adaptationn.

Brit.

/ˌadəpˈteɪʃn/,

/ˌadapˈteɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌædæpˈteɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌædəpˈteɪʃ(ə)n/

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French adaptation; Latin adaptation-, adaptatio.

Etymology: < Middle French adaptation (French adaptation ) action of adapting or applying, application, adaptedness (15th cent.), action of adjusting (1561) and its etymon post-classical Latin adaptation-, adaptatio application, action of accommodating one thing to another (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources) < classical Latin adaptāt- , past participial stem of adaptāre adapt v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish adaptaçion (15th cent.). Compare earlier adapt v., and slightly later adapting n., adaption n.

†1. The application of something to a particular end or purpose; the action of applying one thing to another or of bringing two things together so as to effect a change in the nature of the objects. Also: an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > contact, connection, or dealings > bringing into contact or applying

applying?a1425

adaptation1597

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [noun] > putting to a specific use

application1447

appliance1555

appliancy?1556

applyment1561

adaptation1597

applicature1652

applicate1852

devotion1861

1597 tr. R. Bacon Mirror Alchimy 16 As all things haue proceeded from one, by the meditation of one, so all things haue sprung from this one thing by adaptation.

1612 J. Cotta Short Discouerie Dangers Ignorant Practisers Physicke i. vi. 46 Euen the greatest clerkes with this sufficiency prouided, haue not blushed to borrow or learne a good medicine at a simple and vulgar hand, yea from fooles and brute beasts, in their owne more excellent adaptation,..conferring the full and true perfection.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια Pref. 1 Afterward I descend..To Iunction also, Simple and Compound, Simple in Adduction, Adaptation, and the way how to Conteine them so fitted together.

1651 A. Ross Arcana Microcosmi ii. xx. 282 In Bats and such like Animals, it is easily seen what parts are of the bird, what of the beast, which we could not discern if there were a commixtion: it is rather an adaptation then.

1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs (new ed.) 49 Praeparation doth require not only the boylings of the shops, or poundings, but the whole business of Pyrotechny, or art of working by fire: At length adaptation, application, or appropriation requireth a Theory founded in the light of Nature concerning man.

a. The action or process of adapting one thing to fit with another, or suit specified conditions, esp. a new or changed environment, etc.; (also) an instance of this. Usually with to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > [noun]

commodation1578

justing1582

suiting1601

adaptation1610

adapting1610

accommodation1612

adaption1615

adjustment1644

contemperation1654

squaring1702

adaptment1786

adjustage1819

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xviii. lii. 743 They..made a very ingenious adaptation of the one to the other.

1653 E. Waterhouse Humble Apol. Learning 123 More obliged to their Gowns and Calls to practise, then to acquirements by study and Adaptations thereto in regard of Intellectual abilities.

1654 W. Charleton Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana i. v. 51 The facility or difficulty of their reciprocal adaptation.

1670 R. Baxter Life of Faith (new ed.) iii. i. 178 Man is denominated good from his adaptation to the will of God.

1709 S. Browne True Char. Real Christian 196 A perfect Adaptation of his Mind, Temper and Purposes to the great Ends of his Being.

1772 J. Priestley Inst. Relig. I. 32 There are..many adaptations of one thing to another in the system of nature.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. ix. 293 The adaptation of temporary expedients to temporary exigencies.

1881 J. Lubbock in Nature No. 618. 411 Electricity in the year 1831 may be considered to have just been ripe for its adaptation to practical purposes.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 2 Apr. 5/2 The study of mesmerism, hypnotism, and other psychic phenomena and their adaptation to the cure and prevention of disease.

1974 A. Cohen Urban Ethnicity p. xiii Ethnicity..is taken to be a stage in the adaptation of the group to its new environment.

1989 H. J. Vaux in M. D. Bowes & J. V. Krutilla Multiple-use Managem. p. xviii They present many effective adaptations of theory to the particular circumstances of forestry.

