| 释义 |
racen.1 Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from French. Etymon: French ras. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic rás , Norwegian regional rås , Swedish regional rås running, rush (of water), course, channel, way), cognate with rese n.In sense 12 perhaps partly also < Middle French ras strong current in a narrow channel (late 14th cent.; French ras , raz ) < early Scandinavian. (Middle Breton raz strait, narrow channel with a strong current (Breton raz ) is < French.) In sense 5b there may perhaps be some connection with Middle French rase watercourse (a1461; also as raze (a1478)), rese path (1394), furrow (a1597) < classical Latin rāsus (see rase n.). I. With reference to a person, animal, etc.: forward progression, running, or movement; an instance of this. the world > movement > impact > [noun] > forcible, heavy, or violent society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [noun] c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) 3990 (MED) Wiþ gret ras King Ban þai hitten alle at ones. c1425 (c1400) 4252 (MED) Prothesaly the formast was Off alle the schippis In that ras. c1450 in F. J. Furnivall (1867) 48 (MED) Ordeyne we us wiþ al oure gere, For hidir he þinkiþ to make a race. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius (1858) I. 498 Fulgentius, with mony Pecht and Scot,..Full mony raice attour the wall hes maid. 1575 J. Rolland iv. f. 62v The sowr persute, and syne the resistance, The rigorous rais. 1577 R. Holinshed II. 1624/1 Badly yet could they make their rase, by reason the furrowes lay trauers to their course. 2. the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > [noun] > running > a spell or act of a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Knight who did Penance among Worms (Coll. Phys.) in at Ras(e To the bischope in a ras He ran. a1425 (a1400) (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 8938 Assahelle..thurgh rase wald turne bath buk and ra. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) v. 638 In a rais to the king he ran. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius (1858) II. 118 This nobill Dongard..Than with ane raice amang thame entert in. 1579 S. Gosson f. 2v Blocks of the Deuil that are cast in our wayes, to cut of the race of toward wittes. a1637 B. Jonson Timber 1715 in (1640) III In the contention of leaping, they jumpe farthest, that fetch their race largest. 1642 J. Milton 18 This loose rayler,..having once begun his race regards not how farre he flyes out beyond all truth & shame. 1687 J. Dryden i. 4 The bristl'd Baptist Boar..mountains levell'd in his furious race. 1756 T. Amory I. 338 They both kept at a distance..offering several times to advance. The louse did it at last in a race, and then the flea flew at him. 1765 C. Smart tr. Phaedrus iii. xviii. 125 On his return he took a race Directly cross the market place. 1810 W. Scott i. 9 The noble Stag..Held westward with unwearied race. 1857 R. M. Ballantyne viii. 89 I took a race and a good leap; the ropes were cast off; the steam-tug gave a puff, and we started. 1936 L. McInnes 22 I jist took a race tae the toon for the messages. Tak a race oot noo, but see ye dinna wait lang. society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > a ride or spell of riding or excursion > rapid society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > [noun] > joust or tournament > a course in c1440 (?a1400) (1930) 1145 (MED) In he rydes one a rase, Or þat he wiste where he was, Into þe thikkeste of þe prese. a1500 (1870) 3088 Thir sex in a Ras Deliuerly com prekand our the feldis. 1596 E. Spenser iv. vi. sig. E8v Scudamour..issewed To haue rencountred him in equall race . View more context for this quotation 1632 J. Vicars tr. Virgil v. 129 Euryalus was third, but with some space, Whom Helymus pursu'd with rapid race. 1657 Tom Potts lxxii, in F. J. Child (1886) II. no. 109. 445/2 Then they turned their horsses round about, To run the race more egarlye. 1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges i. at Course Course or Race. This Word, which is not received in the Manage, signifies..a Gallop at full speed. 1856 H. B. Stowe I. v. 78 He only wanted to take a little race; he hasn't hurt the horse. the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [noun] > haste c1400 (?c1380) 1167 Of raas þaȝ I were rasch and ronk, Ȝet rapely þerinne I watz restayed. a1450 (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) 2588 (MED) She..ryseth vp in a grete raas [v.r. ynne haste]. c1450 (c1400) (1881) 489 (MED) Arise vp in aras[read a ras]; We bene elles alle I-take. a1500 (?a1400) (Trin. Dublin) 1996 (MED) And þaim [sc. letters] redes on a rase he & rechez to þe sedes. †4. the world > life > source or principle of life > [noun] > course or span of life a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1448 (MED) I whilom þoghte Han ben a prest; now past am I þe raas. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil iii. x. 122 The prince Eneas,..The fatis of goddis and rasis mony ane Rehersing schew. 1559 W. Cuningham 1 The Race that euery man in this his transitory life haue to runne. 1630 J. Evans 62 When I haue runne the race of this life, thou mayest please to call mee to be partaker of a better. 1667 J. Milton xii. 505 Thir Ministry perform'd, and race well run,..They die. View more context for this quotation 1707 I. Watts i. 47 Awake and run the heavenly Race. 1770 O. Goldsmith 10 Remote from towns he ran his godly race, Nor ere had chang'd, nor wish'd to change, his place. 1850 Ld. Tennyson ix. 13 My Arthur! whom I shall not see Till all my widow'd race be run. View more context for this quotation society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] society > travel > travel by water > [noun] > a voyage 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil iv. x. 48 Sall I..Bid thaim mak sail anone, and a new rais? 1557 Earl of Surrey et al. sig. Cc.i A man may..Thrise wander out Ulisses race: Yet neuer finde Ulisses wife. 1615 E. Grimeston tr. P. d'Avity 489 But this lady dying the yeare after, the race of Tedald sailed, and Mantoua recouered her libertie againe. 1691 T. D'Urfey i. i. 3 A man is forc'd to ride a long dirty race out of the way for a purchase neither worth his time nor his trouble. a1746 M. Leapor (1751) II. 270 A Brace of Pullets that were nigh..O'er these same Vetches took a Race, And (like us Women) talk'd apace. 1854 W. M. Thackeray I. xxvi. 256 The noble ship strikes the first stroke of her destined race, and swims away towards the ocean. II. A path, channel, or course, and related senses. 5. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [noun] > course or direction of movement society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun] c1390 (c1300) MS Vernon Homilies in (1877) 57 274 (MED) To toune I renne þe deueles ras. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil v. xiv. 84 Prince Enee persauit by his rais, Quhow that the schip did rok and tailȝevey. ?a1525 (?a1475) Mandeville & Sultan 17 in W. C. Hazlitt (1864) I. 155 (MED) Your prestes that suld tech vertus trace, They ryn rakyll out of gud race. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria i. vi. f. 28v He diuerted from his accustomed rase which was by the Ilandes of Canarie. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Math. Præf. sig. *j Of the auncient Mathematiciens, a Line is called the race or course of a Point. 1635 W. Jones 542 If we run the devils race, in pride, covetousnesse, drunkennes, uncleannesse, the end of it will be wofull. the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > watercourse or channel the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > for water spec. 1570 in J. Raine (1845) 212 The [law-] suit..for the raic [e] of the said water corne myln. 1674 II. 232 From the sayd stone, a strayt line to a white oak tree upon Homes his race [shall be a boundary]. 1738 W. Stephens Jrnl. 27 June in (1742) I. 228 They were mending the Race for the back Water to go off quick. 1796 J. Morse (new ed.) I. 536 The race,..a canal 20 to 30 feet wide, and carried..through rocks and hills. 1805 74 There has been also a subterraneous passage, leading from the race of the rivulet. 1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 334 in (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV The bottoms of the races are covered with small stones and a layer of fine gravel. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ (1891) 293 The water, brought through races by miles of fluming, spouted clear and strong over heaps of auriferous earth. 1901 M. Franklin xiv. 117 They have cut races between the two creeks. 1941 I. L. Idriess xxxi. 243 We would take the water from a creek on one side of a mountain and by means of a race (channel) take it completely around the mountain. 2002 92 13 This building, with two mill-races supplied directly off the Aqua Traiana, probably had..one larger wheel on the southern race. society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > track, trail, or path > [noun] > habitually used by animals > circular path used by a mill-horse 1833 J. C. Loudon 470 The back wall of the barn is to be sunk sufficiently deep for the wheel of the threshing-mill and the race (horse-course) from it. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > enclosure > branding or dipping corral or shute 1862 A. Polehampton 216 The sheep..were passed into the last division, called the ‘Race’. 1872 53/2 Each lamb was driven through the narrow hurdle-passage..called a race. 1950 Apr. 373/3 The units [of the pig house] are usually placed side by side under one continuous roof, a service race being provided along the front. 1977 J. Y. Mather & H. H. Speitel II. 159 The small opening in a wall for sheep to pass through, [Aberdeen] race. 1995 31 Mar. 49/4 He puts all the lambs through a race and sorts them, picking out those fit for slaughter. †6. A portion of time or space. the world > time > [noun] > stretch, period, or portion of time c1400 (?a1300) (Laud) (1952) 7824 (MED) Ypomodon and Pallidamas And Absolon, þat so fair was, Hij lyueden here a litel raas, Ac sone forȝeten vchon was. the world > space > distance > [noun] > distance between two points 1562 G. Legh 58 b Alciatus saith that a man shall discerne colour, if he may come within a knights rase of any banner, but I neuer hard of any man, that came within an 100 rases of the Sun. Le: What is a knights rase? Ge: It is lx. foote of assise in length, of the field, and is of Here~haughts so called. 1600 P. Holland tr. J. B. Marlianus Svmmary Topogr. Rome i. i, in tr. Livy 1348 The plaine and base plot of the cittie..comprehendeth a Diameter or race almost of 8 Stadia. the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > reach 1612 J. Speed i. xl. 77/1 A long race of the Riuer Ouse. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [noun] > course or track 1612 M. Drayton iii. 40 Nor yet the leuell South can shewe a smoother Race. 1667 A. Marvel in (1702) 56 His brazen Calves, his brawny Thighs,..his Feet shap'd for a smoother Race. a1783 Fair Annie xiii, in F. J. Child (1885) II. No. 62. 75/1 I wish that they were seven hares To run the castle race. 1890 R. Bridges ii. 7 Perilous in steep places Soft in the level races. 7. the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > vein > thin 1580 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Dial. Yron in (new ed.) f. 144 If..of brimstone and quicksiluer they were ingendred, there would be some rase of them, in the mynes of golde, and siluer. 1747 W. Hooson sig. Kivb This Keckle-Meckle Stuff, has the Ore run with it in small Strings and Races. 1881 9 167 Race, a small thread of spar or ore. a1794 M. Palmer (1837) 8 A race of rory-tory ribbons, stuff'd out leek so many pincushions. 1883 W. S. Gresley 197 Race. See Journey. [= ‘A train or set of trains all coupled together.’] 1894 R. O. Heslop Race, a range or series. A race of pits. 1901 8 Mar. 5/1 They were run into by a race of runaway hutches. 1964 F. Chichester 45 He pushed over a race of boxes on the main jig. A ‘race’ was six trucks, each holding three-quarters of a ton. 1993 K. C. Phillipps 48 Race, row or string, as in a race of beads. 8. Technical uses. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] > path or track for machine the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > shuttle race 1819 J. M. Good et al. (new ed.) at Loom The weaver..gives the shuttle..a smart blow, and drives it along across the race. 1850 J. M. Neale (ed. 2) 7 Softly the shuttle through the race, or else the shoot may slack. 1879 A. Barlow 87 The warp threads are pressed down upon the race. 1960 1 111 The race for the shuttle under the warp..established a pattern to which power could be applied. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > space for 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ 104 The stones of the race are hewn to a mould, and laid in their places with great care. 1845 P. Barlow Manuf. in VIII. 88/2 The wheel is fixed in what is called a race, formed of stonework, agreeing with the curvature of the wheel. 1883 W. S. Gresley 197 Race,..the space in which a drum [in a winding engine] revolves. 1936 5 80 The wheel was overshot... Only if this were the case could the deposit have formed as it has, most thickly and evenly along the left perimeter of the wheel and down to the floor of the race. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > parts for reducing friction > groove for 1896 13 Nov. 4/4 One of the novelties that will be sure to attract attention at the coming bicycle shows is an ingenious arrangement for conducting oil to the ball race. 1903 Suppl. 2. Feb. 22689/1 The rollers are made to fit the inner and outer treads of the roller race. 1904 R. Kipling 190 A race-full of ball bearings strewn..along a Hampshire road. 1916 W. Kent (ed. 9) 1236 Such a bearing consists of an inner race, an outer race and the series of balls that roll in tracks of curved cross section. 1971 B. Scharf xii. 135 Ball bearings..consist of..an inner race, which is a grooved ring firmly attached to the shaft, and an outer race in the stationary housing. The balls which are free to rotate between the races are kept apart by means of a cage. 1994 Mar. 14/2 Hammerwork must be carried out on the outer race of the bearing wherever possible. III. With reference to an inanimate or immaterial thing: forward progression or movement; an instance of this. 9. the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > [noun] > continuous progress or advance of anything a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 26732 Qua will yeild a-cuntes right He agh it forwit for to dight, Ne tell noght [þi dedis] ouer-wit reuand [a1400 Fairf. rynnande] ras. c1590 R. Bruce (1591) i. 6 Gif ȝee..consider the race of the historie. 1619 F. Bacon (1629) 4 The prosecution and race of the Warre carrieth the Defendant to assaile and inuade the..patrimonie of the first Aggressour. a1689 W. Cleland (1697) 25 In Burnet's new penn'd race ye'll read it. the world > time > [noun] > course or passage of time 1565 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ (new ed.) x. sig. MM.vv Long pondring in their doubtful minde do muse theron and marke, And scarce in longest race of tyme wyth proues of sundry kinde. 1590 T. Lodge sig. E3 First time shall stay his staylesse race..And snow bemoysten Julies face. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. iii. 39 If the mid-night bell Did..Sound on into the drowzie race of night. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals iv, in tr. Virgil 17 Majestick Months set out..to their appointed Race. 1710 W. Congreve Imit. Horace in III. 899 Eternity! that boundless Race, Which Time himself can never run. 1789 E. Lewis 42 Another year has now begun its race, While time glides on, unseen, with rapid pace. a1824 J. Taylor (1832) I. 278 The curious work of Nature's hand to trace,–A work commenced when Time began his race. 1955 36 262 If it expresses some physical movement, it is not a particular movement but the race of time and events in all their generality. 1993 M. R. Schwehn v. 106 The race of time had even made Adams an alien in his own land. 1590 E. Spenser i. v. sig. E5v The mother of dredd darkenesse..tooke her wonted way, To ronne her timely race. 1590 E. Spenser i. xi. sig. L3v Titan rose to runne his daily race. 1623 W. Drummond 13 Rise from those fragrant Climes..Vnto this World of ours O haste thy Race, Faire Sunne. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis i, in tr. Virgil 212 Till, after ev'ry Foe subdu'd, the Sun Thrice through the Signs his Annual Race shall run. 1761 I. ii. 44 He had, like his Brother the Sun, his Race to finish, and a gigantic Race it was indeed. 1785 W. Cowper vi. 126 Should God again..interrupt the race Of the undeviating and punctual sun. a1822 P. B. Shelley (1904) 788 The immortal Sun, Who borne by heavenly steeds his race doth run Unconquerably. 1869 E. H. Dewart 18 I awake ere the Sun has his race begun, When the East glows with crimson and gold. 1900 1 June 10/5 The sun runs his race over a course of several thousands of miles. 1991 J. Kinsella 21 I am here to rekindle the moon dying in its race for the sun, to break the puff and bubble of salt. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > [noun] a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 23588 (MED) Sun and mon and water and stern..rinnes nu wit ras [a1400 Fairf. wiþ-in ras; a1400 Trin. Cambr. in cours] sa yern. c1450 Childhood Jesus (BL Add.) 845 in (1885) 74 338 Twa stremys..That neuer-mare of rase [v.r. renynge] salle blyne. c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 948 in W. C. Hazlitt (1864) I. 256 He spyed a great race of bloude in Robertes face. 1586 T. Bright xiii. 68 Some wheeles passing swifter then other some, by diuerse rases. 1633 D. Rogers i. 168 Your streame weake;..and the staves of your wheele which should support the race of it pittifully broken. 1670 J. Narborough Jrnl. in (1711) i. 76 It points off with a Race from the other Mountains..into the Channel. 