quandaryn.

Brit.

/ˈkwɒnd(ə)ri/, U.S.

/ˈkwɑnd(ə)ri/

Forms: 1500s quandare, 1500s quandarye, 1500s–1600s quandarie, 1500s– quandary, 1600s–1800s quondary, 1600s– quandery (now nonstandard), 1700s quandiary, 1700s (1900s– nonstandard) quandry, 1800s quanderry, 1800s– quandhary (English regional (Yorkshire)).

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown. Various etymologies have been suggested, all of them implausible. Perhaps compare conundrum n.A recurrent suggestion is that the word is an alteration of some post-classical Latin term, arising (perhaps humorously) in scholastic or university use. This is not impossible (compare conundrum n., which also appears to show Latin influence, although both its etymology and its relationship with quandary n. are unclear), but no convincing concrete Latin etymons have yet been suggested. However, the following quot. shows that the word was at least apprehended as Latin at an early date:1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie xvii. 111 In Latin words, or of a Latin form, where theie be vsed English like, as, certiorare, quandare, where e, soundeth full and brode after the originall Latin. Some of the more fanciful suggestions are: that the word derives < French qu'en dirai-je ‘what shall I say of it?’; that it is an alteration of wandreth n. or its Scandinavian etymon; or that it is shortened < hypochondry at hypochondria n. α. forms. All of these present obvious difficulties, whether semantically, phonologically, or chronologically, not the least of which is the fact that that the word was originally stressed on the second syllable (see below). A further ingenious suggestion was made by L. Spitzer in various articles, notably in Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. (1948) 42 405–9 and Mod. Lang. Notes (1949) 64 502–4, where he argued for a French origin of the word, proposing an (unattested) earlier form of calambredaine (colloquial) nonsense, twaddle, balderdash (1798; of uncertain origin) as common etymon of both quandary n. and conundrum n., and perhaps even of kankedort n. (which is attested much earlier). N.E.D. (1908) also indicates a former pronunciation (kwǫ̆·ndări) /kwənˈdɛərɪ/ with stress on the second syllable. This pronunciation is illustrated by quots. 1652 and a1720, and is also recommended by such late 18th-cent. and early 19th-cent. lexicographers as Sheridan, Walker, Perry, and Smart. However, the stress gradually shifted to the first syllable of the word (it has been suggested that the stress shift took place in the 18th cent., though the existence of the spelling quandery as early as the 17th cent. perhaps suggests earlier currency of this stress pattern). ˈQuandary is given as the usual pronunciation of the word by as early a source as Johnson (1755). Subsequently, many 19th-cent. and early 20th-cent. dictionaries record both possibilities; it is only in the later 20th cent. that the first-syllable stress came to predominate (the shift in attitudes is clearly seen in the various editions of H. W. Fowler Mod. Eng. Usage). The nonstandard spelling quandry shows elision of the unstressed vowel.

A state of extreme perplexity or uncertainty as to what to do; a difficult dilemma. Formerly also: †a precarious or awkward situation (obsolete). Frequently in in a quandary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [noun] > difficulty or perplexity

disjointc1374

dulcarnona1413

perplexitive1465

disjunct1553

quandary?1576

dilemma1590

distraction1602

trilemma1672

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > state of uncertainty, suspense > [noun] > dilemma

a cleft stick1574

quandary?1576

dilemma1590

crotch1622

Morton's Fork1964

?1576 Common Condicions sig. Gii^v I stand in such a quandary that I would giue my life for two pence.

c1576 T. Whythorne Autobiogr. (1961) 191 Her inkonstansi and breach of promis, which hath brouht her in to A quandare.

1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 53 You set the prelats in such a quandare, as they shal not know wher to stand.

1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle i. sig. C1 Much I feare, forsaking of my diet, Will bring me presently to that quandary, I shall bid all adeiw.

1652 C. B. Stapylton tr. Herodian Imperiall Hist. xvi. 135 The Nobles, Gentry, Souldiers in quandaries..To Turret tops he fetches more Vagaries.

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xvi. 133 He was in this sad quandary and sollicitous pensiveness.

a1720 J. Sheffield Wks. (1729) I. 201 Apollo now driv'n to a cursed Quandary was wishing for Swift, or for fam'd Lady Mary.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. ii. 8 Thof he be sometimes thrown into perilous passions and quandaries.

1804 J. Austen Let. 14 Sept. (1995) 93 My mother is at this moment reading a letter from my Aunt. Yours to Miss Irvine..has thrown them into a quandary about Charles & his prospects.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 220 Now I was in a great quandary at having to answer this question.

1898 Argosy July 715 Dorothy gazed into the grave faces about her and read in them the quandary.

1932 D. Lindsay Devil's Tor (2002) 129 It put me in a quandary. Ought I to rouse him..or ought I to leave him to come round naturally.

