punishv.

Brit.

/ˈpʌnɪʃ/, U.S.

/ˈpənɪʃ/

Inflections: Past tense and past participle punished, (nonstandard, rare) punisht;

Forms:

α. Middle English pugnysshe, Middle English punesch, Middle English punesche, Middle English punest (past participle), Middle English punice, Middle English punich, Middle English punisch, Middle English punische, Middle English punissch, Middle English punisse, Middle English punissh, Middle English punissi (south-eastern), Middle English punist (past participle), Middle English punnyssch, Middle English punnysshe, Middle English punyce, Middle English punych, Middle English punyes, Middle English punyȝsh, Middle English punysce, Middle English punysch, Middle English punysche, Middle English punyse, Middle English punyssche, Middle English punysse, Middle English punyst (past participle), Middle English pvnysch, Middle English–1500s punesh, Middle English–1500s punisshe, Middle English–1500s punysh, Middle English–1500s punyshe, Middle English–1500s punyssh, Middle English–1500s punysshe, Middle English–1600s punishe, Middle English–1600s punnishe, 1500s punnysch, 1500s punnyssh, 1500s punnyssyd (past participle), 1500s–1600s punnish, 1500s– punish, 1600s punnich; Scottish pre-1700 povnys, pre-1700 pownes, pre-1700 puinis, pre-1700 puneis, pre-1700 puneische, pre-1700 puneise, pre-1700 puneish, pre-1700 puneiss, pre-1700 punes, pre-1700 punes (past participle), pre-1700 punesat (past participle), pre-1700 punesch, pre-1700 punice, pre-1700 punich, pre-1700 puniche, pre-1700 punis, pre-1700 punisch, pre-1700 punische, pre-1700 punise, pre-1700 punishe, pre-1700 punisse, pre-1700 punnes, pre-1700 punnis, pre-1700 punnische, pre-1700 punnish, pre-1700 punnys, pre-1700 punusch, pre-1700 punyce, pre-1700 punys, pre-1700 punysche, pre-1700 punyse, pre-1700 punysh, pre-1700 punyss, pre-1700 punyzit (past participle), pre-1700 pvneis, pre-1700 pvnes, pre-1700 pvnice, pre-1700 pvnis, pre-1700 pvnishe, pre-1700 pvnys, pre-1700 pwinis, pre-1700 pwneis, pre-1700 pwneish, pre-1700 pwnes, pre-1700 pwnice, pre-1700 pwnis, pre-1700 pwnyce (past participle), pre-1700 pwnys, pre-1700 pwnysch, pre-1700 pwnysyid (past tense), pre-1700 1700s– punish, 1900s– pönish (Shetland). a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) v. 14 Ant he þat deth, sal ben greueliche ipunist ate kinges wille.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 148 Hou he ssel his broþer chasti..oþer his seriont..punissi.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 74 Þer byeþ ypunyssed and awreke alle uenyal zennes.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 4068 Puniched at þe hardest.c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. 67 Meiris..ben mene Betwyn þe king & þe comunes, to kepe þe lawis, As to punisshen [v.rr. puneschun, punesch, punschin, ponschen] on pillories..Breweris & bakeris.a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 40 Upon þe ferþe synne God ceessiþ never to punnishe.a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 7233 Therfore God shal hym punyshe. But me ne rekketh of no vice.1460 C. Hansson in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 216 My lord of York hathe dyuers straunge commyssions fro the Kyng..to punych them.c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle l. 86 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 131 Bettir is þat þu for þis trespace be punyst nov, þan þar-fore þu be punyste sare, quhare pardone sal be neuir mare.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 1264 Wallace with force pwnyst [thaim] rygorusly.1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xv. 40 That suche men be pugnysshed.a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 408 God may not forȝete þis trespas but punysshe it in his tyme.a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) iv. 6 A sorowful gast, punyschand the self for synne.a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxvi. 14 Suffire me noght forto fall swa that thou punyes me in hell.a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 425 Þis persoun & þis viker moten be punyȝshid. ▸ ?a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 199 Punes him for his deid culpabile.c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxiii. 257 For the whiche synnes he hath ben by me sore punyshyd.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 670/2 That God punissheth them for their great vyce.1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 51 To punis al his inimis.a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 61 And when hyt plesyth hym other wyse to punnysch us, then we must lake.1538 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) i. iii. f. 8 Tenant in tail after in possibil of issue extinct, shall neuer be punished of wast.1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 8 God punissis oftymes in ye samyn thing quhairin man offendis.?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in Vernacular Writings (1892) 9 He sal punyss..the writar.1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 191 Without God puneis thair cruell vice.1581 J. Hamilton Catholik Traictise Epist. f. 7 The leuing god puneishit yame.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 127 To punise offenderis.1612 Prince Charles in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 104 I deserve to be punniched for my ill fortune.1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. xxxi. 306 The violators of the social duties are frequently punished by the success of their own wishes.1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair liii. 474 He punished my champagne.1992 Financial Times 22 Feb. ii. p. xiv/6 Does society jail criminals to punish them, or to get them back on the straight and narrow?

β. Middle English ponesche, Middle English ponessh, Middle English ponisch, Middle English ponische, Middle English ponishe, Middle English ponnyssh, Middle English ponys, Middle English ponysche, Middle English ponyssche, Middle English ponysse, Middle English ponyssh, Middle English ponysshe, Middle English–1500s ponisshe, Middle English–1500s ponysch, Middle English–1500s ponysh, 1500s ponish, 1500s poynysse, 1600s poonnysh, 1900s poonish (English regional (Worcestershire)); Scottish pre-1700 pones, pre-1700 ponis, pre-1700 ponys; N.E.D. (1909) also records a form Middle English ponis. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. iv. 15 All þat schall slee Caym schall seuenfold be yponyst.c1400 Comm. on Canticles (Bodl. 288) in T. Arnold Sel. Eng. Wks. J. Wyclif (1871) III. 39 I schal al biþinke to ponesche hem wiþ eendelees peyne. ▸ c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 118 Vche cursid dede ponyschid truly.a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 57 To ponysse mysdoers and trespasours.c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) l. 166 Therfore he hath ben ponyshyd.1538 in W. A. J. Archbold Somerset Relig. Ho. (1892) 80 He lovethe vertew and wyll poynysse vyse.c1600 in Shropshire Archaeol. Soc. (1880) 3 346 There were many prysoners but only one executed callyd Bowckley and the reast savid under the value but were poonnyshed and whippid.

