quenchn.
/kwɛn(t)ʃ/, U.S. /kwɛn(t)ʃ/ 1. The action or an act of quenching something (in various senses); the state or fact of being quenched.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > crushing, stifling, or overwhelming
quench?c1225
stanchingc1400
suppressingc1400
suppression1528
suffocation1567
crushing1580
suffocating1621
pulverization1643
overwhelming1645
depression1656
stifling1805
burking1827
spiflication1839
restinction1891
stamping1897
submergence1898
snuffing1922
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [noun] > fact of being extinguished
quench?c1225
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [noun] > becoming or making cold > of an object by liquid > state or fact of
quench?c1225
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [noun]
bleschingc1440
sleckingc1440
slockeningc1440
quenchoura1475
extinguishment1509
extinctiona1513
extincture1609
quench?1611
fire-extinguishing1840
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 153 Culche hit i schrift ut utterliche..oðer ha is ideamed þurch þe fule brune cwench to þe eche fur of helle.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes ii, in Wks. 184/1 [To] lye and smolder as coles doth in quenche.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. iv. sig. B v A while kepe we in quenche All this Case.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xix. 365 A harmfull fire let runne..none came To giue it quench.
1818 T. Brown in Welsh Life (1825) vi. 389 The quench Of hope..Made even the ghastly change..Seem ghastlier.
1893 E. F. Fenollosa East & West 202 The quench of the blood in your cries.
1953 Gaz. & Bull. (Williamsport, Pa.) 4 Nov. 17/1 More than ten thousand members visit these clubs for a friendly chat, for a quench of thirst or a game of fun.
1987 Toronto Star (Nexis) 27 June a6 After a bite and a quench of your thirst, it's time to set a spell in the theatre.
2. Chiefly Metallurgy. The action or an act of cooling a heated object rapidly in cold water or oil. Cf. Compounds 1, quench v. 5a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [noun] > becoming or making cold > of an object by liquid
quenchinga1300
quench1862
1862 Sci. Amer. 29 Mar. 199/2 The iron should be taken from the fire (by means of a piece of stout iron wire, with an eye at one end, and called the quench hook), and the bent handle cooled in a pail of water.
1921 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 99 50 A rapid stream of water..washed the specimen into a vessel of water placed at the end of the furnace. A very rapid quench was obtained by this means.
1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) xi. 318 In a plain carbon steel the quench can be that rapid only in extremely small-sized pieces.
2000 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 456 2326 The upper part..contains cracks produced by the thermal shock during the rapid quench.
3. Electronics. The process of stopping an oscillation, esp. in a superregenerative receiver; a signal used for this. Usually attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [noun] > stabilization of oscillation
quench1938
phase lock1953
phase-locking1955
1938 Proc. IRE 26 94 The use of a rectangular wave quench voltage would not be practicable in most applications of superregenerative receivers.
1948 Electronics Sept. 98/3 This action..is eliminated by restricting the frequency content of the quench.
1950 J. R. Whitehead Super-regenerative Receivers vii. 125 A super-regenerative receiver with grid quench and a.g.s. [= automatic gain stabilization] controlling the oscillator grid bias.
1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. ix. 56 A dc bias voltage applied to a quench electrode.
1996 Microelectronics Jrnl. 27 6/2 The quench oscillations build up and decay at a rate determined by the RC-time constant of the diode circuit.
Compounds
C1. (Metallurgy, in sense 2.)
quench ageing n. a process of improvement in the properties of steel, notably hardening, which occurs after the metal has been quenched from a high temperature.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > heating followed by quenching > changes occurring after
quench ageing1935
1935 Trans. Amer. Soc. Metals 23 1049 To one of the three most important examples of aging, found in practically all soft steels, the designation ‘Carbonizing’ has been given for purposes of this discussion. It has also been called ‘sub-critical quench-aging’.
1961 G. E. Dieter Mech. Metall. v. 137 Quench aging is a type of true precipitation hardening that occurs on quenching from the temperature of maximum solubility of carbon and nitrogen in ferrite.
1987 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 414 232 Supersaturated solid solutions of nitrogen in α-iron are known to be susceptible to quench ageing when held at room temperature.
quench cracking n. fracture of a metal caused by thermal stresses during rapid cooling.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections
honeycomb1530
roll mark1894
hair crack1896
season crack1909
season cracking1910
snowflake1919
hairline crack1923
shrinkage cavity1923
clink1925
shatter crack1930
stretcher strain1931
pimpling1940
stringer1942
quench cracking1949
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > heating followed by quenching > fracture caused by
quench cracking1949
1949 Progr. Metal Physics 1 237 When dealing with steels other than certain high carbon types which are extremely liable to quench cracking when martensitically hardened [etc.].
1973 J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. I. vi. 172 There is usually a limiting rate of cooling from the outside for any given steel, beyond which it is impractical to go because too-rapid contraction from the outside may cause quench-cracking.
2005 Materials Sci. & Engin. 402 45/1 Quench cracking is normally associated with the heat treatment of ferritic steels with carbon contents greater than about 0.3 wt%.
quench-harden v. transitive to subject to quench-hardening.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > harden, temper, or anneal > in specific way
case-harden1665
chill1831
box-annealc1887
pot anneal1928
work-harden1928
quench-harden1934
solution-treat1940
shot-peen1944
marquench1947
martemper1947
marage1962
cyanide1966
1934 H. O'Neill Hardness of Metals vi. 201 Mehl..has reported that quench-hardening a pearlitic steel does not alter its compressibility.
1969 D. K. Allen Metall. Theory & Pract. vii. 194/2 Most all carbon steels can be quench-hardened but the hardness does not become appreciable until the carbon content..reaches about 0·35 percent.
