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单词 pulverize
释义

pulverizev.

Brit. /ˈpʌlvərʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈpəlvəˌraɪz/
Forms: late Middle English–1500s puluerise, late Middle English–1600s puluerize, 1500s pulueryse, 1600s– pulverise, 1600s– pulverize.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pulverizare.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin pulverizare to reduce to powder or dust (frequently from c1120 in British sources), to spangle, decorate (frequently from 1245 in British sources) < classical Latin pulver- , pulvis pulver n. + post-classical Latin -izare -ize suffix. In sense 4 after pulveratrix n. Compare Middle French, French pulvériser to reduce (a substance) to powder or dust (late 14th cent. in Middle French in past participle polverisé : see pulverized adj.), to demolish, defeat (early 16th cent.; apparently rare before 1704), to turn (a liquid) into spray (1869 in Littré), Old Occitan, Occitan polverejar (13th cent.), polverizar (c1350), Catalan polvoritzar (14th cent.), Spanish pulverizar (late 14th cent.), Italian polverizzare (a1320), all earliest in sense 1a.In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).
1.
a. transitive. To reduce to powder or dust; to grind, crush, break down.In quot. 1691 used intransitively in the progressive with passive meaning.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > form into grains or granules [verb (transitive)] > make into powder or dust
powdera1400
pulverize?a1425
pulverc1425
dustc1440
pulverizate1598
rub1607
pulverate1615
triturate1755
triture1773
powderize1903
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 64v Be þai [sc. the ingredients] puluerized [?c1425 Paris Powdre ham; L. puluerizentur] & incorporate with albumie oui.
c1425 tr. J. Arderne Treat. Fistula (Sloane 6) (1910) 85 (MED) Þe iuyse schal be pressed out and sette to þe son for to dry vnto þat it may be puluerized.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxii. 60 b. A drugge..which being puluerised and tempered in water, they rubbe vppon..the bodye.
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 93 The zealous Prophet, with iust furie moov'd..pulveriz'd their Idol.
1670 A. Martindale Let. 26 Nov. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1970) VII. 290 That parcell of naturall salt..was as hard as allome and as pure, and when pulverized it became an excellent fine and sharpe salt.
1691 R. Boyle Exper. & Observ. Physicæ 22 I was so careful to keep the Stone from touching Iron, when it was pulverising, least [sic] by the Hardnes of it, and the Sharpnes of its Angles, it should grate off some part of the Metal.
1703 M. Martin Descr. W. Islands Scotl. 38 The Natives pulverize it, and take a Dose of it in boiled Milk.
1765 R. Jones New Treat. Artific. Fireworks i. 3 How to pulverise Saltpetre.
?1790 J. Imison Curious & Misc. Articles (new ed.) 69 in School of Arts (ed. 2) Let it dry, and then pulverize it.
1831 J. Sinclair Corr. II. 157 The scarrifier or grubber, for pulverizing the soil.
1883 H. J. Powell Princ. Glass-making 146 The ‘salt-cake’..or sulphate of soda, is likewise pulverized and afterwards sifted.
1923 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics IV. 22/2 The crystal is pulverised and the powder compressed into a rod, placed in the axis of a cylindrical photographic film and subjected to ‘monochromatic’ X-rays.
1942 National Geographic Mag. June 713 (caption) For sago, a basic food in Melanesia, natives cut down the sago palm, hack away the outer bark, and pulverize the pith.
1992 New Scientist 1 Aug. 11/1 The GlassBlaster..pulverises all kinds of bottles together with their caps, labels and even stale beer to produce a mixture of granules ranging from several millimetres across to smooth, harmless sand.
2005 enRoute (Air Canada) Nov. 115/1 Barman Henry LaFargue is..pulverizing blocks of fresh ginger and pineapple with a heavy muddler.
b. transitive. To divide (a liquid) into minute particles; to turn into spray.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of spraying > spray [verb (transitive)] > reduce to spray or mist
pulverize1807
atomize1865
nebulize1867
1807 J. Barlow Columbiad vi. 219 Stroke after stroke with doubling force he plied, Foil'd the hoar Fiend and pulverized the tide.
1877 Manufacturer & Builder Feb. 40/1 A jet of steam is directed upon a fine stream of melted iron, and blows it into spray, just as in the common atomizer a jet of air pulverizes, so to speak, the stream of liquid upon which it is turned.
1900 Times 3 Oct. 12/6 The oil..is pulverized or reduced to spray by means of a steam jet at the furnace door.
1999 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 21 June 4 n The pumps boost pressures as high as 1,350 pounds per square inch to pulverize fuel into smaller, more readily combustible bits.
