water con swepe, Wyth a rownande rourde raykande aryȝt. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 4891 (MED) Thurgh þis fire þat þus sal rayke obout Þe face of þe erth sal brin with-out. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 627 Thar schip..Raykyt slidand throw the se. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) lxxxv. 5 Thai suffire thaire hert to rayke in ydel thoghtis. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 3048 Hir chekes..as the chalke white, As the rose, was the rud þat raiked hom in. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 214 Lat the cop raik for my bennysoun. 1616 Sheriff Court Bk. Shetland f. 34, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) That within few dayis the said Ola his bones sould be raiking about the bankis. c. intransitive. Of a person. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > speedily rakeOE rekec1275 raikc1390 richc1400 freck1513 to hie it1620 whidc1730 scoot1758 spank1807 kilt1816 nip1825 slip1864 breeze1907 bomb1966 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (intransitive)] > with no fixed aim or wander wharvec890 woreOE wandera1000 rengec1230 wagc1325 roamc1330 errc1374 raikc1390 ravec1390 rumblec1400 rollc1405 railc1425 roit1440 waverc1440 rangea1450 rove1481 to-waver1487 vaguea1525 evague1533 rangle1567 to go a-strayinga1586 vagary1598 divagate1599 obambulate1614 vagitate1614 ramble1615 divage1623 pererrate1623 squander1630 peramble1632 rink1710 ratch1801 browse1803 vagrate1807 bum1857 piroot1858 scamander1864 truck1864 bat1867 vagrant1886 float1901 vagulate1918 pissant1945 the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move with urgent speed rempeOE fuseOE rakeOE hiec1175 i-fusec1275 rekec1275 hastec1300 pellc1300 platc1300 startc1300 buskc1330 rapc1330 rapec1330 skip1338 firk1340 chase1377 raikc1390 to hie one's waya1400 catchc1400 start?a1505 spur1513 hasten1534 to make speed1548 post1553 hurry1602 scud1602 curry1608 to put on?1611 properate1623 post-haste1628 whirryc1630 dust1650 kite1854 to get a move on1888 to hump it1888 belt1890 to get (or put) one's skates on1895 hotfoot1896 to rattle one's dags1968 shimmy1969 c1390 Body & Soul (Vernon) (1889) 90 (MED) Þou me lete reyke [Add rayken] norþ and souþe, And hauen al my wille in wold. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 20798 (MED) It es better to be stell þan raik [a1400 Göt raicke] on reson þat es will. a1425 Daily Work (Arun.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 140 Þas þat eauer raikis [c1440 Thornton raykand] aboute to fede þaire wittis with vanitees and lustis. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 226 On the morne thes senatours rayked unto Rome. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 40 The men of weir..In gude array come raikand fra the schoir. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 349 He raikis throuch the hail realme. c1650 (a1500) Eger & Grime (Percy) (1933) 474 Sir Grahame about his bed reiked. 1669 Hist. Sir Eger 31 He said, Nay, he needed none, But raiked forth, his way is gone. 1723 B. Mandeville Fable Bees (ed. 2) i. 305 Keep their Children in awe, and never suffer them to rake about the Streets, and lie out a-Nights. 1813 E. Picken Misc. Poems I. 13 Come, kiss your Kate, an' rake nae mair. 1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 92 Ilk half gang raikin round the wa', Ane north, the tither westlins ga. 1869 A. C. Gibson Folk-speech Cumberland Gloss. 219 They ga rakin aboot widoot ayder eerand or aim. 1895 W. C. Fraser Whaups of Durley xii. 155 The way you toon's bodies rake aboot through the glens and ower the hilltaps is daft-like. 1920 E. Pound Umbra 112 To her I raik, Sole her. 1937 O. St. J. Gogarty As I was going down Sackville St. 5 Quaintly he came raiking out of Molesworth Street into Kildare Street. 1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. 69/2 Shö göd aboot raikin fae hoose ta hoose. 