2006 Surface & Coatings Technol. 200 4278/1 All specimens were quench-hardened to Hv 710 and ultrasonically cleaned in acetone.
quench-hardened adj. hardened by quench-hardening.
ΚΠ
1924 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 110 431 The abnormally low value of the limit of proportionality..is found in both quench-hardened and work-hardened steels.
2000 Science 12 May 993/1 Réamur's 1722 sketch of the structure of quench-hardened steel.
quench hardening n. the process of hardening metal, esp. steel, by heating it above a critical temperature for some time, quenching it rapidly, and then allowing further slow cooling.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > heating followed by quenching
high-frequency treatment1902
solution treatment1931
quench hardening1934
solution heat treatment1935
induction hardening1941
solutionizing1977
1934 H. O'Neill Hardness of Metals vi. 202 Ordinary quench-hardening practice by continuous rapid cooling to room temperatures will produce martensite if the rate is sufficient to preserve austenite down to Ar″.
1961 G. E. Dieter Mech. Metall. v. 146 Quench hardening results in an increase in yield stress and a decrease in the rate of strain hardening.
2000 Science 12 May 994/1 The actual mechanism of the quench hardening of steel..was hotly debated even in the early 20th century.
C2.
quench frequency n. Electronics the frequency of a signal used to stop oscillations in a superregenerative receiver.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [noun] > frequency > specific frequencies
high frequency1842
natural frequency1873
resonant frequency1897
resonance frequency1898
low frequency1928
modulation frequency1930
quench frequency1938
gyrofrequency1941
Nyquist frequency1963
1938 Proc. IRE 26 96 In a given design of a separately quenched superregenerative receiver there is a particular quench frequency which gives maximum sensitivity.
1959 G. Troup Masers vii. 118 A 600 c/s quench frequency was used.
1996 Microelectronics Jrnl. 27 1/2 The diode is operated as a combined super-regenerative detector..and quench frequency oscillator.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
quenchv.
/kwɛn(t)ʃ/, U.S. /kwɛn(t)ʃ/α. Old English cwæncan, Old English cwencan, Old English cwencean, early Middle English cwence, early Middle English cwenche, early Middle English cwennkenn ( Ormulum), Middle English kuenche (south-eastern), Middle English kuencþ (south-eastern, 3rd singular present indicative), Middle English quencþ (south-eastern, 3rd singular present indicative), Middle English quenke, Middle English queth (transmission error), Middle English queynche, Middle English quienche, Middle English quynche, Middle English qwench, Middle English qwenche, Middle English qwinch, Middle English–1600s quenche, Middle English– quench, 1500s quenshe, 1500s–1600s quence, 1500s–1600s quensh, 1600s quinsh, 1700s– quinch (Irish English); Scottish pre-1700 quence, pre-1700 quenche, pre-1700 quensche, pre-1700 quensh, pre-1700 quenshe, pre-1700 quensht, pre-1700 quynch, pre-1700 quynche, pre-1700 qwensh, pre-1700 1700s– quench.
β. Middle English wenche, Middle English whechyn (transmission error); Scottish pre-1700 quhenche.
Past tense.α. Old English cweinte, Old English–early Middle English cwencte, Old English–early Middle English cwente, early Middle English cwenchte, Middle English queincte, Middle English queinte, Middle English quenchide, Middle English queynt, Middle English queynte, Middle English qwenchede, Middle English qweynte, Middle English–1500s quenchid, Middle English–1500s quenchyd, Middle English– quenched, 1500s qwent, 1500s–1800s quencht, 1600s quensht, 1600s quincht (English regional (Essex)); Scottish pre-1700 quainsht, pre-1700 quenchit, pre-1700 quenschit, pre-1700 quenshd, pre-1700 quent, pre-1700 quynchit, pre-1700 1700s– quenched.
β. Middle English whenched.
Past participle.α. Old English cwænced, Old English cwænct, Old English cwenced, Old English cwenct, Old English cwynct, late Old English cwæint, early Middle English cweint, early Middle English cwennkedd ( Ormulum), early Middle English cwennkenn ( Ormulum, perhaps transmission error), early Middle English cwent, early Middle English icwenched, early Middle English icwenct, early Middle English icwent, Middle English iqueint, Middle English iqueynt, Middle English iqwenchid, Middle English quenche (transmission error), Middle English quenchyde, Middle English queynched, Middle English queynt, Middle English queynte, Middle English queynthe (perhaps transmission error), Middle English qvenched, Middle English qwaynt, Middle English qwenched, Middle English qwenchid, Middle English qwenchyd, Middle English qweynt, Middle English ykuegt (south-eastern, transmission error), Middle English ykuenct (south-eastern), Middle English yquenchede, Middle English yquenchid, Middle English yquenct, Middle English yquente, Middle English yqueynt, Middle English yqueynte, Middle English–1500s quaynt, Middle English–1500s queint, Middle English–1500s quenchede, Middle English–1500s quenchid, Middle English–1500s quenchyd, Middle English– quenched, 1500s quent, 1500s–1600s quenshed, 1500s– quencht (now archaic), 1700s quinched (Irish English); Scottish pre-1700 quainshed, pre-1700 quencheit, pre-1700 quenchit, pre-1700 quencht, pre-1700 quencit, pre-1700 quenscheit, pre-1700 quenshed, pre-1700 quenshit, pre-1700 quensht, pre-1700 quent, pre-1700 queynt, pre-1700 quynchit, pre-1700 qwenched, pre-1700 1700s– quenched.
β. Middle English whenched; Scottish pre-1700 quhenchit.
