quinquinan.

Brit.

/kɪnˈkiːnə/,

/kwɪnˈkwʌɪnə/, U.S.

/kɪnˈkinə/,

/kwɪnˈkwaɪnə/

Forms: 1600s– quinquina, 1700s kinkina, 1700s kinquina.

Origin: Apparently either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin quinquina; French quinquina, quinaquina.

Etymology: Apparently < post-classical Latin quinquina cinchona tree (although this is apparently first attested later: 1747 or earlier; also kinkina) or its probable etymon French quinquina cinchona bark (1661; also †kinkina (1761 or earlier); sense 1b is apparently not paralleled in French until later: 1832), variant of quinaquina quinaquina n. In sense 2 < French quinquina (although this is apparently first attested slightly later in this sense: 1901 or earlier; short for vin de quinquina (1760)). Compare later quina n., quinaquina n.In view of the fact that Spanish quinquina is apparently not attested before the 20th cent., it is unclear whether the form kinkina in the following quot. (apparently in sense 1b) implies earlier currency of such a form in Spanish, despite Digby's statement that the word is used by ‘the Spaniardes’:1656 K. Digby Let. in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1849) 3rd Ser. X. 17 I haue made knowne..in these partes, a barke of a tree that infallibly cureth all intermittent feauours. It cometh from Peru; and is the barke of a tree called by the Spaniardes Kinkina.

a. Cinchona bark. Also more fully quinquina bark. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > febrifuge or antipyretic > [noun] > plant-derived

ague tree1597

diaprune1625

fever bark1658

Peruvian bark1663

quinquina1681

quinaquina1708

Angostura bark1789

Angostura1794

cinchona1800

cinchona-bark1811

quinia1823

quinine1824

cinchonine1825

quina1825

quinina1825

cinchonia1831

fever grass1875

quinetum1875

parsley camphor1879

parthenin1885

parthenicine1888

artemisinin1979

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > cinchona tree or bark

Peruvian bark1663

quinquina1681

Jesuits' Bark1704

quinaquina1708

quinquina1740

cinchona1742

quill bark1742

grey bark1781

red bark1782

bark-tree1783

yellow bark1794

cinchona-bark1811

crown bark1823

Loxa bark1825

Suriname bark1844

Lima bark1855

quinine tree1855

1681 P. Bellon tr. F. Monginot (title) New mystery in physick discovered by curing of fevers & agues by quinquina [Fr. quinquina] or Jesuites powder.

1699 J. Bouvet Hist. Cang-Hy 67 His Physicians..did all what in them lay to restore him to his Health, but to little purpose, all proving ineffectual, except the Quinquina, of which the two Fathers..had brought a good Quantity along with them.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 474 The fits did not return after the King [sc. Charles II] took Quinquina, called in England the Jesuits powder.

1756 Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 54 Kinkina, one ounce: Venice-treacle and rhubarb, of each half an ounce.

1778 Farmer's Mag. Feb. 46 Among their forest-trees the most valuable is that which yields the quinquina.

1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. v. 105 He cured him of an ague with quinquina.

1871 W. H. G. Kingston On Banks of Amazon (1876) 101 Since its use became general in Europe, the export trade of the quinquina has been very considerable.

1923 W. Osler Evol. Mod. Med. v. 183 The famous quack, Robert Talbor, sold the secret of preparing quinquina to Louis XIV in 1679 for two thousand louis d'or.

1979 UNESCO Courier July 7 The annual quantities of some of the drugs consumed world-wide since 1974 in the form of pharmaceutical preparations are as follows: 3,000 tonnes of aloes; 10,000 tonnes of fresh artichoke leaves; 5,000 tonnes of quinquina bark; [etc.].

1999 Lancet 24 July 326/1 In addition to the use of wine, as advocated by Hippocrates, we read about newer remedies, mercury and quinquina.

b. More fully quinquina tree. A cinchona tree (genus Cinchona, family Rubiaceae). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

Peruvian bark1663

quinquina1681

Jesuits' Bark1704

quinaquina1708

quinquina1740

cinchona1742

quill bark1742

grey bark1781

red bark1782

bark-tree1783

yellow bark1794

cinchona-bark1811

crown bark1823

Loxa bark1825

Suriname bark1844

Lima bark1855

quinine tree1855

1740 J. Fransham World in Miniature II. 40 Their most valuable Tree is the Kinquina, or Peruvian Bark, which grows in the province of Quitto.

