radulan.

Brit.

/ˈradjᵿlə/,

/ˈradʒᵿlə/, U.S.

/ˈrædʒələ/

Inflections: Plural radulae, radulas.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rādula.

Etymology: < classical Latin rādula scraper, scraping iron < rādere to scrape (see raze v.) + -ula -ula suffix. In sense 2 a specific use of the classical Latin noun; although both Huxley (in quot. 1853 at sense 2) and later sources attribute this to A. T. von Middendorff (1849), use by him has not been traced.The coinage source is usually given as A. T. von Middendorff Beiträge zu einer Malacozoologia Rossica. However, von Middendorff does not use radula in either the 1849 volume of this work or an earlier paper in the same work (1847); in the latter, he uses German Reibplatte ( < reiben to rub (see rive v.¹) + Platte plate n.) to denote the structure.

†1. Surgery. A file or rasp; esp. one used to scrape the marrow cavity of a bone. Cf. raspatory n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > rasps or scrapers

raspatory?a1425

rougine?a1425

scalping1552

scalper1656

desquamatory1668

lenticular instrument1672

scalprum1688

xyster1688

radula1706

lenticular1739

lenticular knife1846

1706 C. J. Sprengell tr. C. Solingen in tr. M. G. Purmann Chirurgia Curiosa i. ii. 4 In Fig. 11. is a Thwart-tooth'd Radula [Du. een dwerstandige Raspaen] on each side, called a Levigator, which may be made bigger or lesser as occasion requires.

1711 Bibliotheca Anatomica I. 341/1 Then fit your before-mention'd Radula, or Scraper, to a Stick, and put it within the Bone, pressing it together with your Fingers, which afterward being dilated again, will consequently clear and scrape the Remainders of the Marrow from the Insides of the Bones.

1740 G. Thomson tr. M. Lyser Art dissecting Human Body 236 Lay aside the Pin, and then take hold of a Radula of a Thickness in Proportion to the cylindrical Cavity of the Bone.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Radula, the raspatory, a chirurgical instrument used to cleanse foul bones.

2. Zoology. The movable rasping structure in the mouth of many molluscs, bearing chitinous teeth and used for scraping off and drawing in food particles.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > mollusc or shell-fish > parts of mollusc

ungulaa1382

mantlea1475

trunk1661

diaphragm1665

lid1681

operculum1681

ear1688

beard1697

corslet1753

scar1793

opercle1808

pleura1826

pallium1834

byssus1835

cephalic ganglia1835–6

opercule1836

lingual ribbon1839

tube1839

cloak1842

test1842

collar1847

testa1847

rachis1851

uncinus1851

land-shell1853

mantle cavity1853

mesopodium1853

propodium1853

radula1853

malacology1854

gill comb1861

pallial cavity1862

tongue-tootha1877

mesopode1877

odontophore1877

pallial chamber1877

shell-gland1877

rasp1879

protopodium1880

ctenidium1883

osphradium1883

shell-sac1883

tooth-ribbon1883

megalaesthete1885

rachidian1900

scungille1953

tentacle-sheath-

1853 T. H. Huxley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 143 58 To what is commonly known as the tongue, he [sc. Middendorff] gives the name of ‘radula’.

1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals viii. 488 The radula is a cuticular chitinous product of the epithelium of the subradular membrane.

1901 E. Step Shell Life iii. 42 The number of these teeth to one tongue or radula varies to a remarkable extent.

1923 L. A. Borradaile Animal & its Environm. iii. 43 (caption) Transverse rows of teeth from the radulas of molluscs of different diet.

1959 A. C. Hardy Open Sea II. vi. 128 A radula is a remarkable structure found in the mouths of all typical gastropods; it is a long ribbon, bearing a vast number of transverse rows of sharp horny teeth.

1991 R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecol. (ed. 2) xii. 236/1 The finely-toothed radulae of snails can remove periphyton adhering closely to various surfaces.

Derivatives

ˈradular adj. Zoology of or relating to the radula of a mollusc.

ΚΠ

1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebr. Animals viii. 488 The subradular membrane.]

1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 640/1 Essentially it is a tube-like outgrowth—the radular sac—in the median line of the ventral floor of the stomodaeum.

1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs v. 98 Each radular row has only four teeth.

1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) viii. 217/2 Living mesogastropods are classified on radular structure.

ˈradulate adj. Zoology provided with or bearing a radula.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Radulate, provided with a radula, as a cephalophorous mollusk; raduliferous.

1955 Sci. Monthly Apr. 258/2 We may consider..a typical scraper or radulate feeder, the intertidal snail Littorina planaxis.

1999 Evolution 53 451/1 Forward movement of teeth is shared among all radulate molluscan taxa.

† raduliferous adj. Zoology Obsolete rare = radulate adj.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Radulate, provided with a radula, as a cephalophorous mollusk; raduliferous.

ˈraduliform adj. Biology rare rasp-like.

ΚΠ

1849 R. Owen in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 874/1 The teeth of the Sheat-fish present all the gradations between the villiform and raduliform types.

1863 H. C. Pennell Angler-naturalist 34 Teeth..when much shorter than the latter [card-like teeth]..become raduliform, or rasp-like.