1.
a. transitive. To put out or extinguish the fire or flame of (something that burns or gives light) (literal and figurative). Occasionally with †away, †out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > make dark [verb (transitive)] > quench (light)
aquenchc1000
quenchOE
to do outa1425
extinct1483
to put outa1500
out-quencha1522
dout1526
pop1530
extinguish1551
to put forth1598
snuff1688
douse1753
douse1780
smoor1808
to turn out1844
outen1877
to turn off1892
to black out1913
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xxx. 237 Se ciricweard..gemette þa leohtfatu byrnende, þe he ær adwæscte... He ongan eallinga hi geornlicor & behogodlicor cwæncan [OE Otho cwencean; L. extinxit].
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Paralip. xxix. 7 Þei closedyn þe dores þat weren in þe ȝat hous & quenchedyn þe lanternes.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Eph. vi. 16 Ȝe mown quenche alle the firy dartis of the worste enmye.
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 247 (MED) It stondiþ like a candil in þe which watir is falle..as soone as þe watir is ful entrid in þe wyke, it is qwenchid and is lost.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) ii. lxi. 58 Wax..smelleth wors after it is quenchid, than doth ony talowe.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. ii. 60 The lycht of day Ay mair and mair the mone quenchit away.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xii. 71 He wyll not quenche out the smokyng flaxe.
1590 R. Hakluyt tr. T. de Bry Table in T. Hariot Briefe Descr. XII. 49 That which they thinke is sufficientlye burned they quenche and scrape away with shells.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 15 The winde shak'd surge..Seemes to..quench the guards of th'euer fired pole.
1672 R. Josselin Diary 27 Sept. (1976) 565 My little Beck fired a bed matt with a candle. My wife run up into chamber and quincht it.
1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 197 To quench a fir'd House.
1743 A. Hill Fanciad vi. 46 Half the plung'd Harness, now, the Sea conceals: Now, hissing Waves half quench the smoaking Wheels!
1767 T. Percy On Anc. Metrical Romances (ed. 2) III. viii. xx On a sudden all the lights are quenched: it thunders, and lightens.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 111 The..points of sparkling wood, He quenched among the bubbling blood.
1864 M. S. Cummins Haunted Hearts xxiii. 368 He was already..quenching the embers on the hearth with the water that remained in the dipper.
1934 ‘D. Yates’ Storm Music x. 251 And now he was going to quench the lights of the castle: and when he had put them out, he would let his accomplices in.
1977 C. McCullough Thorn Birds (1978) iii. ix. 213 For three days more the fire rampaged eastward,..then came a sudden heavy fall of rain that..quenched every last coal.
1991 D. Bolger Woman's Daughter (1992) 162 I..felt I would have more courage in the darkness. I quenched the lamp.
b. transitive. To put out, extinguish, douse (a fire or flame) (literal and figurative). Occasionally with †out.to quench a person's light: see light n.1 Phrases 7a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > put out or extinguish fire, pain, etc.
aquenchc1000
adweschOE
quenchc1175
extinct?a1475
out1502
dead1611
stifle1629
kill1934
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > extinguish (fire) [verb (transitive)]
aquenchc1000
quenchc1175
sleckc1175
slockena1300
bleschea1325
sleckena1340
sleaka1400
asteyntea1450
stancha1450
mesec1480
slockc1480
extinct1483
redd1487
to put outa1500
out-quencha1522
squench1535
extinguish1551
out1629
smoor1721
douse1842
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10126 Waterr hafeþþ mahht To sleckenn fir. & cwennkenn.
a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 249 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 175 Þet fur..ne mei nawiht hit quenchen.
c1300 All Souls (Laud) 162 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 425 (MED) Muche folk was bisi with-oute to lauien watur and quienche þat fuyr.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 186 Huanne hit faileþ, þet uer is y-kuenct.
1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 809 (MED) But god..queynt the fyr that hyr dede greue.
a1450 Castle of Love (Bodl. Add.) (1967) 1707 Fyr þat may not be queynte.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. xiii. 161 In one day alle the fyre thurgh out Rome faylled and was quenchid.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Rawl.) (1974) 208 (MED) Yet all this meane while the fyre brennyth their howses through their necligence, which shuld renne to quenche the fyr.
1581 B. Rich Farewell Militarie Profession sig. P.iv I..will not..extinguishe, or quenche the flames of so feruent and constaunt Loue.
1594 Willobie his Auisa xxiiii. f. 22 A little sparke, not quencht be time, To hideous flames will quickly clime.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. viii. 142 Greene wood..smoakes most when the flame is quenched.
1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir ii. sig. E4 O my admired mistresse; quench not out The holy fires within you.
1645 J. Winthrop Declar. Former Passages 7 The Commissioners in care of the publick peace, sought to quench the fire kindled amongst the Indians.
1713 G. Berkeley in Guardian 21 Apr. 2/1 He had almost quenched that Light which his Creator had set up in his Soul.
1739 ‘R. Bull’ tr. F. Dedekind Grobianus 248 b The Parish Engine spouts excessive Streams To quench the Blaze.
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 12 Their level life is but a smould'ring fire, Nor quench'd by want, nor fan'd by strong desire.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 112 Quench thou his light, Destruction dark!
1847 H. Howe Hist. Coll. Ohio 432 Johnny..filled it with water and quenched the fire.
1864 S. B. Warner Old Helmet I. xi. 230 In Africa they sit in the darkness of centuries, till almost the spark of humanity is quenched out.
1925 Amer. Mercury Oct. 221/1 The American diplomatic envoys..served more to fan the flame of resentment than to quench it.