1751 F. Hawling 23 As with a faster, or slower Pace, The Blood ferments, and quickens in its Race. 1857 D. P. Thompson xiv. 201 The stream..having run its rapid and noisy race down to the foot of the mountains. the world > movement > impact > striking > [noun] > stroke in or from specific direction c1400 (?c1390) (1940) 2076 Gawayn..went on his way with his wyȝe one Þat schulde teche hym to tourne to þat tene place Þer þe ruful race he shulde re-sayue. c1450 (c1400) (1881) 1349 (MED) He raught a stroke to Ferumbras; On his helme it gan down glyde; It brast his hawberke at þat ras And carfe hym throughe-oute his syde. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius (1858) I. 124 Sum gat ane rais gart all hir ribbis rak. 12. the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] > strong c1450 (c1400) (1881) 774 Wynde him blewe..over the salte flode And ouer the profounde rase. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) iii. 697 By the Mole thai passyt ȝar And entryt sone in-to the rase. 1506 tr. sig. H.ii Amonge the waues perylous On rases holowe. 1597 J. Payne 33 In your Sea stormes,..cross tydes, dangerouse races. 1625 N. Carpenter ii. vii. 130 He found a strong race of a Tide running sometimes Eastward, sometimes Westward. 1697 W. Dampier iv. 82 A short cockling Sea as if we had been in a race, or place where two tides meet. 1720 D. Defoe 233 Among innumerable Islands..without any Pilot that understood the Channel and Races between them. 1781 J. Rickman 266 We continued sounding and tacking.., in most tempestuous weather, and through a Race of shallow water. 1817 50 172 At what sailors call the ‘Tail’ of the land, there is always a turbulent sea, or rather Race. 1894 W. C. Russell I. 15 The sky was a race of large torn cloud, white as milk. 1926 10 Aug. 9/6 In the full race of the tide, he began to travel towards England at a pace never approached by him last year. 1979 D. Attenborough (1981) xii. 282 They live on a smaller islet..separated from the mainland by a narrow but turbulent tidal race. 1997 May 60/2 The tide race tells you something about how the boat will perform. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) iii. 687 Quhar als gret stremys ar rynnand,..As is the rais off Bretangȝe. 1596 C. Fitzgeffry sig. F2v In that faire palace neere the milken race. 1697 No. 3317/4 He saw 5 Sail of Ships standing through the Race of Fountney. 1720 J. Burchett iv. ix. 467 Part of the French Ships, which had advanced far towards the Race of Alderne. 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham i. ii. 18 Through this channel, the sea, at high spring tides, sweeps at the rate of eight miles an hour... This passage is called the Race (or Ras) of Alderney. 2003 R. E. Matlak ii. iv. 89 The local Scylla and Charybdis, the Shambles and the Race of Portland. IV. A contest. 13. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [noun] society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > race > series of 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil v. vii. 1 Eftir thir raissis done, and giftis gif. 1582 1 Cor. ix. 24 They that runne in the race, al runne in deede, but one receiueth the price. 1607 G. Markham iii. 59 You must be sure..when you are either cast behind in a rase, or when your horses sloath craues the vse of your rod not to fetch your hand as hie as your head, to giue your blow. 1652 R. Brome ii. sig. D3 In Hide-park, to see the Races, Horse and Foot. 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer VI. xxiii. 429 Young Nestor leads the Race: Eumelus then. 1781 W. Cowper 13 He that would win the race must guide his horse Obedient to the customs of the course. 1841 C. Dickens i. xvii. 183 We're going on to the races. 1863 H. W. Longfellow Musician's Tale ii. x, in 77 Swimming, skating, snow-shoe races. 1938 G. Greene iii. i. 99 ‘I dunno who Brewer is,’ Ida said, ‘but things seem lively.’ ‘You wait till the races start,’ the man said. ‘They'll be lively all right then.’ 1946 R. Godden 105 There must be an eating race when the old men have to eat in the shortest time a pile of parched rice. 2007 (Nexis) 2 Jan. 38 Mottram clocked a time of 27 minutes and 39 seconds..stripping 15 seconds off the mark he set when he won the race two years ago. 1568 H. Charteris (1871) 12* Kennedie and Dunbar bure the bell, For the large race of Rethorik thay ran. a1592 H. Smith (1637) 518 A race, wherein they run striving who shall come first to the devill. ?1635 in D. Dickson (1845) (modernized text) 187 But they are sitten down in the race; not like Paul, who will not sit down, till he be at the race-end. 1638 W. Chillingworth iv. 218 Our remisnes, and slacknesse, in running the race of Christian Profession. 1751 Earl of Orrery (1752) 61 Every competitor in the race of wit is left behind him. 1799 H. MacDougall 294 As an author, he has distinguished himself by an early maturity, which has enabled him to outlap every veteran competitor in the same race. 1822 P. B. Shelley 42 Ere thou Didst start for this brief race whose crown is death. 1871 E. A. Freeman (1876) IV. xvii. 86 The two nations which, if last in the race of political freedom, were foremost in the race of material civilization. 1919 G. B. Shaw v. 82 The resources of the two countries are so huge that a race of armaments between them beggars imagination. 1963 S. Plath iii. 30 After nineteen years of running after food marks and prizes and grants..I was letting up, slowing down, dropping clean out of the race. 1989 H. Kushner iv. 96 We have been taught to see life as a race in which prizes are given only to those who finish first. 2006 (Nexis) 26 Nov. 46 It will be a race between nuclear power and clean coal technology as to which one can deliver the cleanest fuel. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > [noun] > electoral contest 1824 7 July 41/1 (title) The lovers' political race, or, a Kentucky election. 1855 I. C. Pray 288 He had been the first to start many of them upon the ground for a successful political race. 1881 H. W. Pierson 132 To ‘make the race’ was to secure an election. 1903 17 Sept. 1 Mr. Cutting ran up stairs to tell Dr. Gould..that Mr. Gront would make the race. 1952 B. P. Thomas viii. 154 Lincoln..resigned from the Legislature in order to be eligible for the Senate race. 2006 20 Nov. 59 In Washington, the political parties will be sharpening their agendas for the wide-open '08 presidential race. 1763 17 Jan. 2/3 To run on Long-Island the Four Mile Heats or One Heat, carrying Eleven Stone, for Three Hundred Pounds... Any Person that incline to make a Race, may apply to Capt. Nathaniel Heard, in Woodbridge. 1767 in H. Chafetz (1960) iii. 16 James Bullocke, a Taylor, haveing made a race for his mare to run with a horse belonging to Mr. Mathew Slader for two thousand pounds of tobacco and caske, it being contrary to the Law for a Labourer to make a race, being only a sport for Gentlemen, is fined for the same one hundred pounds of tobacco and caske. 1843 25 Dec. 5/1 At his special request, a stake was made for 1845, Lord Lynedoch stating..that his object was to make a race which would come off when he was 100 years old. 1894 J. D. Astley II. 196 I had a fair race on Sir Bevys, L. Rothschild's horse, for the Derby. the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > electronic circuit > [noun] > specific conditions in circuit 1946 S. B. Williams in (1985) 426 A reliable circuit will also be devoid of any so-called ‘races’, that is to say, conditions in which two circuit closures must occur under certain sequential conditions in order for the circuit to function properly. 1954 257 170 The presence of two or more of the digits ‘I’ indicates that at least two of the secondary relays are simultaneously unstable, and that a race condition exists. 1969 J. J. Sparkes vii. 161 It is customary to arrange the logic so that all races are removed or rendered non-critical. 1992 Sept. 72/3 If you click on go again, the two consumers generate a race condition trying to get CPU time. 2004 ‘Dr. K.’ iii. 69 This was a Solaris system, and in fact was vulnerable to a race condition of some kind. Phrasessociety > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > be repentant or contrite [verb (intransitive)] > repent a course of or the occasion of action a1450 (1885) 279 (MED) Rugge hym in ropes, his rase till he rewe. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Wolf & Wether l. 2552 in (1981) 95 Ȝe sall rew this rais. ‘Quhat wes the cause ȝe gaif me sic ane catche?’ 1578 J. Rolland 32 He knew That it wald caus ane greit Offence, Kend weill that race that he wald rew. 1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 549, in (1931) I. 160 This race (said he) I may sair rew. the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > chance [verb (intransitive)] > stand a good or small chance 1904 6 Aug. 3/3 It's emu dung, and not too bad in place Of 'bacca when you're stony broke And graft's not in the race. 1945 M. Trist x. 73 With you and Daffy dressed up, none of us others will be in the race. 1956 J. T. Lang vi. 34 The trade unions realised that if the Chinese could get away with long hours and low pay they would not be in the race to get better conditions. 2004 (Nexis) 5 Aug. Consider the outlook for young people just starting out in their careers and married lives... As money-savers, they are not in the race. P3. 1974 83 666 The best example of ‘the race for the bottom’ appears in the Report of the Corporation Law Revision Commission of New Jersey. 1988 (Electronic ed.) 4 July f7 A major argument for federal legislation always has been that local governments would engage in a ‘race for the bottom’, a drive to be more permissive in order to lure new employers. 1993 M. J. Roe in 347 State corporate law is a race to the bottom, as states pander to managers by providing weak, promanagerial, antishareholder corporate law. 2005 (Nexis) 10 Jan. 2 There are recurring complaints about dumbing-down. Some journalists distinguish their trade while others demean it... As circulations decline, there is a race to the bottom. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective (in sense 13a). a. In sense ‘of, relating to, or taking part in a race’. 1900 3 Apr. 6/2 (advt.) For sale–2 work horses, one thoroughbred mare, one set double harness, one buggy, one Frazier's race bike. 2003 Oct. 86/2 An F1 car would smoke my race bike. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > pleasure vessel > [noun] > racing boat 1775 in 25 It is to be understood, that none of the private boats and barges..do, upon any account, go into the center arch, which must be left entirely free for the Race-boats. 1839 15 June 177/1 It is most probable we would still have continued to get our race boats from Philadelphia. 1972 C. Mudie 144 The race boat hull form is not of great value for cruising boats. 2006 (Nexis) 1 Sept. l11 With hooded gauges and an ergonomically designed dash, you'll feel like you are behind the wheel of a race boat. 1906 28 Sept. 5/2 The race car driven by H. H. Lytle has not been restored to a place among the five machines selected. 1948 W. A. Woron in Nov. 13/3 Goat, usually considered to be an old race car, generally used when speaking of a driver ‘herding his goat’. 2005 Dec. 46/3 I got a call, and they wanted me to play this kind of arrogant race car driver in this movie Herbie. 1850 ‘M. Tensas’ 47 She couldn't 'tend races, and have a race-colt of her own to comfort her 'clinin' years. 1905 21 Jan. 12/6 A number of gentlemen..were..negotiating for the purchase of the race colt recently purchased by Thomas J. Clary. 2005 (Nexis) 1 May q4 The Story of Pilot Star is about a Texas thoroughbred race colt. 1894 24 July 4/1 The remark once made by a noted race driver that speed is the first consideration in the light-harness horses will bear revising. 1904 11 Dec. c4/3 Every racing car of note and every prominent race driver in this country..will be competitors. 1993 Mar. 36/1 Rearsteer was favored by race drivers who liked their cars a little loose. 1850 E. B. Browning (new ed.) I. 216 Electric Pindar, quick as fear, With race-dust on his cheeks. 2003 (Nexis) 3 Aug. 37 Now that the race dust has settled,..mountain bike enthusiasts of all stripes and ages can try their hand on the course. 1694 L. Echard tr. Plautus Amphitryon iv. ii, in tr. Plautus 47 I've been hunting for him..at the Change, the Shambles, the Race-Ground..and Barbers Shops. 1727 in (1912) 7 400 This Vestry resolve to meet on Thursday..at the race Ground near Mr. Bensons. 1858 T. G. Vielé 150 It was a beaten cattle-track..forming part of what had once been a race-ground. 1909 W. D. Howells 88 My memory does not serve as to just how we had got out to the race-ground. 2006 (Nexis) 20 June 5 Passengers..can..place bets online before arriving at the raceground. 1833 5 398 Chancing to have the race list in my hand. 1909 31 Aug. 1/7 (heading) Fine race list for Dane Fair. 2006 (Nexis) 7 Nov. 27 To be more informed about the horses, the site also gives a race list with odds. 1812 40 154 Race-manager, or keeper of the stud-book at Newmarket. 1907 17 Jan. 2/4 An implied understanding between the race manager and the horse owner that the latter's entry shall depart with no more reputation for speed that he brought with him. 2006 (Nexis) 15 July 33 Race manager Johan Bruyneel all but conceded that his team has no shot at winning the Tour de France. 1607 G. Markham i. i. 3 Some are of opinion, that as much ground as will serue a Cowe, will serue a Race-mare. 1730 J. Miller 22 Tru. Then pray, my Lord, what View have you in marrying a fine Woman? Sham. The same, Sir, that I should in purchasing a Race-Mare—purely for sake of the breed. 1853 19 70/1 He brought with him a small race mare which excited the acquisitiveness of his father. 1910 19 214 Many of the roans of to-day go back to the old roan race-mare Lady Franklin. 2007 (Nexis) 2 Feb. 3 His claim to fame is siring race mare Maia Eria. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > race-meeting 1762 I. 339/1 He arriv'd at a horse-race meeting, and mingled among his fraternity.] 1786 18 Feb. 3/2 Owing to the precautions and vigilance of the Earl of Hillsborough and Lord Kilwarlin, at the several race meetings since the last mentioned engagment, all attempts to revive the quarrel were frustrated. 1809 33 108 This almost universal success at the race-meetings. 1909 A. W. Evans tr. A. France 322 The venerable Canon Monnoyer..began to write out a list of horses that would win at the next race meeting. 2002 R. Cassidy v. 79 My experience of race meetings is that there are always groups of..men who spend a good deal of the day in the bar drinking and smoking. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > racehorse a1635 T. Randolph (1638) 25 Keepe his Race-nags, and in Hide-parke be seen. 1784 1 148/1 He is very tender and careful in preserving his credit, and keeps it as methodically as a race-nag is dieted. 1843 30 Nov. Give parties and balls, keep race nags..and frolic. 1961 17 Aug. 35/4 Hospitalization doesn't necessarily destroy..a race nag's potential. 1886 16 Sept. Wood won in 2:32 3-5, beating the race record of 2:33, made in Hartford last week by himself. 1893 22 101/1 Goldsmith Maid..left the turf with a race record never equaled. 2005 G. Armstrong & P. Thompson xvii. 194 The winning time was 3.27¾, five seconds outside the race record held by Windbag and Spearfelt. 1858 26 Apr. There must surely be some mistake about this Cup race report. 1934 T. S. Eliot i. 29 Many read nothing but the race reports. 2001 M. L. Berger ix. 291 Floyd Clymer's Indianapolis 500 Mile Race History, a collection of articles and race reports describing every contest to 1941. 1658 A. Cokayne 48 When you into Hide Parke do go, all there To follow the race-riders do forbear. 1699 B. E. Jockeys,..Race Riders. 1872 ‘M. Twain’ viii. 71 He..tucked his pantaloons into his boot-tops like a race-rider. 1922 22 May 3/5 Frankie Jordan..in his day was the greatest race rider. 2004 June 14/1 Kevin remains..a top flight race-rider. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > riding in 1752 Bruiser in (ed. 2) 32 Modern Manhood is, Boxing, Cudgelling, Driving, Race-riding, Hunting, Cricketing, Drinking, Slovenliness, &c. Boxing. 1863 W. P. Lennox II. 146 I had an opportunity of carrying on my passion for race-riding. 1928 J. Galsworthy Swan Song ii. i, in (1929) 605 The chin of Greenwater..projected, as if in years of race-riding it had been bent on prolonging the efforts of his mounts. 1997 10 Dec. 2/7 Brian Harding expects to receive the green light today to resume race-riding. 1624 Abp. G. Abbot sig. A3v It was the manner of the Heathen Race-runners, after they had finished their course, to deliuer a Lamp or Taper to the next Runner. 1738 E. A. Burgis II. 257 There were two factions of different colours there to favour the race-runners. 1839 J. Shedd xii. 128 It is impossible for more than one of the race-runners to obtain the prize. 1935 Z. N. Hurston i. vi. 130 De race runner was running so fast to git away from dat coach whip dat his tail got so hot it set de world on fire. 2006 (Nexis) 18 Aug. 23 Woodruff's fourth race runner Jet Mode will be ridden by Marthinus Mienie and not stable jockey Mark Khan. 1702 Lady Verney Let. 25 Aug. in M. M. Verney (1930) I. vii. 113 We shall have Company at Claydon, it being our Race-time. 1836 8 Aug. 5/7 The constables of adjoining parishes ought to be on the look-out at race times. 1925 S. Kaye-Smith i. i. 9 The George catered for the rowdied elements of all three towns, which frequented it at race-time. 2006 (Nexis) 25 Nov. 18 Conditions are liable to have got pretty testing by race time. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [noun] > race-day or week 1716 No. 5436/4 To be fought all the Race-Week. 1894 J. D. Astley II. 198 We both got back to Newmarket a few days before the race week. 1935 O. Sitwell & M. Barton ix. 164 A further strange encounter..took place another summer during Race Week. 2006 (Nexis) 14 Nov. 4 The races bring a massive amount of money into the local economy during race week. 1823 Ld. Byron lxxxvii. 