punn.¹

Brit.

/pʌn/, U.S.

/pən/

Forms: 1600s–1700s punn, 1600s– pun.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Or perhaps a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: punctilio n.; Italian puntiglio.

Etymology: Origin unknown. Perhaps shortened < punctilio n. or its etymon Italian puntiglio, although no exact semantic parallel has been attested for either the English or the Italian word. Compare pundigrion n.

The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect; a play on words.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > wit, wittiness > wit with words > [noun] > play on words, pun

allusion1550

nick1561

paronomasia1577

paronomasy1592

quiblin1605

quibblea1627

quiblet1627

clinch1629

quibbling1633

clink1634

clench1638

pun1644

conundrum1645

whim1652

pundigrion1673

jeu de mots1823

calembour1830

Tom Swifty1963

paronym1982

1644 J. Taylor Mercvrivs Aqvaticvs sig. C3 It being yet a question whether of his Lawrells were the best, that of Glocester or that of..Oxford, where he was well Tamed (there's a Pun halfe a dram better then yours upon Sir Iohn Winter).

1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant i. i. 2 A bare clinch will serve the turn; a Carwichet, a Quarterquibble, or a Punn.

1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 37 Wits both Antient and Modern..that never..received their improvements by employing their Time in Puns and Quibbles.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 61. ¶6 Having pursued the History of a Punn,..I shall here define it to be a Conceit arising from the use of two Words that agree in the Sound, but differ in the Sense.

1746 T. Smollett Reproof 176 Debauch'd from sense, let doubtful meanings run The vague conundrum and the prurient pun.

1811 M. R. Mitford Let. 15 Oct. in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. v. 157 Even Shakespeare's magic is not proof against the artillery of puns.

1836 Times 3 Aug. 5/2 If he were not afraid of making a bad pun, he would say that the history of Irish Protestantism was written by Rapin(e).

1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! v. 298 They are..as childish as the hidden rivers and prep school puns that adorn Joyce's Anna Livia Plurabelle.

1992 Internat. Jrnl. Afr. Hist. Stud. 25 75 A gynocentric discourse which—to borrow Boddy's genially atrocious pun—emanates from a ‘Womb with a View’.

Compounds

pun-hater, pun-making, pun-trap, nouns; pun-admiring, pun-proof, pun-provoking adjs., etc.

ΚΠ

1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (1726) II. 204 It is no wonder that a punning monarch produc'd a race of punning and pun-admiring liege subjects.

1748 W. Shenstone School-mistress xi, in R. Dodsley Coll. Poems (ed. 2) I. 252 The tufted Basil, pun-provoking Tyme.

1830 G. Colman Random Rec. I. ix. 297 The intolerant Pun-hater.

1839 ‘D. I. Moriarty’ Husband-hunter III. x. 202 [He] frequently laid pun-traps and quibble-springes of which he took advantage.

1884 W. E. Henley in T. H. Ward Eng. Poets III. 230 A good and cheerful talker, whose piety was not always pun-proof.

1958 Language 34 172 ‘A pen/pencil that one sharpens’ is doubly pleasing to pun-loving Hawaiians.

1992 Mod. Painters Spring 54/2 There should be a return to dualist concepts and thence to the sort of visual pun-making which characterises the consciously naif escapism of pre-war.

2004 Time Out N.Y. 9 Dec. 71/3 Their writing is stylish, brazenly arch, pun-drunk and studded with quirky but apt turns of phrase.

Derivatives

† punkin n. Obsolete = punlet n.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > wit, wittiness > wit with words > [noun] > play on words, pun > a little pun

punnet1673

punkin1866

1866 H. James in Atlantic Monthly XVII. 197/2 Blunt and I made atrocious puns. I believe, indeed, that Miss Blunt herself made one little punkin, as I called it.

ˈpunless adj. having no puns, free of puns.