1992 Chatelaine Sept. 18/1 Nothing can quench her fire, not her stern father, or her wayward husband.
2004 M. Hickey Irish Days 31/2 Quench the fire before you leave the house.
c. intransitive. Of a fire, light, burning thing, etc.: to be extinguished, to go out, to cease to burn or shine. Also figurative. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > become dark [verb (intransitive)] > go out or be extinguished
quench?c1225
aquencha1250
to go out?a1425
quenta1500
to black out1934
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > become extinguished [verb (intransitive)]
quench?c1225
aquencha1250
to wax outc1400
slockc1485
slocken1535
to burn out, forth1597
extinguish1599
squench1643
to blow out1842
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 313 Þe haligastes fur cwencheð [a1250 Titus cwenches] hwen þe brondes þurch wraððe beoð isundred.
c1300 St. Dunstan (Laud) 6 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 19 Heore liȝt queincte ouer-al.
c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 2334 Right anon oon of the fyres queynte And quyked agayn.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ix. 127 (MED) A lyght into the wynche may doun be sende: If hit ne quenche, of peril is ther noon; Hit quenchith, lo, the place is pestilent.
c1450 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Calig. A.ii) (1969) 1805 (MED) Þe torches þat brende bryȝt Quenchede anon ryȝt.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. xii. 121 Thair with all the naturall heit out quent.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxx. 16 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 213 Coales..which quickly fired, Flame very hott, very hardly quench'ing.
1639 J. Fletcher et al. Bloody Brother iv. iii. sig. H1 Like a false starre that quenches as it glides.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xii. 65 Whilest the fire was quenching, many got into the Palace.
1824 J. R. Planché Woman never Vext i. i. 3 Some awkward star threw out its luckless fire At my conception, and 'twill never quench While I have heat in me.
1845 B. Barton Househ. Verses 36 Another star! whose brightness fell On childhood's path, is quenching.
1966 F. Nwapa Efuru x. 195 The fire is quenching, mother, let me kindle it for you.
d. transitive. To destroy the sight of (an eye); to blind. In later use more usually: to cause (the eyes) to lose their brightness, light, etc. (In quot. c1450 figurative) Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > afflict with disordered vision [verb (transitive)] > blind
blendc888
forblendc1175
blindfoldc1320
to put out a person's eyesc1325
blinda1400
dark?c1400
darken?a1425
quenchc1450
excecate?1540
stark blind1574
beblind1575
douta1616
unsight?1615
benight1621
emblind1631
occaecate1664
c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 9 (MED) Þe eye of his mynde was I-qwenchid with þe grete lith of sotil vndyrstanding whech is conteyned i scriptur, and þus left he þis holy study.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 25 These eyes, that rowle in vain..So thick a drop serene hath quencht thir Orbs. View more context for this quotation
1709 R. Gould Wks. 378 The Meridian Sun, all flaming bright, Gaz'd on, confounds, and quenches human Sight.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 728 His sparkling eye Was quench'd in rheums of age.
1792 S. Rogers Pleasures Mem. ii. 137 When age has quenched the eye and closed the ear.
1850 E. B. Browning Lament for Adonis ii His eyeballs lie quenched.
1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters vii. 190 No plan was so suggestive as that of quenching his sight.
1913 C. J. Brennan Poems l. 130 A pinch of dust may quench the eyes that took the azure curve of stainless skies.
1931 V. Woolf Waves 254 Jinny's yellow scarf is moth-coloured in this light; Susan's eyes are quenched.
e. transitive. Electronics. Originally: (Radio) to extinguish (the spark in a spark transmitter) by mechanical means, so that the secondary (aerial) circuit is no longer coupled to the primary (now rare). In later use (passing into sense 1b): (gen.) to extinguish (a spark).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > communicate by radio [verb (transitive)] > methods of operation
quench1910
heterodyne1923
squelch1950
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [verb (transitive)] > adjust phase of > stabilize
quench1910
phase-lock1955
1910 G. W. Pierce Princ. Wireless Telegr. xxiii. 267 The spark is quenched when the energy in the primary attains its first minimum.
1913 Chambers's Jrnl. Mar. 232/2 The oscillatory current in the aerial, and therefore the wave-train radiated, continue long after the spark has been quenched.
1927 O. F. Brown Elem. Radio Communication iv. 53 The spark is produced between projecting studs on a rapidly revolving metal disc and two fixed electrodes... The rotation of the disc will rapidly increase the distance between the studs and the electrodes, so that the spark is quenched and the oscillation in the primary circuit ceases.
1953 Jrnl. Sci. Instruments 30 386/2 The work-piece being made positive and immersed in oil to quench the spark.
1996 Nucl. Instruments & Methods Physics Res. A. 373 35/2 There are two methods to reduce the effect of sparks. The first is to quench the spark by using a high fraction of u.v.-absorbing gas.
2.
