benignadj.

/bɪˈnʌɪn/

Forms: Middle English–1500s benygn(e, -yngne, -yng(e, -ing, Middle English–1600s benigne, beningne, 1600s– benign.

Etymology: < Old French benigne, benin < Latin benignus ‘kindly,’ probably for benigenus, < bene well + -genus born, of kind. Compare malignus, prīvignus; for the sense Latin gentīlis, French gentil, English gentle; also, English kind, kindly, Latin generōsus, Greek γενναῖος.

a. Of a kind disposition, gracious, kindly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective]

mildeOE

blitheOE

goodOE

well-willingOE

beina1200

goodfulc1275

blithefula1300

faira1300

benignc1320

gainc1330

sweetc1330

kinda1333

propicec1350

well-willeda1382

well-disposeda1393

well-hearteda1393

well-willinga1393

friendsomea1400

well-willya1400

charitablec1405

well-willed1417

good-heartedc1425

kindlyc1425

honeyed1435

propitious1440

affectuousc1441

willya1449

homelyc1450

benevolous1470

benigned1470

benevolent1482

favourousc1485

well-meaned1488

well-meaning1498

humanec1500

favourablec1503

affectionatea1516

well-mindedc1522

beneficial1526

propiciant1531

benignate1533

well-intendeda1535

beneficious1535

kind-hearted1535

well-given1535

affectioned1539

well-wishing1548

figgy?1549

good-meaning1549

affectedc1553

affectionated1561

well-natured1561

well-affected?1563

officious1565

well-inclined1569

good-natured1582

partial1587

graceful?1593

well-intentioned1598

beneficent1616

candid1633

kindlike1637

benefic1641

kindly-hearted1762

well-meant1765

benignanta1782

sweet-hearted1850

c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 1103 Ȝe weten weyl how benygne my dere sone was.

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 353 Charity is benyngne.

1422 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. ii. 30 I. 96 That it please your..Grace of your benigne pitee and grace, to releve and refresh your said pouere Oratour.

c1550 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 130 Hee is fair, sober and bening, Sweet, meek, and gentle in all thing.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xiv. §5. 359 It's he alone, euen he, the God beningne, That vs instructs, in euery blessed thing.

1844 E. B. Barrett Drama of Exile in Poems I. 8 As well As the benignest angel of you all.

†b. Gentle, meek, humble. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > [adjective]

heanc825

daftc1000

edmedec1000

edmodc1000

edmodeda1175

sheepishc1175

deftc1220

edmodi?c1225

lowc1225

humblec1250

beienlichc1275

buxoma1300

meekc1325

benign1377

lowlya1382

contemptiblec1384

pridelessc1395

humil1488

low-down1548

unproud1570

demiss1572

unpuffed1577

afflicted1590

unselfdelicious1605

cottagely1653

unselfvaluing1668

simplified1721

demissivea1763

stateless1844

maiden-meek1847

vanityless1854

patronizable1884

the mind > emotion > calmness > meekness or mildness > [adjective]

stillc825

tamec888

mildeOE

lithea1000

daftc1000

meekc1325

lambishc1374

meeklyc1375

benign1377

temperatec1380

quieta1382

gall-lessa1398

mansuetea1425

meeta1425

unwrathful1542

rageless1578

lamb-like?1592

mildya1603

milky1602

pigeon-livered1604

placid1614

spleenless?1615

passive1616

unprovokable1646

milken1648

uncaptious1661

stomachless1727

unindignant1789

pianoa1817

ireless1829

unquarrelsome1830

quiet-goinga1835

uncholeric1834

unoffendable1839

baby-milda1845

quiet-tempered1846

turtlish1855

pathic1857

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > gentleness or mildness > [adjective]

stillc825

tamec888

nesheOE

mildeOE

softOE

lithea1000

daftc1000

methefulOE

sefteOE

meekc1175

benign1377

pleasablea1382

mytha1400

tendera1400

unfelona1400

mansuetea1425

meeta1425

gentlec1450

moy1487

placablea1522

facile1539

effeminate1594

silver1596

mildya1603

unmalicious1605

uncruel1611

maliceless1614

tender-hefteda1616

unpersecutive1664

baby-milda1845

rose water1855

turtlish1855

unvindictive1857

soft-boiled1859

tenderful1901

soft-lining1967

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvi. 7 Þe blosmes beth boxome speche and benygne lokynge.