γ. Middle English puncch, Middle English punch, Middle English punche, Middle English punsch, Middle English punsche, Middle English punse, Middle English punshe; Scottish pre-1700 punscht (past tense). ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Esdras viii. 27 Hou fele euere ouer passen þe lawe, besily be þei punshid [L. plectantur] or bi deþ or bi torment. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 221 Punschynge of evel doers. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 315 For he schulde nouȝt be i-punsched [L. plecterentur] by þe lawe. ▸ 1440 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 416 Punchyn, or chastysyn,..Punio, castigo.c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 747 Ȝe schulle be punched and put in paine for evere.a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 126 All þoo malefactores were punchid with iii maner peynis, for þei were first drawe, þan hange, and last brent.?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 68 Punchyth me, lorde, and spare my blyssyd wyff anne.a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 101 Thairfor God sieand thame so willfull heigh and proud that he punscht thame by expectatioun of men.

δ. late Middle English penest (past tense), late Middle English penysch, late Middle English penyssh, late Middle English penysshe, late Middle English pinisch, late Middle English pynyssche. 1403–4 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 183 Reseruyng alle tyme to the Mayer of Bristow..power to correcte, to pynyssche, amercye, and redresse..the maystres.1411 in Trans. Hist. Soc. Lancs. & Cheshire (1851) 3 106 He wold penysshe no pore folke.?a1425 Constit. Masonry (Royal 17 A.i) l. 525 in J. O. Halliwell Early Hist. Freemasonry in Eng. (1844) 31 The emperour..putte hem ynto a dep presone; The sarre he penest hem yn that plase, The more yoye wes to hem of Cristus grace.c1450 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (BL Add. 38666) (1926) l. 3450 But Heroud..was pinischet resonabuly..For one sone of his there was slayn.

ε. late Middle English ponsche, late Middle English ponssh. c1430 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1882) v. l. 1095 Hire name allas is ponschede [a1413 Morgan punysshed] to wyde Þat for hire gilt it auȝte I-now suffyse.c1450 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Harl. 6041) (1960) A. iii. l. 67 [c1400 Trin. Cambr. Meiris..ben mene Betwyn þe king & þe comunes, to kepe þe lawis, As to] ponschen [on pillories..Breweris & bakeris].

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French puniss-, punir.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French puniss-, extended stem (compare -ish suffix²) of punir (French punir ; compare also the Anglo-Norman variants puniser , punisir , in which the extended stem has been generalized to all forms) to cause (an offender) to suffer for an offence, to penalize (a person) (1260 in Old French; the intransitive use is apparently not paralleled until the early 17th cent.) < classical Latin pūnīre , variant of poenīre to punish, to inflict punishment, to avenge < poena penalty, punishment (see poena n.). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan punir (last quarter of the 12th cent.), Catalan punir (last quarter of the 13th cent.), Spanish punir (mid 13th cent.), Portuguese punir (14th cent.), Italian punire (a1294).In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). The γ and ε forms show elision of the medial vowel; the δ forms show unrounding of French /y/ after a labial (and, in the case of forms in -e-, subsequent lowering).

I. To penalize for an offence.

a. transitive. To cause (an offender) to suffer for an offence, esp. a transgression of a legal or moral code; to subject to a penalty or sanction as retribution or as a caution against further offences.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)]

threac897

tighta1000

beswinkc1175

punisha1325

chastise1362

paina1375

justifya1393

wage1412

reformc1450

chasten1526

thwart over thumba1529

chastifyc1540

amerce?1577

follow1579

to rap (a person) on the knuckles (also fingers)1584

finea1616

mulcta1620

fita1625

vindicate1632

trounce1657

reward1714

tawse1790

sort1815

to let (a person) have it1823

visit1836

to catch or get Jesse1839

to give, get goss1840

to have ita1848

to take (a person) to the woodshed1882

to give (one) snuff1890

soak1892

give1906

to weigh off1925

to tear down1938

zap1961

slap1968

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [verb (transitive)] > punish

smitelOE

punisha1325

scourgec1384

chasten1526

strike1577

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) v. 14 Ant he þat deth, sal ben greueliche ipunist ate kinges wille.

1340 Ayenbite 148 Hou he ssel his broþer chasti..oþer his seriont..punissi.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 49 (MED) Whanne þe dome was fulfilled, the emperour ȝaf hym self to þe womman for sche schulde punsche [v.r. punse] hym as sche wolde.

a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 813 (MED) Edyppus..fil in such offence, For which he was punshed and brought lowe.

c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 86 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 131 Bettir is þat þu for þis trespace be punyst nov, þan þar-fore þu be punyste sare, quhare pardone sal be neuir mare.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fiiii^v Crucify and punisshe thy body with werkes of penaunce.

1538 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) i. iii. f. 8 Tenant in tail after in possibil of issue extinct, shall neuer be punished of wast.

1612 W. Strachey Lawes 6 Likewise he that shall rob the store of any commodities therein, of what quality soeuer,..shall bee punished with death.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvi. 144 'Tis against the Law of Nature, To punish the Innocent.