ΚΠ

1716 A. Pope God's Revenge against Punning 2 [Signed] The Punless and Penyless J. Baker, Knight.

1864 Realm 6 Apr. 8 Let our ingenious dramatists try their hands at a punless burlesque with some real fun and interest in it.

1975 Crit. Inq. 2 128 Shakespeare, who needs and wants the words lie, lies, and lying hundreds of times in his work, has only three times the punless form lied.

2001 G. Wren Most Ingenious Paradox ix. 135 His dialogue..grows cleaner, shorter, and all but punless.

† punlet n. Obsolete a little pun.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) II. 287 The punlet, or pun-maggot, or pun intentional.

† punnage n. Obsolete puns collectively.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

a1849 E. A. Poe Marginalia in Wks. (1864) III. 564 Such chapters of punnage as Hood was in the daily practice of committing to paper.

ˈpunnigram n. [ < pun n.¹ + -igram (in epigram n.)] a punning saying or epigram.

ΚΠ

1888 Huxley in Life (1900) II. xiii. 211 You..have already made all possible epigrams and punnigrams on the topic.

1919 Classical Jrnl. 14 351 The punnigram of Felix and Felicitas doubtless greatly consoled them in their bereavement.

puˈnnology n. rare the use of puns; a study of the use of puns.

ΚΠ

1744 A. Pope Remarks in Dunciad iii. 190 He might have been better instructed in the Greek punnology.

1826 Examiner 179/2 The extreme antiquity of some of the described incidents and punnology.

1989 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 88 1 (title) A Pearl punnology.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

punn.²

Brit.

/pʌn/, U.S.

/pən/

Forms: 1600s pund, 1700s– pun, 1800s pan, 1800s pana.

Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymons: Sanskrit paṇa, paṇ.

Etymology: < Sanskrit paṇa (also with vernacular pronunciation paṇ) a unit of weight, a copper or silver coin of this weight, a monetary unit. Compare fanam n.

Now historical and rare.

A monetary unit formerly used in India consisting of eighty cowries.The number of puns equivalent to the value of one rupee varies, typically between fifty and seventy.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific Indian

rupee1612

pun1683

rea1698

naya paisa1956

1683 W. Hedges Diary 2 Oct. (1887) I. 122 I was this day advised that Mr. Charnock putt off Mr. Ellis's Cowries at 34 pund to ye Rupee, in payment to all ye Peons and Servants of the Factory, whereas 38 Punds are really bought by them for a rupee.

1776 N. B. Halhed tr. Code Gentoo Laws i. Gloss. 10 Cahawun, a measure of Cowries, being Sixteen Pun.

1794 T. Maurice Indian Antiq. 252 (note) Eighty cowris are called a pun, and from fifty to sixty puns amount in value to a rupee.

1827 M. J. Horne Adventures Naufragus 173 Cowry, a small shell, used in many parts of India as money; eighty make one pun, and fifty or sixty puns, one rupee.

1855 H. H. Wilson Gloss. Judicial & Revenue Terms India 393 Pan, Pun, Paṇa, a sum of 80 kauri shells..of which 16 are equal to a káhan..: the same word becoming Panam in Tamil and Malayalam.., transformed by European pronunciation to Fanam.

1916 R. Mukerjee Found. Indian Econ. iii. i. 278 The money-changer charged seventy puns of cowries for their rupee.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† punn.³

Forms: 1700s punn.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pun v.²

Etymology: Apparently < pun v.² (although this is first attested later).

Obsolete. rare.

A bed of clay laid in a canal to stop water leakage.

ΚΠ

1792 J. Phillips Gen. Hist. Inland Navigation 365 A bed (technically a punn) of clay, to prevent the water weeping through the arches.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

punv.¹

Brit.

/pʌn/, U.S.

/pən/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pun n.¹

Etymology: < pun n.¹

1. intransitive. To make a pun or puns; to play on words. Also with on or upon. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > common sense > be witty with words [verb (intransitive)] > pun

allude1556

clinch1648

quibble1650

pun1670

1670 [implied in: J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 33 Whether or no Punning, Quibling, and that which they call Joquing, and such other delicaces of Wit..might not be very conveniently omitted? (at punning n.¹)].