1747 R. James Pharmacopœia Universalis 349/2 Near the town of Loxa was a Lake surrounded with Quinquina Trees, before the Spaniards settled in that Country.

1794 J. Relph Inq. Med. Efficacy Yellow Bark 23 The red Quinquina trees..the white Quinquina.

1821 A. B. Lambert (title) An illustration of the genus Cinchona: comprising..Baron Humboldt's account of the cinchona forests of South America, and Lambert's memoir of the different species of Quinquina.

1880 C. R. Markham Peruvian Bark 17 The first description of the quinquina-tree is due to that memorable French expedition to South America.

1905 Trenton (New Jersey) Times 15 July 3/5 The treasures which Peru yields..are not to be compared for utility with the bark of the quinquina tree, which they for a long time ignored.

2. Any of several French aperitif wines flavoured with quinine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > French wines > [noun] > other French wines

osey1381

Rochellec1400

Gasconc1460

galliac1530

Orleans1536

Cognac wine1594

frontignac1629

Languedoc1666

Pontac1674

Sillery1680

braquet1753

frontignan1756

Roussillon1772

Sancerre1787

Alsace1793

Rivesaltes1807

Muscadet1825

Monbazillac1833

vin gris1833

pelure d'oignon1843

grenache1851

Masdeu1851

Vouvray1883

Saumur1888

quinquina1899

St. Raphael1899

Jurançon1920

Minervois1928

Riquewihr1938

blanc de blancs1952

Quincy1958

Tokay wine1959

Loire1974

1899 Times 23 Sept. 5/6 They brought us some well-stocked baskets, containing..white wine, mineral water, and two little flasks of quinquina and rum.

1900 C. Baedeker Paris & Environs (ed. 14) 20 Liqueurs..are largely consumed as ‘aperitifs’ or ‘appetizers’ before meals. Among these are Absinthe, Vermouth.., Anisette, and Quinquina.