2000 N. Kanellos Noche Buena 273 This is why her adaptation to exile followed a very different curve from my father's.

b. Physiology. Originally: †the ability to focus on objects at different distances; = accommodation n. 1d (obsolete). Later: adjustment (of the eye or an observer) to variation in the intensity or colour of light.dark adaptation: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [noun] > light adaptation

adaptation1839

light adaptation1897

photopia1915

1796 Brit. Critic Aug. 134 For the adaptation of the eyes of birds to the view of remote or moderately distant objects, is produced simply by the passive relaxation of the tendinous fibres in the recti muscles.

1839 A. C. Lee Princ. & Pract. Ophthalmic Surg. 80 I conclude, therefore, that the adaptation of the eye to light cooperates with its adaptation to distance.

1868 Lancet 28 Mar. 293/2 That these symptoms were due to impairment of power in the muscular apparatus employed in the adaptation of the eye, was obvious to me; for so long as my eyes were fixed on a given object, the giddiness disappeared.

1881 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Adaptation, the adjustment of the eye to the perception of objects at different distances.

1898 Ophthalmic Rev. 17 55 By means of experiments after adaptation of the eye for dark.

1920 Jrnl. Gen. Physiol. 2 499 The phenomenon of retinal adaptation is one of the most familiar facts of sensory physiology.

1960 R. A. Weale Eye & its Function vii. 110 Chromatic adaptation experiments, in which the eye is exposed continuously to a coloured background of moderate luminance.

2007 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 13 Mar. f7 While it normally takes half an hour for full adaptation to the dark, being in bright sunlight for two or three hours can delay this adaptation by hours.

c. Physiology. Reduction in the response of a sensory receptor to a stimulus which is constant or prolonged.

ΚΠ

1928 E. D. Adrian Basis Sensation v. 99 It is easy to multiply instances of sensations fading owing to the adaptation of the receptors to a constant environment.

1973 Exper. Neurol. 41 384 Adaptation was a frequently occurring phenomenon among tactile and pressure receptors, especially in certain receptive fields.

1999 Los Angeles Mag. Feb. 12/2 One cannot be trained to overcome taste sensory adaptation.

2009 R. A. Rhoades & D. R. Bell Med. Physiol. (ed. 3) iv. 69/2 The phenomenon of adaptation is important in preventing ‘sensory overload’ and allows less important or unchanging environmental stimuli to be partially ignored.

a. The quality or state of being adapted or suitable for a particular use, purpose, or function, or to a particular environment; adaptedness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > [noun]

covenablenessa1382

covenabletec1384

propertya1387

abilitya1398

congruencec1430

conveniencec1430

meetnessc1449

congruencya1513

conveniency1526

congruity1530

familiarity1551

suitableness1594

familiarnessa1617

idoneity1617

connaturalnessa1628

suitability1648

adequateness1650

adaptness1657

competibilitya1660

accommodateness1660

adaptation1663

adaptedness1673

evenliness1674

condecence1678

decorousness1678

feating1682

resemblance1715

idoneousness1727

appropriateness1731

favourableness1775

adaptitude1806

adaptment1831

1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. i. iii. 54 Some curious Artist..knows the use of every Wheel, takes notice of their proportion, contrivance, and adaptation altogether, and of the hidden Springs that move them all.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. i. 2 This adaptation and congruity of these Faculties to their several proper Objects.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 160. ⁋2 The benefit of this adaptation of men to things is not always perceived.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature II. 47 She [sc. Nature] is throughout nothing but adaptation and harmony.

1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. viii. 318 He perceives its adaptation to melt his mind.

1859 C. Darwin in Jrnl. Linn. Soc.: Zool. 3 50 The most vigorous and healthy males, implying perfect adaptation, must generally gain the victory in their contests [for the females].

1876 A. S. Wilkins & E. B. England tr. G. Curtius Princ. Greek Etymol. II. iii. 315 This highest degree of the adaptation of one sound to its neighbouring sound.

1923 J. S. Huxley Ess. Biologist i. 13 If the degree of adaptation has not increased during evolution, then it is clear that progress does not consist in increase in adaptation.