98 Sir Henry Silvercup, the great race-winner. 1937 27 Nov. 6/3 J. P. C. Palmer, at bow, is one of the best race-winners at Cambridge. 2002 R. Cassidy ii. 17 Newmarket fields..just under a third of all British race winners in a season. b. In sense ‘used or worn by one who competes in a (horse) race’. 1784 3 Aug. 8/2 Race Saddles and Caps. 1878 29 Apr. 12/6 (advt.) Race caps and jackets all colours, best quality. 1972 18 June s1/1 Lambert was so excited he wore the wrong silks in the following race, donning his ninth race cap and shirt for the eighth event. 2005 (Nexis) 12 July I didn't have a helmet. I had a race cap on, and when I came out, I still had it on. 1856 ‘The Druid’ xiii. 228 As plentiful now as..‘garters’ in later years, among the list of race-jackets. 2006 (Nexis) 8 June 17 Jeremy keeps in touch with a number of former riders and is always on the look-out for anyone who proudly wore the St Austell race-jacket. 1784 3 Aug. 8/2 Race Saddles and Caps. 1867 E. T. Freedley 445 A large assortment always on hand..with light Trotting and Race Saddles. 1936 29 Sept. 16/2 (headline) Harry Hughes leaves race saddle to handle entries for event. 1971 P. Baker (1989) ix. 99 Longabaugh went down to a little ranch where a fellow owned a race mare and race saddle. 1991 Sept. 30/3 The Waveflo Race Saddle takes a more cushy approach to seating. c. In sense ‘intended for wearing at a race’. 1883 17 Mar. 2/4 London fashions... Lustrine or mohair race cloaks are trimmed with velvet. 1896 L. H. Armstrong vii. 197 A race-cloak may be a little daring. 1921 7 Feb. 13/5 There were..gorgeous race cloaks in brocade, and tea gowns of great splendour. 1865 5 Sept. 8/2 I saw few or no race-veils or race-coats. 1930 7 May 6/4 Race coats for the spring meetings..are charmingly cut from countless fabrics. 2006 (Nexis) 17 Mar. 12 The Cheltenham Collection Store, which sells racecourse merchandise, sold 25 green race coats at £75 each. 1858 E. S. Sheppard I. xiv. 274 There entered Helen Jordon..in all the bravery of her race-dress, short habit,..hat and feathers. 1920 10 May 15/4 Some of the best race dresses are being made in black with embroidery in different shades of white. 2003 (Nexis) 1 Oct. 18 A race dress is halfway between a formal and a party dress. 1894 11 June 4/4 A race gown of beige velutine trimmed with velvet a shade darker. 1931 1 June 11/4 An all-white wedding gown, which in a few minutes can be converted into a race gown. 1872 13 July 2/6 (advt.) The Paris race hat. 1931 29 Jan. 6/4 A large race hat trimmed with linden-green suede ribbon. 2006 (Nexis) 24 Sept. 105 Milliner Suzy O'Rourke hosts an afternoon tea..to unveil her latest race hats. C2. society > leisure > dancing > ball or dance > [noun] > other balls or dances 1770 I. 75 The race-balls, concerts, &c. have occasionally been held in it. c1838 W. H. Murray in M. R. Booth (1973) IV. 162 I saw Charlotte at the race-ball, and fell over head and ears in love with her. 1935 20 May 2/7 Crowds of social notables attended the race ball they gave on their estate after the West Hills race meet. 2006 (Nexis) 19 Oct. 15 He will..swan it up at the official race ball. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > ladder or gang-plank 1808 T. Ashe III. 260 Ships have race boards to the bank, which gives them an access so easy, that they are often visited from the shore. 1844 C. G. Gilroy iv. 132 The bread lams..are placed in front of the lay, between the race board and the reed. 1940 641/2 The shuttle..travels along a raceboard, guided by the reed. 2001 S. Adanur vii. 172 The race board supports the shuttle while the reed helps guide the shuttle. society > leisure > sport > general equipment > [noun] > list or programme society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > equipment > [noun] > racecards 1836 C. G. F. Gore III. iii. 41 Race-cards were handed from one to another; the odds discussed. 1911 R. H. Davis 28 As though to encourage him, Dolly placed her finger on her race-card. 2007 (Nexis) 17 Jan. s19 Part of the deal was trying to pick the winners for each day's race card. society > communication > broadcasting > broadcaster > [noun] > types of 1938 13 239/2 Newscaster and sportscaster are now common terms in Variety.Racecaster is also found. 1969 24 May 35/1 The caller will be 3DB's race~caster, Bill Collins. 2006 (Nexis) 18 Jan. 56 Gilligan has been replaced by Devonport racecaster Shane Yates. 1866 L. Hull 1/2 With proper means of deflecting the racers from one race-circle of their course into another.., I am enabled to effect the manufacture of two distinct braids of different colors, and to connect them at one edge of each. 1874 E. H. Knight I. 355/2 The race-circles, in which the spindles are caused to move. 1920 (U.S. Patent Office) 8 June 254/1 In a braiding machine, the combination with a series of race-circle posts having axial core-ways, of a corresponding series of core-carrying devices located above said posts, [etc.]. 1875 E. H. Knight III. 1850/1 Race cloth... A cloth used in connection with race-saddles; it has pockets to hold the weights needed to meet the requirements of the rules of the race-course. 1927 3 Dec. p. iv (advt.) Ascot Race Cloths... Roll-up cloth. 2011 J. Morton & S. Lobez xvi. 319 If there were similar-looking animals [sc. greyhounds] then the race cloths could be switched. 1677 in M. Wood (1950) X. 295 A race cup of the valew of sexteine..pound sterling. 1780 R. B. Sheridan iii. iii. 40 All the family race cups, and corporation bowls. 1851 H. Martineau in 25 Oct. 114/1 The race-cups and the statuettes. 1935 25 Mar. 17/5 No man has a right to suppose that in selling a race cup or trophy he ought to obtain its advertised value. 2005 (Nexis) 6 Mar. c1 No one complained when they received their ribbons, medals and trophies, though they weren't official race cups. 1807 11 June 3/2 The second and last year of the renewed Sweepstakes of 10gs. each; to which is added 25gs. out of the Race Fund. 1840 J. C. Whyte I. 200 The shareholders will receive five per cent…the remainder to go to the race fund. 1902 8 May 3/6 The balance, if any, of the purchase money is divided equally between the owner of the second horse and the race fund. 1996 (Nexis) 1 May 33 The stewards ordered..that O'Sullivan's deposit be forfeited to the race fund. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > other board games > [noun] > horseracing game 1865 11 Jan. 1/4 (advt.) In-door games... Curling, race games, and hosts of others, from 1s. 1930 A. P. Herbert xiv. 196 In that light the hare seemed tinier and the greyhounds toys... The place might have been some monstrous nursery ‘race-game’. 2006 (Nexis) 12 Dec. a21 The Egyptians played a backgammon-like race game called senet. 1898 10 Aug. He did not come here with the race gang, and when found was trying to sneak out of the city. 1931 M. Allingham xxiv. 250 Gipsies and race gangs always hate each other. 1999 R. Hoskins iv. 88 The idea of basing a novel on the race gang feud came from the Lewes Assize cases in the early 1930s. 1775 L. Carter 23 Sept. (1965) II. 949 I will not lay the fault of setting the race gate behind or rather below the dam so that without a large bridge nothing could be carried over it. 1897 L. Bell ix. 334 One of the main race gates, lifted by the mechanism at G2. 1930 L. G. D. Acland 1st Ser. x. 251 He once asked Moore why he didn't put race gates into his yards. 1996 (Nexis) 21 Aug. 28 Options include a sheep loading facility, three and six feet gate stabilisers and extra race gates. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instrument for distant vision > [noun] > binoculars or field-glasses 1843 26 May 8/1 (advt.) There is perhaps no article that has risen so rapidly in public estimation as the New Race Glass, made by Messrs. Thomas Harris and Son. 1894 G. Moore xxxi. 256 Betting men had crowded the platform; they all wore grey overcoats with race-glasses slung over their shoulders. 1938 F. D. Sharpe xix. 204 From the coach descended a number of the boys one of whom was carrying a pair of race-glasses. 2000 D. Francis (2001) 162 Binoculars. Race glasses. 1868 28 May 2/1 Some race-glassed and blue-veiled traveller. 1868 June 14/1 Bushels of barons, and shoals of squires, dust-coated, be-flowered, race-glassed, spick and span-suited. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator > at sport 1838 2 June 6/4 It is a very excellent contrivance for the accommodation and convenience of racegoers. 1880 Feb. 71 Race-goers are not, as a rule, early drinkers. 1948 18 July 13/4 It has now been in operation for some time, and many race~goers are fed up with it. 2002 R. Cassidy iv. 65 The consumption of alcohol by racegoers is one of the major activities traditionally undertaken on course. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [adjective] > spectator > at races 1846 12 June 5/5 The quantity of broken stones laid down to be pulverized by the race-going vehicles. 1929 S. Ertz xv. 332 He had always been so busy with his..shooting, his race-going, and latterly his horses. 2001 P. P. Read (2002) i. xii. 101 The paper told its race-going readers that..they should look for the Crown Prince and Princess of Sweden. 1890 3 Jan. 14/3 (advt.) He is not certain about the race marks. 1912 21 Sept. 32/2 A deft hand..sought eagerly the race-mark stamped on the wing. 1967 6 Sept. 11/4 The rubber race marks are checked and these indicate exactly which of a fancier's birds has been clocked. 1928 8 July 22/3 Birds competing in the..race from Marennes,..will be racemarked at No. 5 platform. 1997 Aug. 19/2 The birds were formerly race marked at two marking stations. 1772 S. Briscoe II. 33 The second race-night Mr. Montague danced with me. 1845 7 83 As it is a race-night, the house will be full. 1901 M. Franklin xxi. 183 Joe Archer told me you ran into a clothes-line on race-night. 1987 (Nexis) 22 Dec. Race nights and discos organized by stable staff..raised £600, £1,000 and £412. 1995 D. Hobbs (2003) vi. 77 Successive landlords have tried everything. Stag nights and hen nights, karaoke, race nights, satellite TV. 1995 54 26 The British dog track owners were able to maintain their profits simply by increasing the number of events they ran on a particular race night. 1737 J. Brickell 39 Horse-Racing they are fond of, for which they have Race-Paths, near each Town. 1853 F. W. Thomas 84 Along the devious narrow race-path to the mill-dam. 1870 A. H. Redford II. iii. 213 I was surprised to see a pair of race-paths at the church-door. 2006 (Nexis) 30 July Treats and pools were placed throughout the race path for the animals' refreshment. 1863 J. Fletcher 1/1 The purpose of my invention is..to prevent the bearing and friction of the racer on the top surface or surfaces of the raceway or the race-plates thereof. 1911 Race plate, a plate with races, or channels for passage, as of matrices in a typesetting machine. 1993 H. H. Yang in M. Lewin et al. III. (High Technol. Fibers: Part C) ii. v. 142 Race plates. Cover with mole skin or smooth felt pads. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [noun] > starting or finishing mark 1643 J. Milton 40 Like race posts quickly to be run over. a1731 D. Defoe (1734) viii Match the two Horses, and bring them to the Race Post. 1817 8 Apr. 2/2 Rather than be laughed at for breaking our noses against the race-post, we risk the charge of intellectual cowardice..for turning our backs on a legitimate conclusion. 2001 N. McGraw ix. 38 A southwestern view of the San Gabriel Mountains with the sun setting behind the grandstands, around the ninth race post. society > communication > broadcasting > broadcaster > [noun] > types of society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > tout or tipster 1926 31 May 5/2 There was..not one expert race reader who did not think that, sturdily as Francis Joseph was hanging on to the favourite, the latter would shake him off whenever his jockey wished him to do so. 1951 E. Rickman iii. 23 Some practised race-readers tend to become ridiculously self-opinionated. 1955 22 Apr. 29/3 Racing at Newmarket... Commentary by Raymond Glendenning, assisted by Tom E. Webster as race-reader. 1968 ‘J. Welcome’ ii. 33 ‘Mountpatrick still well clear,’ came the race-reader's voice. ‘Then Blue Soldier, Mark Twain, Kitchener..all in a group together.’ 1993 8 Aug. 3/6 The 20–1 shot..was noted by race-readers as making ‘good headway on bit over one furlong out’. 1963 ‘J. Prescot’ iv. 60 I think you can rule out..the gift of race-reading in advance by looking into a crystal ball. 1976 10 Dec. 6/3 Michael O'Hehir, whose Telefis Eireann race-reading they [sc. the BBC] have taken in previously. 2005 (Nexis) 5 Sept. 16 For race-reading, the best view is in the parade ring, on the big screen. 1914 19 Sept. 6/2 Fifteen men and boys were routed out of their hay and straw beds in the race sheds, at the Fair grounds. 1950 Apr. 375/2 The race shed was..popular many years ago. It was similar to the barn type, except that the cows followed one another along each side of the shed and the milkers worked from a central passage. 2007 (Nexis) 17 Feb. 36 The F430 [a sports car] is an aerodynamic marvel with exceptional handling. Much of the design has been borrowed from the race shed. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > racecourse > [noun] > areas for spectators 1788 14 Feb. The Hon. the Governor, and lady Campbel honoured the race-stand with their presence. 1836 C. G. F. Gore III. iii. 35 How should he avoid the explosion of family wrath, which could not occur more inopportunely than in a race-stand? 1930 16 June 23/5 A racestand filled entirely with men is a soul-deadened spectacle. 2006 (Nexis) 7 Jan. 52 Casual observers in the race stands of the Gold Coast Turf Club. 1881 J. Grant I. i. 10 Indian jars and old silver race tankards. 1851 3 May 8/4 They left Chester by the second race train for Manchester. 1938 F. D. Sharpe xx. 223 The gymer gets out of the race train and boards the Underground railway. 2004 June 89/1 It is enough to give the race-train passenger indigestion from his buffet-car sandwich as he passes the braying banquets on the walk from the station to the track. 1822 T. Carlyle Let. 18 Dec. in (1970) II. 233 Some noisy cascade,..the rushing of a miln [sc. mill] race-trough. 1836 J. D. Davidson Jrnl. 8 Dec. in 1 (1935) 373 These stilts are like the supports of race troughs which convey water to Mill wheels in Virginia. 1883 6 June This gate was simply a square of thick plank, bolted together, of the exact size of the race trough, so that when down it would exactly close the end of it. 1956 19 May 3/6 T. Richardson..has been elected as captain of the Centurions—membership of which is for those who have race walked 100 miles within 24 hours. 1973 F. Wakefield et al. (ed. 3) 253 Because some people do not want to race walk, the field of competition is small. 2005 J. Weiner ii. 18 I ducked my head and racewalked past the news vans..and into Gracie's car. 1908 2 Mar. 1/3 Stevens has many records as a race walker. 2000 J. Entine x. 150 His financial backer, former star race-walker Daniel O'Leary. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing on foot > [noun] > walking race 1893 7 May 12/6 It must be said that in neither country is race-walking as popular as it was a score of years ago. 1934 23 Apr. 5/5 Green has announced his intention of retiring from race-walking this season. 2004 S. Damkjær in J. Bale & M. K. Christensen xiv. 224 Race walking, an Olympic discipline, is not particularly elegant. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). racen.2 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French raiz. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman raiz, rais and Middle French raiz root (c1145 in Old French; also in Old French as rais ) < classical Latin rādīc- , rādīx (see radix n.; compare also radish n.). Compare Old Occitan raiz (c1070), Catalan rel (late 13th cent. as raïl ; compare raïl del gingebre (early 14th cent.)), Spanish raíz (c1200; compare rayz de jengibre (1566)), Portuguese raiz (13th cent.; 1091 as radize ), all in sense ‘root’. Compare earlier root n.1 the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > ginger c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich (1896) 89 (MED) Rubbe þe race of gyngyre on þe wheston in to þe wyn. a1500 in (1885) 8 283 (MED) Atte Modone..where groweth good Romeney and Rase. 1598 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 24 I haue a gammon of bacon, and two razes of Ginger, to be deliuered as far as Charing crosse. View more context for this quotation 1626 J. Smith 40 A few stewed Prunes, a race of greene ginger. 1655 E. Terry 97 Ginger..the large Races whereof are there very excellently well preserved. 1705 47 For the pickle... Eight blades of mace, 3 razes of ginger, a Spoonful of whole Pepper, and one onion. 1711 5 Mar. 2/2 Alspice, Pepper, and Ginger Rase and Ground... To be Sold by Zabdiel Boylston, at his Shop at the Head of Dock-Square in Boston. c1825 II. xlvii. 8 A race of ginger you shall surely have. 1879 ii. 91/2 The ginger of commerce is the dry, wrinkled rhizomes of the plant, which are called ‘races’. 1913 H. Kephart in B. A. Botkin (1949) iv. iii. 688 ‘Can I bring a race of ginger?’ means the unground root. 1996 8 Dec. (Life Suppl.) 40/3 I notice that a hand of ginger is also known as a ‘race’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). racen.3 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: race v.2 Etymology: < race v.2 Compare later raze n.1In sense 2 short for race knife n. the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] > a cut or incision society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > [noun] > line > made with sharp instrument c1500 Robert Deuyll in W. J. Thoms (1828) I. 40 Robert had a race in his face. a1589 L. Mascall (1591) 19 Yee must launce his feete gently rounde on the edge of his hoofes, with small races not deepe. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny II. xxxvi. vi. 572 That sand cutteth smooth and cleane as it goeth, and leaves no race at all in the work. 1683 J. Moxon II. 114 He, with the Tooth of the Gage makes a Mark or Race on the side of the Face. 1705 No. 4145 She hath had a little Race Sore upon one of her hind Gambrels. 1811 J. Farey I. v. 438 A race or nick being first scratched with the point of the Pick, where the Wedges are to enter. 1819 A. Rees XXIX Race, the mark made on timber, &c. by a tool called a racing-knife. society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > other types of cutting equipment > [noun] > others 1904 4/1 Race,..a small hoe-shaped gouge used for marking timber, barrels,... Hence race-mark,..the mark made by the ‘race’. 1923 G. Sturt vi. 30 The various points for cross-cutting the tree were scratched with a ‘race’—a sort of knife with point turned back and sharpened at the bend for this especial purpose. 1964 H. Hodges vii. 109 A row of wedge-pits or triangular slots was cut with an axe-shaped tool (race, gad or jad). 1969 E. H. Pinto 401 The saddler's race or race knife,..used for marking leather, is the same tool that is also used by coopers, lumbermen, and carpenters to mark or scribe logs or timber sections, or to register tallies. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). racen.4Origin: Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: race n.3 Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps a specific use of race n.3 Compare raze n.1 Compare also later ratch n.1, rake n.3 5, reach n.1 3. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > parts of > (parts of) head, neck and face the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > head > white or dark mark on face ?1523 J. Fitzherbert f. xxxi A whyte rase, or a ball in the foreheed. 1674 No. 841 A young black..Dog, with..a little rase of white down his Face and Nose. 1679 No. 1423 A sorrel Stonehorse..with a white Star and raice down his face. 1707 No. 4304 A Pair of..black Coach-Mares, with Races in their Foreheads. 1958 J. Barth v. 62 A seven-year-old chestnut mare with a white race down her face. 1986 W. Charlton tr. E. Abel 174 Race, a narrow white stripe down middle of face. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † racen.5Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: haras n. Etymology: Apparently originally aphetic < haras n., probably subsequently reanalysed as showing a specific sense of race n.6 (compare race n.6 2b). Obsolete. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > equus caballus or horse > [noun] > horse or group kept for breeding 1533 T. Elyot sig. D8r A rase of mares = a stud or herd of horses. 1547 in (1890) II. 86 Persons having custodie of a studde or race of mares. 1600 W. Shakespeare v. i. 72 Doe but note a wild and wanton heard or race of youthfull and vnhandled colts. View more context for this quotation a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Double Marriage i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) sig. Ccccc3v/1 The rases of our horses, he takes from us. 1667 Duchess of Newcastle ii. 106 All this stock was lost, besides his Race of Horses. 1702 W. Hope tr. J. de Solleysel (new ed.) i. xxxix. 149 You may provide your self of young breeding Mares from your own Race. 1758 T. Fairfax 55 Procure either an Arabian, a Spanish, a Turkish horse, or a Barb for a Stallion, which is well shaped, and of a good colour to beautify your race. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online September 2020). racen.6Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French race. Etymology: < Middle French, French race group of people connected by common descent (c1480 as rasse), offspring, descendants (1496), subdivision of a species represented by a certain number of individuals with hereditary characteristics (c1500), time span of a generation (1552), origin, extraction (1558), set or class of people sharing the same profession or the same character (1564), group of animals born to the same mother (1611), subdivision of humankind which is distinguished from others by the relative frequency of certain hereditary traits (1684) < Italian razza kind, species (a1388; earlier as masculine noun razzo (c1300 in sense ‘descent, lineage’, with reference to a horse)), group of individuals of an animal or vegetable species which are differentiated from another group of the same species by one or more characteristics which are constant and hereditary (a1446), offspring, descendants (15th cent.), further etymology uncertain and disputed. Compare Old Occitan rassa gang (late 12th cent.; Occitan raça), plot, conspiracy (13th cent.). Compare also Catalan raça (c1400), Spanish raza (1438), Portuguese raça (1473).Various explanations of the origin of Italian razza have been suggested. Two of the most popular of these suggest a Latin origin: one theory suggests a derivation < classical Latin ratiō ratio n., while the other sees the word as being shortened < classical Latin generātiō generation n. An alternative explanation (and one supported by modern dictionaries of Italian: see e.g. M. Cortelazzo and P. Zolli Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana at razza) derives the Italian word < Old French haraz haras n. For a full discussion and summary of these and various other competing theories see Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at ratiō. In sense 5b after French race physiologique (A. P. de Candolle 1878, in Arch. des sci. physiques et naturelles 61 5). I. A group of people, animals, or plants, connected by common descent or origin. In its widest sense the term includes all descendants from an original stock, but may also be limited to a single line of descent or to the group as it exists at a particular period. 1. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > stock, race, or family > [noun] society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun] > collectively a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil (1557) iv. sig. Gi Ofspring of eche race With mortal warr eche other may fordoe. 1556 J. Ponet sig. Bvii First bylike that thempire should not goo out of his owne race, he [sc. Caligula] coupleth..with all his susters. 1567 W. Painter II. xxx. f. 358v The gentle damsell also had breathed forth the finall gaspe of hir sorowfull life, yelding therwithal the last end of the Montanine race & family. a1627 J. Wynn (1878) 33 Some affirme Jevan ap Meredith to be the elder brother, and soe doth all the race that are of him contend. 1676 T. Shadwell ii. 33 I am the last of all my Family; my Race will fail, if I should fail. 1768 L. Sterne I. 4 The Bourbon is by no means a cruel race. 1785 J. Boswell 11 Mr. Dundas is of a great law race. The family of Arniston has for four successive generations been judges in our supreme civil court. 1833 Ld. Tennyson 1 We were two daughters of one race. 1883 J. R. Green 418 [Eadmund Ironside] shared, no doubt, the weak constitution of his race. 1929 18 Mar. 19/3 Christopher Fagan, the ancestor of the race, was Sheriff and Mayor of Dublin in the 16th century. 1973 20 16 The curse uttered over the race of Atreus. 2000 E. S. Belfiore i. 16 The Argive women supplicate Theseus on the basis of kinship, since they, like him, belong to the race of Pelasgos. the world > people > ethnicities > [noun] > regarded as of common stock 1572 I. B. sig. B.i The Englishe race ouerrunne and daily spoiled. 1594 (1816) IV. 73/1 All of thair races clannis and names duelland within the boundis of the hielandis and bordouris. a1627 J. Wynn (1878) 20 Llewelyn ap Gruffith last Prince of Wales of the Brittish race. 1667 J. Milton i. 780 That Pigmean Race Beyond the Indian Mount. View more context for this quotation 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer I. iv. 51 Troy's whole Race thou woud'st confound. ?1770 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens 35 Her eyes, well pleas'd, in Lusus' sons could trace A kindred likeness to the Roman race. 1827 D. Johnson (ed. 2) 140 The worst race of people inhabiting that part. 1917 E. R. Burroughs v. 50 The green men of Mars, being a nomadic race without high intellectual development, have but crude means for artificial lighting. 1941 A. C. Bouquet ix. 176 He still thinks of his race as the Chosen People. 1998 M. Gibson in J. Schneider iv. 100 How could one identify the races in Italy? 2005 D. McWilliams xxiv. 271 Back in mainland Europe, it feels like the Jews and the Paddies are the only two entrepreneurial races in Europe. the world > people > ethnicities > race > [noun] 1612 R. Coverte 39 He is a white man and of the Race of the Tartares. 1684 tr. A. O. Exquemelin i. iii. 28 The Spaniards love better the Negro Women, in those Western parts, or the tawny Indian Females, than their own white European race. 1706 D. Defoe i. 17 Campeche Indians are some of them the most Barbarous and Inhumane of the American Race. 1774 Ld. Kames I. i. i. 14 The Finlanders and northern Norwegians..are fair beyond other Europeans... There are many instances of races of people preserving their original colour in climates very different from their own. 1842 J. C. Prichard 150 No two races of Men can be more strongly contrasted than were the ancient Egyptian and the Syro-Arabian races. 1855 July 267/2 Then the Czar was to call the Sclavonic races to arms against Austria. 1868 C. Kingsley Pref. 10 They were all different tribes and peoples of the one great Hellen race. 1901 June 110/2 The tall blonde race of northern Europe, sometimes called ‘Teutons’, but more scientifically ‘Nordics’. 1943 13 44 The evidence..strongly suggests that the earliest migrants belonged to a Tasmanoid (Negrito) race..and that this race..found its way to Tasmania. 1973 C. Ridley tr. S. Alexiou (ed. 2) i. 14 The anthropologist assigns them to the Mediterranean race, characterized by dolichocephaly, and black hair and eyes. 2004 R. Weitz i. 20 In his influential 1916 book, The Passing of the Great Race , Madison Grant argued that ‘the citadel of civilization will fall’ if the Nordic race..wiped itself out through intermarriage with the ‘brunet’ races of southern and eastern Europe. the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > [noun] 1735 J. Atkins 39 I am persuaded the black and white Race have, ab origine, sprung from different-coloured first Parents.] 1774 O. Goldsmith Animals in II. 219 The second great variety, in the human species, seems to be that of the Tartar race. 1795 T. Pownall 142 These Tartar tribes, which he supposes to be of the Red Race, distinct from the European White Race. 1839 XIV. 361/2 Considerable differences occur in the general stature of the several races of mankind. 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon i. v. 27 Blumenbach proposed to establish five races: 1st, the Caucasian; 2nd, the Mongolian; 3rd, the Ethiopian; 4th, the American; 5th, the Malay. 1875 I. 263/2 The next great branch of the Ethiopic race comprehends the Galla, who occupy an immense tract in Eastern Africa... Our knowledge of them is chiefly confined to those Gallas who conquered Abyssinia. 1881 5 Mar. 2 An agonized wail for the incoming administration to recognize the coloured citizens by putting a representative of the race in the cabinet. 1936 18 Apr. 636/2 The races or types into which the anthropologist groups the varieties of Homo sapiens are ideal types. 1950 9 405 Darwin did not find evidences of physical superiority in any one race of man. 1959 29 69 From the U.N.E.S.C.O. statement we can define ‘race’ as ‘a division of man, the members of which, though individually varying, are characterized as a group by certain inherited physical features as having a common origin’. 1971 R. M. Keesing & F. M. Keesing 51 It is at this point that the term ‘race’ becomes relevant. Though in popular usage it is emotionally charged and imprecise, it has a straightforward and important meaning in evolutionary biology. A race is a geographically separated, hence genetically somewhat distinctive, population within a species. 1984 J. F. Lamb et al. (ed. 2) iv. 75 Different races have slightly different proportions of Rh positive, for example, Caucasians 85 percent, Orientals 99 percent. 1997 Mar. 22/1 True races may not exist, but racism does. 2005 P. S. Parker i. 1 A White middle class feminine ideal that paradoxically excludes the leadership experiences of women of different races and class statuses. 2. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > progeny or offspring 1549 J. Hooper sig. A.viiiv There shall come forthe of the rase of Jesse a braunche. 1568 H. Charteris Pref. Lyndesay's Wks. in J. A. H. Murray (1871) 9* Quhen ane pure man with his haill raice and offspring hes laubourit out yair lyfis on ane lytill peice of ground. 1570 J. Foxe (rev. ed.) II. 1841/1 Thus was the outward race & stocke of Abraham after flesh refused. 1593 R. Hooker iv. v. 178 Such, as either wee must acknowledge for our owne forefathers or els disdaine the race of Christ. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. xiii. 107 Haue I..Forborne the getting of a lawfull Race, And by a Iem of women. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton x. 385 High proof ye now have giv'n to be the Race Of Satan. View more context for this quotation 1728 A. Pope i. 58 How Tragedy and Comedy embrace; How Farce and Epic get a jumbled race. 1785 W. Cowper iv. 384 Her infant race..sit cow'ring o'er the sparks. 1820 P. B. Shelley 110 Blackthorn bushes with their infant race Of blushing rose blooms. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in (new ed.) II. 109 I will take some savage woman, she shall rear my dusky race. 1913 5 Aug. 7/8 The rearing of a happy race through the strong physique of fine boys and girls was the noblest of all callings. 1954 9 July 10/6 It is not surprising that a man so gifted and so fond of children should have borne a race of remarkably gifted offspring. 1985 M. A. Williams vii. 163 Seth's initiative in begetting a race of children. the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione i. sig. C.iiv We see by exaumple not onely in the race of horses and other beastes, but also in trees, whose slippes and graftes alwayes for the moste parte are lyke unto the stocke of the tree they came from. 1607 E. Topsell 298 It behooueth therefore that the Mares appointed for race, be wel compacted, of a decent quality. 1625 R. Withers tr. O. Bon Grand Signors Seraglio x, in S. Purchas II. ix. xv. 1604 He hath also Stables for his Stallions for race. 1667 J. Milton vii. 530 Male he created thee, but thy consort Femal for Race . View more context for this quotation society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun] > collectively > at each stage of descent 1562 T. Sternhold et al. cii. 247 Thy remembrance euer doth abide from race to race. 1660 C. Cotton 13 May there never want a Prince of Your Royal Line to govern these Kingdoms, from Race to Race. 1680 Earl of Roscommon tr. Horace 6 Words are like Leaves, some wither every year, And every year a younger Race succeeds. 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) In several Orders of Knighthood..the Candidates must prove a Nobility of four Races or Descents. 1791 C. H. Elliot 17 A race or generation of..legislators..consists of men from the age of twenty-one to the longest that hoars the head of humanity. 1840 Apr. 495/1 The earlier races of men..had no better means of studying nature than is now possessed by their descendants. 1870 C. Dickens iii. 14 It is an article of faith with the servants, handed down from race to race, that the departed Tisher was a hairdresser. 1905 R. S. Bridges 5 A younger race of gods arose, And Zeus set many sons on heav'nly seats, And many daughters dower'd with new domain. 1929 J. Burke 6 For the old stock is fast dying out..And a young race is taking their place. 1975 R. Guy 123 You can ask any of the older race out there about it and they will tell you the same thing. 3. Any of the major divisions into which living creatures may be separated. (Chiefly not in technical use.) Cf. kind n. 7. 1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus sig. Aiii v Nor any other of that olde and rustie race of Gods. 1578 T. Churchyard sig. D.iii Thou art not of the race of Gods, thou art some Beggers chitte. 1667 J. Milton ii. 194 Shall we then live thus vile, the race of Heav'n Thus trampl'd. View more context for this quotation 1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Metamorphoses i, in 17 There dwells below a Race of Demi-Gods. 1714 J. Hughes tr. Claudian iii. 66 I wish the Giants Race Had struck this deadly Blow, and wrought thee this Disgrace. 1781 W. Cowper 199 The Fauns and Satyrs, a lascivious race. 1820 P. B. Shelley i. i. 31 The voice With which our pallid race hold ghastly talk. 1889 W. Larminie 74 Where they have slept so long, the race divine? 1912 M. J. Cawein 69 To what race of nymphs does she belong? 1950 C. P. Lyons 28 A mysterious race of giants, known as the Sasquatch, live in the high mountains around Harrison Lake. 1992 Feb. 48/1 Contrary to common belief, there is a race of ‘half-elves’ unknown to Alfheim elves. the world > people > [noun] 1553 T. Wilson 13 For, suche is the nature of man, and his corrupt race, that evermore the one foloweth soner, then thother. c1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. xxi. x From among the humane race [thou shalt] Roote out their generation. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. i. 40 His hate may grow To the whole race of Mankinde. