punctationn.

Brit.

/ˌpʌŋ(k)ˈteɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌpəŋ(k)ˈteɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: also (in sense 3) with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin punctation-, punctatio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin punctation-, punctatio action of marking points (1238, a1250 in British sources), punctuation (1267 in a British source), pointing of masonry (1297, 1301 in British sources) < punctat- , past participial stem of punctare (see point v.¹) + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹.With sense 1a compare earlier punctuation n. 2. In sense 3 after German Punktation agreement, contract (mid 18th cent.; compare Middle Low German punctātie).

†a. = punctuation n. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun]

pointing1440

distinction1552

punctuation1593

punctation1617

interpunctiona1631

stopping1728

interpunctuation1827

subpunctuation1891

1617 S. Collins Epphata to F. T. ii. x. 536 Let the Reader be carefull of reading these..words..with due punctation of them.

1657 H. Stubbe Clamor 44 This conjecture of mine (concerning the Grammatical Greek, from whom we received our punctation and reading) is not very contemptible, if we minde their practice in avoiding confusion.

1677 Bp. G. Burnet Mem. Dukes of Hamilton Errata sig. a3 Literal Faults, and some errours in the punctation are not marked.

1709 W. Steuart Coll. Observ. Church Scotl. iii. xiv. 255 Words..Vary by the very Accent or Punctation.

1748 J. Mason Ess. Elocution 26 There is..so much Irregularity introduced, into the modern Method of Punctation, that it is become a very imperfect Rule to direct a just Pronunciation.

b. In Semitic languages, esp. Hebrew: = pointing n.¹ 4b.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > written character not a letter > diacritic > insertion of, specifically in Hebrew

punctation1642

pointing1659

punctuation1659

1642 R. Cudworth Disc. Lords Supper iii. 38 In the Hebrew the words..according to a severall Punctation..may be expounded severall wayes.

1693 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. I. vii. 225 The true Punctation of the Proper Name.

1717 D. Turner Syphilis i. 76 Missing one little Dot, in the Arabick Punctation, (wherein the Secret was wrapt up).

1723 S. Mather Vindic. Holy Bible 293 He ascribes not the punctation to any of them, but to the men of the great synagogue.

1760 V. Des Voeux Philos. & Crit. Ess. Ecclesiastes 463 Especially as the punctation is here so irregular, that it properly points no way.

1863 R. Lepsius Standard Alphabet (ed. 2) ii. 83 Great difficulties are met with in transcribing the Hebrew system of punctation.

1929 Jewish Q. Rev. 19 434 That the Masoretes in their punctation departed sometimes from the earlier traditional pronunciation of Hebrew.

1979 16th Cent. Jrnl. 10 44 The Hebrew of the psalms suffered from the inevitable defects of constant transcription by Rabbis and from the later addition of punctation to the plain Hebrew texts.

2. Chiefly Zoology and Botany.

a. Each of the points or marks displayed by a punctate surface or object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark

spotOE

markOE

tachea1400

macula?a1425

ruby1542

plotch1548

flea-biting1552

fleck1598

blanch1608

staina1616

naeve1619

neve1624

dark1637

sunspot1651

pip1676

liver spot1684

beauty spot1795

heat-spot1822

spilus1822

ink-spot1839

punctation1848

punctuation1848

macule1864

soldier's spots1874

pock1894

mouche1959

the world > animals > animal body > markings or colourings > [noun] > spotted marking

puncturation1834

punctation1848

punctuation1848

ticking1885

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > marks > [noun] > point or dot

red spot1608

macula1670

punctation1848

1848 D. Sharpe in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 4 i. 67 The punctations [on a brachiopod] are..clearly visible to the naked eye.

1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 482 The woody fibres do not exhibit punctations.

1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 242 It lacks the punctations of the rash of scarlet fever.

1907 D. P. Penhallow Man. N. Amer. Gymnosperms 208 The inner pores in these punctations are relatively small and slightly elongated in a direction at right angles to the cells.

1961 J. Stubblefield Davies's Introd. Palaeontol. (ed. 3) i. 7 In forms like the Terebratuloids which have a punctate shell, each punctation contains a minute outgrowth of the mantle.

1994 D. G. Anderson Savannah River Chiefdoms v. 201 A minority of the rims were collared..and featured such decorations as cane punctations, fine incised lines, notching, and vertical ridges.

b. The condition of being punctate; (the nature or disposition of) the markings of a punctate surface considered collectively.

