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单词 quede
释义

† queden.adj.

Forms: Old English cwæð, Old English cweð, Old English–early Middle English cwead, Old English–early Middle English cwed, late Old English cwæd, early Middle English cued, early Middle English quet, Middle English kuead (south-eastern), Middle English kueade (south-eastern), Middle English kued (south-eastern), Middle English quead, Middle English queade, Middle English qued, Middle English queede, Middle English qwed, Middle English qwede, Middle English qweed, Middle English 1600s quad, Middle English 1600s queed, Middle English 1700s quede, Middle English–1600s quade, late Middle English queyd; Scottish pre-1700 quade, pre-1700 quaid, pre-1700 queid, pre-1700 quyed, pre-1700 1800s quad, 1800s qued, 1800s qwed; N.E.D. (1902) also records a form late Middle English qweþe.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian quād (later also quā, quēd) excrement, dung, (as adjective) bad, wicked, defective (West Frisian kwead, kwea), and apparently further related to Middle Dutch quaet (as noun and adjective) evil, wrong, ill (Dutch kwaad), Middle Low German quāt (as noun and adjective) evil, wrong, ill, (rarely also) dirt, filth, Old High German quāt, kōt excrement, dung (Middle High German quāt, kāt, quōt, kōt, also (as adjective) quāt evil, bad; German Kot), although the stem vowel in Old English and Old Frisian is difficult to account for; variants of the same Indo-European base may be shown by Sanskrit gūtha dirt, excrement, Armenian kow, koy dung, Old Russian, Russian govno dung, manure, excrement.Slightly earlier currency of the adjective is shown by quedeship n. and quedely adv., and is probably also implied by the surname Hugo Quedman (1201).
Obsolete.
A. n.
1. Dung, excrement, filth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > faeces > [noun]
gorec725
mixeOE
quedeeOE
turdeOE
dungOE
worthinga1225
dirta1300
drega1300
naturea1325
fen1340
ordurec1390
fimea1475
merd1486
stercory1496
avoidc1503
siegec1530
fex1540
excrement1541
hinder-fallings1561
gong1562
foil1565
voiding1577
pilgrim-salvec1580
egestion1583
shita1585
sir-reverence1592
purgament1597
filinga1622
faecesa1625
exclusion1646
faecality1653
tantadlin1654
surreverence1655
draught1659
excrementitiousness1660
jakes1701
old golda1704
dejection1728
dejecture1731
shitea1733
feculence1733
doll1825
crap1846
excreta1857
excretes1883
hockey1886
dejecta1887
job1899
number two1902
mess1903
ming1923
do1930
tomtit1930
pony1931
No. 21937
dog shit1944
Shinola1944
big job1945
biggie1953
doo-doo1954
doings1957
gick1959
pooh1960
pooh-pooh1962
dooky1965
poopy1970
whoopsie1973
pucky1980
jobbie1981
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. l. 124 Wið deawwyrme sume nimað wearm cwead monnes þynne, bindað neahterne on.
OE Blickling Glosses 255/1 Stercus : cwed uel meox.
OE Arundel Psalter cxii. 7 Suscitans a terra inopem, et de stercore erigens pauperem : aweccende of eorðan wædlan & of cweade arærende þearfan.
2. Evil, wickedness; mischief; harm. Also: an evil thing, an evil deed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun]
burstc1000
harmOE
scatheOE
teenOE
evil healc1175
waningc1175
hurt?c1225
quede?c1225
balec1275
damage1300
follyc1300
grill13..
ungain13..
torferc1325
eviltyc1330
wem1338
impairment1340
marring1357
unhend1377
sorrowc1380
pairingc1384
pairmentc1384
mischiefc1385
offencec1385
appairment1388
hindering1390
noyinga1398
bresta1400
envya1400
wemminga1400
gremec1400
wilc1400
blemishing1413
lesion?a1425
nocument?a1425
injuryc1430
mischieving1432
hindrance1436
detrimenta1440
ill1470
untroth1470
diversity1484
remordc1485
unhappinessc1485
grudge1491
wriguldy-wrag?1520
danger1530
dishort1535
perishment1540
wreaka1542
emperishment1545
impeachment1548
indemnity1556
impair1568
spoil1572
impeach1575
interestc1575
emblemishing1583
mishap1587
endamagement1593
blemishment1596
mischievance1600
damnificationa1631
oblesion1656
mishanter1754
vitiation1802
mar1876
jeel1887
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harmful mischievousness > harmful mischief > [noun]
quede?c1225
follyc1300
unhend1377
envya1400
untroth1470
diversity1484
unhappinessc1485
wriguldy-wrag?1520
jeel1887
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 250 Ofte we weneð..wel to donne & doð al to cwede [c1230 Corpus cweade].
