pyrenen.¹

Brit.

/ˈpʌɪriːn/, U.S.

/ˈpaɪˌrin/

Forms:

α. 1800s– pyrene.

β. 1800s pyrena, 1800s pyrenae (plural).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pyrena.

Etymology: < scientific Latin pyrena < ancient Greek πυρήν fruit stone ( < πυρός wheat, grain ( < the same Indo-European base as Old Prussian pure oats, brome-grass, Lithuanian pūrai (plural) winter wheat, Old Church Slavonic pyro spelt, Russian pyrej couch grass, and perhaps furze n.) + -ην , suffix forming nouns) + scientific Latin -a -a suffix¹ 1.

Botany.

The stone of a fruit (esp. a drupe) consisting of a single seed surrounded by a hard woody endocarp. Cf. putamen n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > stone-fruit or drupe > stone or formation of stone

bonec1384

stone?1523

nut1600

ossiculum1706

paip1721

putamen1793

pyrene1800

pit1803

stoning1842

1800 J. Hull Elements Bot. I. 106 Evidently a Pyrene is one thing and a bony seed another.

1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon (at cited word) If a putamen is composed of several cells, each cell takes the name of pyrena, as in Cornus.

1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §553 In the Medlar, the stony endocarps are called pyrenæ.

1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. vii. §2. 296 The pyrenæ or stony inner portion of such carpels when drupaceous or composing a drupe of 2 or more stones.

1910 H. H. Haines Forest Flora Chota Nagpur 223 Breynia... Fr[ui]t drupaceous with 3 pyrenes, each splitting into 2 indehiscent cocci.

1950 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 37 154 Fruit red, or nearly black when ripe..; pyrenes 4–4.5 mm. long.

2002 Jrnl. Exper. Bot. 53 2008 Both Lycium and Grabowskia..have fruits that are defined as pyrenes—having one or two seeds enclosed in indurate endocarp and surrounded by fleshy exocarp.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pyrenen.²

Brit.

/ˈpʌɪriːn/, U.S.

/ˈpaɪˌrin/

Forms: 1800s pyren, 1800s– pyrene.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pyrène.

Etymology: < French pyrène (A. Laurent 1837, in Ann. de Chimie 66 137) < ancient Greek πῦρ fire (see pyro- comb. form) + French -ène -ene comb. form.

Chemistry.

A crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon present in coal tar; any substituted derivative of this compound.The pyrene molecule has a tetracyclic structure with four fused benzene rings. Formula: C₁₆H₁₀.

ΚΠ

1838 Brit. Ann. & Epitome Progress Sci. 1839 356 Pyren, was prepared from the last process by taking the ether which was employed for the purification of the chrysen, [etc.].

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem.: Org. III. 552 Pyrene is soluble in hot ether, and may be separated from chrysene by means of this solvent, which at a low temperature deposits it in microscopic rhomboidal plates.

1932 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 36 1464 Small amounts of anthracene together with pyrene and chrysene were obtained.

1988 New Scientist 21 July 27/2 The addition of the patented mix can dramatically decrease the yield to smokers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as pyrenes, when tobacco is smoked.

2005 Chemosphere 58 646/2 Tires contain several PAH [= polyaromatic hydrocarbon] species that are phototoxic, for instance fluoranthene and pyrene.

Compounds

In the names of compounds formed from pyrene.

pyrene ketone n.

ΚΠ

1886 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 50 948 When pyrenic acid..is distilled with lime, pyrene ketone, probably of the formula C₁₂H₈·CO, is obtained.

1938 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 60 1659/1 The ketone II has been referred to as pyrene ketone, phenalone-9, 1,8-naphthindenone,..and peri-naphthindone.

pyrene quinone n.

ΚΠ

1878 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. (new ed.) III. 1477/2 Pyrene quinone (C₁₆H₈(O₂)″) is obtained as a red powder by the action of chromic acid on a hot solution of pyrene in glacial acetic acid.

1950 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) X. 297/2 Oxidation of pyrene with chromic acid gives first a mixture of 3:10- and 3:8-pyrenequinones..(Bamberger and Philip's pyrenequinone).

2005 Toxicol. Lett. 157 250/1 The pyrene quinones may be formed by further oxidation of 1-OHP [= 1-hydroxypyrene] by CYP450.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Pyreneadj.

Brit.

/ˈpɪrən/, U.S.

/ˈpɪrən/

Forms: late Middle English 1600s–1700s Pirene, 1500s Piren, 1500s–1700s Pyren, 1500s–1700s 1900s– Pyrene.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Pȳrēnē.