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton ii. 348 The happy seat Of som new Race call'd Man. View more context for this quotation 1727 J. Thomson 11 The Flux of many thousand Years, That oft has swept the busy Race of Men..away. 1781 W. Cowper 22 That every tribe..Might feel themselves allied to all the race. 1850 Ld. Tennyson vi. 6 One writes..That ‘Loss is common to the race ’. View more context for this quotation 1872 J. Morley i. 2 It was one of the cardinal liberations of the growing race. 1913 B. Webb 12 July (1952) I. i. 14 And as personal life draws quietly to its end, one's thought concentrates on the future of the race and the search for the Purpose of Human Life. 1958 19 175/2 Tom and Rosasharn underscore the epic idea that all men are brothers because all men belong to the Race of Man. 1989 R. MacNeil viii. 217 We have on our lips and in our brain cells the living DNA, if you like, of our race. the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > species or sub-species > of animals > genus, species, or kind a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. iv. 15 Duncans Horses..Beauteous, and swift, the Minions of their Race . View more context for this quotation 1669 H. Oldenburg Let. 1 Mar. in (1968) V. 423 Whether those Wolf-doggs are of a mingled race, ye oneside Wolf, ye other Dog. 1687 J. Dryden i. 10 The wolfish race, Appear with belly Gaunt, and famish'd face. 1712 J. Addison No. 387. ¶7 The Seeds by which the several Races of Plants are propagated and continued. 1774 O. Goldsmith VII. 190 The generality of mankind regard this formidable race [sc. serpents] with horror. a1822 P. B. Shelley Homer's Hymn to Mercury lii, in (1824) 312 I wished the race of cows were perished. 1995 S. Shell in A. M. Melzer et al. iv. 92 Mankind, unlike the race of dogs and horses, literally creates itself. 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer VI. xxiv. 363 Let the strong Sov'reign of the plumy Race Tow'r on the right of yon' æthereal Space. 1744 J. Thomson Winter in (new ed.) 198 The plumy Race, The Tenants of the Sky. 1753 ‘T. Broderick’ II. cxiii. 243 Below these hung the strange form of the pipe-fish, the longest and the slenderest of all the finny race. a1822 P. B. Shelley Cyclops in (1824) 341 The sacred waves and all the race of fishes. 1873 T. T. Stoddart xv. 142 I descried our boasted Eagle, Tyrant of the feathered race, At confession, scared and trembling, Seeking mercy in my face. 1931 E. G. Boulenger i. 11 The Lancelet, usually regarded as the first faint foreshadowing of the Piscine race. 1957 E. Dahlberg iii. 40 The swan and the duck are not the gymnosophists of the feathered race. 4. As a mass noun. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun] society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > group sharing common inheritance 1563 T. Sackville in W. Baldwin et al. (new ed.) Induct. vi Som were Dukes, and came of regall race. 1590 E. Spenser i. x. sig. K5v Thou faire ymp, sprong out from English race. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. iv. 95 [A] bud of Nobler race . View more context for this quotation 1660 T. Stanley III. i. 27 Who, in race, and honour, and wealth, excelled all the rest of the Citizens. 1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in 46 A Fate..unworthy those of Race divine. 1757 T. Gray Ode I iii. ii, in 10 Two Coursers of ethereal race. 1814 E. S. Erskine 8 Of noble race the Maiden came, Bearing Rosiniere's powerful name. 1852 W. H. Drummond 206 A long and sad farewell to past delights, To bowers, to maidens, chiefs of noble race. 1928 S. M. Hensley 35 If I have one to love and rear He shall be delicate in face Strong-limbed and straight, and showing clear The stamp of noble race. 2006 (Nexis) 21 Oct. 16 The Trojan warriors were Europeans, not Asians, and of noble race. the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. ii. 360 Thy vild race..had that in't, which good natures Could not abide to be with. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. iv. 160 Now I giue my sensuall race, the reine. View more context for this quotation the world > people > ethnicities > race > [noun] > fact of belonging to 1769 A. Ferguson i. i. 18 The diversities of race are marked by a difference of stature, features and complexion. 1774 Ld. Kames I. i. 20 I therefore proceed to instances of national courage and cowardice, that the reader may judge for himself, whether he can discover any other cause for such steady uniformity but diversity of race. 1849 T. B. Macaulay I. i. 16 In no country has the enmity of race been carried farther than in England. 1856 R. W. Emerson iv. 54 Race in the negro is of appalling importance. 1890 25 Jan. 109 They are separated by language, by degree of civilisation, and by the indefinable aggregate of inherent differences which we call ‘race’. 1929 145 141/2 There is no difference of race in dealing with the physical and natural sciences; there is no such thing as British mathematics or Indian zoölogy. 1942 (Office of Census & Statistics, S. Afr.) 984 The population is divided for census purposes into four racial groups as follows:..(4) Coloured—this group consists chiefly of Cape Coloured, but includes also..all persons of mixed race. 1961 R. Heppenstall i. ii. 56 The idea of race has become increasingly ambiguous. 1989 July 318/1 It's illegal for credit-granters to refuse credit on the ground of sex or race. 1997 Mar. 24/1 Race..does not determine skin color, nor does skin color determine race. 2005 31 200/1 As in the South African population, 82% of young people were of black African race. 5. the world > plants > variety or species > [noun] the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > species or sub-species > of animals 1566 T. Blundeville Bredynge of Horses ii. f. 6, in Of all the races in Greece, both the horses and Mares of Thessalia..are moste celebrated. a1629 W. Hinde (1641) vii. 26 I have seene a Gentleman..very carefull to have his horse of a generous race. 1745 R. Pococke II. i. 196 There is a race of sheep in this country with four horns. 1794 J. Rowlin 48 The true Lancashire cattle are descendents of the old English race, called the savage breed. 1849 J. H. Balfour §705 By cultivation, permanent varieties or races have been produced, the seeds of which give rise to individuals varying much from the original specific type. Such races are kept up entirely by the art of the gardener. 1880 T. H. Huxley 292 In this manner, a variety, or race, is generated within the species. 1914 M. W. Harper xvi. 176 In breed improvement, the object is the betterment of the entire strain or race. 1954 C. E. Hubbard 167 In Poa pratensis are included numerous races and strains. Some are sexual, others apomictic. 1973 23 523/1 We are dealing with a single species of honeybee, Apis mellifera, the races of which differ very little in appearance or structure. 1992 84 579/1 Modern cultivated races of banana (usually triploid, parthenocarpic, and clonally propagated plants) are grown throughout the tropics. the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > species or sub-species 1878 June 155/2 In the Bibliothèque Universelle, of Geneva, De Candolle has an article on the ‘Existence of Physiological Races in Species of Plants’. 1896 21 99 A species having two well marked physiological races, one maintaining itself on rye and the other on wheat. 1909 E. Warming et al. ii. xxv. 85 Viscum album..is another such species, of which one race can be parasitic upon about fifty species of dicotylous trees, and other races upon several kinds of coniferous trees;..they are physiological races (the..‘biological races’ of Rostrup). 1946 A. Nelson xxv. 476 Either the black rust fungus of India and South Africa is of a different biological race from that of Australia, or growth in the new environment had so altered the wheat that the resistance mechanism failed. 1947 1 72 The amount of labor involved in identifying different races of these rust fungi on a series of differential hosts precludes the possibility of exploring the total variation that might occur among the progeny of even a single cross. 2006 57 2093/1 Physiological races of powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) cause different symptoms in eight melon lines. II. In extended use: a group or class of people, animals, or things, having some common feature or features. 6. 1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus sig. Liii v These Sophistrers and Logiciens, beyng a race of men more kackeling than a meny of dawes. a1568 R. Ascham (1570) i. f. 20v His onely example had breed soch a rase of worthie learned ientlemen, as this Realme neuer yet did affourde. 1568 W. Dunbar in W. T. Ritchie (1928) II. 292 Bakbyttaris of sindry racis. 1596 E. Spenser v. i. sig. M6 The wicked seede of vice Began to spring..But euermore some of the vertuous race Rose vp. View more context for this quotation 1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher iv. sig. I1v You preserue A race of idle people here about you, Facers, and talkers. 1653 E. Waterhouse 211 The knowledge of this makes Satan..busie to gain many Proselytes of the learned Race. 1676 T. Shadwell i. 2 The Race of Gentlemen is more degenerated than that of Horses. 1712 E. Budgell No. 404. ¶3 To this Affectation the World owes its whole Race of Coxcombs. 1757 E. Perronet (new ed.) i. lviii. 14 Colliers and miners, ghastly race! With horny hands and grimy face. 1823 C. Lamb Two Races of Men in 51 The human species..is composed of two distinct races, the men who borrow, and the men who lend. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato (ed. 2) V. 56 There arose a new race of poets..who made pleasure the only criterion of excellence. 1906 J. Loeb tr. P. Decharme 6 Euripides..belongs to the race of those who have taken life seriously. 1957 W. F. Connell 85 One frustrated citizen had picturesquely described Sydneysiders as ‘a race of knockers’. 1995 2 Feb. 7/4 A turgid epic by Edmond Rostand..glorifying a new race of air-borne heroes. the world > life > sex and gender > [noun] > sex > a sex 1558 J. Knox f. 18 What sentence God had pronounced against the hole race and doughters of Heua. 1590 E. Spenser iii. v. sig. Gg8 In gentle Ladies breste, and bounteous race Of woman kind. 1645 E. Waller 20 She..Seems to have practis'd with much care, To frame the race of women faire. 1688 Poet's Answer to One in J. Barker ii. 206 He form'd the Race of Women to enthrall, Reveng'd upon their Sex the quarrels of us all. 1711 R. Steele No. 113. ⁋4 She is beautiful beyond the Race of Women. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer III. xi. 349 Three gallant sons..but of the softer race, One nymph alone. 1841 C. Dickens vii. 273 Accustomed to wish with great emphasis that the whole race of women could but die off. 1847 22 182 She generally directs her energies towards asserting the supremacy of her sex, and the inferiority of the masculine race. 1897 H. James in Jan. 32 Avenging on the unscrupulous race of men their immemorial selfish success with the plastic race of women. 1912 W. Boyle i. 22 God help the race of women! 1990 C. E. Proctor iv. 60 In her role as incubator of the male race, woman was honored..as never before. 2003 (Nexis) 26 Sept. A local media man's pontifications on whether the encroachments of the fairer race into journalism has made the trade more ‘ignorant and bitchy’. 1576 W. Lambarde 269 The whole race of the Bishops succeeding Iustus in this See. 1699 T. Gipps ii. xvii. 96 This Race of Bishops continued even unto Austin the Monks coming hither. 1720 T. Gordon & J. Trenchard No. 9 It is not once said in the Christian Law, that there must be an uninterrupted Race of Bishops, or Popes, or Priests, to the End of the World. 1830 T. P. Thompson in July 250 They [sc. the Americans] have given no annuities to keep up the race of Presidents. 1879 W. Hamilton 15 Since the first grant of Letters Patent to Jonson in 1619 to the present day, we have had an unbroken race of officially appointed and pensioned poets laureate. 7. the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > [noun] the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class 1590 E. Spenser ii. xii. sig. Z7v Seagulles..And Cormoyraunts, with birds of rauenous race. 1648 R. Herrick sig. R4 Of Pushes Spalt has such a knottie race. 1676 J. Dryden iii. 44 Piety is no more, she sees her place Usurp'd by Monsters, and a savage Race. 1739 R. Bradley (ed. 2) ix. 126 Of the Horned Race, the Buck is one of those Creatures which sheds his Horns every Year. 1783 S. Johnson 20 Nov. (1994) IV. 245 I hope [her disease] is not of the cephalick race. 1822 in W. Scott III. ii. 26 Amidst the faded race of fallen leaves. 1857 J. Ruskin 347 It is not always easy to distinguish the satire of the venomous race of books from the satire of the noble and pure ones. 1909 C. A. Benson 199 A race of forms..Crawled in the weltering ooze. 1962 7 Nov. 24/4 The toga's spectacular success has bred a whole new race of night-gowns in the lingerie world. 2004 (Nexis) 29 Mar. NASA plans to begin sending a new race of advanced robots on interplanetary jaunts to the farthest locations in the solar system. the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > kingdom or sub-kingdom the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [noun] > the material world or nature > division of natural world 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil 129 Of all the Race of Animals, alone The Bees have common Cities of their own. View more context for this quotation 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont 227 They can..extract from Water Minerals, Vegetables, and Animals, and give new Creatures to these three Races of Nature. 1798 T. R. Malthus 15 Necessity..restrains them within the prescribed bounds. The race of plants, and the race of animals shrink under this great restrictive law. 1814 (Royal Soc.) 104 109 M. Cuvier..has succeeded in determining the fossil bones of no less than seventy-eight species, of which forty-nine are entirely unknown among the existing race of animals. 1850 21 May 8/6 As one of the largest and most uncommon of the race of animals, he [sc. the hippopotamus] was not unknown to the ancient world. 1934 31 312 When awareness first made its appearance in the race of animals, did not the brain..generate whatever data then became given? †8. the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > class or grade of wine > [noun] 1520 R. Whittington f. 13v This is a cup of good rumney and drynketh well of the rase. Hec est cuppa resinati vini electi, et odoriferi.] 1630 tr. G. Botero (rev. ed.) 402 The golden Mountaine..which beares a wine of a more delicate and rich race than the Canaries, and inestimable plenty too. 1633 P. Massinger i. iii. sig. C3 A pipe Of rich Canarie..Is it of the right race? 1647 J. Howell 141 One cannot passe a dayes journey but he will find a differing race of wine. a1682 Sir T. Browne (1684) 25 A pure and flosculous race or spirit. 1781 S. Johnson Thomson in IX. 37 Race..a word which, applied to wines, in its primitive sense, means the flavour of the soil. 1835 New Ser. 2 350/1 Like certain wines and fruits..in removal, much of the race, or peculiar flavour of the soil, is sure to be lost. 1875 S. Evans 165 Arthur bade the pages plenish well The cups of all the kings with wine of race, Osaye or Algarde. the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > vigour or liveliness society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [noun] > piquancy or poignancy 1690 W. Temple Ess. Anc. & Mod. Learning 61, in I think the Epistles of Phalaris, to have more Race, more Spirit, more Force of Wit and Genius than any others I have ever seen, either antient or modern. 1699 J. Collier 110 The Race and Spirit of her Discourse, lies only in the Abuse of Two or Three solemn Expressions of Scripture. 1711 P. H. 185 Mr. Dolben..pursu'd the Charge with a peculiar Race of Spirit. 1781 S. Johnson Thomson in IX. 37 I know not whether they [sc. Thomson's Poems] have not lost part of what Temple calls their race. 1831 T. B. Macaulay in Sept. 16 We know no production of the human mind which has so much of what may be called the race, so much of the peculiar flavour of the soil from which it sprang. 1875 J. McCosh xxxi. 247 His conversation had a race and flavour peculiarly its own. Compounds C1. Equivalent modern compounds are now often formed with racial adj. a. General attributive in sense ‘caused by, based on, of, or relating to race’. 1884 Nov. 553/1 It is true that race-aversion entered into the question as to the exclusion of the Chinese; but that alone could not have effected the object. 1929 34 667 There is no room in a democracy for race hatred or race prejudice, and race aversion or opposition should be disposed of as thoroughly as possible. 1995 E. Boehmer i. 26 Her stocks and plantations, which far exceed what most young English heiresses can offer, override the race aversions that trouble the son. 1882 E. G. Scott iv. 99 The development of New England character is due,..to the original vigor and expansive force of the race blood. 1906 W. H. Fleming 37 The one is based on a supposed duty to God; the other on a supposed duty to one's race-blood. 2002 E. Lemire ii. 38 Each parent contributed his or her race blood through the act of procreation. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil iii. 64 Agragas..steeds courrageous with racebrood plentiful offred. 1911 K. Stephens in Nov. 78/2 O the self-reliant, right-seeking winds of the prairie, Blowing out lustily. From the race-brood of New England. 1854 H. S. Patterson in J. C. Nott & G. R. Gliddon p. xxxiii It is manifest that our relation to and management of these people must depend, in a great measure, upon their intrinsic race-character. 1902 W. F. R. Weldon in 1 229 If the hybrids of the first generations [of two races of peas]..be allowed to fertilise themselves, all possible combinations of the ancestral race-characters will appear in the second generation with equal frequency. 2000 C. Boeckmann i. 15 An emphasis on inherited race character brought racial theory into a close relationship with literary notions about characterization. 1860 A. Gurowski 95 In the most ancient Asiatic world, the primitive societies generally had analogous beginnings.., whatever the difference of time, epochs, or race-characteristics. 1875 W. D. Whitney ii. 8 The theory of a language as a race-characteristic. 1998 (Nexis) 6 Apr. e1 The benefits of noting race characteristics such as skin colour are slim, if they exist at all. 1868 627 Giving the elective franchise to the negro..will engender and precipitate race-conflict. 1919 W. L. Fleming i. 21 The negro soldier..was more than Southern temper could tranquilly bear, and race conflicts were frequent. 