a. transitive. To oppress, crush; †to kill, destroy (obsolete). Occasionally with †out. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]
swevec725
quelmeOE
slayc893
quelleOE
of-falleOE
ofslayeOE
aquellc950
ayeteeOE
spillc950
beliveOE
to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE
fordoa1000
forfarea1000
asweveOE
drepeOE
forleseOE
martyrOE
to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE
bringc1175
off-quellc1175
quenchc1175
forswelta1225
adeadc1225
to bring of daysc1225
to do to deathc1225
to draw (a person) to deathc1225
murder?c1225
aslayc1275
forferec1275
to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275
martyrc1300
strangle1303
destroya1325
misdoa1325
killc1330
tailc1330
to take the life of (also fro)c1330
enda1340
to kill to (into, unto) death1362
brittena1375
deadc1374
to ding to deathc1380
mortifya1382
perisha1387
to dight to death1393
colea1400
fella1400
kill out (away, down, up)a1400
to slay up or downa1400
swelta1400
voida1400
deliverc1400
starvec1425
jugylc1440
morta1450
to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480
to put offc1485
to-slaya1500
to make away with1502
to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503
rida1513
to put downa1525
to hang out of the way1528
dispatch?1529
strikea1535
occidea1538
to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540
to fling to deathc1540
extinct1548
to make out of the way1551
to fet offa1556
to cut offc1565
to make away?1566
occise1575
spoil1578
senda1586
to put away1588
exanimate1593
unmortalize1593
speed1594
unlive1594
execute1597
dislive1598
extinguish1598
to lay along1599
to make hence1605
conclude1606
kill off1607
disanimate1609
feeze1609
to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611
to kill dead1615
transporta1616
spatch1616
to take off1619
mactate1623
to make meat of1632
to turn up1642
inanimate1647
pop1649
enecate1657
cadaverate1658
expedite1678
to make dog's meat of1679
to make mincemeat of1709
sluice1749
finisha1753
royna1770
still1778
do1780
deaden1807
deathifyc1810
to lay out1829
cool1833
to use up1833
puckeroo1840
to rub out1840
cadaverize1841
to put under the sod1847
suicide1852
outkill1860
to fix1875
to put under1879
corpse1884
stiffen1888
tip1891
to do away with1899
to take out1900
stretch1902
red-light1906
huff1919
to knock rotten1919
skittle1919
liquidate1924
clip1927
to set over1931
creasea1935
ice1941
lose1942
to put to sleep1942
zap1942
hit1955
to take down1967
wax1968
trash1973
ace1975
society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > suppress, repress, or put down
nithereOE
adweschOE
overtreadOE
quellOE
to trample or tread under foot (also feet)c1175
adauntc1325
to bear downc1330
oppressc1380
repressc1391
overyoke?a1425
quencha1425
to bear overc1425
supprisec1440
overquell?c1450
farec1460
supprime1490
downbeara1500
stanch1513
undertread1525
downtread1536
suppress1537
to set one's foot on the neck of1557
depress?a1562
overbear1565
surpress1573
trample1583
repose1663
spiflicate1749
sort1815
to trample down1853
to sit on ——1915
to clamp down1924
crack down1940
tamp1959
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 19632 Teȝȝ wolldenn himm Forrfarenn all. & cwennkenn.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 28 (MED) Þu cwenctest & a-cwaldest him wið þe hali rode.
c1300 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 83 (MED) Þe brithe day went in-to nith, þo ihesu crist, hin herte lith, was iqueint with pine and wo.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Judges v. 11 Þe charys been hurtlud, & þe hoost of þe enemyes ys queynt.
a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 363 He wiþ his part þat loveþ þe world quenche men þat speken þis.
c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. 327 (MED) Þey constrewed quarellis to quenche þe peple.
1567 Triall of Treasure sig. Eiv I tyme..quenche out the vngodly their memory and fame.
1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman iv. 48 Oh sea, if thou hast waves, Quench him!
1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 104 Fancying that her glory would be great According to his greatness whom she quench'd.
1937 O. St. J. Gogarty As I was going down Sackville St. 38 ‘Hands off me!’ sez she, ‘till I quench the bastard.’
b. transitive. To put (a person) down; to reduce to silence; to quell. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm > completely or overthrow
shrenchc897
allayOE
fellOE
quellOE
to bring to the groundc1175
forlesec1200
to lay downa1225
acastc1225
accumberc1275
cumber1303
confoundc1330
overthrowc1375
cumrayc1425
overquell?c1450
overwhelvec1450
to nip in (also by, on) the head (also neck, pate)?a1500
prostrate1531
quash1556
couch1577
unhorse1577
prosternate1593
overbeata1616
unchariot1715
floor1828
quench1841
to knock over1853
fling1889
to throw down1890
steamroller1912
wipe1972
zonk1973
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge ix. 288 ‘I knew I should quench her,’ said Sim.
1868 L. M. Alcott Little Women I. vi. 94 Jo quenched her by slamming down the window.
1874 Galaxy Oct. 489 ‘My dear woman, how should I know? I believe that's the first thing women always think of!’ The sarcasm quenched me at once.
1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables ix. 89 She always promptly quenched Anne by a curt command to hold her tongue.
1926 H. G. Wells World of W. Clissold I. ii. i. 133 When I tried to cheer things up..with this agreeable refrain my mother quenched me with, ‘Don't Billykins, I've got a headache.’
3. † b. intransitive. Of a non-material thing: to come to an end, perish, disappear. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To put an end to, stifle, suppress (a feeling, action, condition, quality, or other non-material thing). Also (occasionally) with person as object.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > crush, stifle, or overwhelm (feelings, etc.)
shendOE
whelvec1000
allayOE
ofdrunkenc1175
quenchc1175
quashc1275
stanchc1315
quella1325
slockena1340
drenchc1374
vanquishc1380
stuffa1387
daunt?a1400
adauntc1400
to put downa1425
overwhelmc1425
overwhelvec1450
quatc1450
slockc1485
suppressa1500
suffocate1526
quealc1530
to trample under foot1530
repress1532
quail1533
suppress1537
infringe1543
revocate1547
whelm1553
queasom1561
knetcha1564
squench1577
restinguish1579
to keep down1581
trample1583
repel1592
accable1602
crush1610
to wrestle down?1611
chokea1616
stranglea1616
stifle1621
smother1632
overpower1646
resuppress1654
strangulate1665
instranglea1670
to choke back, down, in, out1690
to nip or crush in the bud1746
spiflicate1749
squasha1777
to get under1799
burke1835
to stamp out1851
to trample down1853
quelch1864
to sit upon ——1864
squelch1864
smash1865
garrotte1878
scotch1888
douse1916
to drive under1920
stomp1936
stultify1958
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4911 All idell ȝellp. & idell ros. Þu cwennkesst.
c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) 114 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 496 (MED) Quenche heo miȝte hire fole þoȝt mid blod þat heo schadde.