c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 287 Thise arn the wordes that the markis sayde To this benigne, verray, feithful mayde.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum xci. 419 All men and women..that are lowe, ande meke, ande benigne.

2. Exhibiting or manifesting kindly feeling in look, gesture, or action; bland, gentle, mild.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] > exhibiting kindly feeling

benignc1374

open-hearteda1617

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1753 Benyng he was to eche in general.

1493 Petronylla (Pynson) 5 Benygne of porte, humble of face and chere.

1542 King Henry VIII Declar. Causes Warre Scottis 193 We..gaue..benigne and gentyl audience to suche Ambassadours, as repayred hither.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 229 Benigne, and not blustrous, Against a vanquisht foe.

1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. xiii. 400 Requesens indeed had a more benign and placid countenance than Alva.

1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals i. 58 That when a thief takes your cloak you should thank him, like a benign Quaker, for his kindness.

3. transferred. Of things: Favourable, kind, fortunate, salutary, propitious; esp. in Astrology opposed to malign, malignant, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > advantageous or favourable

likinga1387

friendlya1398

sweetc1400

propice1443

favourablec1460

towardly1520

propitious1581

aspectful1611

auspiciousa1616

benigna1631

fautive1667

benevolenta1676

bright1684

the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > benign

benefic1601

benigna1631

benevolous1642

benefical1647

sanguine1647

a1631 J. Donne Βιαθανατος (1647) i. i. §4 Those reasons, which are most benigne..ought to have the best acceptation.

1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 34 By concurrence of circumstances, benign to, and corresponding with a vastative event.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 538 So shall the World goe on, To good malignant, to bad men benigne .

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xii. 262 The Government of these benign Stars was very short.

1743 H. Fielding Jonathan Wild iii. x, in Misc. III. 259 His affairs had begun to wear a more benign Aspect.

1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xvii. 26 On whose birth benign planets have certainly smiled.

4. Of weather, soil, climate, etc.: Mild, salubrious, genial, kindly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > conducive to health > of climate

benignc1386

kindly1579

salubrious1615

sobera1795

c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 44 fful lusty was the weder and benigne.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 164 Thy air it is nocht holsum nor benyng.

1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 86 The Air becomes more healthful, sweet, and more benigne both to sound and infirm.

1772 T. Pennant Tours Scotl. (1774) 306 He sows his seed, and sees it flourish beneath a benign sun.

1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 209 The climate is benign, even in low marshy neighbourhoods.

5. Medicine.

†a. Of medicines: Gentle or mild in operation. Of food: Easily digested. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [adjective] > relating to powers or effects of drugs > mild

lithec1400

gentle1534

benign1638

mild1652

unirritant1822

bland1835

soft1959

the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > digestible > easily digested or light

lighteOE

subtlea1398

convertiblec1400

subtilty1528

slipper1539

well-digesteda1594

benign1638

1638 tr. F. Bacon Hist. Life & Death 158 Celsus..adviseth Interchanging, and Alternation of the Diet, but still with an Inclination to the more Benigne.

1652 J. French York-shire Spaw vi. 64 More benigne purgatives.

1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments 77 Those Salts are of a peculiar benign mild Nature.

1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady ii. ix. 208 Aromatick Medicines..encrease their benign, and..hinder their destructive Effects.

b. Of diseases: Of a mild type; not malignant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > mild or curable

recoverable1585

schetical1666

mild1684

schetic1706

benign1743

benignant1897

weak1899

avirulent1900

1743 tr. L. Heister Gen. Syst. Surg. I. i. 207 There is little or no difference between them [certain virulent tumours] and the benign sort.