1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 551/1 In total institutions..these [norms] are rigid, detailed and universal, ensuring maximal institutional adaptation.

1998 A. Quinton Hume 52 That well-loved intellectual device of the eighteenth century, which infers the existence of God from evidence of order and of the adaptation of means to ends in nature.

b. An instance of this; a property or feature by which a thing is made suitable for its purpose or situation. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. i. v. 95 [He] shall consider the curious Contrivance of the several Coats, Humors, and other Parts it [sc. the eye] consists of, with all their adaptations and uses.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man ii. i. §3. 10 When we contemplate..the manifest Adaptations and Subserviencies of all these Things to each other.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature III. xii. 364 We possess, notwithstanding, natural adaptations peculiar to ourselves, such as the art of agriculture, and the use of fire.

1837 H. McCormac Philos. Human Nature viii. 51 The human frame however, as the instrument of superior moral and intellectual development, is more elaborate, and endowed with adaptations more numerous, than that of any other creature.

1873 J. J. Murphy Sci. Bases Faith xxv. 358 The organic creation..is full of adaptations of means to purpose: but none of these appear to be ultimate, absolute purposes.

1979 J. R. Moore Post-Darwinian Controv. x. 249 Not once in more than forty years did he question that the order and adaptations of nature testify to the wisdom, power, and goodness of the Creator.

2004 M. Ridley Evolution (ed. 3) x. 256 When God miraculously created the world and its living creatures, he or she miraculously created their adaptations too.

4. An altered or amended version of a text, musical composition, etc., (now esp.) one adapted for filming, broadcasting, or production on the stage from a novel or similar literary source.In recent use frequently modified to specify the medium, as radio, screen adaptation: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > [noun] > arranging

arrangement1849

adaptation1860

transcription1864

intabulation1960

1700 tr. M. Souverain Platonism Unveil'd i. xii. 64/1 Who would not believe..but that these Spies were actually the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost in a human Shape, there being nothing in the Words here to hint the Adaptation and Allegory?

1715 F. Grant Law, Relig., & Educ. i. 110 Either from the Text, or Explanation, or Adaptations thereof, commonly received.

1799 Edinb. Mag. Apr. 254/2 It is very well known that such adaptations are the easiest efforts of genius; and may often be made successfully by those who have none.

1821 New Monthly Mag. 1 554 Agnese, a theatrical adaptation of Mrs. Opie's pathetic tale of the Father and Daughter.

1860 Sat. Rev. No. 250. 181/2 A French play is adapted by A..B either appropriates A's adaptation or makes another.

1860 A. T. Russell Mem. Lancelot Andrewes vii. 128 The King heard divers anthems, probably far superior to the popular adaptations of Mozart, Beethoven and Mendelssohn now in use in our Universities.

1928 Daily Tel. 4 Dec. 8/4 The Kabuki affords freedom for old and favourite plays, for new ones on Western lines, and for adaptations of Western drama.

1941 W. Abbot Handbk. Broadcasting (ed. 2) xxvi. 322 Staff writers prepare commercial continuity, talks, announcements, interviews, special-occasion scripts, original plays, adaptations, and often station publicity.

1996 T. Gracyk Rhythm & Noise i. 6 There have been excellent rock-and-roll adaptations of songs by the Gershwins, Hoagy Carmichael, [etc.].

2004 P. Biskind Down & Dirty Pictures vii. 243 He would write and direct..an adaptation of a difficult and stubbornly uncinematic novel.

5. The action or process of altering, amending, or modifying something, esp. something that has been created for a particular purpose, so that it suitable for a new use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > adaptability to circumstances > [noun]

accommodableness1663

adaptation1787

accommodativeness1834

appliancy1836

adaptivity1840

adaptativeness1841

adaptiveness1863

adjustment1881

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > adaptation > [noun]

transposing1550

adaption1615

alienation1644

suppling1671

adaptation1787

reconfiguration1856

tailoring1943

1787 Whitehall Evening-post 18–20 Oct. Mr. Linley,..pluming himself on his talent for adaptation, perhaps thinks it a matter of little importance to substitute a tragedian as a tenor.