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 83 (MED) Whan þou wenist libbe best, Þi bodi deþ sal qwench.
c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 127 I quenched [v.r. whenched] al þi care.
a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 16357 (MED) Louerd! þou quenche his wykkednesse.
a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 440 Þe bileue of iesu crist shulde teche men to quenche þis pride.
?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors iii. sig. B5 How mercifully dyd god quench the fury of the peple.
1576 E. Dering XXVII Lect. Epist. Hebrues i. sig. A.viii The waies in which we are led vnto it [sc. salvation], they are immutable, our faith is not quenched, our loue not extinguished, our hope faileth not.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 195 Being thus quench'd Of hope, not longing [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 84 Quenching the least suspition he might conceiue.
1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth V. 2 Thou..could have quench'd thy Cupiscence.
1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 23 All God-like Passion for Eternals quencht.
1786 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 144 in Poems & Songs (1968) I. 142 Some rascal's pridefu' greed to quench.
1833 H. Martineau Loom & Lugger ii. v. 81 The observance of this rule would soon quench the desire for protection.
1874 H. Maudsley Respons. in Mental Dis. iii. 73 When his memory is impaired, his feelings quenched, his intelligence enfeebled or extinct, he is said to be suffering from dementia.
1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xliii. 333 She locked up Howards End. It was pitiable to see in it the stirrings of warmth that would be quenched for ever.
1957 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples III. ix. vi. 251 The renewal of the European conflict quenched the hopes of Parliamentary Reform.
1995 Q June 80/2 One day he decided to quench my curiosity and plucked one of these inaccessible items from the shelf and placed it on the turntable.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > be destroyed, ruined, or come to an end
losec888
fallOE
forlesea1225
perishc1275
spilla1300
to go to wreche13..
to go to the gatec1330
to go to lostc1374
miscarryc1387
quenchc1390
to bring unto, to fall into, to go, put, or work to wrakea1400
mischieve?a1400
tinea1400
to go to the devilc1405
bursta1450
untwindc1460
to make shipwreck1526
to go to (the) pot1531
to go to wreck (and ruin)a1547
wrake1570
wracka1586
to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587
to lie in the dusta1591
mischief1598
to go (etc.) to rack (and ruin)1599
shipwreck1607
suffera1616
unravel1643
to fall off1684
tip (over) the perch1699
to do away with1769
to go to the dickens1833
collapse1838
to come (also go) a mucker1851
mucker1862
to go up1864
to go to squash1889
to go (to) stramash1910
to go for a burton1941
to meet one's Makera1978
c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 341 This thyng..may wel wexe feble and faile..but fully ne shal it neuere quenche.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 5324 This love..wole faile and quenche anoon.
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 48 The Spirit dayly quenching and dying in them.
4.
a. transitive. To assuage, slake (thirst). Also (occasionally): to satisfy or dispel (hunger). Occasionally in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > satisfying hunger or thirst > satisfy or relieve hunger or thirst [verb (transitive)] > specific thirst
slockena1340
quencha1393
sleaka1400
quenta1500
slock1827
slecken1876
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > satisfying hunger or thirst > satisfy or relieve hunger or thirst [verb (transitive)] > specific hunger
slakec1325
quencha1533
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 2223 (MED) Thus the thurst of gold was queynt With gold.
c1460 Tree & 12 Frutes (McClean) (1960) 20 (MED) Quenche þere þi þrust with þe plente and abundaunce of his blissid blode.
1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. iv. sig. dv Also the water quenched & owted the thyrste.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. D.ijv His hunger is not thereby quenched.
1573 T. Cartwright Replye to Answere Whitgifte 26 Sufficient to quench her thirst and kill her hunger.
1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 262 Shee must either quench her thirst with that, or fast.
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 235 Stickle-backs..serve better to quench hunger, than to nourish.
1708 W. King Art of Cookery 6 A Prince..Quenches his Thirst with Ale in Nut-Brown Bowls.
1752 E. Young Brothers iv. i Friends, sworn to..quench infernal thirst in kindred blood.
1795 R. Southey Vision Maid of Orleans ii. 71 Often impatiently to quench their thirst Unquenchable, large draughts of molten gold They drink insatiate.
1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. v. i. 489 Where they could quench their thirst at a well of brackish water.
1877 W. W. Fowler Woman on Amer. Frontier vi. 132 Esther and her companion busied themselves in dressing and binding up the wounds of the fallen, and in quenching their thirst.
1915 J. Conrad Victory (1962) i. 8 Come along and quench your thirst with us.
1951 H. Arendt Burden of our Time ii. v. 144 The élite..were quite ready to admit that the thirst for power could be quenched only through destruction.
1975 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Amer. 24 Aug. 17/3 Forcing the campers to rely solely on blueberries and northern pike to quench their hunger.
2005 Trav. Afr. Autumn 32/2 The beers..tasted dreadful and did very little to quench my thirst.
b. transitive. To satisfy the thirst of (a person).
ΚΠ
1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre ii. ii. 18 in Wks. II Nig. How now Vrsla? in a heate, in a heat? Vrs. My chayre..and my mornings draught, quickly, a botle of Ale, to quench mee, Rascall.
1675 Mistaken Husband iv. ii. 38 Prethee Nurse, quench me with a bowl of the sweetest. I am so dry, I shall take fire else.
a1783 H. Brooke Cymbeline (1789) v. iii. 239 Return'd, you say, from battle, faint, and thirsty? 'Tis well—here's that will quench him.
1990 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 19 Feb. 7 c Folks come here to drench themselves in the sun and quench themselves with beer.
2005 Washington Post (Nexis) 16 Jan. (Book World section) t10 Readers thirsting for a hole-by-hole recounting of nearly every major golf championship of the 1920s can quench themselves on Mark Frost's The Grand Slam: Bobby Jones, America, and the Story of Golf.
