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单词 pyrrhic
释义

pyrrhicn.2adj.3

Brit. /ˈpɪrɪk/, U.S. /ˈpɪrɪk/
Forms: 1600s 1800s pyrrhich, 1600s–1700s pyrrhick, 1600s– pyrrhic, 1700s phyrric, 1700s pyrrhique, 1700s pyrrick, 1800s pyrrich.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pyrrhichius.
Etymology: < classical Latin pyrrhichius metrical foot consisting of two short syllables < Hellenistic Greek πυρρίχιος , use as noun (short for ποὺς πυρρίχιος pyrrhic foot) of masculine of πυρρίχιος of or relating to the pyrrhic dance < ancient Greek πυρρίχη pyrrhic n.1 + -ιος , suffix forming adjectives. Compare French pyrrhicque , noun (c1600). Compare earlier pyrrhichius n.
Prosody.
A. n.2
A metrical foot consisting of two short syllables or (in accentual verse) of two unstressed syllables.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > metre > [noun] > foot > pyrrhic
pyrrhichius1540
pyrrhic1610
1610 J. Selden Michael! in M. Drayton Poems (rev. ed.) sig. A5 Thy Martiall Pyrrhique, and thy Epique straine Digesting Warres with heart-vniting Loues.
1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes iv. iv. 58 in Wks. II His Hyper, and his Brachy-Catalecticks, His Pyrrhicks, Epitrites, and Choriambicks.
1715 L. Theobald tr. Aristophanes Clouds 30 By them you will distinguish which Measure runs in Pyrricks, and which in Dactyls.
1749 J. Mason Ess. Power of Numbers & Princ. Harmony 43 A Pyrrhic may possess any Place of the Verse except the last. But wherever it is, it gives a brisk Movement to the Measure.
1798 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 4) iv. ii. 204 A phyrric [sic] has both the words or syllables unaccented: as, ‘Ŏn thĕ tall tree..’.
1848 E. A. Poe in Southern Lit. Messenger 14 578/2 The Greek and Latin metres abound in the spondee and pyrrhic—the former consisting of two long syllables; the latter of two short.
1871 H. J. Roby Gram. Lat. Lang. i. xii. §289 Of words ending in ă or ŏ a pyrrich or dactyl is rarely elided before a short syllable, except (1) in proper names; or (2) in first foot [etc.].
1886 J. B. Mayor Eng. Metre ii. 31 They intended to vary the ordinary rhythm by introducing an accentual pyrrhic.
1907 T. S. Omond Eng. Metrists 175 A trochee he [sc. Ruskin] prefers to name choreus, keeping the former term for what most writers call pyrrhic or dibrach.
1931 Eng. Jrnl. 20 481 Although our high-school texts, and texts on the teaching of English, usually list the six most useful classical feet—the iamb, trochee, anapest, dactyl, spondee, and pyrrhic—they frequently omit the last two from practical consideration.
1994 Computers & Humanities 28 25/1 Students..will need to indicate where in a line they might find a trochee, pyrrhic; spondee, or anapest..instead of an iamb.
B. adj.3
Consisting of two short or unstressed syllables; composed of or relating to pyrrhics.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > metre > [adjective] > composed in feet > pyrrhic
pyrrhic1749
1749 J. Mason Ess. Power of Numbers & Princ. Harmony 16 I have exemplified the Pyrrhic, which contains two short Times, by two short Monosyllables, because every Word of two Syllables hath in the Pronunciation an Accent upon one of them, and in English Metre every accented Syllable is long; and therefore no English Word of two Syllables can properly exemplify a Pyrrhic Foot.
1835 L. Alexander Young Lady & Gentleman's Guide Gram. 100 The Pyrrhic form you easily may know: In two short syllables 'twill always flow.
1899 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 20 419 Any iambic syllable-sequence may become pyrrhic when the word-accent or verse-accent (stress-ictus) rests upon the syllable immediately preceding or immediately following the long syllable.
1920 Classical Rev. 34 164 In those verses of Juvenal which have the normal caesura, and in which the fourth foot is a spondee consisting of a single word, the latter half of the third foot is often a monosyllable, seldom a word of pyrrhic scansion.
1965 PMLA 80 241 The commonest spondees and those least disturbing to the rhythm of a line are those that occur paired with and following a pyrrhic foot.
1994 Slavic & East European Jrnl. 38 52 The meter is not Akhmatova's; rather, it is trochaic pentameter with one pyrrhic foot.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pyrrhicadj.1n.1