1942 Penguin New Writing 14 72 Damn that waiter! Why must he bring me quinquina instead of pastis?

2004 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 14 July f6 Traditional wine-based aperitifs include..quinquinas..such as Dubonnet, Lillet, Byrrh and St. Raphael.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	quinquina
释义	quinquinan. Brit. /kɪnˈkiːnə/, /kwɪnˈkwʌɪnə/, U.S. /kɪnˈkinə/, /kwɪnˈkwaɪnə/ Forms: 1600s– quinquina, 1700s kinkina, 1700s kinquina. Origin: Apparently either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin quinquina; French quinquina, quinaquina. Etymology: Apparently < post-classical Latin quinquina cinchona tree (although this is apparently first attested later: 1747 or earlier; also kinkina) or its probable etymon French quinquina cinchona bark (1661; also †kinkina (1761 or earlier); sense 1b is apparently not paralleled in French until later: 1832), variant of quinaquina quinaquina n. In sense 2 < French quinquina (although this is apparently first attested slightly later in this sense: 1901 or earlier; short for vin de quinquina (1760)). Compare later quina n., quinaquina n.In view of the fact that Spanish quinquina is apparently not attested before the 20th cent., it is unclear whether the form kinkina in the following quot. (apparently in sense 1b) implies earlier currency of such a form in Spanish, despite Digby's statement that the word is used by ‘the Spaniardes’:1656 K. Digby Let. in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1849) 3rd Ser. X. 17 I haue made knowne..in these partes, a barke of a tree that infallibly cureth all intermittent feauours. It cometh from Peru; and is the barke of a tree called by the Spaniardes Kinkina. 1. a. Cinchona bark. Also more fully quinquina bark. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > febrifuge or antipyretic > [noun] > plant-derived ague tree1597 diaprune1625 fever bark1658 Peruvian bark1663 quinquina1681 quinaquina1708 Angostura bark1789 Angostura1794 cinchona1800 cinchona-bark1811 quinia1823 quinine1824 cinchonine1825 quina1825 quinina1825 cinchonia1831 fever grass1875 quinetum1875 parsley camphor1879 parthenin1885 parthenicine1888 artemisinin1979 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > cinchona tree or bark Peruvian bark1663 quinquina1681 Jesuits' Bark1704 quinaquina1708 quinquina1740 cinchona1742 quill bark1742 grey bark1781 red bark1782 bark-tree1783 yellow bark1794 cinchona-bark1811 crown bark1823 Loxa bark1825 Suriname bark1844 Lima bark1855 quinine tree1855 1681 P. Bellon tr. F. Monginot (title) New mystery in physick discovered by curing of fevers & agues by quinquina [Fr. quinquina] or Jesuites powder. 1699 J. Bouvet Hist. Cang-Hy 67 His Physicians..did all what in them lay to restore him to his Health, but to little purpose, all proving ineffectual, except the Quinquina, of which the two Fathers..had brought a good Quantity along with them. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 474 The fits did not return after the King [sc. Charles II] took Quinquina, called in England the Jesuits powder. 1756 Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 54 Kinkina, one ounce: Venice-treacle and rhubarb, of each half an ounce. 1778 Farmer's Mag. Feb. 46 Among their forest-trees the most valuable is that which yields the quinquina. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. v. 105 He cured him of an ague with quinquina. 1871 W. H. G. Kingston On Banks of Amazon (1876) 101 Since its use became general in Europe, the export trade of the quinquina has been very considerable. 1923 W. Osler Evol. Mod. Med. v. 183 The famous quack, Robert Talbor, sold the secret of preparing quinquina to Louis XIV in 1679 for two thousand louis d'or. 1979 UNESCO Courier July 7 The annual quantities of some of the drugs consumed world-wide since 1974 in the form of pharmaceutical preparations are as follows: 3,000 tonnes of aloes; 10,000 tonnes of fresh artichoke leaves; 5,000 tonnes of quinquina bark; [etc.]. 1999 Lancet 24 July 326/1 In addition to the use of wine, as advocated by Hippocrates, we read about newer remedies, mercury and quinquina. b. More fully quinquina tree. A cinchona tree (genus Cinchona, family Rubiaceae). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > cinchona tree or bark Peruvian bark1663 quinquina1681 Jesuits' Bark1704 quinaquina1708 quinquina1740 cinchona1742 quill bark1742 grey bark1781 red bark1782 bark-tree1783 yellow bark1794 cinchona-bark1811 crown bark1823 Loxa bark1825 Suriname bark1844 Lima bark1855 quinine tree1855 1740 J. Fransham World in Miniature II. 40 Their most valuable Tree is the Kinquina, or Peruvian Bark, which grows in the province of Quitto. 1747 R. James Pharmacopœia Universalis 349/2 Near the town of Loxa was a Lake surrounded with Quinquina Trees, before the Spaniards settled in that Country. 1794 J. Relph Inq. Med. Efficacy Yellow Bark 23 The red Quinquina trees..the white Quinquina. 1821 A. B. Lambert (title) An illustration of the genus Cinchona: comprising..Baron Humboldt's account of the cinchona forests of South America, and Lambert's memoir of the different species of Quinquina. 1880 C. R. Markham Peruvian Bark 17 The first description of the quinquina-tree is due to that memorable French expedition to South America. 1905 Trenton (New Jersey) Times 15 July 3/5 The treasures which Peru yields..are not to be compared for utility with the bark of the quinquina tree, which they for a long time ignored. 2. Any of several French aperitif wines flavoured with quinine. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > French wines > [noun] > other French wines osey1381 Rochellec1400 Gasconc1460 galliac1530 Orleans1536 Cognac wine1594 frontignac1629 Languedoc1666 Pontac1674 Sillery1680 braquet1753 frontignan1756 Roussillon1772 Sancerre1787 Alsace1793 Rivesaltes1807 Muscadet1825 Monbazillac1833 vin gris1833 pelure d'oignon1843 grenache1851 Masdeu1851 Vouvray1883 Saumur1888 quinquina1899 St. Raphael1899 Jurançon1920 Minervois1928 Riquewihr1938 blanc de blancs1952 Quincy1958 Tokay wine1959 Loire1974 1899 Times 23 Sept. 5/6 They brought us some well-stocked baskets, containing..white wine, mineral water, and two little flasks of quinquina and rum. 1900 C. Baedeker Paris & Environs (ed. 14) 20 Liqueurs..are largely consumed as ‘aperitifs’ or ‘appetizers’ before meals. Among these are Absinthe, Vermouth.., Anisette, and Quinquina. 1942 Penguin New Writing 14 72 Damn that waiter! Why must he bring me quinquina instead of pastis? 2004 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 14 July f6 Traditional wine-based aperitifs include..quinquinas..such as Dubonnet, Lillet, Byrrh and St. Raphael. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1681
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