1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 13 Benign Diseases are those in which the appreciable group of phenomena indicates a surely favorable issue.

1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. xiii. 526 Benign tumours are of slow growth.

6. quasi-adv.= benignly adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adverb]

welleOE

blithec1000

blithelyc1000

goodfullya1300

blethelyc1300

milthlyc1300

kindlya1375

benignlyc1380

en-gree14..

homelya1425

benevolently1532

benign1535

obsequiously?1536

kindly1581

kind1592

propitiously1600

kindlily1625

well-meaningly1645

obligingly1646

candidly1650

beneficentlya1717

kindly-like1716

good-naturedly1725

benignantly1791

kindheartedly1803

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 374 Beseikand thame rycht hartlie and benyng, For to ressaue than as thair prince and king This Alpynus.

1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. xiii. 63 His words well-weigh'd, the gen'ral voice approv'd Benign.

Draft additions 1993

b. benign neglect, non-interference or neglect as a policy intended to benefit the subject more than continual attention; well-intentioned or beneficial neglect. Originally U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > [noun] > refraining from interference

to let alone1608

unmeddlingnessa1656

non-interference1829

to let be1891

benign neglect1970

1970 D. P. Moynihan in N.Y. Times 1 Mar. 69/4 The time may have come when the issue of race could benefit from a period of ‘benign neglect’.

1971 N.Y. Times 27 June ii. 31/6 Black composers and women composers share a heritage of musical subjugation—of malign as well as benign neglect.

1977 Harper's Mag. Jan. 85/2 How we do, and at the same time, do not, think about our children's books, is best reflected by that infuriating form of benign neglect, the roundup review.