?a1300 Fox & Wolf 210 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 34 (MED) Ich habbe ofte sehid qued bi þe.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 5508 Com we nouȝt hider for þi qued..ac for þi gode.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 28 Uor þe guodes of oþren he missayþ, and his lesseþ..uor þe kueades of oþren he hise moreþ.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 417 (MED) At Penbrook in a stede, Fendes dooþ ofte quede.
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 2927 Comyst þou for good or qwed?
?a1500 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 79 The hed-veyne cleped he is; The body abouen and the hed He clensith well from euery qued.
c1506 in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) I. 168 This knaues be deade, Full of myschiefe and queed.
1565 J. Hall Court of Virtue (1961) 241 For reason there is capiuate, Reiect and cast out as a slaue, Tyll theyr owne swinge doth bring the quade Whose end doth shew how much they raue.
3.
a. With the. The Devil.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun]
devileOE
Beelzebubc950
the foul ghosteOE
SatanOE
warlockOE
SatanasOE
worsea1200
unwinea1225
wondc1250
quedea1275
pucka1300
serpenta1300
dragon1340
shrew1362
Apollyon1382
the god of this worldc1384
Mahoundc1400
leviathan1412
worsta1425
old enemyc1449
Ruffin1567
dismal1570
Plotcocka1578
the Wicked One1582
goodman1603
Mahu1603
foul thief1609
somebody1609
legiona1616
Lord of Flies1622
walliman1629
shaitan1638
Old Nicka1643
Nick1647
unsel?1675
old gentleman1681
old boy1692
the gentleman in black1693
deuce1694
Black Spy1699
the vicious one1713
worricow1719
Old Roger1725
Lord of the Flies1727
Simmie1728
Old Scratch1734
Old Harry1777
Old Poker1784
Auld Hornie1786
old (auld), ill thief1789
old one1790
little-good1821
Tom Walker1833
bogy1840
diabolarch1845
Old Ned1859
iniquity1899
a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 49 (MED) Ne mai no mon tellen hu lodliche is þe qued.
c1275 Doomsday (Calig.) in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 45 Þe wile þat we mihte, so litte we hire sende; Þat makede þe cwed, so fule he us blende.
?1316 Short Metrical Chron. (Royal) 210 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II. 279 (MED) Tho thes maister was ded, Anon he wende to the qued.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 6429 Hii bitoke þe qued hor soule, þe kunde eirs to bitraye.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. 189 He shulde take þe acquitance..and to þe qued schewe it.
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 6 (MED) Whanne y schal drawe to deed..lete me neuere falle in boondis of þe queed.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 175 I wille that the Cokke have the quede, and for his songe he shall be dede.
1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Queed, (q. Quade) o[ld word]. Devil.
a1770 T. Chatterton Compl. Wks. (1971) I. 291 I kenne not but for thee, I to the Qwood [Note perhaps Qweed intended] muste goe.]
b. A bad or wicked person.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > evil person > [noun]
fiendc1220
shrewc1250
quedea1275
felon1340
malfeasorc1380
evil-doer1398
forfeiter1413
pucka1450
malefactor?c1450
wicked-doerc1450
improbe1484
wicked1484
Gomorrheana1529
dunghill1542
felonian1594
naughta1639
black sheep1640
pimp1649
hellicat1816
malfeasant1867
a bad sortc1869
bad seed1954
bloody1960
society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [noun] > wicked person
warlockOE
shrewc1250
quedea1275
wick1297
felon1340
son of perditionc1384
nicec1400
pucka1450
sorrowc1450
improbe1484
wicked1484
naughtyc1580
stigmatic1597
thornback1599
stigmatist1607
naughta1639
dungeona1728
a1275 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Trin. Cambr.) (1955) 133 (MED) Þe rede mon, he is aquet [read a quet], for he wole þe þin iwil red.
?a1300 (c1250) Prov. Hendyng (Digby) xxviii, in Anglia (1881) 4 196 He..is himself þe meste qued Þat evere more brekeþ bred.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4063 Balaam, ðat ille quad [rhyme dead].
c1390 Cato's Distichs (Vernon) 440 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 589 (MED) Saue þi gode los, And beo I-holden no qued.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 8480 Samuel did Agag to dede, Kyng of Amalech was þat quede.
a1500 (?a1475) Guy of Warwick (Cambr. Ff.2.38) 8214 Arste wyll y be drawyn..Then euyr y schulde in soche a nede Ȝelde me vnto soche a quede.