1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. ii. xii. 498 Punishing Forestallers, Regraters, and Dearthers of Corn.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. xxxi. 306 The violators of the social duties are frequently punished by the success of their own wishes.

1801 in Hist. Rec. Austral. (1915) 1st Ser. III. 257 If a prisoner either makes the purchase or sells the article, he will be severely punished and work six months in the battery gang.

1884 S. R. Gardiner Hist. Eng. IX. lxxxviii. 12 The King was not without hope that some legal means of punishing them might be found.

1908 G. K. Chesterton Man who was Thursday 62 The moderns say we must not punish heretics.

1962 B. Idowu in O. Imasogie Afr. Trad. Relig. (1985) iii. 30 It is believed that the divinities punish men for any breach of tabu or for ritual offences.

1999 Independent 11 Nov. i. 12/1 A safety watchdog should be set up, armed with ‘robust’ powers to punish errant companies as part of its role as regulator of the transport industry.

b. transitive. To penalize the perpetrator of (an offence or transgression); to inflict a penalty or sanction for (wrongdoing).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > punish offence

wreakc888

vengea1340

punish1340

revenge1531

vizy1562

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 74 (MED) Þer byeþ ypunyssed and awreke alle uenyal zennes.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Judges xx. 6 Neuere so myche felownye & so grett trespas worþi to ben punsched is don in Israel.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 1049 (MED) O myȝti God..Whi wiltow nat..Punishe & chastise so horrible a þing, And specialy þe mordre of a kyng?

a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 408 God may not forȝete þis trespas but punysshe it in his tyme.

1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xvii. 56 Throw him was..Piracie puneist.

c1603 Life Mr. W. Whittingham in Camden Misc. (1871) VI. 35 But neither yet was God wanting to punish the malice and wickednesse shewed in this action.

1674 in M. Wood Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1950) X. 206 To prevent and punnish tumults and conventicles.

1708 F. Atterbury 14 Serm. 431 Lest he should punish our misuse of his Mercies, by stopping the Course of them.

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. i. 7 The right of punishing crimes against the law of nature..is in a state of mere nature vested in every individual.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 484 The spirit of the law..was that no misdemeanour should be punished more severely than the most atrocious felonies.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator iii. 163 Disorderly conduct is always severely punished.

1937 Life 26 July 26/2 Heresy, consisting of any deviation from ‘the line’ laid down by that hierarchy, is punished by instant expulsion from the Party.

1993 J. Kay Found. Corporate Success ii. iii. 37 Non-cooperative behaviour should be punished, but not too severely.

c. intransitive. To inflict punishment.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [verb (intransitive)]

punish1411

to do justice on (also upon)1477

animadvert1656

1411 Indent. in HSLC 3 106 Margery..send hym to Robart of Risley to bid hym come and help to penyssh for pasturyng on hor mene mosse.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 40 (MED) Upon þe ferþe synne God ceessiþ never to punnishe.

1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 8 God punissis oftymes in ye samyn thing quhairin man offendis.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxviii. 161 But to covenant to assist the Soveraign, in doing hurt to another,..is not to give him a Right to Punish.

1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. i. 9 God does not punish that way.

a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) X. 180 To punish is properly an act of a superior to an inferior.

1805 M. G. Lewis tr. J. H. D. Zschokke Bravo of Venice i. v. 55 One and one only shall inhabit here..shall watch over right and wrong, and according as he judges, shall reward, and punish.

1862 C. M. Yonge Countess Kate vii. 116 I don't think he would punish so well.

1931 H. J. Rose tr. W. Schmidt Orig. & Growth Relig. xvi. 275 The Supreme Being, thus exercising oversight on the doings of men, is likewise able to reward..and punish.

1972 N.Y. Law Jrnl. 31 Oct. 16/4 Motion by plaintiff to punish for contempt.

2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) x. 215 We have to attach high standards of proof to any situation which entitles the state to punish.

†2.

a. transitive. To fine (a person). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)]

mulct?a1475

gersum1483

unlaw1508

finea1513

check1526

to be put to one's fine1542

punish1552

forfeitc1592

tinsel1609

sconce1641

physic1821

to fix (a person) with liability1833

log1889

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum (at cited word) Punish by the purse.

1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 819 He whose Dog..shall be found Unlawed, shall be punished Three Shillings.

b. transitive. To exact or take (money due) from a person. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion on [verb (transitive)]

ransom?a1425

to poll and pill1528

exact1534

bloodsuck?1541

extort1561

rack1576

flay1584

shave1606

wire-draw1616

punisha1626

sponge1631

squeeze1639

screwa1643

to screw up1655

bleed1680

torture1687

to screw down1725

to shake down1872

to squeeze (someone) until the pips squeak1918

to bleed white1935

rent1956

a1626 J. Horsey Disc. Imploym. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) App. ii. 289 A desperate debte owinge by the chauncelere Shalkan..was violentely puneshed from him and payd the Companye.

II. Extended uses.

a. transitive. To subject to rough or ill treatment; to cause pain, damage, or suffering to; to maltreat or abuse. Also (chiefly regional) intransitive.In later use frequently colloquial or humorous.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > play instrument [verb (transitive)] > play badly

punish1967

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark xii. 4 Thei woundiden him in the heed and ponyscheden [a1425 L.V. turmentiden hym; L. affecerunt] with chidingis.

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) 1 Thess. ii. 2 Þof we byfore suffre, punschid [L. affecti] with wrongys..we haddyn trest in oure god.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 279 (MED) Ebronius was the gouernoure of the kynges howse, whiche punyschede [L. afflixit] Seynte Leodegary.

1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania iii. 352 Alas, Rosindy, said hee, did euer heauen thus punish louers? was any soule tortur's like mine, or so vniustly condemned to death?

1664 W. Oake Let. 13 Oct. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1965) II. 256 Having perused and transcribed your papers I remit them with thanks, and intend to punish you with some account of that kind out of Devonshire.