Etymology: < classical Latin Pȳrēnē (ancient Greek Πυρήνη ), the name of the Pyrenees. Compare Pyrenean adj., Pyrenee adj., Pyrenees n.The mountains were so called from ancient Greek Πυρήνη , the name of a city in the region frequented by traders. A mythological explanation is also found, that the name derives from the name of the daughter of Bebryx, beloved of Hercules, said to be buried on these mountains. It is possible that quots. ?a1475¹ and ?a1475² may instead show the Latin place name.

rare and poetic after 17th cent.

= Pyrenean adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [adjective] > range > spec

Alpine?a1475

Pyrene?a1475

Riphaean1555

Pyrenean?1556

Pyrenee1590

hercynian1598

Alpic1611

Appalachian1672

Carpathian1673

Rhipaean1703

Alleghenian1740

Altaic1762

Altaian1780

Balkan1785

Uralian1801

Lepontine1802

Altai1824

Dinaric1833

Andean1845

Alpigene1847

Lepontian1857

Uralic1861

Himalayan1866

Cordilleran1891

Andine1900

Armorican1906

Variscan1906

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 299 Speyne..whom the hilles Pirene conioynethe of the northe parte to Fraunce Narbonense.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 297 Burguyn is a parte of Fraunce Cenonense to Alpes Pirene extente allemoste.

1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xxix. f. 309^v He..repaired to the Pyrene Mountains, where he led a sauage life for certain months.

1576 G. Whetstone Garden of Vnthriftinesse 66 in Rocke of Regard A Hermits life, besœmes thy lucke, go haunt the Pyren hills.

a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. C^v The Pyren mounts..That ward the welthie Castile in with walles.

1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age i. i. sig. C White as the garden lilly, pyren snow, Or rocks of Christall.

1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs x. 183 He, to his Moores..o're the Pyren mountains jaunts [L. Pyrenaeum transilit].

1741 G. Ogle Canterbury Tales II. (note) 314 And with the Force of Germanie and France, Neare Pyren Alpes his Standard did advance.

1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. II. vi. 63 Cimbers' victorious army, sithen, marched, O'er Pyrene mounts.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1800