B. adj.
1. Evil, wicked, bad.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [adjective]
woughc888
litherc893
frakeda900
sinnyc950
unrighteouseOE
baleOE
manOE
unfeleOE
ungoodc1000
unwrasta1122
illc1175
nithec1175
wickc1175
hinderfulc1200
quedec1275
wickedc1275
wondlichc1275
unkindc1325
badc1330
divers1340
wrakefula1350
felonousc1374
flagitiousc1384
lewdc1386
noughta1387
ungoodly1390
unquertc1390
diverse1393
felona1400
imperfectc1400
unfairc1400
unfinec1400
unblesseda1425
meschant?c1450
naughtyc1460
feculent1471
sinister1474
noughty?1490
ill-deedya1500
pernicious?1533
scelerous1534
naught1536
goodlyc1560
nefarious1567
iron1574
felly1583
paganish1587
improbate1596
malefactious1607
villain1607
infand1608
scelestious1609
illful1613
scelestic1628
inimicitious1641
infandous1645
iniquous1655
improbous1657
malefactory1667
perta1704
iniquitous1726
unracy1782
unredeemed1799
demoralized1800
fetid1805
scarlet1820
gammy1832
nefast1849
disvaluable1942
badass1955
bad-assed1962
society > morality > moral evil > [adjective]
unfairc888
missOE
ungoodc1000
quedec1275
wondlichc1275
badc1330
divers1340
quedeful1340
shrewdc1384
lewdc1386
ungoodly1390
diverse1393
noughta1400
imperfectc1400
noughtyc1400
unblesseda1425
sinister1474
naughty?a1500
podea1522
naught1536
pelsy1785
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 14772 Monies godes monnes sune in vncuðe londe..is icleoped cued.
?a1300 Fox & Wolf 200 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 33 (MED) Ich habbe ben qued al mi lifdaie.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 536 Wapmen bi-gunnen quad mester.
c1390 G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale 1628 God yeue the monk a thousand last quade yeer.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 37 Þou take gode ale, þat is not quede.
1501 G. Douglas Palace of Honour i. lxii This inordinate court, and proces quaid [rhymes braid, laid] I will obiect.
1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS f. 227 All gammis ar me queid [rhyme fairheid], so neir to grund I ga.
1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 23v Quad knaif, thow was ouir negligent.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 18 ‘How Wind you?’ ‘East.’ A bad quade Wind.
2. Fierce, hostile; inimical (to someone or something).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective]
witherwardc888
unholdc900
fremda1000
foeOE
hatelyOE
onwardOE
fiendlyc1050
witherc1175
unbaina1300
quedec1300
wrong1340
aliena1382
enemiablea1382
enemyfula1382
enemyc1384
ingrate1393
unfriendly1425
undisposed1456
oppugnanta1513
infest1513
enemious?1529
cold1557
enemylike1561
enemyly1573
ingratefulc1575
opposed1584
misliking1586
infestuous1593
infensive1596
infestious1597
affrontous1598
foe-hearted1598
ill-affecteda1599
inimicous1598
friendless?1611
haggardly1635
infensea1641
inimicitious1641
inimicitial1656
inimical1678
inamicable1683
indisposed1702
uneasy1725
hostile1791
adversarial1839
chilly1841
c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 687 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 319 (MED) Ho-so hath of fuyre mest..is blac with cripse here, lene and sumdel qued.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 1498 (MED) Clowes he [sc. a dragon] hadde qued, Hoked tail and mouþe wide.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 8535 (MED) Þe cite of Cartage..to Rome was euer qued [a1400 Vesp. fede].
c1450 (c1420) J. Page Siege of Rouen (Bodl.) 65 Owre men gaff ham sum off here brede Thow thay to us ware now so quede.
c1450 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Calig. A.ii) (1969) 1315 (MED) Maugys was queynte and quede And smot of þe stedes heed.

Derivatives

quedeful adj. full of evil or wickedness.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > [adjective]
unfairc888
missOE
ungoodc1000
quedec1275
wondlichc1275
badc1330
divers1340
quedeful1340
shrewdc1384
lewdc1386
ungoodly1390
diverse1393
noughta1400
imperfectc1400
noughtyc1400
unblesseda1425
sinister1474
naughty?a1500
podea1522
naught1536
pelsy1785
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 6 (MED) Þe wone [sc. of swearing] is kueaduol and may wel wende to zenne dyadliche.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 541 (MED) Unkinde kiþe ȝe ȝou to kille ȝour children To queme quedfulle godus þat quenchen ȝour blisse.
quedeness n. evil, wickedness.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [noun]
woughc888
manOE
evilness1000
evilc1040
un-i-thora1200
witherfulnessc1200
mixshipc1225
quedeship?c1225
lithernessa1240
unwrastshipa1250
felonyc1290
shrewheadc1290
litherhead1297
wickedheada1300
wicknessa1300
follyc1300
shrewdom13..
wickhedec1305
shrewdheadc1315
shrewdnessc1315
unwrastnessc1315
wickc1330
wickednessa1340
quedehead1340
quedeness1340
lewdnessa1387
felona1400
wickedleka1400
wickedredea1400
badnessc1400
shrewdshipc1400
shrewnessc1425
wickdomc1440
noughtinessa1500
naughtiness?1529
sinfulness1530
noughtihoodc1540
meschancy1609
scelerateness1613
meschantnessa1630
nefariousness1727
devilness1853
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 40 Ofte lyese þe guode playntes be hare kueadnesse.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) x. 6 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 143 Þat loues quednes, his saule hates he.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.adj.eOE
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