1699 G. Farquhar Love & Bottle ii. ii. 22 Here, here, Master; how it [sc. wine] puns and quibbles in the Glass!

1716 A. Pope God's Revenge against Punning 2 One Samuel an Irishman, for his forward Attempt to Pun, was stunted in his Stature.

1757 R. Sandeman Lett. on Theron & Aspasio I. ii. 28 Perhaps no words in the Bible have been oftener punned upon than these.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. (1819) xxiii. 292 Edgar in Lear, who, in imitation of the gipsy incantations, puns on the old word mair, a hag.

1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. i. iii. 20 I punned and jested.

1882 Cent. Mag. May 104/1 The hackney verse in which poor Hood punned and rhythmed.

1915 W. Cather Song of Lark ii. x. 231 When she sat out a dance with them, they talked to her..and told her how their mother had once punned upon their name.

1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 16 Feb. 39/3 His first Times Sunday puzzle punned on composers, with answers like ‘Bizet signal’, ‘Handel with care’, ‘Haydn go seek’.

2. transitive. humorous To bring into or to a state or condition by punning. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > grind or pound [verb (transitive)]

grindc1000

i-ponec1000

britOE

poundOE

stampc1200

to-pounec1290

bruisea1382

minisha1382

bray1382

to-grind1393

beatc1420

gratec1430

mull1440

pestle1483

hatter1508

pounce1519

contuse1552

pounder1570

undergrind1605

dispulverate1609

peal1611

comminute1626

atom1648

comminuate1666

porphyrize1747

stub1765

kibble1790

smush1825

crack1833

pun1888

micronize1968

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 61. ¶2 The Sermons of Bishop Andrews..are full of them [sc. puns]. The Sinner was punned into Repentance.

1888 F. M. Crawford With Immortals II. xii. 131 To be punned to death, sir, would be equally horrible.

2004 Sunday Tribune (Nexis) 7 Nov. 5 With a name like manna from heaven for sub-editors, Willo Flood had better get used to being punned to death.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

punv.²

Brit.

/pʌn/, U.S.

/pən/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English pun , pound v.¹

Etymology: < pun, regional variant of pound v.¹ Compare earlier pun n.³

transitive. To consolidate by pounding; to ram down. Cf. pound v.¹ 6.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > perform general or industrial manufacturing processes [verb (transitive)] > beat, hammer, or pound

peal1611

tewa1642

scutch1733

beat1753

pun1838

spat1890

society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > mortar or pestle

poundOE

stampc1200

bray1382

stompera1475

pestle1483

contund1599

mortarize1615

pun1838

the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > beat heavily or severely

pounda1325

batter1377

pellc1450

hatter1508

whop1575

labour1594

thunder-beat1608

behammer1639

thunderstrike1818

sledgehammer1834

pun1838

to beat to a pulp1840

jackhammer1959

the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > beat flat or solid

rama1450

poss1611

pun1838

pound1850

tamp1879

1838 F. W. Simms Public Wks. Great Brit. 8 The materials shall be..well punned, rammed and beaten down.

1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 196 The earth, as it is thrown in, should be thoroughly well punned at every stage.

1937 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 81 640/2 The cable must be securely cleated when out of the ground and very firmly punned into the trench.