1998 6 Aug. ii. 3/1 The idea of global race conflict..has been a paramount but mostly hidden theme of international relations throughout the 20th century. 1862 L. A. Sawyer vii. 55 Race culture is the ruling consideration in the selection of this wife. 1909 C. W. Saleeby (title) Parenthood and race culture. An outline of eugenics. 1995 M. Lind iii. 118 A secular ethic endorsing conformity to one's official race-culture. 1852 52 278 The mysteries of race differences and race affinities. 1875 W. D. Whitney i. 4 Far greater race-differences are met with among the speakers of one language. 1919 E. Wharton v. iii. 91 If one makes such a criticism to a French friend, in any candid discussion of race-differences, the answer is always: ‘Of course you Anglo-Saxons are more generous, because you are so much richer.’ 2005 (Nexis) 15 Nov. e5 Kids adjusted to race differences; their parents often did not. 1876 264 The very first principle of government your new-made citizens saw in operation was the principle of race discrimination. 1918 (Lawyers' ed.) 62 155/2 Plaintiff is not in a position to raise the issue of race discrimination, not being himself a negro. 2005 W. Van Gerven iv. 181 Race discrimination has a long, odious, and tragic history. 1854 W. J. Grayson 79 Bonds soon shall cease to be the negro's lot, Mere race distinctions shall be all forgot. 1926 A. J. Carver in B. C. Williams 151 She could be high-and-mighty when it pleased her and, ‘blue-gummed’ African though she was..she was by virtue of her calling above and beyond all race distinction. 2006 (Nexis) 14 Sept. b1 Our community has matured beyond the race distinctions that far too many other communities still suffer from. 1868 T. Nicholas Index 603/2 Leading race divisions of mankind. 1974 15 462 The present race divisions are projected into the past as though they were always a feature of South African society. 2003 J. Morrison iv. 63 Sexuality seems to be framed..as a means of escape from oppressive class and race divisions. 1867 J. W. Draper I. vi. xxvii. 460 Race equality in the North is pitted against race inequality in the South. 1911 G. Spiller i. 31 It becomes a vital matter to grapple with the problem of race equality. 1992 D. Robins i. 5 Race-equality advisers in schools. 1873 July 501 Mr. Spencer..would derive everything from experience, but from a race-experience. 1927 No. 2. 130 This reintegration of individual experience into race experience. 2005 P. Marshall iv. 125 The Ideas..are composited over long ages of race-experience. 1855 J. B. Walker 266 If the reader of this page had been born a Jew, he would have the same race-feeling which affects them. 1919 A. MacLeish 17 Nov. (1983) 57 I find race feeling runs pretty hot in my veins. 2001 M. Bauerlein 17 White voters could not overcome their race feeling and join with blacks to their mutual benefit. 1851 L. Kossuth 6 Race hatred between the Croats, Servians, and Wallachians. 1901 5 Aug. 7/2 The object of these documents has usually been..to fan the race-hatred of the Dutch in South Africa. 1976 16 Dec. 5/2 Intent to stir up race hatred. 1995 J. Montague 43 The swarm of blood to the brain, the vomit surge of race hatred, the victim seeing the oppressor. 1886 Dec. 289 One is attached to the truth by personal conviction because he is an honest man..; and he is attached to it as a race-heritage by tradition. 1904 J. London x. 95 It is the race heritage, the sadness which has made the race sober-minded, clean-lived, and fanatically moral. 2006 C. Hodge & H. Bushnell i. 41 The idea that freedom was the race heritage of the Germanic peoples but perhaps not that of other people. 1855 J. M. Smith in F. Douglass p. xxviii The dawning science of race-history. 1907 W. James v. 169 The most primitive ways of thinking..may remain as indelible tokens of events in our race-history. 2006 (Nexis) 12 Nov. e1 I was asked to specifically address the silence of race history. 1867 J. W. Draper I. vi. xxvii. 460 Race equality in the North is pitted against race inequality in the South. 1939 M. M. Litvinov i. iii. 31 He [sc. Hitler] propagates the principle, not only of race inequality, but also of the inequality of peoples. 2004 (Nexis) 17 Mar. 5 Methods to tackle race inequality, such as colourblind recruitment techniques, anti-racism training, and job advertising in the ethnic minority press. 1885 Dec. 606/2 A strange nation, showing the obstinate persistency of race inheritance. 1909 W. James viii. 214 Dr. Schiller has shown that all our truths, even the most elemental, are affected by race-inheritance with a human co-efficient. 2006 K. Poewe v. 82 It was a science-based religion that combined notions of race-inheritance, belief, justice, culture and economy. 1857 J. C. Nott & G. R. Gliddon ii. ix. 192 This perdurable race-instinct breaks forth..among the Theban fellàhs. 1901 W. James 3 Mar. (1920) II. 141 Empire anyhow is half crime by necessity of Nature, and to see a country like the United States..perversely rushing to wallow in the mire of it, shows how strong these ancient race instincts be. 2004 H. B. Wonham iv. 138 Rosedale, who generates a semblance of ‘personality’ by acting on his race instincts. 1874 20 May The only hope of such minorities, in political warfare, is to sink, if possible, the race issue. 1925 30 388 As there were no negroes at all in his vicinity..one would hardly expect to find the race issue uppermost in the mind of this man. 1976 (Nexis) 14 Feb. 18 The Home Office..has been criticised for its passivity and sheer ignorance of race issues. 2005 11 Feb. (Time Out section) 7/2 He lets his mouth run, addressing race issues, before spewing controversy. 1883 Dec. 631/2 Can we hope that for the first time in the history of the world a great race law will be of non-effect? 1942 ‘G. Orwell’ Diary 22 Mar. in (1968) II. 412 German propaganda is..offering..emancipation to the Kaffirs and stricter race laws to the Boers. 2001 C. Hitchens xiii. 93 Berlin Jews who had violated the Nazi race laws by marrying Aryans. 1858 A. Duff xxi. 336 All the race-lines of the human family..if traced backwards, would be found to converge towards..a single primordial stock. 1891 17 Jan. App. 101/1 At Marion, Ind.,..when the Democrats were attempting to have a rally,..they were attacked by the colored people, the race line being distinctly drawn by that race. 1934 R. Benedict (1935) i. 11 The so-called race line..is held to divide the people of Baden from those of Alsace, though in bodily form they alike belong to the Alpine sub-race. 2007 (Nexis) 21 Jan. 1/4 The difference extends across race lines: black women are significantly less likely to marry than white women. 1866 J. A. Partridge iv. ii. 461 This question of race-mixture is now being tried out. 1905 O. Jespersen iii. 47 There we had a real race-mixture, where people speaking two different languages were living in actual contact in the same country. 1999 (Nexis) 31 Dec. j8 At the upper end, there is every possibility that we will see increasing race mixture, and at the bottom end continued segregation and tension. 1855 Oct. 268 Marcius Volscius Fictor..would indicate the individual name, the race name, and the family or professional name. 1950 E. Partridge 17 The other self-confident Asiatic race-names are fully qualified. 2000 (Nexis) 5 Mar. vii. 20/2 The race name lately assigned to them—Asian-American—is a shifting, unstable thing, as race names tend to be. 1859 R. B. Anderson tr. Rydberg xxv. 106 The songs learned by Saxo in regard to the northern race-patriarch [Sw. den nordiske slägtpatriarken]. 1986 52 108 Martin considers Douglass as abolitionist, race patriarch, and egalitarian humanist. 1888 29 Sept. 314/3 The Kalevala..a race-poem whose enduring charm is its artlessness and spontaneity. 1971 32 376 The group of ten race poems includes three of the ‘appeal’ genre in which the black poet addresses his white compatriots and invites an improvement in their attitudes toward the blacks. 2004 V. A. Elmwood in C. D. Wintz & P. Finkelman I. 251/2 Scholars..have tended to focus on Cullen's celebrated race poems. 1875 Tylor in II. 111/1 The coloured race-portraits of ancient Egypt. 1953 1 7 Nos. 20 and 45 may represent negroes, though neither is so skillful and unmistakable a race portrait as the fine Attic head in Berlin identified by Graindoir as Memnon. 2003 A. Dawahare i. ii. 43 In the selections by Hurston, Toomer, and Fisher we find race portraits that..define blacks as essentially different from white Americans. 1859 S. C. Mookerjee 139 The doings of the ‘Calcutta Malcontents’ in the way of enhancing the difficulties..by irritating race-prejudices..are notorious. 1913 J. London 25 Aug. (1966) 395 First of all..by stopping the stupid news~paper from fomenting race prejudice. 2004 C. G. Fleming ii. 61 The virulent race prejudice existing in Wilcox County had the power to circumscribe black lives from the cradle to the grave. 1860 J. Bolton in 303/2 There is race pride—pride in our ancestors. 1905 W. Baucke 276 On our side race prejudice, race pride, preaching honesty, yet unblushingly swindling him and each other. 2006 (Nexis) 5 Nov. e10 Teachers and parents and governments and religious communities plant the seeds of national pride or race pride. 1860 A. Gurowski i. 7 The origin of the denomination Chamites and Cushites has long been the subject of numerous ethnological researches, while comparative philology, which has proved itself so potent in the solution of innumerable race-problems has also been interrogated. 1890 A. W. Tourgée xi. 141 If every one could do as much, the race-problem would soon be solved. 2007 (Nexis) 14 Jan. a1 The race problems that came to light after Hurricane Katrina subsided with the waters. 1860 J. Bolton in 303/2 The Jews were race proud. 1937 E. Muir (1960) 72 Now I am shackled to a Grecian dolt, Pragmatic, race-proud as a pampered colt. 1996 G. Farred in P. Smith x. 156 Patterson was a black ‘American’ in the hegemonically acceptable sense of the term: He was no race-proud, ‘confident, cocky’ man. 1869 Oct. Index 624/1 Race quarrels, their folly. 1931 F. L. Allen iii. 68 If a white man stood up for a Negro in a race quarrel, he might be kidnapped and beaten up. 1998 (Nexis) 6 June 6 b Asked if he thought twice about getting into a race quarrel at a time when he is seeking a diplomatic post, Stith said..‘The short answer is, yes’. 1858 J. M. Ludlow II. iii. xvii. 231 (heading) The race question. 1920 L. Stoddard xi. 293 She [sc. Japan] should not allow her immigration to be treated as a race-question. 2006 (Nexis) 26 Apr. Chicago faced its race question and more people left the city unwilling to integrate. 1869 7 p. xxxviii As grammatical structure is the test of linguistic affinity, language cannot be a true test of race-relationship. 1908 R. S. Baker x. 217 I have found a sharper feeling and a bitterer discussion of race relationships among the Negroes of the North than among those of the South. 2005 (Nexis) 4 July The key success factors for domestic relationships are just as vital for harmonious race relationships. 1864 J. Hunt tr. C. Vogt vii. 194 More of the Simian type than any other known race-skull. 1904 6 187 We cannot now admit that there are any race skulls in the sense employed by Blumenbach. 1994 P. J. Keane i. 58 Blumenbach's array of ‘race-skulls’..was the largest craniological collection in the world at the time. 1886 E. B. Bax 36 It was impossible for the race solidarity, on which early society was based.., to pass at once into that human solidarity for which we are preparing to-day. 1942 Z. N. Hurston xii. 226 ‘Race Solidarity’ looked like something solid in my childhood, but like all other mirages, it faded as I came close enough to look. As soon as I could think, I saw that there is no such thing as Race Solidarity in America with any group. 2002 (Nexis) 14 Apr. 34 This cry of race solidarity fails to understand the weaknesses inherent in many black institutions, which makes them unattractive to black professionals. 1879 R. H. Elliot I. xxvii. 261 The Mussulman overseer, feeling a race-superiority over the Hindoo villagers, and seeing that his side was much superior in numbers, was eager to resist force by force. 1951 J. Masters v. 58 She was goading herself to wipe out a sense of race superiority she presumed him to have... She wanted..him to acknowledge beauty in an Indian woman. 2006 (Nexis) 9 Nov. a16 The proposal to ban gay marriage establishes two classes of citizen, one less complete than the other... The parallel to race superiority is obvious. 1883 17 342 Mr. Harrison looks for evidence of race survivals in a large collection of photographs collected by the anthropometric committee of the British Association. 1933 A. N. Whitehead vi. 97 We can observe insects performing elaborate routine actions..which yet are essential either for their own individual survival or for race-survival. 1996 K. K. Gaines iv. 122 Biological concerns for race survival, and the rhetoric of patriarchal power, were part of the rhetoric of racial conservation. 1906 11 Nov. 1/6 (heading) Religious and race tension, caused by defiance of Polish children, most menacing. 1954 P. Mason iii. 45 One would expect race tensions to be most acute..in the country where there is a temperate climate. 2006 (Nexis) 11 Dec. 1 Race tensions in parts of southern Sydney are close to boiling point. 1860 I. Taylor ii. 170 Mind exists, and developes itself with indifference within this or that race-type. 1927 H. Peake & H. J. Fleure 181 ‘Race-type’ in a general sense is a very difficult matter to define. 2006 (Nexis) 13 May 1 The skulls of massacred Herero..provided data for the taxonomies of race types later employed by the Nazis. 1880 1 May 11/4 No one can suppose that the Jews of Russia would have joined in a race war against established order. 1977 P. Johnson xix. 247 He realized he was taking part in a race-war, as well as a class-war. 1994 K. ya Salaam 212 They were concerned about the possibility of an all-out race war with both sides armed and prepared to kill and die. b. Objective. (a) 1862 L. A. Sawyer vii. 54 Race improvement may go forward without being pursued as an end. 1962 11 June a7/5 Eugenics is the process of race improvement by restricting mating to superior types. 2004 C. Rosen i. 51 The Catholic Church was a powerful force for race improvement. 1867 H. Spencer II. 462 A creature..expending more for self-maintenance can expend less for race-maintenance. 1903 18 454 All of these activities of body and mind..are enlisted in the food quest, in the phenomena of reproduction and race maintenance. 2003 M. Lal in M. P. Sutphen & B. Andrews ii. 32 Because Arya ideology stressed that the primary role of women was to reproduce the race, women's own health also became a central concern for those advocating ‘race maintenance’. (b) 1904 W. T. Mills xx. 259 The world-wide organization of industry is making the workers race conscious as well as class conscious. 1927 5 June 5/3 Frenchmen are not so race-conscious as either Englishmen or Americans. 1993 N. C. L. Madgett 74 The only things I like in your ‘democratic’, race-conscious south Are the magnolias that you have not touched. 1898 2 Oct. 28/4 Race hating prejudice. 1941 W. H. Auden iii. 68 Self-respect drives negroes from The one-crop and race-hating delta. 2001 (Nexis) 20 Oct. 32 He has no wish to go down in history as a Jew-baiting, race-hating firebrand. 1879 H. Spencer ii. §5. 15 Race-maintaining conduct, like self-maintaining conduct, arises gradually out of that which cannot be called conduct. 1993 L. J. Zanine i. 22 On the next level is conduct that is ‘race-maintaining’, that is, behavior motivated beyond just self-preservation toward the preservation of one's offspring. 1908 5 20 The distinction..between self-preserving and race-perpetuating activity. 1915 E. R. Lankester xxi. 194 Natural automatically-growing mechanisms of life-saving or race-perpetuating importance. 1969 24 Jan. 4/5 This race-perpetuating chore they are happy enough to leave to womankind. c. Similative. 1860 E. House 253 A man who..enunciated predictions which invest his biography with a race-wide and imperishable interest. 2003 (Nexis) 21 Oct. 15 His remark was directed race-wide and was racist. d. Instrumental. 1868 July 756/2 The ‘Slavacs’ are the Fenians of Austria. They have..all the race-begotten jealousy of our own rebels. 1878 B. Taylor ii. ii. 62 The race-begotten child Is its own father's lord. C2. the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [adjective] 1900 21st Ann. Rep. in ii. 36 Liberalism insists ‘that the Empire must be governed by policy rather than by force; that in dealing with British citizens a Government must be race-blind’. 1997 (Nexis) 24 Jan. (Late ed.) b15 [The documentary] leaves the argument where it has been stalled for some time: on one side a call for selection of students and teachers by race-blind criteria of ability, and on the other a warning that if long-excluded minorities are not favored, competent candidates will suffer. 2021 @icagri 16 June in twitter.com (accessed 17 June 2021) Those same patterns of discrimination live on through supposedly race-blind policies, like single-family zoning that prevents the building of affordable housing in advantaged, majority-white neighborhoods. the mind > mental capacity > psychology > social psychology > psychology of races or peoples > [noun] > awareness of race 1872 Mar. 360/2 I should have the greatest difficulty to maintain my convictions on this point.., if the course of history had nowhere received a supernatural illumination, showing me..the building up of race-consciousness itself in the fellowship of his essential purity. 1905 11 Oct. 4 If the white race are permeated with race consciousness, there is no danger of amalgamation. 1926 G. Callaway 2 It is conceivable that the Native people of South Africa might have lived alongside of the Europeans without developing a strong race consciousness. 1993 D. A. Smith xvii. 225 Because they have a strong race consciousness and a diminished sense of individuality, they all felt like they all were dying. 