benzoinn.

/ˈbɛnzəʊɪn/

/ˈbɛnzɔɪn/

Forms: 1500s belzoin, benjoin, bengwin, bengewyne, 1500s–1600s bengewine, 1600s bengwine, benzwine, benswine, benioyn, benjoine, benjouin, benzoine, benzion, bezoin, 1600s–1700s benione, 1500s– benzoin.

Etymology: In 16th cent. benjoin , < French benjoin (also benjaoy , quoted by Devic from Déterville Dict. Hist. Nat. 1816), representing Spanish benjui , benjuy (Barbosa 1516), Portuguese beijoim (Vasco da Gama 1498), Italian benzoi (Venetian records, 1461), for *lo-benzoi , *lo-benjuy , < Arabic lubān jāwī ‘frankincense of Jāwā’ (Sumatra), by which name benzoin is called by Ibn Batuta c1350 (ed. Paris IV. 228). The lo- appears to have been dropped in Romanic, as if it were the article. The word was naturally much corrupted in European languages; later Italian forms are belgivino , belzuino , modern Latin 1584 belzuinum , whence occasionally English belzoin . In English, benjoin was soon corrupted to benjamin n.¹, which still survives as a synonym. Benzoin, which is farther from the original, and appears to owe its z to the Italian, began to prevail c1650. From benzoin, was formed a1800 the chemical term benzoic (acid), whence at a later period benzin(e, benzol, and the numerous names of the benzene series.

1. A dry and brittle resinous substance, with a fragrant odour and slightly aromatic taste, obtained from the Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and extensively in perfumery. For scientific distinction it is now termed gum benzoin. Also called by popular corruption benjamin n.¹

ΘΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific

myrrheOE

balsamc1000

galbanec1000

draganta1300

sandragon1334

gum arabica1350

storaxa1382

galbanum1382

asafœtidaa1398

cinnabara1398

guttaa1398

frankincensea1400

labdanuma1400

opopanaxa1400

gum-arabicc1400

sarcocolc1400

ammoniacc1420

gristle?1537

ladanum1551

dragon's blood1555

benzoin1558

styrax1558

tragacanth1558

gum tragacanth1562

amber1565

anime1577

laser1578

benjamin1580

sarcocolla1584

bdellium1585

sagapenum1597

liquidambar1598

red gum1614

gamboge1615

laudanum1616

gum ammoniac1627

male incense1647

sandarac1655

flesh-glue1659

adragant1696

dammar1698

sagapen1712

gum-dragon1718

courbaril1753

gum-senegal1760

Jew's frankincense1760

guggul1813

angico1821

gum-kino1830

butea gum1832

piney varnish1832

Kuteera gum1838

acaroid1839

bumbo1839

thus1842

gum-juniper1844

piney dammar1846

acacine1855

mochras1856

talha1857

copalm balsam1858

gum benjamin1859

wattle-gum1863

Senegal gum1867

Suakin1874

Barbary gum1875

oliva1882

ledon1885

jatoba1890

mimosa gum1890

xylan1894

gum accroides1909

karaya1916

1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount (1568) 3 a An unce of Bengewine.

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 30^v Belzoin or Benzoin is the rosin of a tree.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. lxxxiv. 624 Hard gums, such as frankincense, beniouin..and waxe.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 480 The herbe..(which beareth the gum Benjoine) grew there first.

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Benzwine, a sweet smelling gumme.

1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler (Arb.) 42 There is an herb Benione, which..makes him (the Otter) to avoid that place.

1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1000 Asa dulcis, Wine and Honey, or Benzoin dissolved in warm water.

1682 N. Grew Idea Philos. Hist. Plants 17 in Anat. Plants Benzoine, by Distillation [yieldeth] Oyl; by Ustion, white Flowers.

1834 J. J. Griffin Chem. Recreat. 117 Gum benzoin (or benjamin) is a prime constituent of fumigating pastiles.

1875 W. S. Jevons Money vii. 28 Cubes of benzoin, gum or beeswax..are other peculiar forms of currency.

2. Botany. Name of a genus of Lauraceae, of which the Benjamin-tree of North America is the chief species. Also called benzoin laurel.

ΚΠ

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 135 Benzoin, a genus of Lauraceæ, inhabiting..North America.

1875 J. C. Loudon Abridgm. Arboretum 685 The Benzoin Laurel, or Benjamin Tree.

3. Chemistry. Bitter-almond-oil camphor: one of the constituents of gum-benzoin, also frequently contained in crude bitter-almond oil, whence it is obtained as a by-product, when the oil is purified by lime and ferrous chloride; it is a ketone, C₁₄H₁₂O₂, of the di-phenyl group, and crystallizes in shining prisms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > ketones > [noun] > others

pyroacetic ether1810

pyroacetic spirit1810

pyroacetic acid1819

margarone1834

oleone1834

stearone1836

acetone1838

valerone1839

benzoin1863

acetophenone1871

anthrone1881

ionone1893

Michler's ketone1897

chalcone1899

butanone1902

butyrophenone1908

alkenone1945

tropolone1945

1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 559.