1814 School Good Living 196 Equally skilled in agronomy and gastronomy, in the cultivation of the field or in the adaptation of its produce.

1860 C. Dickens Let. 23 Sept. (1997) IX. 316 There it is, needing no change or adaptation.

1878 C. Parry in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 89 Arrangement, or adaptation, is the musical counterpart of literary translation.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XI. 870/1 The adaptation of the building as a church involved the removal of the inner columns and roof.

1944 Mod. Lang. Jrnl. 28 123 The scenic adaptation of valuable ancient literature is a way of reviving and recelebrating it.

2002 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 31 July t5 Tate Modern's successful adaptation of a disused power plant.

6. A result of a process of adapting or being adapted; an adapted or modified version or form; a modification.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > adaptation > [noun] > something adapted

adaptment1739

adaptation1835

1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 212 This adaptation may be made by varying the comparative speeds of the travelling-holders and the heckle-barrels.

1875 Glasgow Med. Jrnl. Jan. 48 (heading) Adaptations of the laryngoscope and tourniquet.

1910 Encycl. Brit. VI. 749/2 Known to the French as Padoucas, an adaptation of their Sioux name.

1912 Evening News (Ada, Okla.) 30 Dec. 4/4 As a matter of fact, the pegtop skirt is nothing but an adaptation of the pannier.

1988 M. Stewart Quick Cook Menus ii. 27 Peas with pancetta is an adaptation of another Italian recipe.

2000 K. Govier Truth Teller xiii. 340 He affected the slouching, foot-dragging Toronto adaptation of an LA-ghetto walk.

a. Biology. A process of change or modification by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment or ecological niche, or a part of an organism to its biological function, either through phenotypic change in an individual or (esp.) through an evolutionary process effecting change through successive generations. Frequently with to, for.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > adaptation

speciality1835

adaptation1875

maladaptation1877

1875 tr. E. O. Schmidt Doctr. Descent & Darwinism viii. 165 Heredity is the conservative, adaptation, the progressive principle. Yet..many cases of adaptation involve morphological and physiological retrogression.

1897 H. F. Osborn in Science 15 Oct. Ontogenetic adaptation..enables animals and plants to survive very critical changes in their environment.

1904 H. E. Crampton in Biometrika 3 114 A rigid..organization, incapable..of structural alterations as the result of ‘functional adaptation’.

1959 Ecology 40 414/2 The process of adaptation of each species towards the maximal utilization of resources has resulted in innumerable competitive situations.

1982 K. Arms & P. S. Camp Biology (ed. 2) i. 11 The result of natural selection is that populations undergo adaptation, or changes appropriate to their environments, over a period of time.

1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xxiii. 406/1 It is important to emphasize the individual as the basic unit of adaptation, since natural selection operates primarily at the level of the individual.

b. An instance of this; an adaptive feature; a phenotypic or (esp.) evolutionary modification.In earlier use not clearly distinct from sense 3b.

ΚΠ

1892 G. J. Romanes Darwin & After I. 275 We cannot speak of adaptations as due to natural selection, without thereby affirming that they present what I have termed elsewhere a ‘selection value’.

1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xxii. 451 The animal body is always heavier than water, unless it has special adaptations such as oil-drops, air-bladders, etc., which will enable it to float.

1960 New Scientist 26 May 1367/1 Stable species of animals have stable and uniform species of behaviour... Like other adaptations they are genetically determined.

2004 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Dec. 67/1 Among modern animals, proportionately large eyes tend to be an adaptation for living in low light conditions.

Compounds

adaptation product n. Physiology disused rare any substance produced in the body in response to immunization.

