punctuationn.

Brit.

/ˌpʌŋ(k)tʃʊˈeɪʃn/,

/ˌpʌŋ(k)tjʊˈeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌpəŋ(k)(t)ʃəˈweɪʃ(ə)n/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin punctuation-, punctuatio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin punctuation-, punctuatio musical notation (13th cent.), action of marking the text of a psalm (14th cent. in British sources), action of providing with a point, sharpening (1403 in a British source) < punctuat- , past participial stem of punctuare punctuate v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French ponctuation (1522 as punctuation), Spanish puntuación (early 17th cent.), Portuguese pontuação (1679), Italian puntuazione (a1594).

†a. The action of marking the text of a psalm, etc., to indicate how it should be chanted; = pointing n.¹ 4c. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > pointing of psalms

punctuation1531

1531 Injunctions J. Longland in Archaeologia (1882) 47 56 Your dyvyne seruice to be treateably song..with good pause and punctuation.

1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 18 (note) The punctuation of the Psalms in the English Psalter, where a colon is constantly placed in the middle of a verse,..expresses this Mediatio, or breath-place.

b. The insertion of points indicating vowels, accents, etc., into Hebrew and other Semitic texts; the system by which such points are inserted. Cf. pointing n.¹ 4b.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > written character not a letter > diacritic > insertion of, specifically in Hebrew

punctation1642

pointing1659

punctuation1659

1659 B. Walton Considerator Considered 230 The punctuation of the Hebrew Text was an invention of the Masorites.

1723 S. Mather Vindic. Holy Bible 309 The prodigiousness and irregularity of the punctuation of some words.

1764 N. Sievwright Hebrew Text Considered iv. 117 This very circumstance..proves most evidently, that the Masoretic reading and punctuation is a human invention hatched long after the true living pronunciation fell into desuetude.

1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 93/1 It is now generally considered..that the whole system of punctuation was first introduced by the Masorites.

1870 J. F. Smith Ewald's Introd. Hebr. Gram. 37 There was formed gradually in the Massoretic schools..a set of reading signs..the so-called punctuation.

1959 Vetus Testamentum 9 310 According to the Massoretic punctuation the stem htl as a verb is but once encountered in the O[ld] T[estament].

1997 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 116 416 I follow the Masoretic punctuation of [Ecclesiastes] 1:17 and read ודעת as an infinitive.

a. The practice, action, or system of inserting points or other small marks into texts, in order to aid interpretation; division of text into sentences, clauses, etc., by means of such marks; (occasionally) an instance of this. Also: these marks collectively. (Now the usual sense.)

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun]

pointing1440

distinction1552

punctuation1593

punctation1617

interpunctiona1631

stopping1728

interpunctuation1827

subpunctuation1891

1593 J. Eliot Ortho-epia Gallica sig. A4 I desire you to peruse my periodicall punctuations, find fault with my pricks, nicks, and tricks.

1661 R. Boyle Some Consid. Style of Script. (1675) Pref. 13 That there pass no mistakes of the punctuation. For..if the stops be omitted, or misplaced, it does..oftentimes quite spoil the sense.

1734 J. Jortin Rem. Spenser's Poems 91 Here is a fault, either of the poet's, or else occasion'd by a wrong punctuation.

1768 Adventures Oxymel Classic II. xxiv. 9 A few blunders, in point of orthography and punctuation, may be found in this performance, which unluckily escaped the notice of the corrector.

1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 159 Punctuation is the art of dividing a written composition into sentences, or parts of sentences, by points or stops.

1849 Wisconsin Express 3 Apr. 1/2 We have said nothing about the art of nice punctuation, which is also acquired in a printing office.

1895 W. A. Copinger Trans. Bibliogr. Soc. 2 ii. 113 As to punctuation..the Lactantius, printed at Subiaco in 1465, has a full point, colon, and note of interrogation.

1934 D. Thomas Let. 20 July (1985) 155 The punctuation in both stories is abominable, and makes nonsense of many, too many, of the sentences.