1990 Evening Sentinel 1 Mar. 4/5 I was always taught the correct way to relay a paving slab was first to remove the slab and debris, cover with black ash and pun it flat.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1644

n.²1683

n.³1792

v.¹1670

v.²1838

单词	pun
释义	punn.¹ Brit. /pʌn/, U.S. /pən/ Forms: 1600s–1700s punn, 1600s– pun. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Or perhaps a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: punctilio n.; Italian puntiglio. Etymology: Origin unknown. Perhaps shortened < punctilio n. or its etymon Italian puntiglio, although no exact semantic parallel has been attested for either the English or the Italian word. Compare pundigrion n. The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect; a play on words. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > wit, wittiness > wit with words > [noun] > play on words, pun allusion1550 nick1561 paronomasia1577 paronomasy1592 quiblin1605 quibblea1627 quiblet1627 clinch1629 quibbling1633 clink1634 clench1638 pun1644 conundrum1645 whim1652 pundigrion1673 jeu de mots1823 calembour1830 Tom Swifty1963 paronym1982 1644 J. Taylor Mercvrivs Aqvaticvs sig. C3 It being yet a question whether of his Lawrells were the best, that of Glocester or that of..Oxford, where he was well Tamed (there's a Pun halfe a dram better then yours upon Sir Iohn Winter). 1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant i. i. 2 A bare clinch will serve the turn; a Carwichet, a Quarterquibble, or a Punn. 1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 37 Wits both Antient and Modern..that never..received their improvements by employing their Time in Puns and Quibbles. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 61. ¶6 Having pursued the History of a Punn,..I shall here define it to be a Conceit arising from the use of two Words that agree in the Sound, but differ in the Sense. 1746 T. Smollett Reproof 176 Debauch'd from sense, let doubtful meanings run The vague conundrum and the prurient pun. 1811 M. R. Mitford Let. 15 Oct. in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. v. 157 Even Shakespeare's magic is not proof against the artillery of puns. 1836 Times 3 Aug. 5/2 If he were not afraid of making a bad pun, he would say that the history of Irish Protestantism was written by Rapin(e). 1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! v. 298 They are..as childish as the hidden rivers and prep school puns that adorn Joyce's Anna Livia Plurabelle. 1992 Internat. Jrnl. Afr. Hist. Stud. 25 75 A gynocentric discourse which—to borrow Boddy's genially atrocious pun—emanates from a ‘Womb with a View’. Compounds pun-hater, pun-making, pun-trap, nouns; pun-admiring, pun-proof, pun-provoking adjs., etc. ΚΠ 1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (1726) II. 204 It is no wonder that a punning monarch produc'd a race of punning and pun-admiring liege subjects. 1748 W. Shenstone School-mistress xi, in R. Dodsley Coll. Poems (ed. 2) I. 252 The tufted Basil, pun-provoking Tyme. 1830 G. Colman Random Rec. I. ix. 297 The intolerant Pun-hater. 1839 ‘D. I. Moriarty’ Husband-hunter III. x. 202 [He] frequently laid pun-traps and quibble-springes of which he took advantage. 1884 W. E. Henley in T. H. Ward Eng. Poets III. 230 A good and cheerful talker, whose piety was not always pun-proof. 1958 Language 34 172 ‘A pen/pencil that one sharpens’ is doubly pleasing to pun-loving Hawaiians. 1992 Mod. Painters Spring 54/2 There should be a return to dualist concepts and thence to the sort of visual pun-making which characterises the consciously naif escapism of pre-war. 2004 Time Out N.Y. 9 Dec. 71/3 Their writing is stylish, brazenly arch, pun-drunk and studded with quirky but apt turns of phrase. Derivatives † punkin n. Obsolete = punlet n.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > wit, wittiness > wit with words > [noun] > play on words, pun > a little pun punnet1673 punkin1866 1866 H. James in Atlantic Monthly XVII. 197/2 Blunt and I made atrocious puns. I believe, indeed, that Miss Blunt herself made one little punkin, as I called it. ˈpunless adj. having no puns, free of puns. ΚΠ 1716 A. Pope God's Revenge against Punning 2 [Signed] The Punless and Penyless J. Baker, Knight. 