Brit. /ˈpɪrɪk/, U.S. /ˈpɪrɪk/
Forms:

α. 1500s pirrhicke, 1500s pyrrhicke, 1600s pirhicke, 1600s pyrrhice, 1600s pyrrhich, 1600s pyrrhik, 1600s–1700s pyrrhick, 1600s–1700s pyrrick, 1600s– pyrrhic, 1700s pyrric.

β. 1700s pyrrichia, 1700s pyrricha.

Also with capital initial.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pyrrhichus, pyrrhicha.
Etymology: As adjective < post-classical Latin pyrrhichus of or relating to the pyrrhic dance (5th cent.) < classical Latin pyrrhicha (see below). As noun < classical Latin pyrrhicha kind of war dance < ancient Greek πυρρίχη , use as noun (short for πυρρίχη ὄρχησις pyrrhic dance) of feminine of πυρρίχος reddish < πυρρός reddish (see pyrrhous adj.) + -ίχος, expressive suffix. Compare Middle French perrique, pirriche (1380; French pyrrique).Ancient Greek πυρρίχη is said by some ancient Greek authors to have been so named from a certain Πύρριχος , the inventor of the dance; it is also sometimes attributed (originally by Pliny) to an unspecified person named Pyrrhus . In form pyrricha reflecting the classical Latin noun; in form pyrrichia perhaps influenced by pyrrichius pyrrhic n.2
Ancient Greek History.
A. adj.1
Designating an ancient Greek war dance simulating the movements of combat and performed in full armour; of, relating to, or resembling this dance. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > war > [adjective] > war-dance
pyrrhical1583
pyrrhic1587
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > war-dance > [adjective] > specific war-dance
pyrrhical1583
pyrrhic1587
1587 A. Golding tr. Solinus Worthie Work xv. sig. L.iv It [sc. Crete] was the first that taught dauncing in Armor, called the Pyrrhicke daunce, of Pyrrhus the first deuiser thereof [L. Pyrrhicem docuit Pyrrho reptore].
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. ii. 67 His Pyrrhik Galiard, like a War-like March.
1631 B. Jonson New Inne i. iii. 63 Doe they not still Learne there..The Pyrrhick gestures, both to dance, and spring In armour, to be actiue for the Warres?
1660 S. Pordage in tr. Seneca Troades Comm. 63 This was a Dance in complete harness, invented by Pyrrhus, and therefore called Pyrrhica saltatio, or the Pyrrhic Dance.
1718 A. Pope in tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. Observ. 1287 The Cretans were peculiarly addicted to this Exercise [sc. dancing], and in particular are said to have invented the Pyrrhic Dance, which was perform'd in compleat Armour.
1748 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 11 Oct. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1238 I now plainly see the prelude to the Pyrrhic dance in the north, which I have long foretold.
1772 J. Cosens Econ. Beauty I. sig. H 2 'Tis true, an atcient Sage advances The Virtues may be taught by Dances, The Cretan and the Pyrrhic Modes Were worthy Heroes, Kings and Gods.
1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul iii. iii. 386 Their amusements are listening to songs..and dancing a sort of Pyrrhic dance, in which they go through some warlike attitudes, and leap about flourishing their swords.
1821 Ld. Byron Isles of Greece in Don Juan: Canto III 49 You have the Pyrrhic dance as yet, Where is the Pyrrhic phalanx gone?
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. viii. 171 Under the furious indignation of the bull-dog, who performed a Pyrrhic dance.
1901 ‘M. Field’ Race of Leaves 35 You shall earn twelve pieces Of gold to-night at supper, if you dance Your Pyrrhic dance for one.
1931 J. Gavorse Suetonius' Lives Twelve Caesars vi. 248 He also presented pyrrhic dances by some Greek youths.
1997 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 117 166 Money and bulls for sacrifice were given to victors in the pyrrhic dance, torch race..and the competition in manly excellence.
B. n.1
A dance of this kind. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > war > [noun] > war-dance
pyrrhic1598
war dance1757
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > war-dance > [noun] > specific
pyrrhic1598
1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. vi. i. 94 Or dance a sober Pirrhicke in the field.
1717 J. Weaver Loves of Mars & Venus i. 17 Four Followers, or Attendants of Mars, arm'd with Sword, and Target, enter and Dance a Pyrrhic to a March.
1776 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music I. 76 Proper for military dances, called Pyrrhics, in which the dancers are armed.
1810 Ld. Byron Wks. II. (1898–1904) 124 Dervish excelled in the dance of his country, conjectured to be a remnant of the ancient Pyrrhic.
1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 800/1 The Pyrrhic (derived from the Memphitic) in all its local varieties.
1906 19th Cent. Mar. 450 In Sparta..all who were above five years of age learnt the Pyrrhic.
1954 W. R. Trask tr. M. Eliade Myth of Eternal Return i. 28 The model may have been revealed by a divinity (for example the pyrrhic, the martial dance created by Athena).
2000 L. A. Tritle From Melos to My Lai x. 190 The most widely performed warriors' dance was the pyrrhic, a war dance that emerged from sacrifices associated with hunting and war.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Pyrrhicadj.2