1963 Times 21 May 7/3 To convert plain language letters or punctuation into figures.

1978 L. Duncan Killing Mr Griffin iii. 38 You have a grasp of grammar and punctuation, but the writing itself is shallow.

2004 Guardian 23 Dec. i. 12/1 A study comparing the punctuation and spelling of 11- and 12-year-olds who use mobile phone text messaging with another group of non-texters..found no significant differences between the two.

†b. In reading or speaking: the observance or articulation of appropriate pauses and phrasing, as indicated or as if indicated by punctuation in a text. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca v. xvi. 489 They were enjoined to pay the most scrupulous attention to punctuation... They often read the Fables of Æsop.

1863 M. E. Braddon John Marchmont's Legacy II. ii. 25 The good woman's talk..rambled on in an unintermitting stream, unbroken by much punctuation.

1880 H. Parry in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 706/2 The intelligent reading of a literary composition depends upon two things, accentuation and punctuation.

c. figurative. The fact of occurring or being distributed at intervals throughout an area, period, etc., in the manner of punctuation marks in a sentence; something which occurs or is distributed in this way.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > action of placing at certain intervals

spacing1711

espacement1867

punctuation1876

the world > time > frequency > [noun] > recurrence > something that repeatedly interrupts

punctuation1933

1876 L. S. Bevington Key Notes 15 Hours of sunshine, hours of gloaming,..With a measured punctuation Of unconsciousness, at night.

1914 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 4 Apr. 12/1 The endless punctuation of ties led on and on until even the marshes rose and became level with the tracks.

1933 E. O'Neill Ah, Wilderness! i. 20 (stage direct.) The bang of firecrackers and torpedoes..continues at intervals..sufficiently emphatic to form a disturbing punctuation to the conversation.

1984 R. Silverberg Conglomeroid Cocktail Party 233 Halperin heard music,..the thump of drums, the whispery, dry rattle of tambourines, the harsh punctuation of little clay whistles.

1999 N.Y. Times Mag. 22 Aug. ii. 116 In a city where architectural landmarks serve as punctuation for run-on strip malls and shopping centers, streetlight banners help define neighborhoods.

†3. The action of marking something by pricking or puncturing; spec. tattooing. Cf. puncturation n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the body > [noun] > tattooing

pouncing1601

pinking1611

tattooing1774

punctuation1777

tattooment1885

henna tattooing1992

1777 G. Forster Voy. round World I. 390 The punctuation which the natives call tattow.

1813 tr. G. H. von Langsdorff Voy. & Trav. I. v. 116 The most remarkable and interesting manner which the South-sea islanders have of ornamenting their naked bodies consists in punctuation, or, as they call it, tattooing.

4. Zoology. = punctation n. 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark

spotOE

markOE

tachea1400

macula?a1425

ruby1542

plotch1548

flea-biting1552

fleck1598

blanch1608

staina1616

naeve1619

neve1624

dark1637

sunspot1651

pip1676

liver spot1684

beauty spot1795

heat-spot1822

spilus1822

ink-spot1839

punctation1848

punctuation1848

macule1864

soldier's spots1874

pock1894

mouche1959

the world > animals > animal body > markings or colourings > [noun] > spotted marking

puncturation1834

punctation1848

punctuation1848

ticking1885

1848 D. Sharpe in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 4 i. 67 The outer layer [of the shell] is punctuated; the punctuations are so large as to be clearly visible to the naked eye.

1866 E. C. Rye Brit. Beetles 107 The elytra exhibit very coarse punctuation.

1941 R. T. Cotton Insect Pests Stored Grain & Grain Products i. 36 The black fungus beetle..is not nearly so abundant in the United States as the former species from which it can best be distinguished by the punctuation of the thorax.

2002 Copeia No. 3. 809/1 Ventrum brown with dark punctuations and spots.

†5. A form of percussion massage using the tips of the fingers. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1890 K. W. Ostrom Massage 23 Punctuation is used upon the head and around the heart.

