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单词 racemize
释义

racemizev.

Brit. /ˈrasᵻmʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈræsəˌmaɪz/, /reɪˈsiˌmaɪz/, /rəˈsiˌmaɪz/
Forms: 1900s– racemise, 1900s– racemize.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: racemic adj., -ize suffix.
Etymology: < racem- (in racemic adj.) + -ize suffix. Compare slightly earlier racemized adj., racemization n.
Chemistry.
1. transitive. To convert (an optically active substance or structure) into a racemic form.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > isomerism > subject to isomerism [verb (transitive)] > subject to racemization
racemize1901
1901 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 23 918 The asymmetric sulphur atom is easily racemized; i. e., rendered inactive by isomerization of half the molecules present.
1938 G. H. Richter Textbk. Org. Chem. xvii. 335 Many natural products which occur only as one optical antipode may be racemized and resolved into both optical antipodes.
1976 T. H. Lowry & K. S. Richardson Mechanism & Theory Org. Chem. v. 218 The excess of rate of loss of optical activity..over rate of product formation..means that some process racemizes the substrate more rapidly than the substrate can form products.
1994 Jrnl. Amer. Coll. Nutrition 13 209 It has been reported that microwave heating of infant formulae can isomerize and racemize amino acids in the milk proteins.
2. intransitive. To undergo conversion to a racemic form.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > isomerism > undergo isomerism [verb (intransitive)] > undergo racemization
racemize1913
1913 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 103 607 The hydrogen d. camphorate..racemises within twenty hours of making up the aqueous solution.
1965 G. Hallas Org. Stereochem. ii. 35 Several compounds are known to racemize via non-ionic planar intermediates.
2001 Chemicals & Materials from Renewable Resources (ACS Symp. Ser. No. 784) xii. 156 Inspection..showed that 5–15% of the stereocenters racemized during the polymerization, and this stereo-irregularity likely frustrates crystallization.

Derivatives

ˈracemizing n. (usually attributive).
ΚΠ
1904 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 85 1253 The racemising effect of the alkali during hydrolysis of the esters.
1992 Internat. Jrnl. Peptide & Protein Res. 41 323 The racemization rate mainly depends..on the kind of ketone and carboxylic acid used, the best racemizing medium being acetone containing 15% acetic acid.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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