2. transitive figurative.
a. transitive. To demolish, destroy, defeat; to break down utterly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to
undoc950
shendOE
forfarea1000
endc1000
to do awayOE
aquenchc1175
slayc1175
slayc1175
stathea1200
tinea1300
to-spilla1300
batec1300
bleschea1325
honisha1325
leesea1325
wastec1325
stanch1338
corrumpa1340
destroy1340
to put awayc1350
dissolvec1374
supplanta1382
to-shend1382
aneantizec1384
avoidc1384
to put outa1398
beshenda1400
swelta1400
amortizec1405
distract1413
consumec1425
shelfc1425
abroge1427
downthringc1430
kill1435
poisonc1450
defeat1474
perish1509
to blow away1523
abrogatea1529
to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529
dash?1529
to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531
put in the pot1531
wipea1538
extermine1539
fatec1540
peppera1550
disappoint1563
to put (also set) beside the saddle1563
to cut the throat of1565
to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568
to make a hand of (also on, with)1569
demolish1570
to break the neck of1576
to make shipwreck of1577
spoil1578
to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579
cipher1589
ruinate1590
to cut off by the shins1592
shipwreck1599
exterminate1605
finish1611
damnify1612
ravel1614
braina1616
stagger1629
unrivet1630
consummate1634
pulverizea1640
baffle1649
devil1652
to blow up1660
feague1668
shatter1683
cook1708
to die away1748
to prove fatal (to)1759
to knock up1764
to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834
to put the kibosh on1834
to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835
kibosh1841
to chaw up1843
cooper1851
to jack up1870
scuttle1888
to bugger up1891
jigger1895
torpedo1895
on the fritz1900
to put paid to1901
rot1908
down and out1916
scuppera1918
to put the skids under1918
stonker1919
liquidate1924
to screw up1933
cruel1934
to dig the grave of1934
pox1935
blow1936
to hit for six1937
to piss up1937
to dust off1938
zap1976
a1640 P. Massinger Beleeue as you List (1976) i. ii. 148 You shall..feele reallie that wee haue iron hammers to pulverize rebellion.
1684 R. Baxter Acct. Twelve Arguments Postscr., in Catholick Communion Defended Between both which Truth and Peace is broken, and the Church pulverized.
1792 M. Deverell Mary, Queen of Scots iv. vi. 84 Mean while I'll pulverize this Scotch puissant dame, And whirl a vortex of destruction round her!
1864 J. H. Newman Apologia (1865) iii. 117 The theory of the Via Media was absolutely pulverized.
1895 Col. Maurice in United Service Mag. July 428 The four battalions..were..pulverised and driven helter-skelter partly among the defendants.
1927 S. Ertz Now East, now West xvii. 272 If you have anything more to say..I have arguments that will simply pulverize you.
1990 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 26 Nov. 27/5 Sherwoodstock sceptics—those who said a show giving its profits to charity would not produce quality—had their preconceptions pulverised.
2004 S. Olson Children of God go Bowling xvii. 154 ‘I keep hoping he might kiss me, but he hasn't.’ ‘Usually you want to pulverize someone when he tries to kiss you.’
b. transitive. To dissipate in minute portions. rare.
ΚΠ
1834 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Apr. 219 The responsibility was so pulverized among a passing multitude of nameless individuals.
2000 Gazeta Mercantil Online (Brazil) (Nexis) 31 July President Fernando Henrique Cardoso has already decided that the state-owned company will have its stock pulverized among the public.
3. intransitive. To crumble, turn to dust; to become disintegrated. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > become granular or form grains [verb (intransitive)] > become powder or dust
powder1526
pulverize1758
1758 L. Carter Diary 10 May (1965) I. 225 Moist black meadow grounds..will pulverize fine.
1801 Farmer's Mag. Apr. 147 If they are ploughed in November or December, the rains, snow, and frost, make them pulverize easily.
1860 R. W. Emerson Worship in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 179 The stern old faiths have all pulverized.
1866 P. H. Lawrence tr. B. von Cotta Rocks Classified ii. iii. 275 Sometimes these varieties [of dolomite] pulverise to a crystalline sand.
1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. i. ii. 17 Hard wood will grow hot with friction but its fibers do not pulverize in sufficient quantities to provide substance for the necessary spark.
1999 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 29 Apr. 1 DU [= depleted uranium] burns and pulverizes into dust that can soar in the heat column of a flaming tank and waft for miles on the desert wind.
4. intransitive. Ornithology. Of a bird: to drive dust into the plumage and shake it out as part of feather maintenance (cf. pulveratrix n.). Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Pulverize... To roll or wallow in the dust; take a sand- or dust-bath, as a hen or partridge.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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