ΚΠ

1903 Med. Rec. (N.Y.) 14 Feb. 293 Table showing various forms of adaptation products, with their relationships and synonyms.... Antitoxins... Cytolysins... Agglutinins [etc.].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	adaptation
释义	adaptationn. Brit. /ˌadəpˈteɪʃn/, /ˌadapˈteɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌædæpˈteɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌædəpˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French adaptation; Latin adaptation-, adaptatio. Etymology: < Middle French adaptation (French adaptation ) action of adapting or applying, application, adaptedness (15th cent.), action of adjusting (1561) and its etymon post-classical Latin adaptation-, adaptatio application, action of accommodating one thing to another (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources) < classical Latin adaptāt- , past participial stem of adaptāre adapt v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish adaptaçion (15th cent.). Compare earlier adapt v., and slightly later adapting n., adaption n. †1. The application of something to a particular end or purpose; the action of applying one thing to another or of bringing two things together so as to effect a change in the nature of the objects. Also: an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > contact, connection, or dealings > bringing into contact or applying applying?a1425 adaptation1597 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [noun] > putting to a specific use application1447 appliance1555 appliancy?1556 applyment1561 adaptation1597 applicature1652 applicate1852 devotion1861 1597 tr. R. Bacon Mirror Alchimy 16 As all things haue proceeded from one, by the meditation of one, so all things haue sprung from this one thing by adaptation. 1612 J. Cotta Short Discouerie Dangers Ignorant Practisers Physicke i. vi. 46 Euen the greatest clerkes with this sufficiency prouided, haue not blushed to borrow or learne a good medicine at a simple and vulgar hand, yea from fooles and brute beasts, in their owne more excellent adaptation,..conferring the full and true perfection. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια Pref. 1 Afterward I descend..To Iunction also, Simple and Compound, Simple in Adduction, Adaptation, and the way how to Conteine them so fitted together. 1651 A. Ross Arcana Microcosmi ii. xx. 282 In Bats and such like Animals, it is easily seen what parts are of the bird, what of the beast, which we could not discern if there were a commixtion: it is rather an adaptation then. 1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs (new ed.) 49 Praeparation doth require not only the boylings of the shops, or poundings, but the whole business of Pyrotechny, or art of working by fire: At length adaptation, application, or appropriation requireth a Theory founded in the light of Nature concerning man. 2. a. The action or process of adapting one thing to fit with another, or suit specified conditions, esp. a new or changed environment, etc.; (also) an instance of this. Usually with to. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > [noun] commodation1578 justing1582 suiting1601 adaptation1610 adapting1610 accommodation1612 adaption1615 adjustment1644 contemperation1654 squaring1702 adaptment1786 adjustage1819 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xviii. lii. 743 They..made a very ingenious adaptation of the one to the other. 1653 E. Waterhouse Humble Apol. Learning 123 More obliged to their Gowns and Calls to practise, then to acquirements by study and Adaptations thereto in regard of Intellectual abilities. 1654 W. Charleton Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana i. v. 51 The facility or difficulty of their reciprocal adaptation. 1670 R. Baxter Life of Faith (new ed.) iii. i. 178 Man is denominated good from his adaptation to the will of God. 1709 S. Browne True Char. Real Christian 196 A perfect Adaptation of his Mind, Temper and Purposes to the great Ends of his Being. 1772 J. Priestley Inst. Relig. I. 32 There are..many adaptations of one thing to another in the system of nature. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. ix. 293 The adaptation of temporary expedients to temporary exigencies. 1881 J. Lubbock in Nature No. 618. 411 Electricity in the year 1831 may be considered to have just been ripe for its adaptation to practical purposes. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 2 Apr. 5/2 The study of mesmerism, hypnotism, and other psychic phenomena and their adaptation to the cure and prevention of disease. 1974 A. Cohen Urban Ethnicity p. xiii Ethnicity..is taken to be a stage in the adaptation of the group to its new environment. 