1700 E. Thomas Let. 14 Aug. in Pylades & Corinna (1731) 177 Was it not enough to deprive us of your conversation, but must you needs lay an embargo on Wit also. How long you intend to punish us in this manner I know not.

1856 ‘The Druid’ Post & Paddock xii. 209 If a foolish lad punishes his beaten horse unnecessarily.

1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting i. 16 They [sc. sjamboks] are very tough and supple..and punish tremendously.

1882 Garden 3 June 384/3 Phlox divaricata is very pretty, but how the slugs and snails do punish it!

1896 Dialect Notes I. 422 I couldn't get any water, and my! how I did punish.

1934 D. Thomas in Listener 24 Oct. 691/2 Especially when the October wind..With fist of turnips punishes the land.

1949 ‘J. Tey’ Brat Farrar iv. 34 Ungainly women in unseemly clothes punishing the saddles of broken-spirited horses.

1967 Observer 17 Dec. 1/1 An old man punishing a mandolin in Bond Street.

1996 R. Allsopp Dict. Caribbean Eng. Usage 456/1 I just stayed there and punished till afternoon until the doctor saw me.

2004 Straight No Chaser Spring 30/2 A sandal of raw leather known as a malandrinha, which punished the feet.

b. transitive. Sport. To inflict severe blows on (an opponent, esp. in boxing); to strike (the ball) forcefully or frequently.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > ill-treat [verb (transitive)]

tuckc888

tawc893

misbedeOE

graithc1330

to fare fair or foul with1340

misusea1382

outrayc1390

beshrewc1430

huspelc1440

misentreat1450

mistreat1453

abuse?1473

to mayne evil1481

demean1483

to put (a person) to villainya1513

harry1530

mishandle1530

touse1531

misorder1550

worrya1556

yark1565

mumble1588

buse1589

crow-tread1593

disabuse1607

maltreat1681

squeeze1691

ill-treat1794

punish1801

tousle1826

ill-use1841

razoo1890

mess1896

to play horse with1896

to bugger about1921

slug1925

to give (a person) the works1927

to kick about or around1938

mess1963

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > box [verb (transitive)] > actions

parry1672

punish1801

pink1810

shy1812

sling1812

mug1818

weave1818

prop1846

feint1857

counter1861

cross-counter1864

slip1897

hook1898

unload1912

to beat a person to the punch1923

mitt1930

tag1938

counterpunch1964

1801 Sporting Mag. 19 62/2 This desperate contest, comprising sixteen rounds, lasted twenty-one minutes, and we never witnessed a man more punished than Burk.

1812 Sporting Mag. 48 187 In his prime no one could punish him.

1864 Sporting Mag. 45 194 When the Eleven come to the wickets, how they punish the ball, and rapidly run-up a long score.

1924 Bee (Danville, Va.) 10 June 8/5 Wills punished his opponent about the body at close range.

1979 Washington Post (Nexis) 6 June (Sports section) c1 Mayer seldom punished the ball with his oversized graphite racket, preferring instead to coax it into doing his bidding.

1997 Boxing News 19 Dec. 28/4 He punished Agosto at times, but the wily Puerto Rican sucked it up and boxed his way back.

c. transitive. humorous. To consume or deplete (a stock of food, drink, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > eat voraciously

forswallowOE

gulch?c1225

afretea1350

moucha1350

glop1362

gloup1362

forglut1393

worrya1400

globbec1400

forsling1481

slonk1481

franch1519

gull1530

to eat up1535

to swallow up1535

engorge1541

gulp1542

ramp1542

slosh1548

raven1557

slop1575

yolp1579

devour1586

to throw oneself on1592

paunch1599

tire1599

glut1600

batten1604

frample1606

gobbet1607

to make a (also one's) meal on (also upon)a1616

to make a (also one's) meal of1622

gorge1631

demolish1639

gourmanda1657

guttle1685

to gawp up1728

nyam1790

gamp1805

slummock1808

annihilate1815

gollop1823

punish1825

engulf1829

hog1836

scoff1846

brosier1850

to pack away1855

wolf1861

locust1868

wallop1892

guts1934

murder1935

woof1943

pelicana1953

pig1979

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > use up, expend, or consume [verb (transitive)] > severely

punish1825

1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 242 We..drank freely—punished his claret.

1839 W. M. Thackeray Fatal Boots xii We punished her cellar too.

1942 J. B. Priestley Black-out in Gretley vii. 149 The bottle of brandy they'd punished was prominent on the little table.

1992 G. M. Fraser Quartered Safe out Here 142 Nothing to do but bask in the heat, punish the water chaggles, watch Grandarse perspiring..; monotonous it might be, but it beat the hell out of marching and fighting.

1994 J. Cope Head-on 197 Our dressing room had a vague narcotics lab feel about it, what with Droyd and Bates and the head of Phonogram T.V. punishing large quantities of powder.

d. transitive. Originally and chiefly Sport. To capitalize on or take advantage of (a mistake or poor play) by an opponent; to make (an opponent) suffer for a mistake.

ΚΠ

1883 Daily Tel. 15 May 2/7 The Oxonian's [bowling] was..severely punished, both batsmen scoring a 3 hit off one over.

1891 W. G. Grace Cricket xi. 312 It was a treat to watch him punish the bowling.

1912 H. Vardon How to Play Golf 18 In the time of the gutty, a player knew that if he perpetrated a bad stroke, he would be punished.

1930 Morning Post 16 July 11/5 Chapman batted remarkably well. He refused to take any risk and yet punished the loose ball.

1978 Guardian Weekly 19 Nov. 23/5 Taking full advantage of Manchester United's inadequacy in the air and punishing the squareness of their defence on the ground.