1998 E. Martin in S. Champion & D. Scannell Shenanigans (1999) vi. 99 We bring them up and just let them rake about for an hour. 2003 B. Holton tr. Qu Yuan Nine Sangs iv, in Birthday Bk. for Brother Stone iii. 286 A'll raik on a whylie, ay, ti play on in pleisure. †2. transitive (reflexive). To make one's way, set out. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (reflexive)] wendeOE meteOE drawc1175 flitc1175 do?c1225 kenc1275 teemc1275 movec1300 graitha1325 dightc1330 redec1330 windc1330 yieldc1330 dressa1375 raikc1400 winc1400 pass?a1425 get1492 tirec1540 flitch?1567 frame1576 betake1639 rely1641 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 465 (MED) Þe raven raykez hym forth. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1735 (MED) Þe lady..ros hir vp radly, rayked hir þeder. a1500 (a1425) Metrical Life St. Robert of Knaresborough (1953) 794 (MED) Agayn Sayntt Robertt rayked hym then. 3. †a. transitive. Scottish. To make (one's way); to pursue or take (a way). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)] stretcha1225 turnc1275 ready?a1400 seta1400 incline?c1400 apply?a1425 raika1500 rechec1540 make1548 address1554 frame1576 bend1579 to shape one's course1593 intend1596 tend1611 direct1632 steer1815 a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 3463 Þe ded body rasse..And raykit of þe kyrk his way. 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 295 [He] To the Empreour the hie way raikit richt. b. transitive. Originally and chiefly Scottish. To wander through or over (a place). Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Shetland, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Perthshire, and Kirkcudbrightshire in 1967. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (transitive)] > wander (one's way, etc.) > wander in, over, or about peramble1508 rove1537 wander?1573 enrange1596 roam1603 stray1613 ramble1679 raika1730 overwander1821 pervagate1871 a1730 A. Pennecuik Compl. Coll. Poems (?1750) ii. 66 As if the very Streets you raked, Wi' Skin sae Blae. 1795 A. M. L. Budget! 12 Sure you no longer wish to rake the streets. 1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake ii. xiii. 191 To raike the lanely glen. 1836 J. Affleck Poet. Wks. 124 Aff ye set to raik the moors. 1899 S. R. Crockett Little Anna Mark xliii Tip our cat that rakes the roofs in the midnight. 1905 S. R. Crockett Cherry Ribband xxv. 181 It's no for a young lass like you to rake the streets o' Edinburgh by your lane. 1912 G. Cunningham Verse: maistly in Doric 69 Tearin their duds Wi' rakin' on Sundays the fields and the wuds. 1932 A. Horsbøl tr. J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland II. 688/2 To rek de landimors, to gad about, to rove idly (prop. ‘near the boundary lines’). Derivatives ˈraiking n. and adj. ΚΠ c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 382 Never cowþe stynt..þe raykande wawez. a1425 Daily Work (Arun.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 140 Thre maners of occupacions are, as..Raykyng aboute [c1440 Thornton in vtwith raykyng]. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 199 A refing sonne off rakyng Muris Hes magellit my making throw his malis. ?c1625 in E. Beveridge & J. D. Westwood Fergusson's Sc. Prov. (1924) No. 214 A raiking roke spinis not weil. 1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck I. 139 How could we turn our hand wi' our pickle hoggs i' winter if their bit foggage war a' riven up by the auld raikin hypalts? 1888 B. R. Anderson Broken Lights 82 Or whan da mists lay ower da hill Till raikin' dogs wid even will. 1988 W. A. D. Riach Galloway Gloss. 36 Raiken, aimless visiting around. 2004 S. Blackhall Katy Crocodile 14 Will she win hame wi a beak an caimb, Efter her meenlicht raikin? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹?c1350n.²1477v.a1250
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raikn.1

Compounds

raikn.2

Compounds

raikv.

Derivatives

raikn.¹

raikn.²