1989 H. J. Vaux in M. D. Bowes & J. V. Krutilla Multiple-use Managem. p. xviii They present many effective adaptations of theory to the particular circumstances of forestry. 2000 N. Kanellos Noche Buena 273 This is why her adaptation to exile followed a very different curve from my father's. b. Physiology. Originally: †the ability to focus on objects at different distances; = accommodation n. 1d (obsolete). Later: adjustment (of the eye or an observer) to variation in the intensity or colour of light.dark adaptation: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [noun] > light adaptation adaptation1839 light adaptation1897 photopia1915 1796 Brit. Critic Aug. 134 For the adaptation of the eyes of birds to the view of remote or moderately distant objects, is produced simply by the passive relaxation of the tendinous fibres in the recti muscles. 1839 A. C. Lee Princ. & Pract. Ophthalmic Surg. 80 I conclude, therefore, that the adaptation of the eye to light cooperates with its adaptation to distance. 1868 Lancet 28 Mar. 293/2 That these symptoms were due to impairment of power in the muscular apparatus employed in the adaptation of the eye, was obvious to me; for so long as my eyes were fixed on a given object, the giddiness disappeared. 1881 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Adaptation, the adjustment of the eye to the perception of objects at different distances. 1898 Ophthalmic Rev. 17 55 By means of experiments after adaptation of the eye for dark. 1920 Jrnl. Gen. Physiol. 2 499 The phenomenon of retinal adaptation is one of the most familiar facts of sensory physiology. 1960 R. A. Weale Eye & its Function vii. 110 Chromatic adaptation experiments, in which the eye is exposed continuously to a coloured background of moderate luminance. 2007 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 13 Mar. f7 While it normally takes half an hour for full adaptation to the dark, being in bright sunlight for two or three hours can delay this adaptation by hours. c. Physiology. Reduction in the response of a sensory receptor to a stimulus which is constant or prolonged. ΚΠ 1928 E. D. Adrian Basis Sensation v. 99 It is easy to multiply instances of sensations fading owing to the adaptation of the receptors to a constant environment. 1973 Exper. Neurol. 41 384 Adaptation was a frequently occurring phenomenon among tactile and pressure receptors, especially in certain receptive fields. 1999 Los Angeles Mag. Feb. 12/2 One cannot be trained to overcome taste sensory adaptation. 2009 R. A. Rhoades & D. R. Bell Med. Physiol. (ed. 3) iv. 69/2 The phenomenon of adaptation is important in preventing ‘sensory overload’ and allows less important or unchanging environmental stimuli to be partially ignored. 3. a. The quality or state of being adapted or suitable for a particular use, purpose, or function, or to a particular environment; adaptedness. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > [noun] covenablenessa1382 covenabletec1384 propertya1387 abilitya1398 congruencec1430 conveniencec1430 meetnessc1449 congruencya1513 conveniency1526 congruity1530 familiarity1551 suitableness1594 familiarnessa1617 idoneity1617 connaturalnessa1628 suitability1648 adequateness1650 adaptness1657 competibilitya1660 accommodateness1660 adaptation1663 adaptedness1673 evenliness1674 condecence1678 decorousness1678 feating1682 resemblance1715 idoneousness1727 appropriateness1731 favourableness1775 adaptitude1806 adaptment1831 1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. i. iii. 54 Some curious Artist..knows the use of every Wheel, takes notice of their proportion, contrivance, and adaptation altogether, and of the hidden Springs that move them all. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. i. 2 This adaptation and congruity of these Faculties to their several proper Objects. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 160. ⁋2 The benefit of this adaptation of men to things is not always perceived. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature II. 47 She [sc. Nature] is throughout nothing but adaptation and harmony. 1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. viii. 318 He perceives its adaptation to melt his mind. 1859 C. Darwin in Jrnl. Linn. Soc.: Zool. 3 50 The most vigorous and healthy males, implying perfect adaptation, must generally gain the victory in their contests [for the females]. 1876 A. S. Wilkins & E. B. England tr. G. Curtius Princ. Greek Etymol. II. iii. 315 This highest degree of the adaptation of one sound to its neighbouring sound. 