1864 Realm 6 Apr. 8 Let our ingenious dramatists try their hands at a punless burlesque with some real fun and interest in it. 1975 Crit. Inq. 2 128 Shakespeare, who needs and wants the words lie, lies, and lying hundreds of times in his work, has only three times the punless form lied. 2001 G. Wren Most Ingenious Paradox ix. 135 His dialogue..grows cleaner, shorter, and all but punless. † punlet n. Obsolete a little pun.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) II. 287 The punlet, or pun-maggot, or pun intentional. † punnage n. Obsolete puns collectively.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ a1849 E. A. Poe Marginalia in Wks. (1864) III. 564 Such chapters of punnage as Hood was in the daily practice of committing to paper. ˈpunnigram n. [ < pun n.¹ + -igram (in epigram n.)] a punning saying or epigram. ΚΠ 1888 Huxley in Life (1900) II. xiii. 211 You..have already made all possible epigrams and punnigrams on the topic. 1919 Classical Jrnl. 14 351 The punnigram of Felix and Felicitas doubtless greatly consoled them in their bereavement. puˈnnology n. rare the use of puns; a study of the use of puns. ΚΠ 1744 A. Pope Remarks in Dunciad iii. 190 He might have been better instructed in the Greek punnology. 1826 Examiner 179/2 The extreme antiquity of some of the described incidents and punnology. 1989 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 88 1 (title) A Pearl punnology. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). punn.² Brit. /pʌn/, U.S. /pən/ Forms: 1600s pund, 1700s– pun, 1800s pan, 1800s pana. Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymons: Sanskrit paṇa, paṇ. Etymology: < Sanskrit paṇa (also with vernacular pronunciation paṇ) a unit of weight, a copper or silver coin of this weight, a monetary unit. Compare fanam n. Now historical and rare. A monetary unit formerly used in India consisting of eighty cowries.The number of puns equivalent to the value of one rupee varies, typically between fifty and seventy. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific Indian rupee1612 pun1683 rea1698 naya paisa1956 1683 W. Hedges Diary 2 Oct. (1887) I. 122 I was this day advised that Mr. Charnock putt off Mr. Ellis's Cowries at 34 pund to ye Rupee, in payment to all ye Peons and Servants of the Factory, whereas 38 Punds are really bought by them for a rupee. 1776 N. B. Halhed tr. Code Gentoo Laws i. Gloss. 10 Cahawun, a measure of Cowries, being Sixteen Pun. 1794 T. Maurice Indian Antiq. 252 (note) Eighty cowris are called a pun, and from fifty to sixty puns amount in value to a rupee. 1827 M. J. Horne Adventures Naufragus 173 Cowry, a small shell, used in many parts of India as money; eighty make one pun, and fifty or sixty puns, one rupee. 1855 H. H. Wilson Gloss. Judicial & Revenue Terms India 393 Pan, Pun, Paṇa, a sum of 80 kauri shells..of which 16 are equal to a káhan..: the same word becoming Panam in Tamil and Malayalam.., transformed by European pronunciation to Fanam. 1916 R. Mukerjee Found. Indian Econ. iii. i. 278 The money-changer charged seventy puns of cowries for their rupee. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † punn.³ Forms: 1700s punn. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pun v.² Etymology: Apparently < pun v.² (although this is first attested later). Obsolete. rare. A bed of clay laid in a canal to stop water leakage. ΚΠ 1792 J. Phillips Gen. Hist. Inland Navigation 365 A bed (technically a punn) of clay, to prevent the water weeping through the arches. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2020). punv.¹ Brit. /pʌn/, U.S. /pən/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pun n.¹ Etymology: < pun n.¹ 1. intransitive. To make a pun or puns; to play on words. Also with on or upon. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > common sense > be witty with words [verb (intransitive)] > pun allude1556 clinch1648 quibble1650 pun1670 1670 [implied in: J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 33 Whether or no Punning, Quibling, and that which they call Joquing, and such other delicaces of Wit..might not be very conveniently omitted? (at punning n.