rackedadj.¹

Brit.

/rakt/, U.S.

/rækt/

Forms: see rack v.² and -ed suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rack v.², -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < rack v.² (see discussion at that entry) + -ed suffix¹. With racked wine compare post-classical Latin vinum de recco , vinum reckum (from 13th cent. in British sources); French †vin raqué (see rack v.²) is unlikely to be connected.

Of wine, cider, etc.: that has been drawn off to leave the sediment behind. Also of a barrel, etc.: emptied by racking.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [adjective] > racked off

racked1519

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [adjective] > emptied (of cask)

racked1626

1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxxiii. f. 294^v Whither so euer I go: I haue with me racked wyne.

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 83 In the latter drinke we haue vsed to put in rackte Renishe Wyne.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §306 Powre the Lees of the Racked Vessell into the vnracked Vessell.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Rack'd Wines, that is, Wines so cleansed and purged, that they may be, and are drawn from the Lees.

1733 Philos. Trans. Abridged 1720–32 (Royal Soc.) 6 iii. vii. 320 Two quarts of it put into a barrel of racked cyder will both preserve it and give it a very agreeable color.

1764 Mass. Gaz. No. 3149/4 Good rack'd and refin'd Cyder.

1822 Sandusky (Ohio) Clarion 29 May For sale..a few barrels of first rate racked cider.

1885 Wellsboro (Pa.) Agitator 25 Aug. 1/7 The barrels containing the racked cider may be stored in a cool cellar and left to mature.

1925 Proc. Royal Soc. 109 p. xxv The reason why the addition of hops to newly racked beer should act in starting a secondary fermentation in the cask.

1995 Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Nexis) 25 Oct. c12 The European-styled event allows people to try fresh, fermented, racked wine from the new harvest.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rackedadj.²

Brit.

/rakt/, U.S.

/rækt/

Forms: see rack v.¹ and -ed suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rack v.¹, -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < rack v.¹ + -ed suffix¹.

1. That has been racked (in various senses); esp. tortured on the rack; tormented; strained to or beyond the limit.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [adjective]

corruptc1386

racked1546

detorted?1550

wrested1551

writhen1551

writhed1562

forced1583

tortured1603

strained1609

distorted1641

violented1641

crook1647

extorted1652

refracted1655

madly wrested1656

wry1663

corrupted1699

non-natural1844

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [adjective] > stretched

racked1546

tentered1652

the mind > mental capacity > memory > [adjective] > of memory: strained

racked1867

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [adjective] > relating to agony or torment > suffering agony or torment

forpainedc1400

agoniousa1513

tormented1552

on the rack1600

racked1900

1546 G. Joye Refut. Byshop Winchesters Derke Declar. f. xxi The..repentaunce that is wrested out of the racked and pyned Malefactours, confessynge their synnes for very fear and payne onely.

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (iv. 1) Wheras some translate thys woord (for ever)..I do reject as a racked translation.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. D7^v They will be sure to make price of their racked cloth double, and triple more than it cost them.

1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 24 Hee makes th' whole Kingdoms wracked ribs to meet.

1640 R. Brathwait Ar't Asleepe Husband? 259 Civile curtsies can hardly passe without some rackt Construction.

1656 A. Cowley Davideis iii. 99 in Poems Merab rejoyc'ed in her wrackt Lovers pain.

1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) x. ccxxxiv. 153 New fear Stormed their wracked Souls.

1786 H. Cowley School for Greybeards i. i. 14 Hah! she doth not look happy—some consolation to my rack'd heart!

1824 C. G. Garnett Night Before Bridal iii. xi. 100 A bell Has rung in my rack'd ears its ceaseless knell.

1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset I. i. 11 He endeavoured to tell the truth, as far as his poor racked imperfect memory would allow him.

1900 J. Conrad Lord Jim xxxvii. 370 He was..able to talk between the choking fits of asthma, and his racked body writhed with malicious exultation at the bare thought of Jim.

1970 Times 21 May 11/8 Cecil's cold-blooded questioning of a racked Catholic suspect.

1975 I. McEwan First Love, Last Rites (1976) 16 I loved the racked, contorted faces of the runners as they came up the tunnel of flags and crossed the finishing line.

1995 Australian 8 June (Brisbane ed.) 16/2 What gives it considerable life is the extraordinarily racked lead performance.

a. Of rent: raised to an excessive level; (also in later use) set at a rate representing the full value of the land and buildings. See rack rent n. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > hire or rent > rent (land or real property) > [adjective] > raised to excess

racked1574

1574 R. Robinson Rewarde of Wickednesse sig. D His stoared ground, his racked rents, his heards of goats..made him to forget his duty cleane.