ΚΠ

1856 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 146 551 The texture of the shell is precisely the same; and it exhibits no other peculiarity than a minute punctation of the superficial layers.

1864 Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 3 17 In separating the closely allied species, I have relied much on the difference of sculpture and punctation.

1912 J. R. Ainsworth-Davis tr. W. F. Bruck Plant Dis. vii. 113 Owing to this variously coloured punctation the surface of the leaf assumes a mottled appearance.

1983 S. Plant tr. M. Moser Keys to Agarics & Boleti ii. 69 Stipe short.., punctation relatively dispersed, soon darkening, above bright yellow, below turning brown.

2001 Jrnl. Paleontol. 75 1110/2 The classification scheme employed by Cooper..emphasized the importance of shell structure and punctation within articulates.

3. An act of setting forth points or terms, as in an agreement or treaty; an agreement, contract, or treaty. Chiefly historical.Chiefly with reference to treaties and agreements drawn up by or in German-speaking states.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal obligation > contract > [noun]

covenantc1330

contractc1386

finec1390

agreement1425

obligement1499

convention1513

achate1607

mail contract1843

punctation1855

pay-or-play1949

1855 R. Phillimore Comm. Internat. Law II. 248 The result of their meeting was expressed in what the Germans call a Punctation, signed at Ems by four Archbishops..in 1787–8.

1890 Q. Rev. Oct. 332 The ‘punctation of Olmutz’ as it was called was signed 29 Nov. 1850.

1937 C. C. Eckhardt Papacy & World Affairs as reflected in Secularization of Politics xvii. iii. 216 Emperor Joseph II inclined somewhat against the nuncios, whereas the king of Prussia took an attitude against the ‘Punctation’.

1967 Compar. Stud. Society & Hist. 9 163 The cartoonist who commented on the debates of September 4th and 5th [1848] by drawing a long procession..solemnly bearing the punctation of Malmö..to the grave-yard.

