pyridinen.

Brit.

/ˈpɪrᵻdiːn/, U.S.

/ˈpɪrəˌdin/,

/ˈpɪrəd(ə)n/

Forms: 1800s– pyridin, 1800s– pyridine.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek πῦρ , -idine suffix.

Etymology: Apparently < ancient Greek πῦρ fire (see pyro- comb. form) + -idine suffix, perhaps influenced by pyrrole n.

Chemistry.

A weakly basic, colourless, volatile liquid with a pungent odour, which is a component of coal tar and bone oil and is used as a solvent and in chemical manufacture.Pyridine is a heteroaromatic compound whose molecule is a benzene ring with one CH group replaced by a nitrogen atom. Formula: C₅H₅N.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous chemicals

mercury sublimy?1540

sublimate1543

sublimatum1558

sublimy1558

mercury sublimate1562

corrosive sublimate1664

sweet sublimate1664

supplement1769

Prussian acid1783

oxalic acid1788

prussic acid1788

cyanide1815

cyanuret1827

nitrobenzide1835

nitrobenzol1848

pyridine1851

nitrobenzene1852

isonitrile1871

iso-cyanide1877

1851 T. Anderson in Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. (1853) 20 253 The first of these [sc. pyrrole bases], to which I give the name of pyridine.

1888 Daily News 26 June 7/7 The latest practice adopted by the German Government..is that of mingling with the [methylated] spirit ‘pyridine’, an essence which gives the ‘peculiarly offensive and characteristic odour’ to a refuse of the gas-works which the men call ‘devil water’.

1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. vi. xx. 226 When pyridine is reduced..the compound piperidine, C₅H₁₁N, is obtained.

1992 Australasian Post (Melbourne) 30 May 39/1 The smell derives from pyridine, an organic substance added to metho to make it unpalatable to drinkers.

1998 E. G. Brown Ring Nitrogen & Key Biomolecules iv. 72 Many of the chemical properties of pyridine are..those of a tertiary amine.

Compounds

pyridine base n. any of various basic compounds containing the heteroaromatic C₅N ring present in pyridine.

ΚΠ

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 259 (heading) Pyradine bases.

1871 Proc. Royal Soc. 20 208 (title) Carbon groups analogous to..those contained in the pyridine bases.

1932 Amer. Jrnl. Cancer 16 1513 The tar of cigarette smoke contains nicotine, phenolic bodies, pyridine bases, and ammonia.

1992 Jrnl. Org. Chem. 57 36/1 The configuration of the carbon bearing the carboxyl group and an added pyridine base play an important role in the stereoselectivity of the reaction.

pyridinecarboxylic acid n. each of three acids (picolinic, nicotinic, and isonicotinic acids) that are substituted derivatives of pyridine in which a carboxyl group occurs in place of a hydrogen atom.

ΚΠ

1880 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 406 The three possible pyridinecarboxylic acids are now known, viz., pyrocinchomeronic, nicotinic, and picolinic acids.

1967 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 5) I. xxx. 810 Pyridinecarboxylic acids. There are three monocarboxylic acids, and each may be obtained by oxidising the corresponding picoline.

2004 Jrnl. Biotechnol. 113 184/1 The production of specifically hydroxylated pyrazine- and pyridinecarboxylic acids from the corresponding acids or cyano-compounds.

pyridine nucleotide n. Biochemistry any nucleotide containing a pyridine derivative (esp. nicotinamide); spec. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate (NADP).

ΚΠ

1936 Chem. Abstr. 30 8262 Cozymase is an adenine-pyridine-nucleotide, which is a H-transporter because the pyridine changes to dihydropyridine.]

1937 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 122 355 The question then arose whether or not the action of pyridine nucleotide triphosphate was specific and if it could be replaced by pyridine nucleotide diphosphate.

1951 L. E. H. Whitby & M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) xvi. 282 The V factor is the di- or tri-phosphate of pyridine nucleotide, coenzymes that act as intermediate hydrogen receptors in cytochrome and other respiratory mechanisms.

1966 S. P. Colowick et al. in Florkin & Stotz Comprehensive Biochem. XIV. i. 4 The pyridine nucleotides are thus concerned in virtually all biosynthetic and degradative processes involving oxidation-reduction steps.

2003 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 16123/2 Three sequential reactions..of which the first and third require molecular oxygen and pyridine nucleotide cofactors.

Derivatives

pyˈridic adj. now rare of or relating to pyridine or the pyridine bases.

ΚΠ

1855 W. Odling tr. A. Laurent Chem. Method iv. 309 The pyridic, phenic, toluic, xylenic, mesytic, and cymenic series.

1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids ii. iii. 93 A base which seems to belong to the pyridic group.