1581 T. Lupton 2nd Pt. Too Good to be True sig. Hiv^v Poore Tenantes, that pay great and excessiue Fines, and rackt Rents.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. E4^v He might haue it freely for this racked rent.

1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions vi. 202 Impositions, hard services, and Rack't Rents.

1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. i. 19 Never did he stent Us in our Thriving with a racket Rent.

1763 T. Turner Diary 24 Mar. (1984) (modernized text) 267 The design of our [vestry] meeting was to have made a poor rate in which every one that was taxed was to be assessed to the racked rent.

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 404 Racked rents..disable the tenant to improve.

1941 Times 2 July 9/5 In the case of rent, which was full racked rent, the tenant would be repaid by the Commissioners the whole amount of tax.

†b. Of tenants, their income, land, etc.: oppressed by or subjected to extortion or excessive rent. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > extortion > [adjective] > subjected to extortion

racked1616

1616 T. Adams Divine Herball 148 The wealthy Gentleman..that..takes his rent in bloud; the heart-bloud of his racked Tenants; cares not for Repentance.

1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. ii. 30 Weekely or monethly assessements and contributions..exceeding many mens racked incomes.

1732 J. Swift Proposal National Debt in Wks. (1735) IV. 311 A Land Tax, upon a rackt Estate, would be a Burthen wholly insupportable.

1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 304 Thy racked inhabitants repine, complain.

3. With adverbs. Now chiefly U.S.

a. racked out adj.: (a) exhausted; worn out; (b) endured with suffering (rare).

ΚΠ

1870 Sir S. Northcote in Life (1890) II. xii. 30 The old racked-out tobacco and corn lands.

1900 W. A. Ellis Life Wagner 332 The harvest of the last outlived, or rather racked-out Summer.

1985 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 16 June He's concerned about her health. ‘I've seen two interviews with her,’ Jim Palmer said. ‘She really looks racked out.’

2003 Times-Picayune (New Orleans) (Nexis) 14 Dec. 1 The difficulty of throwing away old, racked-out garbage cans.

b. racked up adj.: upset; injured. Also figurative.

ΚΠ

1964 P. Ochs Draft Dodger Rag (song lyrics) I've got a dislocated disc and a racked-up back.

1974 J. D. MacDonald Dreadful Lemon Sky (1975) iv. 57 Betty was all racked up over the accident.

1991 J. Ashbery Flow Chart iv. 130 One can easily side with some who offer no moral incentive to cling together, who are, in their own words, ‘racked up’, meaning blighted.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rackedadj.³

Brit.

/rakt/, U.S.

/rækt/

Forms: see rack v.⁵ and -ed suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rack v.⁵, -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < rack v.⁵ + -ed suffix¹. Compare earlier racking adj.³

rare (chiefly poetic).

Driven along, as clouds by the wind; buffeted. Now chiefly as the second element in compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > [adjective] > impelled > by the wind

wind-drivena1387

racked1858

1858 C. Kingsley Poems 150 Winds, upon whose racked eddies, far aloft, My thoughts in exultation held their way.

1981 N. Nicholson Sea to West 45 Lish as a wind-racked larch.

2003 Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) (Nexis) 7 Nov. 3 a Observers may have to catch the eclipse through breaks in high, wind-racked clouds.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rackedadj.⁴

Brit.

/rakt/, U.S.

/rækt/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rack n.⁴, -ed suffix²; rack v.⁴, -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: Partly < rack n.⁴ + -ed suffix², and partly < rack v.⁴ + -ed suffix¹.

Having the form of a rack; fitted with a rack or racks. Also: stored or displayed on racks.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > [adjective] > fitted with (a) rack(s)

racked1869

1869 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 159 152 A racked screw of the calculated pitch..[was] passed a few times through the whole extent of the teeth.

1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 128 A metal racked frame to fit inside a plain wooden box.

1913 Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 45 419 Doughnuts, bread and butter, cheese, and whatnot, spread by the cook on the racked table.

1968 D. Moraes My Son's Father i. 12 We climbed a long spiral of ringing marble stairs,..to an immense room with racked books everywhere.