1923 J. S. Huxley Ess. Biologist i. 13 If the degree of adaptation has not increased during evolution, then it is clear that progress does not consist in increase in adaptation. 1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 551/1 In total institutions..these [norms] are rigid, detailed and universal, ensuring maximal institutional adaptation. 1998 A. Quinton Hume 52 That well-loved intellectual device of the eighteenth century, which infers the existence of God from evidence of order and of the adaptation of means to ends in nature. b. An instance of this; a property or feature by which a thing is made suitable for its purpose or situation. Now rare. ΚΠ 1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. i. v. 95 [He] shall consider the curious Contrivance of the several Coats, Humors, and other Parts it [sc. the eye] consists of, with all their adaptations and uses. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man ii. i. §3. 10 When we contemplate..the manifest Adaptations and Subserviencies of all these Things to each other. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature III. xii. 364 We possess, notwithstanding, natural adaptations peculiar to ourselves, such as the art of agriculture, and the use of fire. 1837 H. McCormac Philos. Human Nature viii. 51 The human frame however, as the instrument of superior moral and intellectual development, is more elaborate, and endowed with adaptations more numerous, than that of any other creature. 1873 J. J. Murphy Sci. Bases Faith xxv. 358 The organic creation..is full of adaptations of means to purpose: but none of these appear to be ultimate, absolute purposes. 1979 J. R. Moore Post-Darwinian Controv. x. 249 Not once in more than forty years did he question that the order and adaptations of nature testify to the wisdom, power, and goodness of the Creator. 2004 M. Ridley Evolution (ed. 3) x. 256 When God miraculously created the world and its living creatures, he or she miraculously created their adaptations too. 4. An altered or amended version of a text, musical composition, etc., (now esp.) one adapted for filming, broadcasting, or production on the stage from a novel or similar literary source.In recent use frequently modified to specify the medium, as radio, screen adaptation: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > [noun] > arranging arrangement1849 adaptation1860 transcription1864 intabulation1960 1700 tr. M. Souverain Platonism Unveil'd i. xii. 64/1 Who would not believe..but that these Spies were actually the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost in a human Shape, there being nothing in the Words here to hint the Adaptation and Allegory? 1715 F. Grant Law, Relig., & Educ. i. 110 Either from the Text, or Explanation, or Adaptations thereof, commonly received. 1799 Edinb. Mag. Apr. 254/2 It is very well known that such adaptations are the easiest efforts of genius; and may often be made successfully by those who have none. 1821 New Monthly Mag. 1 554 Agnese, a theatrical adaptation of Mrs. Opie's pathetic tale of the Father and Daughter. 1860 Sat. Rev. No. 250. 181/2 A French play is adapted by A..B either appropriates A's adaptation or makes another. 1860 A. T. Russell Mem. Lancelot Andrewes vii. 128 The King heard divers anthems, probably far superior to the popular adaptations of Mozart, Beethoven and Mendelssohn now in use in our Universities. 1928 Daily Tel. 4 Dec. 8/4 The Kabuki affords freedom for old and favourite plays, for new ones on Western lines, and for adaptations of Western drama. 1941 W. Abbot Handbk. Broadcasting (ed. 2) xxvi. 322 Staff writers prepare commercial continuity, talks, announcements, interviews, special-occasion scripts, original plays, adaptations, and often station publicity. 1996 T. Gracyk Rhythm & Noise i. 6 There have been excellent rock-and-roll adaptations of songs by the Gershwins, Hoagy Carmichael, [etc.]. 2004 P. Biskind Down & Dirty Pictures vii. 243 He would write and direct..an adaptation of a difficult and stubbornly uncinematic novel. 5. The action or process of altering, amending, or modifying something, esp. something that has been created for a particular purpose, so that it suitable for a new use. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > adaptability to circumstances > [noun] accommodableness1663 adaptation1787 accommodativeness1834 appliancy1836 adaptivity1840 adaptativeness1841 adaptiveness1863 adjustment1881 the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > adaptation > [noun] transposing1550 adaption1615 alienation1644 suppling1671 adaptation1787 reconfiguration1856 tailoring1943 1787 Whitehall Evening-post 18–20 Oct. Mr. Linley,..pluming himself on his talent for adaptation, perhaps thinks it a matter of little importance to substitute a tragedian as a tenor. 