1972 T. Keneally Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith x. 95 Jimmie Blacksmith's mind itched with the quandary: whether to inform and free Mort or to corrupt and possess him.

1989 C. Laird Shadow of Wall vi. 37 He paced up and down..acutely aware of his young charge's quandary.

2004 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 13 June x. 30/2 Knowing when and when not to serve customers is always a moral quandary for a bartender.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

quandaryv.

Brit.

/ˈkwɒnd(ə)ri/, U.S.

/ˈkwɑnd(ə)ri/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: quandary n.

Etymology: < quandary n.

rare.

†1. intransitive. To be in doubt whether to do something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > be or become confused [verb (intransitive)]

wonder1297

confusec1350

maskera1375

studya1375

to annoy of?c1400

muse?c1430

marc1440

manga1450

puzzle1605

dunce1611

quandary1616

wavera1625

wilder1658

to scratch one's head1712

maffle1781

to strike up1844

turn1852

to fall over oneself1889

fuzz1930

to get the lines crossed1973

1616 T. Adams Dis. Soule 71 He quandaries, whether to go forward to God, or with Demas to turne back to the world.

2. transitive (in passive). To be perplexed, to be put into a quandary.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > confuse, perplex, bewilder [verb (transitive)] > nonplus

stagger1556

gravel1566

set1577

trump1586

bumbaze1587

puzzlec1595

ground1597

stunt1603

nonplus1605

pose1605

stumble1605

buzzard1624

quandary1681

bamboozle1712

hobble1762

stump1807

have1816

floor1830

flummox1837

stick1851

get1868

to stick up1897

buffalo1903

1681 T. Otway Souldiers Fortune iii. i. 34 Methinks I am quandari'd like one going with a party to discover the Enemies Camp; but had lost his guide upon the mountains.

1794 W. B. Stevens Let. 19 Nov. in Jrnl. (1965) 206 Your Grandfather's sentiments are so far come round that he seems to be quandaryed (that's not a dictionary word I believe) and wishes for Peace.

1850 B. B. Foster Diary 2 Mar. in Down East Diary (1975) 267 If he aspires no higher than the company of his profession, he is written down one of them, and if he does aspire beyond, they in turn become jealous and censorious. So he is quandaried.