1985 Daily Tel. 19 Jan. 16/2 How difficult it is for modern governments—busy, garrulous, interfering bodies—to exercise ‘benign neglect’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	benign
释义	benignadj. /bɪˈnʌɪn/ Forms: Middle English–1500s benygn(e, -yngne, -yng(e, -ing, Middle English–1600s benigne, beningne, 1600s– benign. Etymology: < Old French benigne, benin < Latin benignus ‘kindly,’ probably for benigenus, < bene well + -genus born, of kind. Compare malignus, prīvignus; for the sense Latin gentīlis, French gentil, English gentle; also, English kind, kindly, Latin generōsus, Greek γενναῖος. 1. a. Of a kind disposition, gracious, kindly. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] mildeOE blitheOE goodOE well-willingOE beina1200 goodfulc1275 blithefula1300 faira1300 benignc1320 gainc1330 sweetc1330 kinda1333 propicec1350 well-willeda1382 well-disposeda1393 well-hearteda1393 well-willinga1393 friendsomea1400 well-willya1400 charitablec1405 well-willed1417 good-heartedc1425 kindlyc1425 honeyed1435 propitious1440 affectuousc1441 willya1449 homelyc1450 benevolous1470 benigned1470 benevolent1482 favourousc1485 well-meaned1488 well-meaning1498 humanec1500 favourablec1503 affectionatea1516 well-mindedc1522 beneficial1526 propiciant1531 benignate1533 well-intendeda1535 beneficious1535 kind-hearted1535 well-given1535 affectioned1539 well-wishing1548 figgy?1549 good-meaning1549 affectedc1553 affectionated1561 well-natured1561 well-affected?1563 officious1565 well-inclined1569 good-natured1582 partial1587 graceful?1593 well-intentioned1598 beneficent1616 candid1633 kindlike1637 benefic1641 kindly-hearted1762 well-meant1765 benignanta1782 sweet-hearted1850 c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 1103 Ȝe weten weyl how benygne my dere sone was. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 353 Charity is benyngne. 1422 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. ii. 30 I. 96 That it please your..Grace of your benigne pitee and grace, to releve and refresh your said pouere Oratour. c1550 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 130 Hee is fair, sober and bening, Sweet, meek, and gentle in all thing. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xiv. §5. 359 It's he alone, euen he, the God beningne, That vs instructs, in euery blessed thing. 1844 E. B. Barrett Drama of Exile in Poems I. 8 As well As the benignest angel of you all. †b. Gentle, meek, humble. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > [adjective] heanc825 daftc1000 edmedec1000 edmodc1000 edmodeda1175 sheepishc1175 deftc1220 edmodi?c1225 lowc1225 humblec1250 beienlichc1275 buxoma1300 meekc1325 benign1377 lowlya1382 contemptiblec1384 pridelessc1395 humil1488 low-down1548 unproud1570 demiss1572 unpuffed1577 afflicted1590 unselfdelicious1605 cottagely1653 unselfvaluing1668 simplified1721 demissivea1763 stateless1844 maiden-meek1847 vanityless1854 patronizable1884 the mind > emotion > calmness > meekness or mildness > [adjective] stillc825 tamec888 mildeOE lithea1000 daftc1000 meekc1325 lambishc1374 meeklyc1375 benign1377 temperatec1380 quieta1382 gall-lessa1398 mansuetea1425 meeta1425 unwrathful1542 rageless1578 lamb-like?1592 mildya1603 milky1602 pigeon-livered1604 placid1614 spleenless?1615 passive1616 unprovokable1646 milken1648 uncaptious1661 stomachless1727 unindignant1789 pianoa1817 ireless1829 unquarrelsome1830 quiet-goinga1835 uncholeric1834 unoffendable1839 baby-milda1845 quiet-tempered1846 turtlish1855 pathic1857 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > gentleness or mildness > [adjective] stillc825 tamec888 nesheOE mildeOE softOE lithea1000 daftc1000 methefulOE sefteOE meekc1175 benign1377 pleasablea1382 mytha1400 tendera1400 unfelona1400 mansuetea1425 meeta1425 gentlec1450 moy1487 placablea1522 facile1539 effeminate1594 silver1596 mildya1603 unmalicious1605 uncruel1611 maliceless1614 tender-hefteda1616 unpersecutive1664 baby-milda1845 rose water1855 turtlish1855 unvindictive1857 soft-boiled1859 tenderful1901 soft-lining1967 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvi. 7 Þe blosmes beth boxome speche and benygne lokynge. c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 287 Thise arn the wordes that the markis sayde To this benigne, verray, feithful mayde. c1440 Gesta Romanorum xci. 419 All men and women..that are lowe, ande meke, ande benigne. 2. Exhibiting or manifesting kindly feeling in look, gesture, or action; bland, gentle, mild. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adjective] > exhibiting kindly feeling benignc1374 open-hearteda1617 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 1753 Benyng he was to eche in general. 1493 Petronylla (Pynson) 5 Benygne of porte, humble of face and chere. 1542 King Henry VIII Declar. Causes Warre Scottis 193 We..gaue..benigne and gentyl audience to suche Ambassadours, as repayred hither. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 229 Benigne, and not blustrous, Against a vanquisht foe. 1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. xiii. 400 Requesens indeed had a more benign and placid countenance than Alva. 1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals i. 58 That when a thief takes your cloak you should thank him, like a benign Quaker, for his kindness. 