¹)]. 1699 G. Farquhar Love & Bottle ii. ii. 22 Here, here, Master; how it [sc. wine] puns and quibbles in the Glass! 1716 A. Pope God's Revenge against Punning 2 One Samuel an Irishman, for his forward Attempt to Pun, was stunted in his Stature. 1757 R. Sandeman Lett. on Theron & Aspasio I. ii. 28 Perhaps no words in the Bible have been oftener punned upon than these. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. (1819) xxiii. 292 Edgar in Lear, who, in imitation of the gipsy incantations, puns on the old word mair, a hag. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. i. iii. 20 I punned and jested. 1882 Cent. Mag. May 104/1 The hackney verse in which poor Hood punned and rhythmed. 1915 W. Cather Song of Lark ii. x. 231 When she sat out a dance with them, they talked to her..and told her how their mother had once punned upon their name. 1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 16 Feb. 39/3 His first Times Sunday puzzle punned on composers, with answers like ‘Bizet signal’, ‘Handel with care’, ‘Haydn go seek’. 2. transitive. humorous To bring into or to a state or condition by punning. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > grind or pound [verb (transitive)] grindc1000 i-ponec1000 britOE poundOE stampc1200 to-pounec1290 bruisea1382 minisha1382 bray1382 to-grind1393 beatc1420 gratec1430 mull1440 pestle1483 hatter1508 pounce1519 contuse1552 pounder1570 undergrind1605 dispulverate1609 peal1611 comminute1626 atom1648 comminuate1666 porphyrize1747 stub1765 kibble1790 smush1825 crack1833 pun1888 micronize1968 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 61. ¶2 The Sermons of Bishop Andrews..are full of them [sc. puns]. The Sinner was punned into Repentance. 1888 F. M. Crawford With Immortals II. xii. 131 To be punned to death, sir, would be equally horrible. 2004 Sunday Tribune (Nexis) 7 Nov. 5 With a name like manna from heaven for sub-editors, Willo Flood had better get used to being punned to death. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). punv.² Brit. /pʌn/, U.S. /pən/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English pun , pound v.¹ Etymology: < pun, regional variant of pound v.¹ Compare earlier pun n.³ transitive. To consolidate by pounding; to ram down. Cf. pound v.¹ 6. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > perform general or industrial manufacturing processes [verb (transitive)] > beat, hammer, or pound peal1611 tewa1642 scutch1733 beat1753 pun1838 spat1890 society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > mortar or pestle poundOE stampc1200 bray1382 stompera1475 pestle1483 contund1599 mortarize1615 pun1838 the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > beat heavily or severely pounda1325 batter1377 pellc1450 hatter1508 whop1575 labour1594 thunder-beat1608 behammer1639 thunderstrike1818 sledgehammer1834 pun1838 to beat to a pulp1840 jackhammer1959 the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > beat flat or solid rama1450 poss1611 pun1838 pound1850 tamp1879 1838 F. W. Simms Public Wks. Great Brit. 8 The materials shall be..well punned, rammed and beaten down. 1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 196 The earth, as it is thrown in, should be thoroughly well punned at every stage. 1937 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 81 640/2 The cable must be securely cleated when out of the ground and very firmly punned into the trench. 1990 Evening Sentinel 1 Mar. 4/5 I was always taught the correct way to relay a paving slab was first to remove the slab and debris, cover with black ash and pun it flat. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1644n.²1683n.³1792v.¹1670v.²1838
随便看	barrel-pen barrel-plating barrel-roll barrel-roofed barrel-scraper barrel-scraping barrel-sewer barrel-shaped barrel-soap barrel-stomached barrel-vault barrel-vaulted barrel-work barrelage barrelages barrelamalgamation barrelbarricade barrelbellied barrelbelly barrelbird barrelboard barrelbodied barrelbulk barrelbutter barrelcampaign

punn.1

Compounds

Derivatives

punn.2

† punn.3

punv.1

punv.2

punn.¹

punn.²

† punn.³

punv.¹

punv.²