6. Biology. Rapid or sudden evolutionary change, esp. speciation, as suggested by the theory of punctuated equilibrium (see punctuated adj. 3); an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > processes or types of evolution

transmutation1626

substitution1822

subspeciation1826

metamorphosis1835

phytogenesis1847

phytogeny1850

anamorphosis1852

correlation1859

advergence1861

convergence1861

phylogeny1869

ontogeny1872

recapitulation1874

ontogenesis1875

phylogenesis1875

biogenesis1876

abiogenesis1884

anagenesis1889

tachygenesis1893

orthogenesis1895

adaptive radiation1898

speciation1906

microevolution1911

subspeciation1921

raciation1934

orthogenetics1937

encephalization1938

proterogenesis1938

allomorphosis1941

cladogenesis1953

Wallace effect1966

metachromism1968

punctuation1976

speciational evolution1988

tachygen-

1976 P. D. Gingerich in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 276 24 Both the punctuations and the equilibrium were imposed on the data by interpretation.

1993 Nature 18 Nov. 223/1 We realized that..Mayr's peripatric theory of speciation in small populations peripherally isolated from a parental stock would yield stasis and punctuation when properly scaled into the vastness of geological time.

2000 Paleobiology 26 29/2 These accumulating results..imply that the morphological punctuations in fossil lineages..do tend to correspond to speciation events.

Compounds

punctuation mark n. any of the marks, as a full stop, comma, semicolon, etc., used in the punctuation of text; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun] > punctuation mark

prickOE

tittle1538

punctuation mark1849

1849 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 1 551 The dot, separating each word from the next, represents an arrow-head so placed, as a punctuation-mark, in the original.

1860 G. B. Prescott Electr. Telegr. 88 Forty-one indications, corresponding to the letters in the alphabet, the numerals, and punctuation-marks.

1927 Scribner's Mag. Feb. 178/1 It [sc. a revolver] sold for one hundred dollars gold, and placed a final punctuation mark to many a rowdy career.