2007 www.rolandmc.com 23 Feb. (O.E.D. Archives) I'm seriously quandaried by the need to create and choose a MySpace name.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	quandary
释义	quandaryn. Brit. /ˈkwɒnd(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈkwɑnd(ə)ri/ Forms: 1500s quandare, 1500s quandarye, 1500s–1600s quandarie, 1500s– quandary, 1600s–1800s quondary, 1600s– quandery (now nonstandard), 1700s quandiary, 1700s (1900s– nonstandard) quandry, 1800s quanderry, 1800s– quandhary (English regional (Yorkshire)). Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Various etymologies have been suggested, all of them implausible. Perhaps compare conundrum n.A recurrent suggestion is that the word is an alteration of some post-classical Latin term, arising (perhaps humorously) in scholastic or university use. This is not impossible (compare conundrum n., which also appears to show Latin influence, although both its etymology and its relationship with quandary n. are unclear), but no convincing concrete Latin etymons have yet been suggested. However, the following quot. shows that the word was at least apprehended as Latin at an early date:1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie xvii. 111 In Latin words, or of a Latin form, where theie be vsed English like, as, certiorare, quandare, where e, soundeth full and brode after the originall Latin. Some of the more fanciful suggestions are: that the word derives < French qu'en dirai-je ‘what shall I say of it?’; that it is an alteration of wandreth n. or its Scandinavian etymon; or that it is shortened < hypochondry at hypochondria n. α. forms. All of these present obvious difficulties, whether semantically, phonologically, or chronologically, not the least of which is the fact that that the word was originally stressed on the second syllable (see below). A further ingenious suggestion was made by L. Spitzer in various articles, notably in Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. (1948) 42 405–9 and Mod. Lang. Notes (1949) 64 502–4, where he argued for a French origin of the word, proposing an (unattested) earlier form of calambredaine (colloquial) nonsense, twaddle, balderdash (1798; of uncertain origin) as common etymon of both quandary n. and conundrum n., and perhaps even of kankedort n. (which is attested much earlier). N.E.D. (1908) also indicates a former pronunciation (kwǫ̆·ndări) /kwənˈdɛərɪ/ with stress on the second syllable. This pronunciation is illustrated by quots. 1652 and a1720, and is also recommended by such late 18th-cent. and early 19th-cent. lexicographers as Sheridan, Walker, Perry, and Smart. However, the stress gradually shifted to the first syllable of the word (it has been suggested that the stress shift took place in the 18th cent., though the existence of the spelling quandery as early as the 17th cent. perhaps suggests earlier currency of this stress pattern). ˈQuandary is given as the usual pronunciation of the word by as early a source as Johnson (1755). Subsequently, many 19th-cent. and early 20th-cent. dictionaries record both possibilities; it is only in the later 20th cent. that the first-syllable stress came to predominate (the shift in attitudes is clearly seen in the various editions of H. W. Fowler Mod. Eng. Usage). The nonstandard spelling quandry shows elision of the unstressed vowel. A state of extreme perplexity or uncertainty as to what to do; a difficult dilemma. Formerly also: †a precarious or awkward situation (obsolete). Frequently in in a quandary. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [noun] > difficulty or perplexity disjointc1374 dulcarnona1413 perplexitive1465 disjunct1553 quandary?1576 dilemma1590 distraction1602 trilemma1672 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > state of uncertainty, suspense > [noun] > dilemma a cleft stick1574 quandary?1576 dilemma1590 crotch1622 Morton's Fork1964 ?1576 Common Condicions sig. Gii^v I stand in such a quandary that I would giue my life for two pence. c1576 T. Whythorne Autobiogr. (1961) 191 Her inkonstansi and breach of promis, which hath brouht her in to A quandare. 1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 53 You set the prelats in such a quandare, as they shal not know wher to stand. 1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle i. sig. C1 Much I feare, forsaking of my diet, Will bring me presently to that quandary, I shall bid all adeiw. 1652 C. B. Stapylton tr. Herodian Imperiall Hist. xvi. 135 The Nobles, Gentry, Souldiers in quandaries..To Turret tops he fetches more Vagaries. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xvi. 133 He was in this sad quandary and sollicitous pensiveness. a1720 J. Sheffield Wks. (1729) I. 201 Apollo now driv'n to a cursed Quandary was wishing for Swift, or for fam'd Lady Mary. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. ii. 8 Thof he be sometimes thrown into perilous passions and quandaries. 1804 J. Austen Let. 14 Sept. (1995) 93 My mother is at this moment reading a letter from my Aunt. Yours to Miss Irvine..has thrown them into a quandary about Charles & his prospects. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 220 Now I was in a great quandary at having to answer this question. 1898 Argosy July 715 Dorothy gazed into the grave faces about her and read in them the quandary. 1932 D. Lindsay Devil's Tor (2002) 129 It put me in a quandary. Ought I to rouse him..or ought I to leave him to come round naturally. 1972 T. Keneally Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith x. 95 Jimmie Blacksmith's mind itched with the quandary: whether to inform and free Mort or to corrupt and possess him. 1989 C. Laird Shadow of Wall vi. 37 He paced up and down..acutely aware of his young charge's quandary. 2004 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 13 June x. 30/2 Knowing when and when not to serve customers is always a moral quandary for a bartender. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). quandaryv. Brit. /ˈkwɒnd(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈkwɑnd(ə)ri/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: quandary n. Etymology: < quandary n. rare. †1. intransitive. To be in doubt whether to do something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > be or become confused [verb (intransitive)] wonder1297 confusec1350 maskera1375 studya1375 to annoy of?c1400 muse?c1430 marc1440 manga1450 puzzle1605 dunce1611 quandary1616 wavera1625 wilder1658 to scratch one's head1712 maffle1781 to strike up1844 turn1852 to fall over oneself1889 fuzz1930 to get the lines crossed1973 1616 T. Adams Dis. Soule 71 He quandaries, whether to go forward to God, or with Demas to turne back to the world. 2. transitive (in passive). To be perplexed, to be put into a quandary. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > confuse, perplex, bewilder [verb (transitive)] > nonplus stagger1556 gravel1566 set1577 trump1586 bumbaze1587 puzzlec1595 ground1597 stunt1603 nonplus1605 pose1605 stumble1605 buzzard1624 quandary1681 bamboozle1712 hobble1762 stump1807 have1816 floor1830 flummox1837 stick1851 get1868 to stick up1897 buffalo1903 1681 T. Otway Souldiers Fortune iii. i. 34 Methinks I am quandari'd like one going with a party to discover the Enemies Camp; but had lost his guide upon the mountains. 1794 W. B. Stevens Let. 19 Nov. in Jrnl. (1965) 206 Your Grandfather's sentiments are so far come round that he seems to be quandaryed (that's not a dictionary word I believe) and wishes for Peace. 1850 B. B. Foster Diary 2 Mar. in Down East Diary (1975) 267 If he aspires no higher than the company of his profession, he is written down one of them, and if he does aspire beyond, they in turn become jealous and censorious. So he is quandaried. 2007 www.rolandmc.com 23 Feb. (O.E.D. Archives) I'm seriously quandaried by the need to create and choose a MySpace name. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1576v.1616
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