3. transferred. Of things: Favourable, kind, fortunate, salutary, propitious; esp. in Astrology opposed to malign, malignant, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > advantageous or favourable likinga1387 friendlya1398 sweetc1400 propice1443 favourablec1460 towardly1520 propitious1581 aspectful1611 auspiciousa1616 benigna1631 fautive1667 benevolenta1676 bright1684 the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > benign benefic1601 benigna1631 benevolous1642 benefical1647 sanguine1647 a1631 J. Donne Βιαθανατος (1647) i. i. §4 Those reasons, which are most benigne..ought to have the best acceptation. 1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 34 By concurrence of circumstances, benign to, and corresponding with a vastative event. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 538 So shall the World goe on, To good malignant, to bad men benigne . View more context for this quotation 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xii. 262 The Government of these benign Stars was very short. 1743 H. Fielding Jonathan Wild iii. x, in Misc. III. 259 His affairs had begun to wear a more benign Aspect. 1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xvii. 26 On whose birth benign planets have certainly smiled. 4. Of weather, soil, climate, etc.: Mild, salubrious, genial, kindly. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > conducive to health > of climate benignc1386 kindly1579 salubrious1615 sobera1795 c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 44 fful lusty was the weder and benigne. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 164 Thy air it is nocht holsum nor benyng. 1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 86 The Air becomes more healthful, sweet, and more benigne both to sound and infirm. 1772 T. Pennant Tours Scotl. (1774) 306 He sows his seed, and sees it flourish beneath a benign sun. 1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 209 The climate is benign, even in low marshy neighbourhoods. 5. Medicine. †a. Of medicines: Gentle or mild in operation. Of food: Easily digested. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [adjective] > relating to powers or effects of drugs > mild lithec1400 gentle1534 benign1638 mild1652 unirritant1822 bland1835 soft1959 the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > digestible > easily digested or light lighteOE subtlea1398 convertiblec1400 subtilty1528 slipper1539 well-digesteda1594 benign1638 1638 tr. F. Bacon Hist. Life & Death 158 Celsus..adviseth Interchanging, and Alternation of the Diet, but still with an Inclination to the more Benigne. 1652 J. French York-shire Spaw vi. 64 More benigne purgatives. 1731 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Nature Aliments 77 Those Salts are of a peculiar benign mild Nature. 1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady ii. ix. 208 Aromatick Medicines..encrease their benign, and..hinder their destructive Effects. b. Of diseases: Of a mild type; not malignant. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > mild or curable recoverable1585 schetical1666 mild1684 schetic1706 benign1743 benignant1897 weak1899 avirulent1900 1743 tr. L. Heister Gen. Syst. Surg. I. i. 207 There is little or no difference between them [certain virulent tumours] and the benign sort. 1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 13 Benign Diseases are those in which the appreciable group of phenomena indicates a surely favorable issue. 1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. xiii. 526 Benign tumours are of slow growth. 6. quasi-adv.= benignly adv. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adverb] welleOE blithec1000 blithelyc1000 goodfullya1300 blethelyc1300 milthlyc1300 kindlya1375 benignlyc1380 en-gree14.. homelya1425 benevolently1532 benign1535 obsequiously?1536 kindly1581 kind1592 propitiously1600 kindlily1625 well-meaningly1645 obligingly1646 candidly1650 beneficentlya1717 kindly-like1716 good-naturedly1725 benignantly1791 kindheartedly1803 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 374 Beseikand thame rycht hartlie and benyng, For to ressaue than as thair prince and king This Alpynus. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey III. xiii. 63 His words well-weigh'd, the gen'ral voice approv'd Benign. Draft additions 1993 b. benign neglect, non-interference or neglect as a policy intended to benefit the subject more than continual attention; well-intentioned or beneficial neglect. Originally U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > [noun] > refraining from interference to let alone1608 unmeddlingnessa1656 non-interference1829 to let be1891 benign neglect1970 1970 D. P. Moynihan in N.Y. Times 1 Mar. 69/4 The time may have come when the issue of race could benefit from a period of ‘benign neglect’. 1971 N.Y. Times 27 June ii. 31/6 Black composers and women composers share a heritage of musical subjugation—of malign as well as benign neglect. 1977 Harper's Mag. Jan. 85/2 How we do, and at the same time, do not, think about our children's books, is best reflected by that infuriating form of benign neglect, the roundup review. 1985 Daily Tel. 19 Jan. 16/2 How difficult it is for modern governments—busy, garrulous, interfering bodies—to exercise ‘benign neglect’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1320
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