1995 Bk. & Mag. Collector Feb. 104 Each line contains about 60 characters (including spaces and punctuation marks).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	punctuation
释义	punctuationn. Brit. /ˌpʌŋ(k)tʃʊˈeɪʃn/, /ˌpʌŋ(k)tjʊˈeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌpəŋ(k)(t)ʃəˈweɪʃ(ə)n/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin punctuation-, punctuatio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin punctuation-, punctuatio musical notation (13th cent.), action of marking the text of a psalm (14th cent. in British sources), action of providing with a point, sharpening (1403 in a British source) < punctuat- , past participial stem of punctuare punctuate v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French ponctuation (1522 as punctuation), Spanish puntuación (early 17th cent.), Portuguese pontuação (1679), Italian puntuazione (a1594). 1. †a. The action of marking the text of a psalm, etc., to indicate how it should be chanted; = pointing n.¹ 4c. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > pointing of psalms punctuation1531 1531 Injunctions J. Longland in Archaeologia (1882) 47 56 Your dyvyne seruice to be treateably song..with good pause and punctuation. 1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 18 (note) The punctuation of the Psalms in the English Psalter, where a colon is constantly placed in the middle of a verse,..expresses this Mediatio, or breath-place. b. The insertion of points indicating vowels, accents, etc., into Hebrew and other Semitic texts; the system by which such points are inserted. Cf. pointing n.¹ 4b. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > written character not a letter > diacritic > insertion of, specifically in Hebrew punctation1642 pointing1659 punctuation1659 1659 B. Walton Considerator Considered 230 The punctuation of the Hebrew Text was an invention of the Masorites. 1723 S. Mather Vindic. Holy Bible 309 The prodigiousness and irregularity of the punctuation of some words. 1764 N. Sievwright Hebrew Text Considered iv. 117 This very circumstance..proves most evidently, that the Masoretic reading and punctuation is a human invention hatched long after the true living pronunciation fell into desuetude. 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 93/1 It is now generally considered..that the whole system of punctuation was first introduced by the Masorites. 1870 J. F. Smith Ewald's Introd. Hebr. Gram. 37 There was formed gradually in the Massoretic schools..a set of reading signs..the so-called punctuation. 1959 Vetus Testamentum 9 310 According to the Massoretic punctuation the stem htl as a verb is but once encountered in the O[ld] T[estament]. 1997 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 116 416 I follow the Masoretic punctuation of [Ecclesiastes] 1:17 and read ודעת as an infinitive. 2. a. The practice, action, or system of inserting points or other small marks into texts, in order to aid interpretation; division of text into sentences, clauses, etc., by means of such marks; (occasionally) an instance of this. Also: these marks collectively. (Now the usual sense.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun] pointing1440 distinction1552 punctuation1593 punctation1617 interpunctiona1631 stopping1728 interpunctuation1827 subpunctuation1891 1593 J. Eliot Ortho-epia Gallica sig. A4 I desire you to peruse my periodicall punctuations, find fault with my pricks, nicks, and tricks. 1661 R. Boyle Some Consid. Style of Script. (1675) Pref. 13 That there pass no mistakes of the punctuation. For..if the stops be omitted, or misplaced, it does..oftentimes quite spoil the sense. 1734 J. Jortin Rem. Spenser's Poems 91 Here is a fault, either of the poet's, or else occasion'd by a wrong punctuation. 1768 Adventures Oxymel Classic II. xxiv. 9 A few blunders, in point of orthography and punctuation, may be found in this performance, which unluckily escaped the notice of the corrector. 1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 159 Punctuation is the art of dividing a written composition into sentences, or parts of sentences, by points or stops. 1849 Wisconsin Express 3 Apr. 1/2 We have said nothing about the art of nice punctuation, which is also acquired in a printing office. 1895 W. A. Copinger Trans. Bibliogr. Soc. 2 ii. 113 As to punctuation..the Lactantius, printed at Subiaco in 1465, has a full point, colon, and note of interrogation. 1934 D. Thomas Let. 20 July (1985) 155 The punctuation in both stories is abominable, and makes nonsense of many, too many, of the sentences. 1963 Times 21 May 7/3 To convert plain language letters or punctuation into figures. 1978 L. Duncan Killing Mr Griffin iii. 38 You have a grasp of grammar and punctuation, but the writing itself is shallow. 2004 Guardian 23 Dec. i. 12/1 A study comparing the punctuation and spelling of 11- and 12-year-olds who use mobile phone text messaging with another group of non-texters..found no significant differences between the two. †b. In reading or speaking: the observance or articulation of appropriate pauses and phrasing, as indicated or as if indicated by punctuation in a text. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca v. xvi. 489 They were enjoined to pay the most scrupulous attention to punctuation... They often read the Fables of Æsop. 1863 M. E. Braddon John Marchmont's Legacy II. ii. 25 The good woman's talk..rambled on in an unintermitting stream, unbroken by much punctuation. 