2005 Times 10 Jan. 76/2 Dimitri Yachvili punished a collapsed maul with his first penalty.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	punish
释义	punishv. Brit. /ˈpʌnɪʃ/, U.S. /ˈpənɪʃ/ Inflections: Past tense and past participle punished, (nonstandard, rare) punisht; Forms: α. Middle English pugnysshe, Middle English punesch, Middle English punesche, Middle English punest (past participle), Middle English punice, Middle English punich, Middle English punisch, Middle English punische, Middle English punissch, Middle English punisse, Middle English punissh, Middle English punissi (south-eastern), Middle English punist (past participle), Middle English punnyssch, Middle English punnysshe, Middle English punyce, Middle English punych, Middle English punyes, Middle English punyȝsh, Middle English punysce, Middle English punysch, Middle English punysche, Middle English punyse, Middle English punyssche, Middle English punysse, Middle English punyst (past participle), Middle English pvnysch, Middle English–1500s punesh, Middle English–1500s punisshe, Middle English–1500s punysh, Middle English–1500s punyshe, Middle English–1500s punyssh, Middle English–1500s punysshe, Middle English–1600s punishe, Middle English–1600s punnishe, 1500s punnysch, 1500s punnyssh, 1500s punnyssyd (past participle), 1500s–1600s punnish, 1500s– punish, 1600s punnich; Scottish pre-1700 povnys, pre-1700 pownes, pre-1700 puinis, pre-1700 puneis, pre-1700 puneische, pre-1700 puneise, pre-1700 puneish, pre-1700 puneiss, pre-1700 punes, pre-1700 punes (past participle), pre-1700 punesat (past participle), pre-1700 punesch, pre-1700 punice, pre-1700 punich, pre-1700 puniche, pre-1700 punis, pre-1700 punisch, pre-1700 punische, pre-1700 punise, pre-1700 punishe, pre-1700 punisse, pre-1700 punnes, pre-1700 punnis, pre-1700 punnische, pre-1700 punnish, pre-1700 punnys, pre-1700 punusch, pre-1700 punyce, pre-1700 punys, pre-1700 punysche, pre-1700 punyse, pre-1700 punysh, pre-1700 punyss, pre-1700 punyzit (past participle), pre-1700 pvneis, pre-1700 pvnes, pre-1700 pvnice, pre-1700 pvnis, pre-1700 pvnishe, pre-1700 pvnys, pre-1700 pwinis, pre-1700 pwneis, pre-1700 pwneish, pre-1700 pwnes, pre-1700 pwnice, pre-1700 pwnis, pre-1700 pwnyce (past participle), pre-1700 pwnys, pre-1700 pwnysch, pre-1700 pwnysyid (past tense), pre-1700 1700s– punish, 1900s– pönish (Shetland). a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) v. 14 Ant he þat deth, sal ben greueliche ipunist ate kinges wille.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 148 Hou he ssel his broþer chasti..oþer his seriont..punissi.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 74 Þer byeþ ypunyssed and awreke alle uenyal zennes.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 4068 Puniched at þe hardest.c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. 67 Meiris..ben mene Betwyn þe king & þe comunes, to kepe þe lawis, As to punisshen [v.rr. puneschun, punesch, punschin, ponschen] on pillories..Breweris & bakeris.a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 40 Upon þe ferþe synne God ceessiþ never to punnishe.a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 7233 Therfore God shal hym punyshe. But me ne rekketh of no vice.1460 C. Hansson in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 216 My lord of York hathe dyuers straunge commyssions fro the Kyng..to punych them.c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle l. 86 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 131 Bettir is þat þu for þis trespace be punyst nov, þan þar-fore þu be punyste sare, quhare pardone sal be neuir mare.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 1264 Wallace with force pwnyst [thaim] rygorusly.1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xv. 40 That suche men be pugnysshed.a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 408 God may not forȝete þis trespas but punysshe it in his tyme.a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) iv. 6 A sorowful gast, punyschand the self for synne.a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxvi. 14 Suffire me noght forto fall swa that thou punyes me in hell.a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 425 Þis persoun & þis viker moten be punyȝshid. ▸ ?a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 199 Punes him for his deid culpabile.c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxiii. 257 For the whiche synnes he hath ben by me sore punyshyd.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 670/2 That God punissheth them for their great vyce.1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 51 To punis al his inimis.a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 61 And when hyt plesyth hym other wyse to punnysch us, then we must lake.1538 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) i. iii. f. 8 Tenant in tail after in possibil of issue extinct, shall neuer be punished of wast.1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 8 God punissis oftymes in ye samyn thing quhairin man offendis.?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in Vernacular Writings (1892) 9 He sal punyss..the writar.1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 191 Without God puneis thair cruell vice.1581 J. Hamilton Catholik Traictise Epist. f. 7 The leuing god puneishit yame.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 127 To punise offenderis.1612 Prince Charles in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 104 I deserve to be punniched for my ill fortune.1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. xxxi. 306 The violators of the social duties are frequently punished by the success of their own wishes.1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair liii. 474 He punished my champagne.1992 Financial Times 22 Feb. ii. p. xiv/6 Does society jail criminals to punish them, or to get them back on the straight and narrow? β. Middle English ponesche, Middle English ponessh, Middle English ponisch, Middle English ponische, Middle English ponishe, Middle English ponnyssh, Middle English ponys, Middle English ponysche, Middle English ponyssche, Middle English ponysse, Middle English ponyssh, Middle English ponysshe, Middle English–1500s ponisshe, Middle English–1500s ponysch, Middle English–1500s ponysh, 1500s ponish, 1500s poynysse, 1600s poonnysh, 1900s poonish (English regional (Worcestershire)); Scottish pre-1700 pones, pre-1700 ponis, pre-1700 ponys; N.E.D. (1909) also records a form Middle English ponis. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. iv. 15 All þat schall slee Caym schall seuenfold be yponyst.c1400 Comm. on Canticles (Bodl. 288) in T. Arnold Sel. Eng. Wks. J. Wyclif (1871) III. 39 I schal al biþinke to ponesche hem wiþ eendelees peyne. ▸ c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 118 Vche cursid dede ponyschid truly.a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 57 To ponysse mysdoers and trespasours.c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) l. 166 Therfore he hath ben ponyshyd.1538 in W. A. J. Archbold Somerset Relig. Ho. (1892) 80 He lovethe vertew and wyll poynysse vyse.c1600 in Shropshire Archaeol. Soc. (1880) 3 346 There were many prysoners but only one executed callyd Bowckley and the reast savid under the value but were poonnyshed and whippid. γ. Middle English puncch, Middle English punch, Middle English punche, Middle English punsch, Middle English punsche, Middle English punse, Middle English punshe; Scottish pre-1700 punscht (past tense). ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Esdras viii. 27 Hou fele euere ouer passen þe lawe, besily be þei punshid [L. plectantur] or bi deþ or bi torment. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 221 Punschynge of evel doers. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 315 For he schulde nouȝt be i-punsched [L. plecterentur] by þe lawe. ▸ 1440 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 416 Punchyn, or chastysyn,..Punio, castigo.c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 747 Ȝe schulle be punched and put in paine for evere.a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 126 All þoo malefactores were punchid with iii maner peynis, for þei were first drawe, þan hange, and last brent.?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 68 Punchyth me, lorde, and spare my blyssyd wyff anne.a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 101 Thairfor God sieand thame so willfull heigh and proud that he punscht thame by expectatioun of men. δ. late Middle English penest (past tense), late Middle English penysch, late Middle English penyssh, late Middle English penysshe, late Middle English pinisch, late Middle English pynyssche. 1403–4 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 183 Reseruyng alle tyme to the Mayer of Bristow..power to correcte, to pynyssche, amercye, and redresse..the maystres.1411 in Trans. Hist. Soc. Lancs. & Cheshire (1851) 3 106 He wold penysshe no pore folke.?a1425 Constit. Masonry (Royal 17 A.i) l. 525 in J. O. Halliwell Early Hist. Freemasonry in Eng. (1844) 31 The emperour..putte hem ynto a dep presone; The sarre he penest hem yn that plase, The more yoye wes to hem of Cristus grace.c1450 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (BL Add. 38666) (1926) l. 3450 But Heroud..was pinischet resonabuly..For one sone of his there was slayn. ε. late Middle English ponsche, late Middle English ponssh. c1430 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1882) v. l. 1095 Hire name allas is ponschede [a1413 Morgan punysshed] to wyde Þat for hire gilt it auȝte I-now suffyse.c1450 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Harl. 6041) (1960) A. iii. l. 67 [c1400 Trin. Cambr. Meiris..ben mene Betwyn þe king & þe comunes, to kepe þe lawis, As to] ponschen [on pillories..Breweris & bakeris]. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French puniss-, punir. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French puniss-, extended stem (compare -ish suffix²) of punir (French punir ; compare also the Anglo-Norman variants puniser , punisir , in which the extended stem has been generalized to all forms) to cause (an offender) to suffer for an offence, to penalize (a person) (1260 in Old French; the intransitive use is apparently not paralleled until the early 17th cent.) < classical Latin pūnīre , variant of poenīre to punish, to inflict punishment, to avenge < poena penalty, punishment (see poena n.). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan punir (last quarter of the 12th cent.), Catalan punir (last quarter of the 13th cent.), Spanish punir (mid 13th cent.), Portuguese punir (14th cent.), Italian punire (a1294).In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). The γ and ε forms show elision of the medial vowel; the δ forms show unrounding of French /y/ after a labial (and, in the case of forms in -e-, subsequent lowering). I. To penalize for an offence. 1. a. transitive. To cause (an offender) to suffer for an offence, esp. a transgression of a legal or moral code; to subject to a penalty or sanction as retribution or as a caution against further offences. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] threac897 tighta1000 beswinkc1175 punisha1325 chastise1362 paina1375 justifya1393 wage1412 reformc1450 chasten1526 thwart over thumba1529 chastifyc1540 amerce?1577 follow1579 to rap (a person) on the knuckles (also fingers)1584 finea1616 mulcta1620 fita1625 vindicate1632 trounce1657 reward1714 tawse1790 sort1815 to let (a person) have it1823 visit1836 to catch or get Jesse1839 to give, get goss1840 to have ita1848 to take (a person) to the woodshed1882 to give (one) snuff1890 soak1892 give1906 to weigh off1925 to tear down1938 zap1961 slap1968 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [verb (transitive)] > punish smitelOE punisha1325 scourgec1384 chasten1526 strike1577 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) v. 14 Ant he þat deth, sal ben greueliche ipunist ate kinges wille. 1340 Ayenbite 148 Hou he ssel his broþer chasti..oþer his seriont..punissi. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 49 (MED) Whanne þe dome was fulfilled, the emperour ȝaf hym self to þe womman for sche schulde punsche [v.r. punse] hym as sche wolde. a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 813 (MED) Edyppus..fil in such offence, For which he was punshed and brought lowe. c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 86 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 131 Bettir is þat þu for þis trespace be punyst nov, þan þar-fore þu be punyste sare, quhare pardone sal be neuir mare. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fiiii^v Crucify and punisshe thy body with werkes of penaunce. 