1992 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 114 8636/2 The..total electron populations are nearly constant for pyridic..and amino-group..nitrogens.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pyridine
释义	pyridinen. Brit. /ˈpɪrᵻdiːn/, U.S. /ˈpɪrəˌdin/, /ˈpɪrəd(ə)n/ Forms: 1800s– pyridin, 1800s– pyridine. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek πῦρ , -idine suffix. Etymology: Apparently < ancient Greek πῦρ fire (see pyro- comb. form) + -idine suffix, perhaps influenced by pyrrole n. Chemistry. A weakly basic, colourless, volatile liquid with a pungent odour, which is a component of coal tar and bone oil and is used as a solvent and in chemical manufacture.Pyridine is a heteroaromatic compound whose molecule is a benzene ring with one CH group replaced by a nitrogen atom. Formula: C₅H₅N. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous chemicals mercury sublimy?1540 sublimate1543 sublimatum1558 sublimy1558 mercury sublimate1562 corrosive sublimate1664 sweet sublimate1664 supplement1769 Prussian acid1783 oxalic acid1788 prussic acid1788 cyanide1815 cyanuret1827 nitrobenzide1835 nitrobenzol1848 pyridine1851 nitrobenzene1852 isonitrile1871 iso-cyanide1877 1851 T. Anderson in Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. (1853) 20 253 The first of these [sc. pyrrole bases], to which I give the name of pyridine. 1888 Daily News 26 June 7/7 The latest practice adopted by the German Government..is that of mingling with the [methylated] spirit ‘pyridine’, an essence which gives the ‘peculiarly offensive and characteristic odour’ to a refuse of the gas-works which the men call ‘devil water’. 1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. vi. xx. 226 When pyridine is reduced..the compound piperidine, C₅H₁₁N, is obtained. 1992 Australasian Post (Melbourne) 30 May 39/1 The smell derives from pyridine, an organic substance added to metho to make it unpalatable to drinkers. 1998 E. G. Brown Ring Nitrogen & Key Biomolecules iv. 72 Many of the chemical properties of pyridine are..those of a tertiary amine. Compounds pyridine base n. any of various basic compounds containing the heteroaromatic C₅N ring present in pyridine. ΚΠ 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 259 (heading) Pyradine bases. 1871 Proc. Royal Soc. 20 208 (title) Carbon groups analogous to..those contained in the pyridine bases. 1932 Amer. Jrnl. Cancer 16 1513 The tar of cigarette smoke contains nicotine, phenolic bodies, pyridine bases, and ammonia. 1992 Jrnl. Org. Chem. 57 36/1 The configuration of the carbon bearing the carboxyl group and an added pyridine base play an important role in the stereoselectivity of the reaction. pyridinecarboxylic acid n. each of three acids (picolinic, nicotinic, and isonicotinic acids) that are substituted derivatives of pyridine in which a carboxyl group occurs in place of a hydrogen atom. ΚΠ 1880 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 406 The three possible pyridinecarboxylic acids are now known, viz., pyrocinchomeronic, nicotinic, and picolinic acids. 1967 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 5) I. xxx. 810 Pyridinecarboxylic acids. There are three monocarboxylic acids, and each may be obtained by oxidising the corresponding picoline. 2004 Jrnl. Biotechnol. 113 184/1 The production of specifically hydroxylated pyrazine- and pyridinecarboxylic acids from the corresponding acids or cyano-compounds. pyridine nucleotide n. Biochemistry any nucleotide containing a pyridine derivative (esp. nicotinamide); spec. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate (NADP). ΚΠ 1936 Chem. Abstr. 30 8262 Cozymase is an adenine-pyridine-nucleotide, which is a H-transporter because the pyridine changes to dihydropyridine.] 1937 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 122 355 The question then arose whether or not the action of pyridine nucleotide triphosphate was specific and if it could be replaced by pyridine nucleotide diphosphate. 1951 L. E. H. Whitby & M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) xvi. 282 The V factor is the di- or tri-phosphate of pyridine nucleotide, coenzymes that act as intermediate hydrogen receptors in cytochrome and other respiratory mechanisms. 1966 S. P. Colowick et al. in Florkin & Stotz Comprehensive Biochem. XIV. i. 4 The pyridine nucleotides are thus concerned in virtually all biosynthetic and degradative processes involving oxidation-reduction steps. 2003 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 16123/2 Three sequential reactions..of which the first and third require molecular oxygen and pyridine nucleotide cofactors. Derivatives pyˈridic adj. now rare of or relating to pyridine or the pyridine bases. ΚΠ 1855 W. Odling tr. A. Laurent Chem. Method iv. 309 The pyridic, phenic, toluic, xylenic, mesytic, and cymenic series. 1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids ii. iii. 93 A base which seems to belong to the pyridic group. 1992 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 114 8636/2 The..total electron populations are nearly constant for pyridic..and amino-group..nitrogens. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1851
随便看	garance garancin garant garb gag on gag order gag reel gag reflex gag rule gag-bill gag-bit gag-book gag-eater gag-law gag-man gag-piece gag-rein gag-runner gag-snaffle gag-tooth gag-toothed gag-writer gag-writing gaga gagaer