1880 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) Gum Benzoin..contains benzoic acid, benzoin, and resin.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	benzoin
释义	benzoinn. /ˈbɛnzəʊɪn//ˈbɛnzɔɪn/ Forms: 1500s belzoin, benjoin, bengwin, bengewyne, 1500s–1600s bengewine, 1600s bengwine, benzwine, benswine, benioyn, benjoine, benjouin, benzoine, benzion, bezoin, 1600s–1700s benione, 1500s– benzoin. Etymology: In 16th cent. benjoin , < French benjoin (also benjaoy , quoted by Devic from Déterville Dict. Hist. Nat. 1816), representing Spanish benjui , benjuy (Barbosa 1516), Portuguese beijoim (Vasco da Gama 1498), Italian benzoi (Venetian records, 1461), for lo-benzoi , lo-benjuy , < Arabic lubān jāwī ‘frankincense of Jāwā’ (Sumatra), by which name benzoin is called by Ibn Batuta c1350 (ed. Paris IV. 228). The lo- appears to have been dropped in Romanic, as if it were the article. The word was naturally much corrupted in European languages; later Italian forms are belgivino , belzuino , modern Latin 1584 belzuinum , whence occasionally English belzoin . In English, benjoin was soon corrupted to benjamin n.¹, which still survives as a synonym. Benzoin, which is farther from the original, and appears to owe its z to the Italian, began to prevail c1650. From benzoin, was formed a1800 the chemical term benzoic (acid), whence at a later period benzin(e, benzol, and the numerous names of the benzene series. 1. A dry and brittle resinous substance, with a fragrant odour and slightly aromatic taste, obtained from the Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and extensively in perfumery. For scientific distinction it is now termed gum benzoin. Also called by popular corruption benjamin n.¹ ΘΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific myrrheOE balsamc1000 galbanec1000 draganta1300 sandragon1334 gum arabica1350 storaxa1382 galbanum1382 asafœtidaa1398 cinnabara1398 guttaa1398 frankincensea1400 labdanuma1400 opopanaxa1400 gum-arabicc1400 sarcocolc1400 ammoniacc1420 gristle?1537 ladanum1551 dragon's blood1555 benzoin1558 styrax1558 tragacanth1558 gum tragacanth1562 amber1565 anime1577 laser1578 benjamin1580 sarcocolla1584 bdellium1585 sagapenum1597 liquidambar1598 red gum1614 gamboge1615 laudanum1616 gum ammoniac1627 male incense1647 sandarac1655 flesh-glue1659 adragant1696 dammar1698 sagapen1712 gum-dragon1718 courbaril1753 gum-senegal1760 Jew's frankincense1760 guggul1813 angico1821 gum-kino1830 butea gum1832 piney varnish1832 Kuteera gum1838 acaroid1839 bumbo1839 thus1842 gum-juniper1844 piney dammar1846 acacine1855 mochras1856 talha1857 copalm balsam1858 gum benjamin1859 wattle-gum1863 Senegal gum1867 Suakin1874 Barbary gum1875 oliva1882 ledon1885 jatoba1890 mimosa gum1890 xylan1894 gum accroides1909 karaya1916 1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount (1568) 3 a An unce of Bengewine. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 30^v Belzoin or Benzoin is the rosin of a tree. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. lxxxiv. 624 Hard gums, such as frankincense, beniouin..and waxe. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 480 The herbe..(which beareth the gum Benjoine) grew there first. 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Benzwine, a sweet smelling gumme. 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler (Arb.) 42 There is an herb Benione, which..makes him (the Otter) to avoid that place. 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1000 Asa dulcis, Wine and Honey, or Benzoin dissolved in warm water. 1682 N. Grew Idea Philos. Hist. Plants 17 in Anat. Plants Benzoine, by Distillation [yieldeth] Oyl; by Ustion, white Flowers. 1834 J. J. Griffin Chem. Recreat. 117 Gum benzoin (or benjamin) is a prime constituent of fumigating pastiles. 1875 W. S. Jevons Money vii. 28 Cubes of benzoin, gum or beeswax..are other peculiar forms of currency. 2. Botany. Name of a genus of Lauraceae, of which the Benjamin-tree of North America is the chief species. Also called benzoin laurel. ΚΠ 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 135 Benzoin, a genus of Lauraceæ, inhabiting..North America. 1875 J. C. Loudon Abridgm. Arboretum 685 The Benzoin Laurel, or Benjamin Tree. 3. Chemistry. Bitter-almond-oil camphor: one of the constituents of gum-benzoin, also frequently contained in crude bitter-almond oil, whence it is obtained as a by-product, when the oil is purified by lime and ferrous chloride; it is a ketone, C₁₄H₁₂O₂, of the di-phenyl group, and crystallizes in shining prisms. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > ketones > [noun] > others pyroacetic ether1810 pyroacetic spirit1810 pyroacetic acid1819 margarone1834 oleone1834 stearone1836 acetone1838 valerone1839 benzoin1863 acetophenone1871 anthrone1881 ionone1893 Michler's ketone1897 chalcone1899 butanone1902 butyrophenone1908 alkenone1945 tropolone1945 1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 559. 1880 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) Gum Benzoin..contains benzoic acid, benzoin, and resin. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1558
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