1538 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) i. iii. f. 8 Tenant in tail after in possibil of issue extinct, shall neuer be punished of wast. 1612 W. Strachey Lawes 6 Likewise he that shall rob the store of any commodities therein, of what quality soeuer,..shall bee punished with death. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvi. 144 'Tis against the Law of Nature, To punish the Innocent. 1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. ii. xii. 498 Punishing Forestallers, Regraters, and Dearthers of Corn. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. xxxi. 306 The violators of the social duties are frequently punished by the success of their own wishes. 1801 in Hist. Rec. Austral. (1915) 1st Ser. III. 257 If a prisoner either makes the purchase or sells the article, he will be severely punished and work six months in the battery gang. 1884 S. R. Gardiner Hist. Eng. IX. lxxxviii. 12 The King was not without hope that some legal means of punishing them might be found. 1908 G. K. Chesterton Man who was Thursday 62 The moderns say we must not punish heretics. 1962 B. Idowu in O. Imasogie Afr. Trad. Relig. (1985) iii. 30 It is believed that the divinities punish men for any breach of tabu or for ritual offences. 1999 Independent 11 Nov. i. 12/1 A safety watchdog should be set up, armed with ‘robust’ powers to punish errant companies as part of its role as regulator of the transport industry. b. transitive. To penalize the perpetrator of (an offence or transgression); to inflict a penalty or sanction for (wrongdoing). ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > punish offence wreakc888 visita1325 vengea1340 punish1340 revenge1531 vizy1562 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 74 (MED) Þer byeþ ypunyssed and awreke alle uenyal zennes. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Judges xx. 6 Neuere so myche felownye & so grett trespas worþi to ben punsched is don in Israel. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 1049 (MED) O myȝti God..Whi wiltow nat..Punishe & chastise so horrible a þing, And specialy þe mordre of a kyng? a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 408 God may not forȝete þis trespas but punysshe it in his tyme. 1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xvii. 56 Throw him was..Piracie puneist. c1603 Life Mr. W. Whittingham in Camden Misc. (1871) VI. 35 But neither yet was God wanting to punish the malice and wickednesse shewed in this action. 1674 in M. Wood Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1950) X. 206 To prevent and punnish tumults and conventicles. 1708 F. Atterbury 14 Serm. 431 Lest he should punish our misuse of his Mercies, by stopping the Course of them. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. i. 7 The right of punishing crimes against the law of nature..is in a state of mere nature vested in every individual. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 484 The spirit of the law..was that no misdemeanour should be punished more severely than the most atrocious felonies. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator iii. 163 Disorderly conduct is always severely punished. 1937 Life 26 July 26/2 Heresy, consisting of any deviation from ‘the line’ laid down by that hierarchy, is punished by instant expulsion from the Party. 1993 J. Kay Found. Corporate Success ii. iii. 37 Non-cooperative behaviour should be punished, but not too severely. c. intransitive. To inflict punishment. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [verb (intransitive)] punish1411 to do justice on (also upon)1477 animadvert1656 1411 Indent. in HSLC 3 106 Margery..send hym to Robart of Risley to bid hym come and help to penyssh for pasturyng on hor mene mosse. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 40 (MED) Upon þe ferþe synne God ceessiþ never to punnishe. 1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 8 God punissis oftymes in ye samyn thing quhairin man offendis. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxviii. 161 But to covenant to assist the Soveraign, in doing hurt to another,..is not to give him a Right to Punish. 1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. i. 9 God does not punish that way. a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) X. 180 To punish is properly an act of a superior to an inferior. 1805 M. G. Lewis tr. J. H. D. Zschokke Bravo of Venice i. v. 55 One and one only shall inhabit here..shall watch over right and wrong, and according as he judges, shall reward, and punish. 1862 C. M. Yonge Countess Kate vii. 116 I don't think he would punish so well. 1931 H. J. Rose tr. W. Schmidt Orig. & Growth Relig. xvi. 275 The Supreme Being, thus exercising oversight on the doings of men, is likewise able to reward..and punish. 1972 N.Y. Law Jrnl. 31 Oct. 16/4 Motion by plaintiff to punish for contempt. 2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) x. 215 We have to attach high standards of proof to any situation which entitles the state to punish. †2. a. transitive. To fine (a person). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)] mulct?a1475 gersum1483 unlaw1508 finea1513 check1526 to be put to one's fine1542 punish1552 forfeitc1592 tinsel1609 sconce1641 physic1821 to fix (a person) with liability1833 log1889 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum (at cited word) Punish by the purse. 1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 819 He whose Dog..shall be found Unlawed, shall be punished Three Shillings. b. transitive. To exact or take (money due) from a person. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion on [verb (transitive)] ransom?a1425 to poll and pill1528 exact1534 bloodsuck?1541 extort1561 rack1576 flay1584 shave1606 wire-draw1616 punisha1626 sponge1631 squeeze1639 screwa1643 to screw up1655 bleed1680 torture1687 to screw down1725 to shake down1872 to squeeze (someone) until the pips squeak1918 to bleed white1935 rent1956 a1626 J. Horsey Disc. Imploym. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) App. ii. 289 A desperate debte owinge by the chauncelere Shalkan..was violentely puneshed from him and payd the Companye. II. Extended uses. 3. a. transitive. To subject to rough or ill treatment; to cause pain, damage, or suffering to; to maltreat or abuse. Also (chiefly regional) intransitive.In later use frequently colloquial or humorous. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > play instrument [verb (transitive)] > play badly punish1967 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark xii. 4 Thei woundiden him in the heed and ponyscheden [a1425 L.V. turmentiden hym; L. affecerunt] with chidingis. a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) 1 Thess. ii. 2 Þof we byfore suffre, punschid [L. affecti] with wrongys..we haddyn trest in oure god. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 279 (MED) Ebronius was the gouernoure of the kynges howse, whiche punyschede [L. afflixit] Seynte Leodegary. 1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania iii. 352 Alas, Rosindy, said hee, did euer heauen thus punish louers? was any soule tortur's like mine, or so vniustly condemned to death? 1664 W. Oake Let. 13 Oct. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1965) II. 256 Having perused and transcribed your papers I remit them with thanks, and intend to punish you with some account of that kind out of Devonshire. 1700 E. Thomas Let. 14 Aug. in Pylades & Corinna (1731) 177 Was it not enough to deprive us of your conversation, but must you needs lay an embargo on Wit also. How long you intend to punish us in this manner I know not. 1856 ‘The Druid’ Post & Paddock xii. 209 If a foolish lad punishes his beaten horse unnecessarily. 1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting i. 16 They [sc. sjamboks] are very tough and supple..and punish tremendously. 1882 Garden 3 June 384/3 Phlox divaricata is very pretty, but how the slugs and snails do punish it! 1896 Dialect Notes I. 422 I couldn't get any water, and my! how I did punish. 1934 D. Thomas in Listener 24 Oct. 691/2 Especially when the October wind..With fist of turnips punishes the land. 1949 ‘J. Tey’ Brat Farrar iv. 34 Ungainly women in unseemly clothes punishing the saddles of broken-spirited horses. 1967 Observer 17 Dec. 1/1 An old man punishing a mandolin in Bond Street. 1996 R. Allsopp Dict. Caribbean Eng. Usage 456/1 I just stayed there and punished till afternoon until the doctor saw me. 2004 Straight No Chaser Spring 30/2 A sandal of raw leather known as a malandrinha, which punished the feet. b. transitive. Sport. To inflict severe blows on (an opponent, esp. in boxing); to strike (the ball) forcefully or frequently. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > ill-treat [verb (transitive)] tuckc888 tawc893 misbedeOE graithc1330 to fare fair or foul with1340 misusea1382 outrayc1390 beshrewc1430 huspelc1440 misentreat1450 mistreat1453 abuse?1473 to mayne evil1481 demean1483 to put (a person) to villainya1513 harry1530 mishandle1530 touse1531 misorder1550 worrya1556 yark1565 mumble1588 buse1589 crow-tread1593 disabuse1607 maltreat1681 squeeze1691 ill-treat1794 punish1801 tousle1826 ill-use1841 razoo1890 mess1896 to play horse with1896 to bugger about1921 slug1925 to give (a person) the works1927 to kick about or around1938 mess1963 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > box [verb (transitive)] > actions parry1672 punish1801 pink1810 shy1812 sling1812 mug1818 weave1818 prop1846 feint1857 counter1861 cross-counter1864 slip1897 hook1898 unload1912 to beat a person to the punch1923 mitt1930 tag1938 counterpunch1964 1801 Sporting Mag. 19 62/2 This desperate contest, comprising sixteen rounds, lasted twenty-one minutes, and we never witnessed a man more punished than Burk. 1812 Sporting Mag. 48 187 In his prime no one could punish him. 1864 Sporting Mag. 45 194 When the Eleven come to the wickets, how they punish the ball, and rapidly run-up a long score. 1924 Bee (Danville, Va.) 10 June 8/5 Wills punished his opponent about the body at close range. 1979 Washington Post (Nexis) 6 June (Sports section) c1 Mayer seldom punished the ball with his oversized graphite racket, preferring instead to coax it into doing his bidding. 1997 Boxing News 19 Dec. 28/4 He punished Agosto at times, but the wily Puerto Rican sucked it up and boxed his way back. c. transitive. humorous. To consume or deplete (a stock of food, drink, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > eat voraciously forswallowOE gulch?c1225 afretea1350 moucha1350 glop1362 gloup1362 forglut1393 worrya1400 globbec1400 forsling1481 slonk1481 franch1519 gull1530 to eat up1535 to swallow up1535 engorge1541 gulp1542 ramp1542 slosh1548 raven1557 slop1575 yolp1579 devour1586 to throw oneself on1592 paunch1599 tire1599 glut1600 batten1604 frample1606 gobbet1607 to make a (also one's) meal on (also upon)a1616 to make a (also one's) meal of1622 gorge1631 demolish1639 gourmanda1657 guttle1685 to gawp up1728 nyam1790 gamp1805 slummock1808 annihilate1815 gollop1823 punish1825 engulf1829 hog1836 scoff1846 brosier1850 to pack away1855 wolf1861 locust1868 wallop1892 guts1934 murder1935 woof1943 pelicana1953 pig1979 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > use up, expend, or consume [verb (transitive)] > severely punish1825 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 242 We..drank freely—punished his claret. 1839 W. M. Thackeray Fatal Boots xii We punished her cellar too. 1942 J. B. Priestley Black-out in Gretley vii. 149 The bottle of brandy they'd punished was prominent on the little table. 1992 G. M. Fraser Quartered Safe out Here 142 Nothing to do but bask in the heat, punish the water chaggles, watch Grandarse perspiring..; monotonous it might be, but it beat the hell out of marching and fighting. 1994 J. Cope Head-on 197 Our dressing room had a vague narcotics lab feel about it, what with Droyd and Bates and the head of Phonogram T.V. punishing large quantities of powder. d. transitive. Originally and chiefly Sport. To capitalize on or take advantage of (a mistake or poor play) by an opponent; to make (an opponent) suffer for a mistake. ΚΠ 1883 Daily Tel. 15 May 2/7 The Oxonian's [bowling] was..severely punished, both batsmen scoring a 3 hit off one over. 1891 W. G. Grace Cricket xi. 312 It was a treat to watch him punish the bowling. 1912 H. Vardon How to Play Golf 18 In the time of the gutty, a player knew that if he perpetrated a bad stroke, he would be punished. 1930 Morning Post 16 July 11/5 Chapman batted remarkably well. He refused to take any risk and yet punished the loose ball. 1978 Guardian Weekly 19 Nov. 23/5 Taking full advantage of Manchester United's inadequacy in the air and punishing the squareness of their defence on the ground. 2005 Times 10 Jan. 76/2 Dimitri Yachvili punished a collapsed maul with his first penalty. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.a1325
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