1995 Fire Prevention in High Bay Warehouses 54 Inerting gases are capable of rapid but limited control of fires in racked storages.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

adj.¹1519

adj.²1546

adj.³1858

adj.⁴1869

单词	racked
释义	rackedadj.¹ Brit. /rakt/, U.S. /rækt/ Forms: see rack v.² and -ed suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rack v.², -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < rack v.² (see discussion at that entry) + -ed suffix¹. With racked wine compare post-classical Latin vinum de recco , vinum reckum (from 13th cent. in British sources); French †vin raqué (see rack v.²) is unlikely to be connected. Of wine, cider, etc.: that has been drawn off to leave the sediment behind. Also of a barrel, etc.: emptied by racking. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [adjective] > racked off racked1519 the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [adjective] > emptied (of cask) racked1626 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxxiii. f. 294^v Whither so euer I go: I haue with me racked wyne. 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 83 In the latter drinke we haue vsed to put in rackte Renishe Wyne. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §306 Powre the Lees of the Racked Vessell into the vnracked Vessell. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Rack'd Wines, that is, Wines so cleansed and purged, that they may be, and are drawn from the Lees. 1733 Philos. Trans. Abridged 1720–32 (Royal Soc.) 6 iii. vii. 320 Two quarts of it put into a barrel of racked cyder will both preserve it and give it a very agreeable color. 1764 Mass. Gaz. No. 3149/4 Good rack'd and refin'd Cyder. 1822 Sandusky (Ohio) Clarion 29 May For sale..a few barrels of first rate racked cider. 1885 Wellsboro (Pa.) Agitator 25 Aug. 1/7 The barrels containing the racked cider may be stored in a cool cellar and left to mature. 1925 Proc. Royal Soc. 109 p. xxv The reason why the addition of hops to newly racked beer should act in starting a secondary fermentation in the cask. 1995 Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Nexis) 25 Oct. c12 The European-styled event allows people to try fresh, fermented, racked wine from the new harvest. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rackedadj.² Brit. /rakt/, U.S. /rækt/ Forms: see rack v.¹ and -ed suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rack v.¹, -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < rack v.¹ + -ed suffix¹. 1. That has been racked (in various senses); esp. tortured on the rack; tormented; strained to or beyond the limit. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [adjective] corruptc1386 racked1546 detorted?1550 wrested1551 writhen1551 writhed1562 forced1583 tortured1603 strained1609 distorted1641 violented1641 crook1647 extorted1652 refracted1655 madly wrested1656 wry1663 corrupted1699 non-natural1844 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [adjective] > stretched racked1546 tentered1652 the mind > mental capacity > memory > [adjective] > of memory: strained racked1867 the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [adjective] > relating to agony or torment > suffering agony or torment forpainedc1400 agoniousa1513 tormented1552 on the rack1600 racked1900 1546 G. Joye Refut. Byshop Winchesters Derke Declar. f. xxi The..repentaunce that is wrested out of the racked and pyned Malefactours, confessynge their synnes for very fear and payne onely. 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (iv. 1) Wheras some translate thys woord (for ever)..I do reject as a racked translation. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. D7^v They will be sure to make price of their racked cloth double, and triple more than it cost them. 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 24 Hee makes th' whole Kingdoms wracked ribs to meet. 1640 R. Brathwait Ar't Asleepe Husband? 259 Civile curtsies can hardly passe without some rackt Construction. 1656 A. Cowley Davideis iii. 99 in Poems Merab rejoyc'ed in her wrackt Lovers pain. 1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) x. ccxxxiv. 153 New fear Stormed their wracked Souls. 1786 H. Cowley School for Greybeards i. i. 14 Hah! she doth not look happy—some consolation to my rack'd heart! 1824 C. G. Garnett Night Before Bridal iii. xi. 100 A bell Has rung in my rack'd ears its ceaseless knell. 1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset I. i. 11 He endeavoured to tell the truth, as far as his poor racked imperfect memory would allow him. 1900 J. Conrad Lord Jim xxxvii. 370 He was..able to talk between the choking fits of asthma, and his racked body writhed with malicious exultation at the bare thought of Jim. 1970 Times 21 May 11/8 Cecil's cold-blooded questioning of a racked Catholic suspect. 1975 I. McEwan First Love, Last Rites (1976) 16 I loved the racked, contorted faces of the runners as they came up the tunnel of flags and crossed the finishing line. 1995 Australian 8 June (Brisbane ed.) 16/2 What gives it considerable life is the extraordinarily racked lead performance. 2. a. Of rent: raised to an excessive level; (also in later use) set at a rate representing the full value of the land and buildings. See rack rent n. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > hire or rent > rent (land or real property) > [adjective] > raised to excess racked1574 1574 R. Robinson Rewarde of Wickednesse sig. D His stoared ground, his racked rents, his heards of goats..made him to forget his duty cleane. 1581 T. Lupton 2nd Pt. Too Good to be True sig. Hiv^v Poore Tenantes, that pay great and excessiue Fines, and rackt Rents. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. E4^v He might haue it freely for this racked rent. 1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions vi. 202 Impositions, hard services, and Rack't Rents. 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. i. 19 Never did he stent Us in our Thriving with a racket Rent. 1763 T. Turner Diary 24 Mar. (1984) (modernized text) 267 The design of our [vestry] meeting was to have made a poor rate in which every one that was taxed was to be assessed to the racked rent. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 404 Racked rents..disable the tenant to improve. 1941 Times 2 July 9/5 In the case of rent, which was full racked rent, the tenant would be repaid by the Commissioners the whole amount of tax. †b. Of tenants, their income, land, etc.: oppressed by or subjected to extortion or excessive rent. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > extortion > [adjective] > subjected to extortion racked1616 1616 T. Adams Divine Herball 148 The wealthy Gentleman..that..takes his rent in bloud; the heart-bloud of his racked Tenants; cares not for Repentance. 1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. ii. 30 Weekely or monethly assessements and contributions..exceeding many mens racked incomes. 1732 J. Swift Proposal National Debt in Wks. (1735) IV. 311 A Land Tax, upon a rackt Estate, would be a Burthen wholly insupportable. 1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 304 Thy racked inhabitants repine, complain. 3. With adverbs. Now chiefly U.S. a. racked out adj.: (a) exhausted; worn out; (b) endured with suffering (rare). ΚΠ 1870 Sir S. Northcote in Life (1890) II. xii. 30 The old racked-out tobacco and corn lands. 1900 W. A. Ellis Life Wagner 332 The harvest of the last outlived, or rather racked-out Summer. 1985 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 16 June He's concerned about her health. ‘I've seen two interviews with her,’ Jim Palmer said. ‘She really looks racked out.’ 2003 Times-Picayune (New Orleans) (Nexis) 14 Dec. 1 The difficulty of throwing away old, racked-out garbage cans. b. racked up adj.: upset; injured. Also figurative. ΚΠ 1964 P. Ochs Draft Dodger Rag (song lyrics) I've got a dislocated disc and a racked-up back. 1974 J. D. MacDonald Dreadful Lemon Sky (1975) iv. 57 Betty was all racked up over the accident. 1991 J. Ashbery Flow Chart iv. 130 One can easily side with some who offer no moral incentive to cling together, who are, in their own words, ‘racked up’, meaning blighted. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rackedadj.³ Brit. /rakt/, U.S. /rækt/ Forms: see rack v.⁵ and -ed suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rack v.⁵, -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < rack v.⁵ + -ed suffix¹. Compare earlier racking adj.³ rare (chiefly poetic). Driven along, as clouds by the wind; buffeted. Now chiefly as the second element in compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > [adjective] > impelled > by the wind wind-drivena1387 racked1858 1858 C. Kingsley Poems 150 Winds, upon whose racked eddies, far aloft, My thoughts in exultation held their way. 1981 N. Nicholson Sea to West 45 Lish as a wind-racked larch. 2003 Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) (Nexis) 7 Nov. 3 a Observers may have to catch the eclipse through breaks in high, wind-racked clouds. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rackedadj.⁴ Brit. /rakt/, U.S. /rækt/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rack n.⁴, -ed suffix²; rack v.⁴, -ed suffix¹. Etymology: Partly < rack n.⁴ + -ed suffix², and partly < rack v.⁴ + -ed suffix¹. Having the form of a rack; fitted with a rack or racks. Also: stored or displayed on racks. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [adjective] > fitted with (a) rack(s) racked1869 1869 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 159 152 A racked screw of the calculated pitch..[was] passed a few times through the whole extent of the teeth. 1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 128 A metal racked frame to fit inside a plain wooden box. 1913 Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 45 419 Doughnuts, bread and butter, cheese, and whatnot, spread by the cook on the racked table. 1968 D. Moraes My Son's Father i. 12 We climbed a long spiral of ringing marble stairs,..to an immense room with racked books everywhere. 1995 Fire Prevention in High Bay Warehouses 54 Inerting gases are capable of rapid but limited control of fires in racked storages. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.¹1519adj.²1546adj.³1858adj.⁴1869
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rackedadj.1

rackedadj.2

rackedadj.3

rackedadj.4

rackedadj.¹

rackedadj.²

rackedadj.³

rackedadj.⁴