1814 School Good Living 196 Equally skilled in agronomy and gastronomy, in the cultivation of the field or in the adaptation of its produce. 1860 C. Dickens Let. 23 Sept. (1997) IX. 316 There it is, needing no change or adaptation. 1878 C. Parry in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 89 Arrangement, or adaptation, is the musical counterpart of literary translation. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XI. 870/1 The adaptation of the building as a church involved the removal of the inner columns and roof. 1944 Mod. Lang. Jrnl. 28 123 The scenic adaptation of valuable ancient literature is a way of reviving and recelebrating it. 2002 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 31 July t5 Tate Modern's successful adaptation of a disused power plant. 6. A result of a process of adapting or being adapted; an adapted or modified version or form; a modification. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > adaptation > [noun] > something adapted adaptment1739 adaptation1835 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 212 This adaptation may be made by varying the comparative speeds of the travelling-holders and the heckle-barrels. 1875 Glasgow Med. Jrnl. Jan. 48 (heading) Adaptations of the laryngoscope and tourniquet. 1910 Encycl. Brit. VI. 749/2 Known to the French as Padoucas, an adaptation of their Sioux name. 1912 Evening News (Ada, Okla.) 30 Dec. 4/4 As a matter of fact, the pegtop skirt is nothing but an adaptation of the pannier. 1988 M. Stewart Quick Cook Menus ii. 27 Peas with pancetta is an adaptation of another Italian recipe. 2000 K. Govier Truth Teller xiii. 340 He affected the slouching, foot-dragging Toronto adaptation of an LA-ghetto walk. 7. a. Biology. A process of change or modification by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment or ecological niche, or a part of an organism to its biological function, either through phenotypic change in an individual or (esp.) through an evolutionary process effecting change through successive generations. Frequently with to, for. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > adaptation speciality1835 adaptation1875 maladaptation1877 1875 tr. E. O. Schmidt Doctr. Descent & Darwinism viii. 165 Heredity is the conservative, adaptation, the progressive principle. Yet..many cases of adaptation involve morphological and physiological retrogression. 1897 H. F. Osborn in Science 15 Oct. Ontogenetic adaptation..enables animals and plants to survive very critical changes in their environment. 1904 H. E. Crampton in Biometrika 3 114 A rigid..organization, incapable..of structural alterations as the result of ‘functional adaptation’. 1959 Ecology 40 414/2 The process of adaptation of each species towards the maximal utilization of resources has resulted in innumerable competitive situations. 1982 K. Arms & P. S. Camp Biology (ed. 2) i. 11 The result of natural selection is that populations undergo adaptation, or changes appropriate to their environments, over a period of time. 1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xxiii. 406/1 It is important to emphasize the individual as the basic unit of adaptation, since natural selection operates primarily at the level of the individual. b. An instance of this; an adaptive feature; a phenotypic or (esp.) evolutionary modification.In earlier use not clearly distinct from sense 3b. ΚΠ 1892 G. J. Romanes Darwin & After I. 275 We cannot speak of adaptations as due to natural selection, without thereby affirming that they present what I have termed elsewhere a ‘selection value’. 1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xxii. 451 The animal body is always heavier than water, unless it has special adaptations such as oil-drops, air-bladders, etc., which will enable it to float. 1960 New Scientist 26 May 1367/1 Stable species of animals have stable and uniform species of behaviour... Like other adaptations they are genetically determined. 2004 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Dec. 67/1 Among modern animals, proportionately large eyes tend to be an adaptation for living in low light conditions. Compounds adaptation product n. Physiology disused rare any substance produced in the body in response to immunization. ΚΠ 1903 Med. Rec. (N.Y.) 14 Feb. 293 Table showing various forms of adaptation products, with their relationships and synonyms.... Antitoxins... Cytolysins... Agglutinins [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1597
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