| 释义 |
quernn.1 Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian quern mill (East Frisian (Saterland) tserne , North Frisian querne ), Middle Dutch querne , queerne , queern handmill (Dutch kweern ), Old Saxon quern , querna mill (Middle Low German querne , quērne , quern handmill), Old High German quirna , quirn , kurn millstone, mill (Middle High German kürne , kürn , kurn ), Old Icelandic kvern handmill (Icelandic kvörn ), Old Swedish qvärn , qvarn mill (Swedish kvarn ), Danish kværn mill (1603 as quernn , or earlier), Gothic -qairnus mill (in asiluqairnus donkey mill), ultimately < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin gravis (see grave adj.1), ancient Greek βαρύς (see baro- comb. form), and perhaps Gothic kaurus, all in sense ‘heavy’; compare < variants (ablaut variants and extended forms) of the same Indo-European base Sanskrit grāvan pressing stone, Early Irish brao, bró (genitive broon; Irish bró), Welsh breuan (13th cent.), Old Church Slavonic žrŭny, Russian žërnov, Polish żarna, Old Prussian girnoywis, plural, Lithuanian girnos, all in sense ‘millstone’. Compare post-classical Latin querna (1358 in a British source).In Old English originally a strong feminine of the u -stem declension, it is largely assimilated to the more common ō -stems; a rare weak feminine by-form (cweorne , cwearne ) is also attested. The 19th-cent. regional forms quions , quons apparently show singular agreement, and probably arose from the plural use in a pair of querns ; compare Older Scots ane peppircornis (compare pepper-quern n.). the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > [noun] > corn-mill > hand-mill OE (Northumbrian) xxiv. 41 Duę molentes in mola : tuoege uel tuu wif gegrundon on coernæ [OE Rushw. ad molam : æt cweorne]. OE (Claud.) xi. 5 Þære wylne..sunu þe sit æt ðære cweornan [L. ancillae quae est ad molam]. c1300 Pilate (Harl.) 5 in F. J. Furnivall (1862) 111 (MED) Bi a melewardes douȝter he lai..And biȝat on hire vnder þe querne þe liþere bern. 1340 (1866) 181 (MED) Samson..uil into þe honden of his yuo, þet him deden grinde ate querne. ?a1400 (Rawl.) (1961) 157 (MED) In here ne no man of craft shal any more be-founden; in here ne no vois of querne shal be herd in here more. c1475 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Yale Beinecke 365) in L. T. Smith (1886) 95 (MED) Yt semyth a trendyll þat ran so ȝarne, Ryght as a stone of a qwerne. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil i. iv. 39 For skant of victuall the cornes in quernis of stane Thai grand. 1561 in P. C. D. Brears (1972) 12 The kytching—Item one pair of whearnes £0. 4s. 0d. Item 1 lead 1 masket 1 wort trough 1 gylefat. 1612 S. Sturtevant viii. 63 A Windmill is an intermixt Inuention, because some of the partes, as namely the Milne-stones, the rong-wheeles and the Cogg-wheeles were first extant in a water-milne or horse-milne and quernes. 1647 W. Lilly l. 354 Some necessary thing..to use in his house, as a Furnace or Quern, or such like. 1699 J. Evelyn 104 The Seeds are pounded in a Mortar; or..ground in a Quern contriv'd for this purpose. 1716 xi. 380 Mills have been invented, some to be used by hands, as Querns, others to be moved by Horses. 1771 T. Pennant (1794) 232 Saw here a Quern, a sort of portable mill made of two stones. 1815 121 (note) A kiln for drying corn, when querns or hand-mills for grinding it were commonly used. 1841 S. C. Hale III. 296 Two women generally worked the Quern, one sitting facing the other, the quern between them. 1884 J. Colborne 60 The circular querns of Lower Egypt, which are turned by means of a wooden handle. 1900 C. Murray 10 He'd querns for grindin' either meal or snuff. 1972 G. M. Brown i. 30 The ox, the plough, the seedjar, the harrow, the sickle, the flail, the quern, the oven, made a great circle of fruition. 1991 23 Feb. 42/1 Romans used..hand mills, sometimes called querns, which typically measured between 33 and 36 centimetres across. Compounds 1898 Apr. 440 In the North, where he often heard the rhythmical quern-chant. 1525 in (1891) 123 ij leads that standes in wherne-house. 