1992 Eng. Hist. Rev. 107 424 The Young Czechs' refusal to accept the Punctation destroyed the position of the Old Czechs, whereas the Germans withdrew from the Exhibition in protest.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	punctation
释义	punctationn. Brit. /ˌpʌŋ(k)ˈteɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌpəŋ(k)ˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: also (in sense 3) with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin punctation-, punctatio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin punctation-, punctatio action of marking points (1238, a1250 in British sources), punctuation (1267 in a British source), pointing of masonry (1297, 1301 in British sources) < punctat- , past participial stem of punctare (see point v.¹) + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹.With sense 1a compare earlier punctuation n. 2. In sense 3 after German Punktation agreement, contract (mid 18th cent.; compare Middle Low German punctātie). 1. †a. = punctuation n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun] pointing1440 distinction1552 punctuation1593 punctation1617 interpunctiona1631 stopping1728 interpunctuation1827 subpunctuation1891 1617 S. Collins Epphata to F. T. ii. x. 536 Let the Reader be carefull of reading these..words..with due punctation of them. 1657 H. Stubbe Clamor 44 This conjecture of mine (concerning the Grammatical Greek, from whom we received our punctation and reading) is not very contemptible, if we minde their practice in avoiding confusion. 1677 Bp. G. Burnet Mem. Dukes of Hamilton Errata sig. a3 Literal Faults, and some errours in the punctation are not marked. 1709 W. Steuart Coll. Observ. Church Scotl. iii. xiv. 255 Words..Vary by the very Accent or Punctation. 1748 J. Mason Ess. Elocution 26 There is..so much Irregularity introduced, into the modern Method of Punctation, that it is become a very imperfect Rule to direct a just Pronunciation. b. In Semitic languages, esp. Hebrew: = pointing n.¹ 4b. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > written character not a letter > diacritic > insertion of, specifically in Hebrew punctation1642 pointing1659 punctuation1659 1642 R. Cudworth Disc. Lords Supper iii. 38 In the Hebrew the words..according to a severall Punctation..may be expounded severall wayes. 1693 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. I. vii. 225 The true Punctation of the Proper Name. 1717 D. Turner Syphilis i. 76 Missing one little Dot, in the Arabick Punctation, (wherein the Secret was wrapt up). 1723 S. Mather Vindic. Holy Bible 293 He ascribes not the punctation to any of them, but to the men of the great synagogue. 1760 V. Des Voeux Philos. & Crit. Ess. Ecclesiastes 463 Especially as the punctation is here so irregular, that it properly points no way. 1863 R. Lepsius Standard Alphabet (ed. 2) ii. 83 Great difficulties are met with in transcribing the Hebrew system of punctation. 1929 Jewish Q. Rev. 19 434 That the Masoretes in their punctation departed sometimes from the earlier traditional pronunciation of Hebrew. 1979 16th Cent. Jrnl. 10 44 The Hebrew of the psalms suffered from the inevitable defects of constant transcription by Rabbis and from the later addition of punctation to the plain Hebrew texts. 2. Chiefly Zoology and Botany. a. Each of the points or marks displayed by a punctate surface or object. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark spotOE markOE tachea1400 macula?a1425 ruby1542 plotch1548 flea-biting1552 fleck1598 blanch1608 staina1616 naeve1619 neve1624 dark1637 sunspot1651 pip1676 liver spot1684 beauty spot1795 heat-spot1822 spilus1822 ink-spot1839 punctation1848 punctuation1848 macule1864 soldier's spots1874 pock1894 mouche1959 the world > animals > animal body > markings or colourings > [noun] > spotted marking puncturation1834 punctation1848 punctuation1848 ticking1885 the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > marks > [noun] > point or dot red spot1608 macula1670 punctation1848 1848 D. Sharpe in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 4 i. 67 The punctations [on a brachiopod] are..clearly visible to the naked eye. 1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 482 The woody fibres do not exhibit punctations. 1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 242 It lacks the punctations of the rash of scarlet fever. 1907 D. P. Penhallow Man. N. Amer. Gymnosperms 208 The inner pores in these punctations are relatively small and slightly elongated in a direction at right angles to the cells. 1961 J. Stubblefield Davies's Introd. Palaeontol. (ed. 3) i. 7 In forms like the Terebratuloids which have a punctate shell, each punctation contains a minute outgrowth of the mantle. 1994 D. G. Anderson Savannah River Chiefdoms v. 201 A minority of the rims were collared..and featured such decorations as cane punctations, fine incised lines, notching, and vertical ridges. b. The condition of being punctate; (the nature or disposition of) the markings of a punctate surface considered collectively. ΚΠ 1856 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 146 551 The texture of the shell is precisely the same; and it exhibits no other peculiarity than a minute punctation of the superficial layers. 1864 Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 3 17 In separating the closely allied species, I have relied much on the difference of sculpture and punctation. 1912 J. R. Ainsworth-Davis tr. W. F. Bruck Plant Dis. vii. 113 Owing to this variously coloured punctation the surface of the leaf assumes a mottled appearance. 1983 S. Plant tr. M. Moser Keys to Agarics & Boleti ii. 69 Stipe short.., punctation relatively dispersed, soon darkening, above bright yellow, below turning brown. 2001 Jrnl. Paleontol. 75 1110/2 The classification scheme employed by Cooper..emphasized the importance of shell structure and punctation within articulates. 3. An act of setting forth points or terms, as in an agreement or treaty; an agreement, contract, or treaty. Chiefly historical.Chiefly with reference to treaties and agreements drawn up by or in German-speaking states. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal obligation > contract > [noun] covenantc1330 contractc1386 finec1390 agreement1425 obligement1499 convention1513 achate1607 mail contract1843 punctation1855 pay-or-play1949 1855 R. Phillimore Comm. Internat. Law II. 248 The result of their meeting was expressed in what the Germans call a Punctation, signed at Ems by four Archbishops..in 1787–8. 1890 Q. Rev. Oct. 332 The ‘punctation of Olmutz’ as it was called was signed 29 Nov. 1850. 1937 C. C. Eckhardt Papacy & World Affairs as reflected in Secularization of Politics xvii. iii. 216 Emperor Joseph II inclined somewhat against the nuncios, whereas the king of Prussia took an attitude against the ‘Punctation’. 1967 Compar. Stud. Society & Hist. 9 163 The cartoonist who commented on the debates of September 4th and 5th [1848] by drawing a long procession..solemnly bearing the punctation of Malmö..to the grave-yard. 1992 Eng. Hist. Rev. 107 424 The Young Czechs' refusal to accept the Punctation destroyed the position of the Old Czechs, whereas the Germans withdrew from the Exhibition in protest. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1617
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