1880 H. Parry in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 706/2 The intelligent reading of a literary composition depends upon two things, accentuation and punctuation. c. figurative. The fact of occurring or being distributed at intervals throughout an area, period, etc., in the manner of punctuation marks in a sentence; something which occurs or is distributed in this way. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > action of placing at certain intervals spacing1711 espacement1867 punctuation1876 the world > time > frequency > [noun] > recurrence > something that repeatedly interrupts punctuation1933 1876 L. S. Bevington Key Notes 15 Hours of sunshine, hours of gloaming,..With a measured punctuation Of unconsciousness, at night. 1914 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 4 Apr. 12/1 The endless punctuation of ties led on and on until even the marshes rose and became level with the tracks. 1933 E. O'Neill Ah, Wilderness! i. 20 (stage direct.) The bang of firecrackers and torpedoes..continues at intervals..sufficiently emphatic to form a disturbing punctuation to the conversation. 1984 R. Silverberg Conglomeroid Cocktail Party 233 Halperin heard music,..the thump of drums, the whispery, dry rattle of tambourines, the harsh punctuation of little clay whistles. 1999 N.Y. Times Mag. 22 Aug. ii. 116 In a city where architectural landmarks serve as punctuation for run-on strip malls and shopping centers, streetlight banners help define neighborhoods. †3. The action of marking something by pricking or puncturing; spec. tattooing. Cf. puncturation n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the body > [noun] > tattooing pouncing1601 pinking1611 tattooing1774 punctuation1777 tattooment1885 henna tattooing1992 1777 G. Forster Voy. round World I. 390 The punctuation which the natives call tattow. 1813 tr. G. H. von Langsdorff Voy. & Trav. I. v. 116 The most remarkable and interesting manner which the South-sea islanders have of ornamenting their naked bodies consists in punctuation, or, as they call it, tattooing. 4. Zoology. = punctation n. 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark spotOE markOE tachea1400 macula?a1425 ruby1542 plotch1548 flea-biting1552 fleck1598 blanch1608 staina1616 naeve1619 neve1624 dark1637 sunspot1651 pip1676 liver spot1684 beauty spot1795 heat-spot1822 spilus1822 ink-spot1839 punctation1848 punctuation1848 macule1864 soldier's spots1874 pock1894 mouche1959 the world > animals > animal body > markings or colourings > [noun] > spotted marking puncturation1834 punctation1848 punctuation1848 ticking1885 1848 D. Sharpe in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 4 i. 67 The outer layer [of the shell] is punctuated; the punctuations are so large as to be clearly visible to the naked eye. 1866 E. C. Rye Brit. Beetles 107 The elytra exhibit very coarse punctuation. 1941 R. T. Cotton Insect Pests Stored Grain & Grain Products i. 36 The black fungus beetle..is not nearly so abundant in the United States as the former species from which it can best be distinguished by the punctuation of the thorax. 2002 Copeia No. 3. 809/1 Ventrum brown with dark punctuations and spots. †5. A form of percussion massage using the tips of the fingers. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1890 K. W. Ostrom Massage 23 Punctuation is used upon the head and around the heart. 6. Biology. Rapid or sudden evolutionary change, esp. speciation, as suggested by the theory of punctuated equilibrium (see punctuated adj. 3); an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > processes or types of evolution transmutation1626 substitution1822 subspeciation1826 metamorphosis1835 phytogenesis1847 phytogeny1850 anamorphosis1852 correlation1859 advergence1861 convergence1861 phylogeny1869 ontogeny1872 recapitulation1874 ontogenesis1875 phylogenesis1875 biogenesis1876 abiogenesis1884 anagenesis1889 tachygenesis1893 orthogenesis1895 adaptive radiation1898 speciation1906 microevolution1911 subspeciation1921 raciation1934 orthogenetics1937 encephalization1938 proterogenesis1938 allomorphosis1941 cladogenesis1953 Wallace effect1966 metachromism1968 punctuation1976 speciational evolution1988 tachygen- 1976 P. D. Gingerich in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 276 24 Both the punctuations and the equilibrium were imposed on the data by interpretation. 1993 Nature 18 Nov. 223/1 We realized that..Mayr's peripatric theory of speciation in small populations peripherally isolated from a parental stock would yield stasis and punctuation when properly scaled into the vastness of geological time. 2000 Paleobiology 26 29/2 These accumulating results..imply that the morphological punctuations in fossil lineages..do tend to correspond to speciation events. Compounds punctuation mark n. any of the marks, as a full stop, comma, semicolon, etc., used in the punctuation of text; also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun] > punctuation mark prickOE tittle1538 punctuation mark1849 1849 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 1 551 The dot, separating each word from the next, represents an arrow-head so placed, as a punctuation-mark, in the original. 1860 G. B. Prescott Electr. Telegr. 88 Forty-one indications, corresponding to the letters in the alphabet, the numerals, and punctuation-marks. 1927 Scribner's Mag. Feb. 178/1 It [sc. a revolver] sold for one hundred dollars gold, and placed a final punctuation mark to many a rowdy career. 1995 Bk. & Mag. Collector Feb. 104 Each line contains about 60 characters (including spaces and punctuation marks). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1531
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