pycnostylen.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpɪknəʊstʌɪl/, U.S.

/ˈpɪknoʊˌstaɪl/

Forms: 1700s pychnostyle (irregular), 1700s– pycnostyle.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pycnostyle; Latin pycnostȳlos.

Etymology: < French pycnostyle building having a distance between adjacent columns equal to one and a half times the diameter of a column (1673 (in a translation of Vitruvius) or earlier) or its etymon classical Latin pycnostȳlos (of a building) having a distance between adjacent columns equal to one and a half times the diameter of a column (Vitruvius) < ancient Greek πυκνο- pycno- comb. form + στῦλος column (see styloid adj.).For earlier unassimilated borrowing of classical Latin pycnostȳlos (in quot. 1663 apparently showing a transmission error for pycnostylos) compare:1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Fi^v Picnostylos whose..pillers standeth distant from echeother a Diameter, & a halfe or .2. at y^e furdest.1663 tr. Vitruvius in W. Charleton Chorea Gigantum 26 The Pycnostyles [L. Pycnostylos] is that, where the Intercolumnium, or Intervall, is equal to the thickness, and half the thickness of the Column it self.

Architecture.

A. n.

A building, esp. one of classical or neoclassical design, having a row of columns placed close together, typically so that the distance between adjacent columns is equal to one and a half times the diameter of a column. Also: this style or arrangement.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > columned structure > structure with specific arrangement of columns

diastyle1563

portico1607

porticus1617

peripterosa1652

systyle1664

pseudoperipter1692

monopter1696

peripter1696

pycnostylea1706

amphiprostyle1706

araeostyle1706

dipteros1706

monopteros1706

pseudoperipteros1706

periptery1708

tambour1823

monopteral1845

a1706 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. (1707) 30 The rest [of the columns]..placed as the Pycnostyle closer to one another.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Pycnostyle, or Pychnostyle,..a Building where the Columns stand very close to one another.

1740 W. Stukeley Stonehenge iii. 16 To talk of pycnostyle with Mr. Webb, and call these stones of ours pillars or pillasters..is monstrous.

1849 E. A. Freeman Hist. Archit. 319 The wide intercolumniations of the later Grecian edifices probably came nearer to the primitive model than the old Doric pycnostyle.

1959 D. S. Robertson Handbk. Greek & Rom. Archit. (ed. 2) x. 154 The height of the columns in eustyle is the same as that in systyle, namely nine and a half lower diameters, pycnostyle having ten, diastyle, eight and a half.

2002 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 61 285/2 The intercolumniations..are a hybrid of the pycnostyle (one and a half diameters) and the systyle.

B. adj.

Having or designating such an arrangement of columns.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [adjective] > unit of proportion based on column diameter > specific spacing of columns

systyle1563

eustyle1696

pycnostyle1738

monotriglyph1797

araeosystyle1834

ditriglyphic1837

monotriglyphic1837

1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) at Hypæthros Of hypæthrons, some were decastyle, others pycnostyle.

?1787 Artist's Repository & Drawing Mag. 2 181 Pycnostyle intercolumniations are distant from column to column one diameter and a half of the column measured at bottom.

1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 315/2 Within the court the colonnades were pycnostyle.

1896 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. & Hist. Fine Art 11 128 The pteron was surrounded by 36 columns of rather low proportion, and arranged in pycnostyle order, to provide for the exceptional weight of the pyramidal roof.

1926 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 30 267 The prominent Ionic temples in Asia Minor cluster thickly between pycnostyle and systyle and are neither clearly the one nor the other.

1979 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 69 216 As for the pycnostyle Augustan exteriors, the larger a temple, the closer, relatively, the spacing of its columns.

1999 J. S. Curl Dict. Archit. 334/2 Vitruvius described its [sc. intercolumniation's] commonest varieties: 1½d: pycnostyle..2d: systyle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pycnostyle
释义	pycnostylen.adj. Brit. /ˈpɪknəʊstʌɪl/, U.S. /ˈpɪknoʊˌstaɪl/ Forms: 1700s pychnostyle (irregular), 1700s– pycnostyle. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pycnostyle; Latin pycnostȳlos. Etymology: < French pycnostyle building having a distance between adjacent columns equal to one and a half times the diameter of a column (1673 (in a translation of Vitruvius) or earlier) or its etymon classical Latin pycnostȳlos (of a building) having a distance between adjacent columns equal to one and a half times the diameter of a column (Vitruvius) < ancient Greek πυκνο- pycno- comb. form + στῦλος column (see styloid adj.).For earlier unassimilated borrowing of classical Latin pycnostȳlos (in quot. 1663 apparently showing a transmission error for pycnostylos) compare:1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Fi^v Picnostylos whose..pillers standeth distant from echeother a Diameter, & a halfe or .2. at y^e furdest.1663 tr. Vitruvius in W. Charleton Chorea Gigantum 26 The Pycnostyles [L. Pycnostylos] is that, where the Intercolumnium, or Intervall, is equal to the thickness, and half the thickness of the Column it self. Architecture. A. n. A building, esp. one of classical or neoclassical design, having a row of columns placed close together, typically so that the distance between adjacent columns is equal to one and a half times the diameter of a column. Also: this style or arrangement. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > columned structure > structure with specific arrangement of columns diastyle1563 portico1607 porticus1617 peripterosa1652 systyle1664 pseudoperipter1692 monopter1696 peripter1696 pycnostylea1706 amphiprostyle1706 araeostyle1706 dipteros1706 monopteros1706 pseudoperipteros1706 periptery1708 tambour1823 monopteral1845 a1706 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. (1707) 30 The rest [of the columns]..placed as the Pycnostyle closer to one another. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Pycnostyle, or Pychnostyle,..a Building where the Columns stand very close to one another. 1740 W. Stukeley Stonehenge iii. 16 To talk of pycnostyle with Mr. Webb, and call these stones of ours pillars or pillasters..is monstrous. 1849 E. A. Freeman Hist. Archit. 319 The wide intercolumniations of the later Grecian edifices probably came nearer to the primitive model than the old Doric pycnostyle. 1959 D. S. Robertson Handbk. Greek & Rom. Archit. (ed. 2) x. 154 The height of the columns in eustyle is the same as that in systyle, namely nine and a half lower diameters, pycnostyle having ten, diastyle, eight and a half. 2002 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 61 285/2 The intercolumniations..are a hybrid of the pycnostyle (one and a half diameters) and the systyle. B. adj. Having or designating such an arrangement of columns. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [adjective] > unit of proportion based on column diameter > specific spacing of columns systyle1563 eustyle1696 pycnostyle1738 monotriglyph1797 araeosystyle1834 ditriglyphic1837 monotriglyphic1837 1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) at Hypæthros Of hypæthrons, some were decastyle, others pycnostyle. ?1787 Artist's Repository & Drawing Mag. 2 181 Pycnostyle intercolumniations are distant from column to column one diameter and a half of the column measured at bottom. 1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 315/2 Within the court the colonnades were pycnostyle. 1896 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. & Hist. Fine Art 11 128 The pteron was surrounded by 36 columns of rather low proportion, and arranged in pycnostyle order, to provide for the exceptional weight of the pyramidal roof. 1926 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 30 267 The prominent Ionic temples in Asia Minor cluster thickly between pycnostyle and systyle and are neither clearly the one nor the other. 1979 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 69 216 As for the pycnostyle Augustan exteriors, the larger a temple, the closer, relatively, the spacing of its columns. 1999 J. S. Curl Dict. Archit. 334/2 Vitruvius described its [sc. intercolumniation's] commonest varieties: 1½d: pycnostyle..2d: systyle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.a1706
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