5. † b. transitive. To treat (mercury) with a substance such as spittle to make it more easily mixed with other substances. Obsolete.† c. transitive. To slake (lime). Obsolete.
a. transitive. Now chiefly Metallurgy. To cool (a heated object, esp. a metal one) by immersing it rapidly in cold water, oil, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > cool > by liquid
slake1387
quencha1398
slecka1475
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 200 Fire-hoot Iren, if it is ofte y-queynt in wyn or in melk makeþ þat wyn or melk medicinal to hem þat haue yuel of þe spleen.
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 375 (MED) Rasis putteth in þe Book of Ioyntz þe maner of evaporacioun..with a narcosite hette and quenchede in vynegre.
a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 7 Þanne quenche ȝoure floreyn in þe beste whiȝt wiyn.
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health x. 32 [Rice]..boyled in milke wherein hotte stones haue beene quenched.
1639 J. Woodall Treat. Plague in Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) 358 Hot Brickes, somewhat quenched with water.
1677 T. Henshaw Let. 22 Mar. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1986) XIII. 230 Especially when they are not violently contracted againe by quenching ye iron in water.
1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 59 Quench it in half a pint of French White Wine.
1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. i. 19 Was the steel quenched with water from Rosamond's well.
1936 E. A. Atkins & A. G. Walker Electr. Arc & Oxy-acetylene Welding (ed. 3) xvii. 252 When the wire is heated to 720° C. and quenched, it will be noticed that its tensile strength falls to 34 tons to the square inch.
1985 Sci. Amer. Feb. 96/2 (caption) The craftsmen hardened the finished blades by reheating them and then quenching them in water, brine or some other liquid.
2000 Lapidary Jrnl. June 60/1 Quench and pickle the ring to remove the boric acid coating.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 196v Quyk siluer..is y-queynt wiþ spotil [L. extinguit..saliua] whenne it is y-froted þer wiþ.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 110 (MED) Poudre alle þese togidere sotilliche and þanne medle wiþ hem þe quyk siluer y-quenchid wiþ spotil.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with other materials > work with other materials [verb (transitive)] > hydrate lime
sleck1530
quench1587
sliss1599
squench1643
slock1655
slake1662
1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. xii. 187/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Of chalke also we haue our excellent Asbestos or white lime, made in most places, wherewith being quenched we strike ouer our claie workes.
1643 J. Steer tr. Fabricius Exper. Chyrurg. i. 3 When Lyme is quenched..it is..heated.
1700 R. Johnson Praxis Medicinæ Reformata p. x Cows and Goats-milk boiled in an equal quantity of Water, (wherein unslak'd Lime hath been quenched,..) cureth all kinds of Fluxes.
1793 R. Treffry Diss. Smut-balls amongst Wheat 7 On the Evening preceding the Day that Wheat is intended to be sown, it is lain on the Floor..on which Lime quenched with Boiling Water, and made to the Consistence of Cream, is poured in that Boiling State.
1845 G. Law tr. J. B. Boussingault Rural Econ. 306 Lime, previously quenched and cold, is generally spread by being raked out from the cart upon the field.
6. transitive. To extinguish or moderate (heat or warmth) by cooling (literal and figurative). Occasionally with †out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > cool
keelc825
akeleeOE
acool?a1200
acolda1250
coola1400
quencha1400
refroid1477
wear1674
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 201 (MED) If þere be engendrid greet fleume & miche, þat is cause, for it quenchiþ þe hete of þe stomac.
?1406 T. Hoccleve La Mâle Règle 135 in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 62/1 Heuy purs, with herte liberal, Quenchith the thristy hete of hertes drie.
?a1430 T. Hoccleve Mother of God l. 28 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 53 Þat al the hete of brennyng Leccherie He qwenche in me.
c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 162 (MED) Þe drynkyng of cold watyr..qwenchyth þe natural hete.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid iv. Prol. 119 Heit..in to agit failȝeis, and is out quent.
?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe iv. f. xxviv Great heate in the breaste..is quenched..in drawynge colde ayre.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. ix. 150 A kinde of cold so piercing, that it quencheth the vitall heate.
1621 J. Fletcher et al. Trag. of Thierry & Theodoret iii. i. sig. E4v The teares of mandrake and the marble dew, Mixt in my draught, haue quencht my natural heate.
a1686 J. Gordon Hist. Scots Affairs (1841) I. 153 The Commissioner was putt to moderate the Moderator and quenshe the heate of the chollericke Assemblye.
1724 N. Amhurst Oculus Britanniæ 25 Threescore and ten have quench'd his vital heat, And his decaying pulses scarcely beat.
1778 C. Dibdin Poor Vulcan i. ii.11 Trickling tears from you that part, Have often damp'd my doubtful heart, And quench'd a-while my passion's heat.
1828 R. E. Landor Impious Feast 325 No more This palm may loose its hold or quench its heat—It grasps the torch for ever!
1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket ii. ii. 111 Pity, my lord, that you have quenched the warmth of France toward you.
1925 T. Hardy Human Shows 134 He came on straight With a warmth no words could quench.
1936 Salamanca (N.Y.) Republican-Press 17 Aug. 1/3 Heavy thundershowers on three successive nights failed to quench the heat at Chicago.
1996 ikon Jan. 28/1 Inside, the heat is quenched by doomy marble halls with more than a touch of the gothic religious.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. v. 47 Dost thou thinke in time She will not quench, and let instructions enter Where Folly now possesses. View more context for this quotation
8.
a. transitive. Science. To suppress or cancel (an effect); to slow or stop (a motion).
ΚΠ
1876 P. G. Tait Lect. Recent Adv. in Physical Sci. vii. 172 The final effect of the tides in stopping or quenching the earth's rotation.