1890 W. James in Aug. 2439/1 We here..catch the only glimpse it is allotted to us to attain of the working units themselves, of whose differentiating action the race-gaps form but the stagnant sum. 1978 5 254 Between 1960 and 1970 did the race gap in earnings increase, decrease or stay the same? 2000 S. Cohn i. 8 Race gaps are going up and down in a wild and somewhat random way, with no consistent trends towards improvement. the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [noun] 1896 11 Sept. 7/7 No colored man can vote for silver, for Altgeld and Tillman and call himself a true race man. 1936 R. L. Abbot in 13 June 16/5 One Race man, finding out this outrage, fired on the officers. 1942 Z. N. Hurston xii. 225 A ‘Race Man’ was somebody who always kept the glory and honor of his race before him... It was a mark of shame if somebody accused: ‘Why, you are not a Race Man (or woman).’ People made whole careers of being ‘Race’ men and women. They were champions of the race. 1974 Yi-Fu Tuan xiii. 209 The upper shadies can identify emotionally with the ghetto poor; they are recognized by the poor as Race Men, that is, supporters of black causes. 2002 20 Jan. 21/1 Loury's Uncle Alfred—a proud race man, a steelworker and the patriarch of the family—‘thought I was basically selling out to the white man,’ Loury recalls. the mind > mental capacity > memory > retrospection, reminiscence > [noun] > recollection by a group 1884 28 Mar. 375/2 The ‘race memory’ theory, kindly brought out by W. B. T., should perhaps have been mentioned... The inheritance of the actual cerebral impressions of a former generation rests upon no scientific basis. 1934 R. A. Knox xi. 138 A cave has, for all of us, an atmosphere of..terrifying mystery. The anthropologists would tell us..that it is due to race-memory. 1991 6 Feb. c3/5 One thing Jungian therapy teaches you is that there are archetypal images that keep recurring in races. Things like race memory and dreams. 2002 No. 157. 77/2 The text is low on hard fact, but high on feely-touchy race memories of days gone by. 1988 33 294 Race norming and other forms of preferential treatment for blacks and other minorities that are designed to prevent adverse impact are destructive in the long run. 2004 (Nexis) 15 Dec. 1447 Race-norming sets the thresholds of acceptance for each group differently..so that the same proportion of each group will score success. society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > race relations 1878 23 Nov. 3/4 Equally disastrous had his policy proved as regards race relations in the south. 1911 26 193 (title) Race relations in the Eastern Piedmont region of Georgia. 1925 July 12/2 On two occasions great intercollegiate conventions of students have dealt with race-relations,..and war itself. 1965 c. 73 (heading) Race Relations Act 1965... An Act to prohibit discrimination on racial grounds in places of public resort; to prevent the enforcement or imposition on racial grounds of restrictions on the transfer of tenancies; to penalize incitement to racial hatred. 2007 (Nexis) 13 Feb. Two City Council members have called for a dialogue on issues facing neighborhoods, including race relations. society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > a disturbance or riot > types of 1880 10 Sept. Saturday night a race riot broke out in the lower part of Newcastle..between gangs of Irishmen, Poles, and Slavacks. 1921 2 Dec. 779/2 With regard to the actual question as to which side initiated the race riot, the Commission speaks with definiteness and precision. 2003 A. Nayak iii. 40 There is documentation of anti-Irish race riots in 1851, arising from the migratory movements of rural folk from Ireland to the North East during the potato famine. 1893 17 Aug. 1/5 The religious race rioting was resumed in this city [sc. Bombay] yesterday. 1922 J. Thurber 19 Mar. (2002) 83 For three days I kept the wires hot with stories on the race-rioting there which bust forth after a rape and a shot last Friday night. 2002 J. H. Kilde ii. 39 Thus began four days of intense race rioting in the city, which left many African Americans dead. 1891 4 Oct. 1/5 (heading) Race row on a train. A young lady shot during a fight between blacks and whites. 1925 F. C. Howe xxiv. 244 ‘Have you the effrontery to assume that..a negro might hope to be elected the President of these United States?’ There was a long pause.., and everybody got ready for a good race row. 1956 14 Aug. 5 e/3 (headline) Race row flares near convention. 2006 (Nexis) 23 Oct. Judge sparked a race row by announcing that all Chinese people ‘look the same’. the world > people > science of mankind > [noun] > anthropology the world > people > ethnicities > race > ethnoscience > [noun] society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > race theory 1873 C. Knight Suppl. 911/1 Those persons who believe that all mankind have descended from a single primitive pair, and therefore consist of but one race, must regard ethnology—that is, race-science—and anthropology as synonymous. 1935 182 161/2 Efforts have..been made to reduce and simplify the school curriculum [in Nazi Germany]..and to place the emphasis on those subjects which are more emotional than intellectual in their influence..[such as] the mother tongue, history, biology and race science, and physical training. 2018 (Nexis) 2 Mar. Although race science has been repeatedly debunked by scholarly research, in recent years it has made a comeback. Many of the keenest promoters of race science today are stars of the ‘alt-right’, who like to use pseudoscience to lend intellectual justification to ethno-nationalist politics. 1898 W. J. McGee in ii. 154* The Seri are distinguished by another trait..akin to—or, more properly, an exceeding intensification of—race-pride in all its protean manifestations; it may be called race-sense. 1908 1 262 The strong race-sense, the passionate national consciousness..was the deep underlying motive and true explanation of the transformation. 1939 tr. A. Hitler II. ii. 636 Branding..the race sense and race feeling into the hearts and brains of the youth with whom it is entrusted. 1901 E. A. Ross in July 88 The American farm hand, mechanic and operative might wither away before the heavy influx of a prolific race from the Orient... For a case like this I can find no words so apt as ‘race suicide’. 1920 A. G. Bell in 11 340 At the present time considerable alarm has been expressed at the apparently growing disinclination of American women to bear children, and a cry has been raised against what people call Race Suicide. 1936 M. Plowman 14 If war has become race suicide by a perfectly natural process of evolution, why should we continue to call it ‘war’? 2002 C. Mason i. 36 At the beginning of the twentieth century, many people—not just Klansmen—feared that the declining birth rate of whites would result in race suicide. society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > race theory > advocate of 1906 16 268 I greatly doubt that these sciences as yet furnish us with the exact results which representative race-theorists sometimes insist upon. 1921 25 Aug. 543/1 In defiance of the German race-theorists, and similar superficial or prejudiced observers, Dr. Curtius insists that French culture..cannot be dismissed with the formulae ‘esprit’ and ‘décadence’. 2003 E. D. Weitz i. 49 Race theorists argued by analogy, substituting races for species. society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > race theory 1855 R. T. Massy 147 The same general laws which are adapted to the one country, are adapted also to the other, irrespective altogether of this race theory. 1895 W. D. Babington (title) Fallacies of race theories. 1945 A. Koestler ii. ii. 192 Within a century or two..race-theory and Jew-baiting would have shrunk to episodes of the past. 2004 T. Fulford et al. vi. 127 Race theory, which often placed black people at the bottom of a rigid hierarchy, also depended on an international trade in the body parts of recently discovered ‘natives’. 1937 J. Barzun x. 263 Then came the ‘biological revolution’ and race-thinkers pinned their hopes on anatomy. 1977 38 537 When the Nordicists claimed that their racism was concerned with the character of Nordic man rather than fear or hatred of other racial groups, they echoed the sentiments of numerous nineteenth-century race thinkers. 2001 (Nexis) 28 June 19 The dominant view among activists and many race thinkers has been that when it comes to British politics the term ‘black’ covers all those who are not white. 1911 30 Aug. 7/1 The subject of race thinking consumed nearly the entire time taken up by the address, but the time was well spent by the able talker. 1965 11 Nov. 740/2 This kind of thinking involves what are, in fact, vague figures. It has been described as ‘race thinking’. People who think this way..are becoming racists. 2004 P. Gilroy iii. 122 Wherever nationalism is politically engaged, all the violent perversity of race thinking will not be far away. 1915 L. D. Wald viii. 161 She was what is termed a ‘race woman’, and desired to work for her own people. 1918 22 June 1/5 (heading) Race women take machinists' jobs. 1946 52 26/2 The ‘race woman’ is of great benefit to the community. She champions the rights of Negroes. 2006 (Nexis) 5 Nov. 1 She is the daughter of a language arts teacher, a ‘race woman’ who once wrote a letter to a publisher..protesting ‘Tarzan’ as racist. 2007 C. Sherrard-Johnson 11 The enforced respectability and domesticity of the race woman. society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > folk music > [adjective] > race or soul 1923 24 Aug. 4/5 (advt) Step right up and meet your old friends harmonizing..in that new Okeh Race Record, ‘Monkey Man Blues’. 1926 H. Niles in W. C. Handy 31 Listen to the ‘race records’, for this craft is sui generis. 1927 Apr. 12 ‘Race blues’..are not always what they seem. 1935 Nov. 71/3 Negro bands play ‘race music’ (a curious euphemism spread by phonograph companies). 1938 30 Apr. 24/4 We were afraid to advertise Negro records. So I listed them in the catalogue as ‘race’ records and they are still known as that. 1946 R. Blesh (1949) vi. 145 It was considered authentic enough for the uncritical Victor Company to issue in its race catalogue. 1952 B. Ulanov iv. 32 Their masterpieces appeared on the so-called ‘race’ labels of the record companies. 1968 P. Oliver 5 In the ensuing months more stores carried Race records, specially pressed for the Negro market... Race records from jazz to vaudeville to rural blues reached the remotest districts. 1977 17 Aug. 14/4 Negro styles traditionally stigmatized as ‘race’ music. 2007 (Nexis) 20 Jan. 10 The earliest ‘race’ recordings, produced for a black audience in the 1920s..give the best idea of what this music was like to listen to in the juke joints of the south. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). racen.7Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: race v.1 Etymology: < race v.1 Compare pluck n.1 3. In later use English regional. Now rare. the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [noun] > heart, liver, or lungs the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > calf > [noun] > parts of 1661 R. Lovell 25 The destilled water of the race [of a calf]..helpeth cold. c1818 2 The head and inwards are called the pluck; in some places they are called the calf's race. 1825 J. Britton III. Gloss. 377 Race, (Calves'), the heart, liver, and lungs of a calf: the same parts of a sheep or pig are termed the hinge. 1896 G. F. Northall 186 Race, the heart, liver and lights of the pig, lamb, sheep, or calf. ?c1982 S. Hamer 11 Race, liver, lights and heart of a sheep. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). racen.8Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Compare rance n.4 Geology. the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [noun] > concretionary or nodular 1728 J. Woodward 16 There's one sort of this found commonly among the clay us'd for making Tyles and Bricks; which the Workmen call Race or Rance. 1798 J. Middleton 311 The calcarious matter is chalk..in very small pieces..which the brickmakers about town call race. 1824 238* By contact with these bones the clay is converted into nodules of a blueish white substance, called by the workmen race. 1885 39 213 What were at first supposed to be pebbles..prove on examination to be calcareous concretions (‘race’ or ‘kunkur’). 1977 R. Cave 85 Pale clay containing small calcareous lumps (race) was augered on the outlying Lias outcrop in Whitcliff Park. 1992 (Royal Soc.) B. 338 135/1 Where these fine-grained sediments reach or approach the ground surface, they are commonly oxidized and wholly or partly decalcified. Secondary calcareous concretions (race) may be present. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). raceadj.1Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish raso. Etymology: < Spanish raso (of a ship) not having castles, flush-decked (mid 16th cent. or earlier), specific use of raso shaven, cut short (13th cent.) < classical Latin rāsus (see rase n.). Compare Portuguese raso (noun) ship without castles (1498 or earlier), (adjective) (of a ship) not having masts (1551 or earlier), flush-decked, not having castles (a1570 or earlier). Compare later razee n.Sir John Hawkins (c1532–95) was responsible for the English fleet's adoption of race-built galleons against the Spanish Armada in 1588, having previously spent time in Spain as a spy. His son Sir Richard Hawkins (c1560–1622) provides the only contemporary evidence for this usage (see quots. 16221 for race-built adj. and 16222 for race-built adj.). now historical. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [adjective] > having deck(s) > having specific type of decks or superstructure 1622 R. Hawkins lix. 138 Whether the race or loftie built shippe, bee best for the Merchant. 1622 R. Hawkins lxi. 153 This race building, first came in, by overmuch homing in, of our shippes. 1855 C. Kingsley II. xii. 322 The Spanish fashion..was..to build their men-of-war flush-decked, or, as it was called, race.] 1898 J. S. Corbett I. xii. 375 These ‘race-built’ ships Monson calls ‘flushdecked’; so that we may conclude that what was done was to cover in the waist with a deck running flush fore and aft, and thus was produced a vessel of essentially modern type. 1931 E. D. Salmon iii. 134 The English great-ship was ‘race-built’, that is, she had flush decks and was less cumbersome and more easily handled in the wind. 1991 F. J. Baumgartner xv. 210 The English shipwrights began to raze the castles, producing race-built ships with more speed and maneuverability. 2006 (Nexis) 22 June 13 Sir John had revolutionised the design of English ships, replacing the traditional high-forecastled style of galleon with low, fast, heavily-armed 'race-built' ships. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). raceadj.2Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Perhaps a borrowing from French. Etymons: rase n.; French ras. Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < rase n., or perhaps < French ras (of a levelled measure) completely full (see rase n.); compare French regional (Brittany) raze, (Switzerland) rase. English regional ( Kent). c1736 S. Pegge (1876) Race measure, full measure is 21 to the score, as of corn, coals, &c.; and race measure is but 20... When the bushel is upheap'd 'tis full; when struck with strickle and even'd, 'tis race measure... Afterwards, they measured all by race, and allowed one at the score, as an equivalent recompense for so many full bushels. 1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw 165 The measure thus evened by the strickle is called race measure, i.e. razed measure. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † racev.1Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: arace v.; French racer. Etymology: Either aphetic < arace v., or < Anglo-Norman racer (13th cent. or earlier; aphetic < aracer arace v.). Compare rache v. and rase v.2This word is often difficult to distinguish from race v.2 Obsolete. the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (intransitive)] c1390 in F. J. Furnivall (1901) ii. 501 So radli he gon hit Rogge Þat al þe Rolle gon race. the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (intransitive)] the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > away > away, out, or off violently a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1015 Ther Ioue soone oute of youre herte hym [sc. Jealousy] race [v.r. arace]. a1425 N. Homily Legendary (Harl. suppl.) in C. Horstmann (1881) 2nd Ser. 47 (MED) Hir pappes war raced hir fro. a1449 J. Lydgate (1934) ii. 770 (MED) Lat euery man doon his besy cure To race out pride and sette in first meeknesse. 1488 (c1478) Hary (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 670 Sone to ground the baner doun he race [pa. tense]. a1500 (?a1425) tr. (Lamb.) 91 He þat racys it vp by þe rote and etys þe flour. 1545 R. Ascham i. f. 41 As wild horses at a brunte doth race & pluck in peces many a stronge carte. 1586 W. Warner xii. lxxv. 306 May therefore Princes ioyne to race that Monster from his Seate. 1596 E. Spenser v. v. sig. Qv Thinking at once both head and helmet to haue raced . View more context for this quotation This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). racev.2Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: raze v. Etymology: Variant of raze v. Compare raise v.2, and later rash v.3In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). Often difficult to distinguish from race v.1 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > penetrate the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > become or make perforated [verb (intransitive)] > make (a) hole(s) > with something sharp > as a sharp instrument a1420 J. Lydgate tr. iii. xxii The head of stele..Through plate and mayle mightly gan to glace But to the skinne for nothing might it race. 1447 O. Bokenham (Arun.) (1938) 1048 (MED) So depe they dede in race Tyl at the laste a chest they founde. a1450 (?1420) J. Lydgate (Tanner) (1891) 756 (MED) A world of beaute compassid in hir face, Whose persant loke doþ þuruȝ myn hert race. c1475 (Rawl. F.32) (1911) 22 (MED) Thinke now, erthe, how thou in erthe Goist euer in dethis grace, And thanne thou, erthe, for the erthe Shalt neuer stryue ne race. †2. the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > alter by erasure c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) v. 3538 (MED) To hym I make a direccioun..To race & skrape þoruȝ-oute al my boke, Voide & adde wher hem semeth nede. (Harl. 221) 421 Racyn bokys, or oþer lyke, rado, abrado. 