1710 R. Newcourt II. 309 A Stable, a Quern-House, two Small Cotes to fat Fowl in. 1904 W. B. Yeats (1914) 158 Brother Bald Fox, whose business it was to turn the great quern in the quern-house..was getting old. 1963 M. Barley in I. L. Foster & L. Alcock 498 The quern-house..usually had a quern, or a pair of querns (singular and plural were used indifferently) for grinding malt, but other things such as cheese-press or barrels are often found there. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > [noun] > corn-mill > hand-mill the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > [noun] > corn-mill > other types of mill 1590 in F. G. Emmison (1989) (modernized text) V. 159 To him a table with a pair of dormans..and a quern mill. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy xxxiii. xlv. 706 Troughs and querne mils. 1697–9 in A. M. Munro (1899) I. 223 Ane quearn mill. 1814 J. Train 144 With platter, glaiks and quern mill. 1892 24 Oct. 3/3 The upper stone of a quern mill, of unusual weight, and broken through the middle into two portions. 1965 7 Oct. 29/2 The old Mill House.., built in 1680 and originally a quern Mill. 2006 Winter 87/1 A large version of the quern mill traveled with armies on military excursions to grind flour for the troops' bread. 1381 in A. H. Thomas (1932) III. 290 (MED) [William Alayn] quernpeckere. 1441 in S. Tymms (1850) 256 (MED) [William Toly], quernepykker. 1975 30 Aug. (Features) 13/4 Some of the obsolete trades bear names that sound positively ludicrous, the quernpecker, for instance..busied himself at chipping..indentations into the faces of hard millstones. 1816 81 73 We will now subjoin the Grotta-Saungr or quern-song. 1936 L. M. Hollander 72 The valkyries are chanting their magic song to safeguard only their favorite..much as the giant maidens in the Quern Song ‘grind out’ the fate of their captor, King Fróthi. 2004 15 Dec. 29/2 The book comprises songs in significant cultural variety..milking songs, spinning songs, waulking songs, clapping songs and quern songs. c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in (1906) 17* Rouloun,..Qwernestaf. a1425 (Stonyhurst) f. 42 Moluerum [perh. read molucrum], a querne stafe. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 101 A Qwern [1483 BL Add. 89074 a Querne staffe], molucrum. 1988 E. Friberg tr. xix. 166/2 She herself was grinding grain, Swaying lightly on the quern staff. Derivatives 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas i. vi. 211 Two equall rankes of Orient Pearles..(Quern-like) grinding small Th' imperfect food. 1993 C. Spencer (1996) p. xii The huge quern-like cheek teeth of Australopithecus robustus were used for grinding roots, seeds and nuts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). quernn.2 Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: curn n. Etymology: Probably a variant of curn n. Now Scottish. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > [noun] > throw > (throw of) specific number c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 3003 Alexander..rydis To þe grete flode of Granton, & it on a glace fyndis; Or he was soȝt to þe side ȝit sondird þe qweryns [a1500 Trin. Dub. qwernes]. 1482 in T. Thomson (1839) 109/1 For the wrangwis spoliatioun & with-halding of..thre bolle of malt a qwern of rosate of vj stane certane petis [etc.]. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Nero) iv. l. 1922 Al þe metale moltynnyt þan, And in a qwerne togedyr ran [L. confluxissent in unum]. 1576 Edinb. Test. IV. f. 114v, in at Quern(e n.2 Tua quernis of rosat. the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > a grain or granule the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount 1503 in D. Littlejohn (1904) I. 74 That ilk place will gif the thrid querne of ats and the ferd querne of beir. 1868 J. Young 45 We've seen that Tammie, when a bairn, O' wut possess'd an extra quern. 1873 D. Gilmour 46 She placed the sugar mug in her lap; and..if any daring urchin tried to abstract a quern while her eyes were closed, a finger and thumb caught the intruder. 1952 in (1968) VII. 307/1 The small seed-grains of raspberries or brambles or the like are called querns. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1OE n.2c1450 |