n.²1838

adj.?a1475

单词	pyrene
释义	pyrenen.¹ Brit. /ˈpʌɪriːn/, U.S. /ˈpaɪˌrin/ Forms: α. 1800s– pyrene. β. 1800s pyrena, 1800s pyrenae (plural). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pyrena. Etymology: < scientific Latin pyrena < ancient Greek πυρήν fruit stone ( < πυρός wheat, grain ( < the same Indo-European base as Old Prussian pure oats, brome-grass, Lithuanian pūrai (plural) winter wheat, Old Church Slavonic pyro spelt, Russian pyrej couch grass, and perhaps furze n.) + -ην , suffix forming nouns) + scientific Latin -a -a suffix¹ 1. Botany. The stone of a fruit (esp. a drupe) consisting of a single seed surrounded by a hard woody endocarp. Cf. putamen n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > stone-fruit or drupe > stone or formation of stone bonec1384 stone?1523 nut1600 ossiculum1706 paip1721 putamen1793 pyrene1800 pit1803 stoning1842 1800 J. Hull Elements Bot. I. 106 Evidently a Pyrene is one thing and a bony seed another. 1837 P. Keith Bot. Lexicon (at cited word) If a putamen is composed of several cells, each cell takes the name of pyrena, as in Cornus. 1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §553 In the Medlar, the stony endocarps are called pyrenæ. 1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. vii. §2. 296 The pyrenæ or stony inner portion of such carpels when drupaceous or composing a drupe of 2 or more stones. 1910 H. H. Haines Forest Flora Chota Nagpur 223 Breynia... Fr[ui]t drupaceous with 3 pyrenes, each splitting into 2 indehiscent cocci. 1950 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 37 154 Fruit red, or nearly black when ripe..; pyrenes 4–4.5 mm. long. 2002 Jrnl. Exper. Bot. 53 2008 Both Lycium and Grabowskia..have fruits that are defined as pyrenes—having one or two seeds enclosed in indurate endocarp and surrounded by fleshy exocarp. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pyrenen.² Brit. /ˈpʌɪriːn/, U.S. /ˈpaɪˌrin/ Forms: 1800s pyren, 1800s– pyrene. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pyrène. Etymology: < French pyrène (A. Laurent 1837, in Ann. de Chimie 66 137) < ancient Greek πῦρ fire (see pyro- comb. form) + French -ène -ene comb. form. Chemistry. A crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon present in coal tar; any substituted derivative of this compound.The pyrene molecule has a tetracyclic structure with four fused benzene rings. Formula: C₁₆H₁₀. ΚΠ 1838 Brit. Ann. & Epitome Progress Sci. 1839 356 Pyren, was prepared from the last process by taking the ether which was employed for the purification of the chrysen, [etc.]. 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem.: Org. III. 552 Pyrene is soluble in hot ether, and may be separated from chrysene by means of this solvent, which at a low temperature deposits it in microscopic rhomboidal plates. 1932 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 36 1464 Small amounts of anthracene together with pyrene and chrysene were obtained. 1988 New Scientist 21 July 27/2 The addition of the patented mix can dramatically decrease the yield to smokers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as pyrenes, when tobacco is smoked. 2005 Chemosphere 58 646/2 Tires contain several PAH [= polyaromatic hydrocarbon] species that are phototoxic, for instance fluoranthene and pyrene. Compounds In the names of compounds formed from pyrene. pyrene ketone n. ΚΠ 1886 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 50 948 When pyrenic acid..is distilled with lime, pyrene ketone, probably of the formula C₁₂H₈·CO, is obtained. 1938 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 60 1659/1 The ketone II has been referred to as pyrene ketone, phenalone-9, 1,8-naphthindenone,..and peri-naphthindone. pyrene quinone n. ΚΠ 1878 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. (new ed.) III. 1477/2 Pyrene quinone (C₁₆H₈(O₂)″) is obtained as a red powder by the action of chromic acid on a hot solution of pyrene in glacial acetic acid. 1950 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) X. 297/2 Oxidation of pyrene with chromic acid gives first a mixture of 3:10- and 3:8-pyrenequinones..(Bamberger and Philip's pyrenequinone). 2005 Toxicol. Lett. 157 250/1 The pyrene quinones may be formed by further oxidation of 1-OHP [= 1-hydroxypyrene] by CYP450. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Pyreneadj. Brit. /ˈpɪrən/, U.S. /ˈpɪrən/ Forms: late Middle English 1600s–1700s Pirene, 1500s Piren, 1500s–1700s Pyren, 1500s–1700s 1900s– Pyrene. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Pȳrēnē. Etymology: < classical Latin Pȳrēnē (ancient Greek Πυρήνη ), the name of the Pyrenees. Compare Pyrenean adj., Pyrenee adj., Pyrenees n.The mountains were so called from ancient Greek Πυρήνη , the name of a city in the region frequented by traders. A mythological explanation is also found, that the name derives from the name of the daughter of Bebryx, beloved of Hercules, said to be buried on these mountains. It is possible that quots. ?a1475¹ and ?a1475² may instead show the Latin place name. rare and poetic after 17th cent. = Pyrenean adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [adjective] > range > spec Alpine?a1475 Pyrene?a1475 Riphaean1555 Pyrenean?1556 Pyrenee1590 hercynian1598 Alpic1611 Appalachian1672 Carpathian1673 Rhipaean1703 Alleghenian1740 Altaic1762 Altaian1780 Balkan1785 Uralian1801 Lepontine1802 Altai1824 Dinaric1833 Andean1845 Alpigene1847 Lepontian1857 Uralic1861 Himalayan1866 Cordilleran1891 Andine1900 Armorican1906 Variscan1906 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 299 Speyne..whom the hilles Pirene conioynethe of the northe parte to Fraunce Narbonense. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 297 Burguyn is a parte of Fraunce Cenonense to Alpes Pirene extente allemoste. 1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xxix. f. 309^v He..repaired to the Pyrene Mountains, where he led a sauage life for certain months. 1576 G. Whetstone Garden of Vnthriftinesse 66 in Rocke of Regard A Hermits life, besœmes thy lucke, go haunt the Pyren hills. a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. C^v The Pyren mounts..That ward the welthie Castile in with walles. 1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age i. i. sig. C White as the garden lilly, pyren snow, Or rocks of Christall. 1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs x. 183 He, to his Moores..o're the Pyren mountains jaunts [L. Pyrenaeum transilit]. 1741 G. Ogle Canterbury Tales II. (note) 314 And with the Force of Germanie and France, Neare Pyren Alpes his Standard did advance. 1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. II. vi. 63 Cimbers' victorious army, sithen, marched, O'er Pyrene mounts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1800n.²1838adj.?a1475
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pyrenen.1

pyrenen.2

Compounds

Pyreneadj.

pyrenen.¹

pyrenen.²