1530 J. Palsgrave 678/1 This indenture is raced, all the worlde may se it. 1577 W. Harrison (1877) I. ii. viii. 176 The instrument is still wholie or in part raced or reformed. 1614 in S. Tymms (1850) 165 The last will and testament of..William Cooke, beinge in noe part therof raced or interlyned. b. To scrape out, erase (a word, etc.); to remove by scraping. In some quots. difficult to distinguish from race v.1the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > by scraping a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) vii. 782 (MED) Yif that I myhte, I wolde racen his name Out of this book. 1447 O. Bokenham (Arun.) (1938) 3331 (MED) They ordeynyd hys name..From noumbyr of popys racyd to be. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) 10858 (MED) Wordys off mokarye..sholde ha be..Yracyd clene out off the book. a1542 T. Wyatt (1969) ccxxxviii. 14 The wound, alas, happ in some other place Ffrom whence no toole away the skarr can race. 1596 E. Spenser v. ix. sig. T8 Bon that once had written bin, Was raced out, and Mal was now put in. View more context for this quotation 1617 F. Moryson i. ii. ii. 133 This monument of stone is compassed with wals, and it hath an inscription in great letters, but raced out. 1631 T. Heywood 303 Race that syllables out of thy name. 1676 I. Newton Let. 5 Sept. in (1960) II. 95 In your paper about Mr Gregory I have presumed to race out two things as you will perceive. 1704 in (1894) V. 220 The three words..Raced out in the thirty fift line. 1729 G. Adams tr. C. Fleury III. xxi. 80 He likewise consenteth..that the Name of Boniface should be raced out of the Book, which they used to read in the Church. the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] c1450 J. Capgrave (Arun. 396) (1893) ii. 54 (MED) Hir name..is soo ful of grace þat synful lyef it can distroye and race. 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin 215/2 The remembraunce..shoulde bee vtterly raced out of the worlde. 1594 W. Shakespeare i. i. 448 To massacre them all, And race their faction and their familie. View more context for this quotation 1630 H. Lord 89 The Lord utterly raced out all of the Tribe or Cast of the Cutteryes. 1700 T. Tryon 157 Man would quickly have destroyed the whole Creation and have raced himself off the Earth. 1705 G. Stanhope II. 596 It had made little Impression upon their Minds, or if it had, Grief and Disorder had quite raced them out. 3. the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)] ?a1425 (?c1350) (Rawl.) 2655 (MED) For care scho couth noght wele him ken, So was he rugged, raced, and ryuen. c1450 J. Capgrave (Arun. 396) (1893) iv. 907 Lete hem take vengeavnce now vp-on me,..lete hem my body race. a1500 ( (Egerton) (1953) iii. iv. f. 50v (MED) The compace of this wheel was fiched ful of hokes of iren to rende & to race two caitifes. 1545 R. Ascham ii. f. 2v Buckles and agglettes at vnwares, shall race hys bowe. 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Comm. Notable Thinges in tr. J. G. de Mendoza 327 Al the men and women haue their faces raced, and their legs and armes. 1607 G. Markham vii. 54 The cure is, with a sharp knife to race him alongst his gummes. 1676 J. M. 19 Take a pin or needle, and write what Verse..you please thereon;..the Wax being thus race't.., take a Pencil of hair, and dip it in Aqua fortis..; then with it wipe over the blade of the Knife. 1678 J. Moxon I. ii. 23 Drawing or raceing with a point of hardned Steel a bright line by the side of the Ruler. 1735 ii. iii. 111 Your best Way is to try them, by racing with a Penknife's Point in any convenient place. 1794 D. Steel I. 20 Every butt must be..raced across from side to side. 1819 A. Rees XXIX. (at cited word) Racer, in Gardening, a name applied to a sort of sward-cutter..used in racing out or cutting through the surface of grass sward. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher 557 To Race, applies to marking timber with the race-tool. 1884 R. Lawson 28 Race, pron. of rase, to scratch or abrade. a1904 E. H. Goddard in (1904) V. 4/1 [N. Wiltshire] Race [to mark with a ‘race’ or gouge.] 1944 H. F. Garyantes xvi. 252 A shifting line is scribed, or raced, into the wood with a racing knife. This line serves as a telltale when the blocks are shifted out of position. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > slash or pounce a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) ix. 848 (MED) Ther shon wer racid fresshli to the ton. 1583 P. Stubbes sig. Eiv [Shoes] raced, carued, cut and stitched all ouer with silk. 1613 G. Wither ii. i. sig. M5 Apparell..shall be gathered, stitcht; or lac't, Else plated, printed, iag'd, or cut and rac't. 1650 R. Withers tr. O. Bon x. 136 His shoes..are raced [1625 rased], and painted like childrens shoes. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer xi. 287 As when two chaced Bores Turne head gainst kennels of bold hounds, and race way through their gores. the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break down, demolish, or ruin ?1567 M. Parker lxxix. 229 Thy holy house: they haue defylde, Hierusalem is raced. 1594 H. Plat Diuerse Sorts of Soyle 16 in Hee had sentence giuen him to haue his house raced. a1618 W. Raleigh (1637) 50 Such Castles and strengths as hee was jealous of were raced. 1635 J. Jones iv. i. 51 The Duke..has..Raced their ancient House, and vowes the death Of her. 1701 M. Pix iii. 38 Tygranes..Threatens to race the City to the Ground. 1711 J. Swift ii. 29 Lysander..takes the city, races their Walls, ruins their Works, and changes the Form of their Government. 1775 F. Grose III. 59 His father caused Henry Cobham..to race the castle that Robert de Crevequer had erected. 1823 40 150 The small quantity of dust, which..will float about the rooms, and especially during the operation of racing the stone (or turning it true to shape, on its surface). 1869 Sept. 374 The master provides the stone, but the grinder hangs and races it. 1908 26 Oct. 10/2 The draft regulations are intended to secure more efficient means for the suppression of dangerous dust in dry grinding of metals and racing of grindstones. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). racev.3Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: race n.1 Etymology: < race n.1 Compare earlier rese v.2 N.E.D. (1903) also records a sense ‘to suspend (a wheel, grindstone, etc.) in the proper position for running’, based on a differing interpretation of quot. 1869 at race v.2 5. 1. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > engage in horse racing [verb (intransitive)] 1671 J. Evelyn 21 Oct. (1879) II. 271 I lodged this night at New-market, where I found ye jolly blades raceing, dauncing, feasting, and revelling. 1792 17 Aug. 3/4 He gamed, raced, drank, and intrigued with the first rate high-flyers of fashion. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton II. xxi. 200 ‘And young A——?’.. ‘Has an expensive mistress, and races.’ 1867 9 Nov. 12/3 The result of the race was one of the most curious instances of mistakes made by men who are supposed to be good judges, and have been racing all their lives. 1870 H. Smart iii. 49 I've been racing now getting on fifty years. 1924 19 Sept. 5/2 He has been racing practically without a break since the ‘Brocklesby’ of last year. 2006 (Nexis) 7 Oct. d9 Jockey Flip Nollar, who has been racing since the mid-1970s. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > race [verb (intransitive)] ?1739 G. Ogle 4 The Hunters, if not train'd to race, to ride! 1754 No. 41 (1755) 242 I raced with Dick and Tom all the way from Cambridge to Newmarket: Dick rode his roan gelding, and Tom his chesnut mare. 1797 M. Robinson I. 279 I saw them racing, and frolicking, and playing a thousand gambols. 1818 J. Keats i. 28 I, who,..would race With my own steed from Araby. 1830 Ld. Tennyson Supposed Confessions in 40 The lamb..raceth freely with his fere. 1855 R. Browning (1863) 3 A burning ring..the chariots traced As they raced. 1912 79 They raced with dragon boats, and cast offerings of rice into the river. 1949 P. Neagoë 79 I raced with one of the dogs, a good-natured, shaggy animal that..won the race. 1989 Nov. 252/2 Because you race head-to-head..you might not be as strong..as you are when you're racing solely against the clock. 2006 (Nexis) 16 July c1 They raced together more than 400 times. 2. To move rapidly. the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > move swiftly [verb (intransitive)] 1702 C. Mather ii. 66/2 In the vast Variety of Business, through which he Raced in his time, he met with many and mighty Injuries. 1712 N. Rowe tr. C. Quillet iv. 8 The Birds on Wings well-pois'd, with emulous Pride, Race thro' aerial Tracks, and cut the yielding Void. 1757 J. Dyer i. 38 Those snow-white lambs..Skip on the green, and race in little troops. 1821 J. Clare I. 133 Scampering beetles rac'd away. 1874 J. S. Blackie 46 There is a class of people who do not walk through life, but race. 1879 R. Browning Pheidippides in 30 Run, Pheidippides, run and race, reach Sparta for aid! 1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid iii, in tr. 158 [We] Spread to the gale our canvas, and race on the waves once more. 1915 W. S. Maugham ii. 3 He put his ear to the floor and listened to the herd of buffaloes that raced across the prairie. 1969 W. Gass i. 87 The boy Toll raced in front of Mr. Wallace like a bolting cat. 1989 I. D. Yalom i. 25 I was about to ask about Harry being good at giving things up, but Thelma raced on. 2004 D. R. Wallace 255 Muntjac-sized monitor lizards raced about. 1808 W. Scott iii. Introd. 117 Like streamlet of the mountain north, Now in a torrent racing forth. 1853 T. De Quincey Autobiogr. Sketches in I. 28 April, that sometimes cares little for racing across both frontiers of May. 1883 ‘Ouida’ I. 31 The north wind is racing in from the Polish steppes. 1934 ‘J. Field’ iv. 62 I could not sleep for the crowd of day impressions which raced through my head. 1985 G. Greene ii. vi. 61 Four years ago he had shut the house up, and while for him time had almost stood still, here time had raced ahead. 1996 (Nexis) 4 Sept. 35 The pound raced ahead against the US dollar. 2006 (Nexis) 5 Mar. (Opinion section) 70 The decision raced through Cabinet. the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > [verb (intransitive)] > types of pulsation the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > heartbeat > [verb (intransitive)] > types of 1853 16 Feb. She..throws off her shawl, (Venus! what a figure!) pulls off her gloves and takes your hand in those little fingers. Holy Mother! How your pulse races! 1911 2 Oct. 14/3 It seemed as though her heart was racing like mad. 1955 D. Eden xvi. 156 There was a taut look of excitement that she had never seen before in his face. Her own pulses began to race. 1988 M. Forster iv. 64 Delight as well as dread made her heart race. 2002 2 Jan. 159/3 It's the high-speed action which sets the pulse racing. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > render mechanical [verb (intransitive)] > of machine: operate > at excessive or uncontrolled speed 1856 E. N. Dickerson 18 When the engine ‘raced’—that is, ran too fast, as it always does in a following sea—the pump has to act with great speed. 1862 II. xii. 2/1 The ‘governor’ prevents the engines from racing in heavy weather. 1893 S. R. Bottone ii. 29 The dynamo..if shunt-wound..will race and go much faster than usual. 1907 C. W. Brown i. 3 Neglect of this matter will cause the engine to develop a knocking sound, especially..when ‘racing’ with the governor out of action. 1980 (U.K. ed.) Jan. 118/3 If the load on the turbine was suddenly removed, then unless the turbine was shut down promptly it would pick up speed and race, conceivably until it flew to pieces. 2006 (Nexis) 21 Dec. a12 The snowblower's engine raced loudly, jerking Murphy back from his reverie. 3. the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > cause to move swiftly [verb (transitive)] 1734 iv. 30 Set his Saddle upon his Back, and ride him abroad, galloping and raceing him moderately. 1862 H. Kingsley III. ii. 24 That quiet-looking commander of hers was going to race her out under steam the whole way. 1896 9 June 7/4 No attempt would be made by the Government to race the Bill through. 1906 E. Dyson ii. 17 She raced her work. 1945 (Min. of Food) vii. 22 Take care not to race the boiling or the eggs may crack. 1996 F. McCourt (1997) i. 25 We race the pram around the playground. 2000 10 Nov. ii. 36/2 The point [of hare-coursing], says Johnny, is not to kill the hare, but to race the dogs. 1896 R. Kipling 4 The clippers..that race the Southern Wool. 1993 A. May i.13 A copyboy appeared to race the page to the next room. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > render mechanical [verb (transitive)] > operate machine > at high speed 1907 31 May 8/1 The practice of chauffeurs ‘racing the engine’, when the car is left standing any considerable time. 1946 B. MacDonald i. iii. 50 Bob raced the motor and tried to pull it [sc. the truck] out of a hole. 1954 M. Stewart xi. 88 Impatient French drivers hooted and raced their engines and stamped on their klaxons. 1990 P. Chester (BNC) 81 A car door slammed, followed by a motor being raced into life. 2004 H. H. Rennert 6 The newly fired manager who gets into his Porsche every morning to race the engine but never to leave the garage. 4. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > race (a race) [verb (transitive)] > cause to race 1806 23 July 58/1 Died..of a hurt received while racing his horse, Mr. John Wright. 1860 A. Robins (ed. 3) xv. 323 Whilst he will race horses, it is as well that he should..separate himself from holy things. 1925 36 86 I have had my own boat and raced and sailed her in the waters off this coast. 1984 22 July (Grand Prix Extra) 9/2 He raced karts and cars even better than he hit tennis balls. 1998 S. A. Riess i. 6 Jews inside the ghetto walls raced pigeons, ice-skated, and enjoyed other sports. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > race (a race) [verb (transitive)] > race (a person) 1809 W. Irving I. iii. iv. 157 Fought cocks, and raced their neighbours' horses. 1833 R. H. Froude Let. in (1838) I. 291 She had two servants a-head, who..raced him, and..contrived to keep a head. 1886 C. Scott 203 If he [sc. a dog] lacks speed in racing a sheep [etc.]. 1908 E. M. Forster xii. 200 ‘Race you round it, then,’ cried Freddy, and they raced in the sunshine. 1930 Mar. 156/1 Yellow snow-lilies are racing the retreating snow up the hillsides. 1963 17 July 1/4 He said he got the impression that America was ‘racing herself’ in this quest [to the Moon]. 2000 S. Heighton ii. iv. 176 Racing the clock to an important deadline and winning by seconds. 2006 (Nexis) 22 Aug. 1 I've raced Colin a few times and found that over shorter distances I can usually get the better of him. 1833 W. H. Maxwell 501/2 There are two modes of trial for speed.., the one is to run a mile, which is termed running for speed; the other, of going off at score, and absolutely racing the whole four miles, which is called running for speed and bottom. 1862 ‘Vanderdecken’ viii. 113 If you can procure..one of the hands of a local yacht, and who has raced the course before, so much the better. 1882 J. H. Brown 16 Neck to neck, The lustful darlings [sc. greyhounds] race the ridgy earth. 1950 6 Oct. (B ed.) 7/4 Juveniles who have been racing the highways in stepped-up strip-downs. 1991 Mar. 14/1 The Great Ski Race offers over 600 competitors the chance to race a scenic..course between Tahoe City and Truckee. 2007 (Nexis) 30 Apr. Sheriffe completed his hat trick when he raced the length of the field for his team's sixth try. Phrasal verbs With adverbs in specialized senses. † to race away Obsolete. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)] > lose 1741 4 May 17/1 I had run and Raced away not only my ready Money, but my Stock in Trade. 1856 5 818/1 He raced all his money away. 1887 J. Ruskin in 8 June 1 It is of infinite importance..that the ancient Lords of England should..not gamble and race their estates away. to race off 1897 31 Aug. 7/2 A match open to the fourteen feet boats..will be raced off. 1915 23 May 4/4 The little pacing mare..will be relied on to get the money in the $20,000 stake for 2:06 pacers which will be raced off at the big meeting in June. 1952 7 Aug. 3/3 It rained all week at Syracuse and the stake finally was raced off at Lexington. 2006 (Nexis) 27 May (Sports) 25 Three six-boat semifinals will be raced off today. society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > seduce 1965 W. Dick xii. 185 Three of Knuckles's boys had raced Sharon off to the park to see if they could do any good for themselves. 1969 W. Moxham vii. 87 ‘That's one bird you won't race off,’ Rufe said. ‘I know her and the bloke she's with.’ 1977 H. Garner 137 What do you reckon my chances are of—you know—racing him off? 2006 (Nexis) 11 May 31 His wife did not cross his mind as he raced off other women. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † racev.4Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French racer. Etymology: < French racer (1709 in J. C. Hervieux de Chanteloup: see quot. 1728) < race race n.6 Obsolete. rare. 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) Hervieux observes that..the Male usually Races more than the Female, i.e. the young ones take more after the Male. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2021). <  n.1c1330 n.2c1450 n.3c1500n.4?1523 n.51533n.6a1547n.71661n.81728adj.11622adj.2c1736v.1c1390v.2a1420v.31671v.41728 |