2006 Mycol. Res. 110 273/2 The conidiogenous cells in Anungitea are raduliform.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	radula
释义	radulan. Brit. /ˈradjᵿlə/, /ˈradʒᵿlə/, U.S. /ˈrædʒələ/ Inflections: Plural radulae, radulas. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rādula. Etymology: < classical Latin rādula scraper, scraping iron < rādere to scrape (see raze v.) + -ula -ula suffix. In sense 2 a specific use of the classical Latin noun; although both Huxley (in quot. 1853 at sense 2) and later sources attribute this to A. T. von Middendorff (1849), use by him has not been traced.The coinage source is usually given as A. T. von Middendorff Beiträge zu einer Malacozoologia Rossica. However, von Middendorff does not use radula in either the 1849 volume of this work or an earlier paper in the same work (1847); in the latter, he uses German Reibplatte ( < reiben to rub (see rive v.¹) + Platte plate n.) to denote the structure. †1. Surgery. A file or rasp; esp. one used to scrape the marrow cavity of a bone. Cf. raspatory n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > rasps or scrapers raspatory?a1425 rougine?a1425 scalping1552 scalper1656 desquamatory1668 lenticular instrument1672 scalprum1688 xyster1688 radula1706 lenticular1739 lenticular knife1846 1706 C. J. Sprengell tr. C. Solingen in tr. M. G. Purmann Chirurgia Curiosa i. ii. 4 In Fig. 11. is a Thwart-tooth'd Radula [Du. een dwerstandige Raspaen] on each side, called a Levigator, which may be made bigger or lesser as occasion requires. 1711 Bibliotheca Anatomica I. 341/1 Then fit your before-mention'd Radula, or Scraper, to a Stick, and put it within the Bone, pressing it together with your Fingers, which afterward being dilated again, will consequently clear and scrape the Remainders of the Marrow from the Insides of the Bones. 1740 G. Thomson tr. M. Lyser Art dissecting Human Body 236 Lay aside the Pin, and then take hold of a Radula of a Thickness in Proportion to the cylindrical Cavity of the Bone. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Radula, the raspatory, a chirurgical instrument used to cleanse foul bones. 2. Zoology. The movable rasping structure in the mouth of many molluscs, bearing chitinous teeth and used for scraping off and drawing in food particles. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > mollusc or shell-fish > parts of mollusc ungulaa1382 mantlea1475 trunk1661 diaphragm1665 lid1681 operculum1681 ear1688 beard1697 corslet1753 scar1793 opercle1808 pleura1826 pallium1834 byssus1835 cephalic ganglia1835–6 opercule1836 lingual ribbon1839 tube1839 cloak1842 test1842 collar1847 testa1847 rachis1851 uncinus1851 land-shell1853 mantle cavity1853 mesopodium1853 propodium1853 radula1853 malacology1854 gill comb1861 pallial cavity1862 tongue-tootha1877 mesopode1877 odontophore1877 pallial chamber1877 shell-gland1877 rasp1879 protopodium1880 ctenidium1883 osphradium1883 shell-sac1883 tooth-ribbon1883 megalaesthete1885 rachidian1900 scungille1953 tentacle-sheath- 1853 T. H. Huxley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 143 58 To what is commonly known as the tongue, he [sc. Middendorff] gives the name of ‘radula’. 1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals viii. 488 The radula is a cuticular chitinous product of the epithelium of the subradular membrane. 1901 E. Step Shell Life iii. 42 The number of these teeth to one tongue or radula varies to a remarkable extent. 1923 L. A. Borradaile Animal & its Environm. iii. 43 (caption) Transverse rows of teeth from the radulas of molluscs of different diet. 1959 A. C. Hardy Open Sea II. vi. 128 A radula is a remarkable structure found in the mouths of all typical gastropods; it is a long ribbon, bearing a vast number of transverse rows of sharp horny teeth. 1991 R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecol. (ed. 2) xii. 236/1 The finely-toothed radulae of snails can remove periphyton adhering closely to various surfaces. Derivatives ˈradular adj. Zoology of or relating to the radula of a mollusc. ΚΠ 1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebr. Animals viii. 488 The subradular membrane.] 1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 640/1 Essentially it is a tube-like outgrowth—the radular sac—in the median line of the ventral floor of the stomodaeum. 1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs v. 98 Each radular row has only four teeth. 1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) viii. 217/2 Living mesogastropods are classified on radular structure. ˈradulate adj. Zoology provided with or bearing a radula. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Radulate, provided with a radula, as a cephalophorous mollusk; raduliferous. 1955 Sci. Monthly Apr. 258/2 We may consider..a typical scraper or radulate feeder, the intertidal snail Littorina planaxis. 1999 Evolution 53 451/1 Forward movement of teeth is shared among all radulate molluscan taxa. † raduliferous adj. Zoology Obsolete rare = radulate adj. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Radulate, provided with a radula, as a cephalophorous mollusk; raduliferous. ˈraduliform adj. Biology rare rasp-like. ΚΠ 1849 R. Owen in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 874/1 The teeth of the Sheat-fish present all the gradations between the villiform and raduliform types. 1863 H. C. Pennell Angler-naturalist 34 Teeth..when much shorter than the latter [card-like teeth]..become raduliform, or rasp-like. 2006 Mycol. Res. 110 273/2 The conidiogenous cells in Anungitea are raduliform. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1706
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