1889 G. M. Hopkins Exper. Sci. xii. 234 By inserting the double refracting crystal known as tourmaline,..the ordinary and extraordinary rays will be extinguished and will reappear in alternation. All vibrations, except those executed parallel with the axis of the tourmaline, are quenched.
1957 Encycl. Brit. XI. 51/1 The gyrostabilizer quenches the force of each wave.
1996 Astron. & Astrophysics 312 615 The toroidal field quenches the turbulent Reynolds stress deep in the convection zone.
b. transitive. Electronics. To cause (an electrical oscillation) to cease, esp. in a superregenerative receiver.
ΚΠ
1923 E. W. Marchant Radio Telegr. & Teleph. 34 The oscillation in the oscillating circuit is then suddenly quenched.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) I. 362/1 A regenerative detector in which the oscillations are periodically stopped or quenched is called a superregenerative detector.
2000 Rev. Sci. Instruments 71 4602/1 The inductor of the..tank circuit creates a large voltage during the pulse that..sometimes quenches the oscillations by pushing the diode out of its negative resistance region.
c. transitive. Physics. To suppress (luminescence). Hence: to de-excite (an atom that would otherwise give rise to luminescence).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > raising energy level, excitation > raise energy level [verb (transitive)] > suppress
quench1926
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)] > in purity, beauty, etc.
strait1390
confoundc1420
quench1926
1926 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 30 44 Hydrogen, oxygen and water vapor all have a very strong effect in quenching the fluorescence.
1954 C. Zwikker Physical Prop. Solid Materials xiii. 230 Fluorescence may be quenched by radiation, e.g. infra-red of too long a wavelength to excite fluorescence.
1976 Sci. Amer. June 47/2 (advt.) While the list of molecules which will react with 1O2 is growing rapidly, the list of molecules which will quench 1O2 back to O2 is much smaller.
2006 Jrnl. Photochem. & Photobiol. A. 183 13/2 The fluorescence intensity decreases as the high concentration of Zn2+ cations quenches the fluorescence.
d. transitive. Physics and Chemistry. To interact with an electron in an atom or molecule so as to suppress (the orbital angular momentum of the electron, and the magnetic moment to which it gives rise).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron spin > produce alignment of spins [verb (transitive)] > suppress angular momentum
quench1932
1932 J. H. Van Vleck Theory Electr. & Magn. Susceptibilities xi. 282 Solids or solutions in which inter~atomic forces quench the orbital angular momentum but leave the spin free.
1955 C. H. Townes & A. L. Schawlow Microwave Spectrosc. vii. 175 In nonlinear molecules, the orbital motion of electrons is almost completely ‘quenched’ or suppressed, and a spin momentum is the only angular momentum in the molecule of distinctly electronic origin.
1971 J. D. Patterson Introd. Theory of Solid State Physics iv. 240 The cubic field acts to ‘quench’ the orbital angular momentum.
2000 Science 21 Apr. 462/1 It..quenches the orbital angular momentum by introducing the crystal field splitting of the d orbitals.
e. transitive. Chemistry. To suppress (a particular reaction).
ΚΠ
1928 Industr. & Engin. Chem. July 697/2 The zinc oxide may exert a quenching action on the copper oxide reduction.]
1940 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 62 2166/1 At suitable intervals..metaphosphoric acid was added to quench the reaction, and the samples were titrated.
1978 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context xxiii. 355 Portions of the reaction mixture can be pipetted into sodium hydrogencarbonate solution which ‘quenches’ the reaction by neutralising the acid catalyst.
1990 Nucleic Acids Res. 18 379/1 The reactions are quenched directly by the pyrrolidine cleavage solution, instead of by ethanol precipitation.
f. transitive. Electronics. To prevent (the discharge in a radiation counter, or the resulting current) from continuing too long, so that the device is free to register another event. Hence: to design (a counter) so as to achieve this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > measurement of ionizing radiation > restrict discharge [verb (transitive)]
quench1940
1940 Physical Rev. 57 1036/1 If we merely assure ourselves that the counter wire is falling somewhat below the starting potential with each discharge, then we can be sure that the discharge is quenched after the first stage and we will have a clean, fast pulse.
1942 E. C. Pollard & W. L. Davidson Appl. Nucl. Physics iii. 30 A very common device to quench a counter is to employ a vacuum tube.
1958 O. R. Frisch Nucl. Handbk. xv. 14 The discriminator circuit used with Geiger counters..should provide facilities for quenching the counter for a period of several hundred microseconds after each pulse.
1992 Microelectronic Engin. 19 62 The avalanche current flows until an external circuit quenches the avalanche by lowering the bias voltage.
9. intransitive. Physics, Electronics, etc. To undergo quenching (in various senses); to be suppressed, to die away; spec. (of a material) to change from a superconducting state to a non-superconducting state.
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the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > superconductivity > change to non-superconducting state [verb (transitive)]
quench1945
1945 Electronics Mar. 101 By high concentration of power, work rapidly heats and quenches with practically no distortion or scale formation.
1969 Sci. Jrnl. Apr. 42/2 Increasing current is passed through the superconductor until the material ‘quenches’ (goes normal).
1975 Physics Bull. May 214/1 The normal metal (copper or combinations of copper and cupro~nickel) is still required to protect the conductor when it reaches the limit of its current carrying capacity and ‘quenches’ (ie undergoes a transition to the normal state).
1980 Internat. Jrnl. Biochem. 12 1020 (table) The fluorescence quenches slowly, indicating large amounts of stored porphyrins.
1995 Focus Aug. 24 (caption) The flash ‘quenches’ before the shutter closes again, the instant the correct exposure is made.
2001 Jrnl. Appl. Physics 90 2314/2 With the increase in temperature, the output from ZnS-based blue and green laser diodes quenches quickly.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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