Brit. /ˈpɪrɪk/, U.S. /ˈpɪrɪk/
Forms: 1600s Pyrrhick, 1700s– Pyrrhic; also with lower-case initial.
Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek Πυρρικός.
Etymology: < ancient Greek Πυρρικός of or relating to Pyrrhus < Πύρρος (classical Latin Pyrrhus ), the name of a king of Epirus who made war on Rome 280–274 b.c. + -ικός -ic suffix.
Of, or resembling that of, Pyrrhus; esp. (of a victory, etc.) resembling the victory of Pyrrhus over the Romans at the battle of Asculum (279 b.c.), in which he defeated the Romans but suffered a great number of casualties; (hence) gained at too great a cost to be worthwhile. Frequently in Pyrrhic victory.Chiefly with allusion to the exclamation attributed to Pyrrhus after the battle of Asculum: Ἂν ἔτι μίαν μάχην νικήσωμεν, ἀπολώλαμεν, ‘one more such victory and we are lost’ ( Plutarch Moralia 184 C).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [noun] > ultimate success or victory > involving one's own ruin
Cadmean victory1603
Pyrrhic victory1675
1675 E. Sherburne tr. M. Manilius Sphere 54 The Generous Brutus her Infranchiser, Papyrius, who reveng'd the Pyrrhick War [L. Pyrrhi..bella].
1773 W. Melmoth tr. Cicero Cato 27 It is evident therefore that he must have been a very old man, at the time of the Pyrrhic war [L. Pyrrhi bello].
1836 Times 27 Jan. 2/5 The return of Lord Melbourne at the best was but a Pyrrhic triumph.
1856 Times 22 Jan. 6/5 As the state of hostility in those regions appeared to be chronic..England had won a pyrrhic victory.
1871 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. v. 430 Temporarily suspended during the height of the Pyrrhic War..they [sc. animosities between Carthage and Rome] burst out at its close.
1885 Daily Tel. 17 Dec. Although its acceptance might secure for the moment the triumph of a party division, it would be indeed a Pyrrhic victory.
1916 H. H. Powers Things Men fight For viii. 129 But the force of the empire, no longer recruited by conquest, rapidly declined. The defeat over Venice was a pyrrhic victory.
1932 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 52 132/1 Little more than the podium of the temple survived the Pyrrhic wars.
1973 Austral. Humanist 26 1/1 The victory of the Roman Catholic-dominated Right to Life Association over the McKenzie-Lamb private members Bill to provide abortions on request..will be seen by social historians of the future as pyrrhic.
1998 Daily Tel. 26 Mar. 28/6 For the Chancellor who has been running Germany for 16 years, pushing through the euro could be pyrrhic.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.2adj.31610adj.1n.11587adj.21675
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