purifyv.

Brit.

/ˈpjʊərᵻfʌɪ/,

/ˈpjɔːrᵻfʌɪ/, U.S.

/ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪ/

Forms: Middle English purfyȝe, Middle English purifye, Middle English purisie (transmission error), Middle English–1500s purefie, Middle English–1500s puryfie, Middle English–1500s puryfy, Middle English–1500s puryfye, Middle English–1600s purifie, 1500s– purify, 1600s purifi'd (past participle), 1600s purifide (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 purefe, pre-1700 purefy, pre-1700 purife, pre-1700 puriffy, pre-1700 purifie, pre-1700 purifit (past participle), pre-1700 puryfe, pre-1700 1700s– purify, 1700s peerify.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French purifier.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French purifier, purefier, French purifier to make morally pure (c1175 in Old French), to make ritually pure (c1225 in reflexive use; end of 13th cent. with reference to the churching of women after childbirth; in transitive use from c1343), to make physically pure, to remove impurities from (c1265), to rid (a language) of undesirable elements (1718) < classical Latin pūrificāre to free from dirt, cleanse, to make ceremonially pure, in post-classical Latin also to cleanse from sin (Vulgate), to church (a woman) after childbirth (from late 12th cent. in British sources; from 13th cent. in continental sources) < pūrus pure adj. + -ficāre -fy suffix. Compare Catalan purificar (second half of 13th cent.), Spanish purificar (1385), Portuguese purificar (15th cent.), Italian purificare (a1294). Compare pure v.

1. transitive. To make ceremonially or ritually pure or clean; (formerly) spec. †to church (a woman) after childbirth (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > purify [verb (transitive)]

cleansec1000

hallowc1000

clengea1300

circumcide1340

circumcisec1340

purifyc1350

purgea1430

sanctifya1500

expiate1603

housel1607

lustre1645

lustrate1653

catharize1832

society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > purify [verb (transitive)] > women after childbirth

purifyc1350

church1440

kirka1500

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) l. 8 (MED) Þou shalt purisie [read purifie; L. lavabis] me, and y shal be made whyȝte vp snowe.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. xiv. 8 Whenne þe man haþ wasched his cloþes, he shal shaue alle þe heerys of þe body, & he shal be wasche wiþ water, & purified he shal goon yn to þe tentys.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 310 (MED) Þe quene Margarete, with childe þan was sche þe kyng..went..to se hir & hir barn, & with hir he soiorned tille sho was purified.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 75 Chyrchyn, or puryfyen, purifico.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 276 (MED) Whenne þe Emperesse shulde be purified, she enteryd in to the temple.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Purificacion of Weomen f. xxx*^v The woman that is purifyed, must offer her Crysome.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. 2 Macc. xii. 38 When the seuenth day came on, being purified according to the custome, they kept the Sabbath in the same place.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 74 In the Consecrated stream..to wash off sin, and fit them so Purified to receive him pure.

1731 R. Gwinnett et al. Pylades & Corinna I. 59 They take Girls under the Age of Nine, whom they purify with much Ceremony, that is twelve Times through each of the four Elements, before they are held fit for Sacrifice.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxiii. 399 Yet Ammianus (xxii. 12) clears and purifies the whole ground, according to the rites which the Athenians formerly practised in the isle of Delos.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. vii. 162 The holy places [have been] purified from pollution by the blood of those infidels who defiled them.

1854 J. H. Newman Lect. Hist. Turks iii. ii. 168 The priests washed and purified the altars where their own priests had said mass.

1932 J. G. Neihardt Black Elk Speaks vii. 77 The next day some of the people were building a sweat tepee for a medicine man by the name of Chips, who was going to perform a ceremony and had to be purified first.

1992 Lakota Times (Rapid City, S. Dakota) 5 Aug. a2/2 The evening after the accident, children were purified with sage smoke and got to hold a Pipe passed around.

2. transitive. To make morally or spiritually pure; to cleanse (the soul, conscience, etc.) from moral or spiritual defilement; to free from guilt or sin.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > purity > make pure [verb (transitive)]

cleansec897

shire?c1225

clengea1300

purge1340

purec1350

purifya1393

whitena1400

sprinkle1526

refine1594

simplify1609

sublime1613

purgate1795

revirginize1852

bleach1868

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 3460 (MED) He that wolde him purefie, The hihe god hath mad him clene..He hath him clensed bothe tuo, The bodi and the Soule also.

?c1422 T. Hoccleve Ars Sciendi Mori l. 624 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 201 Thogh deeth assaill and vexe greuously The rightwys man, or slee him sodeynly..He shal be pourged cleene & purified.

c1475 Wisdom (Folger) (1969) 54 (MED) They þat of þe hewy burthen of synne hathe cure, My loue dyschargethe and puryfyethe clene.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. OOiii^v By this gyfte of gostly scyence, the tong of man or woman is purified and fyled.

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 47 But out-vpon ranke, & lothsome ribaldry, that putrifieth, where it should purify.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 John iii. 3 Euery man that hath this hope in him, purifieth himselfe, euen as he is pure.

1688 J. Barker Poet. Recreations i. 18 Friendship..purifies our Love, and makes it flow, I'th' clearest stream.

1729 W. Law Serious Call xxi. 420 Purifying his heart all manner of ways, fearful of every error and defect in his life.

1794 T. Taylor tr. Pausanias Descr. Greece III. 321 For this god is a sophist, who purifies souls after death.

1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxvii. 280 The germ of all that purifies a woman's breast, and makes it true and good, has never stirred in mine.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 3 Each did much to..purify the spiritual self-respect of mankind.

1919 P. G. Wodehouse Their Mutual Child ii. xiv. 264 Absence had purified him of that dull anger which had been his so short a while before.

1988 L. Gordon Eliot's New Life ii. 89 He means to purify himself through solitude, envisaged in terms of the remote lives of desert saints.

2002 Law & Hist. Rev. 20 602 That the Mugwumps are most often remembered for attempting to purify the government should not obscure their deep commitment to advancing private morality.

a. transitive. To make physically pure or clean; to remove dirt, filth, etc., from; (in later use esp.) to remove impurities or contaminants from (a substance).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > remove impurities from [verb (transitive)]

mereeOE

spurge1303

fine1340

sendre1340

purea1350

purgec1350

purifya1398

depurea1400

clarifyc1430

expurge1483

defecatec1487

subtiliate1551

refine?1572

neatify1581

distil1599

sublimate1601

sweeten1601

depurate1620

infresh1635

lustre1645

lustrate1653

freshen1710

chasten1715

epurate1799

enchastena1806

dispollute1862

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 256 Rede wyn..clenseþ by [read þe] weyes of veynes of quitter and of rotednesse and purifieþ þe blood.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xv. 54 The ayer purifyeth and clenseth hym selfe for to receyue the Impressyons of influences of this god.

1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 211 I..dulcely drank of eloquence the fontayne, Quhen it was purifit wyth frost and flowit clere.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 327^v To purifie or pourge it [sc. the metal] from drosse.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxviii. 243 There used to be fires made..to purifie the aire.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 138 Th' officious Nymphs,..With Waters..From earthly dregs his Body purify .

1703 M. Martin Descr. W. Islands Scotl. 183 Water-gruel..purifies the Blood and procures Appetite, when Drunk without Salt.

1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery iv. 292 Lead, divested of its Crudity and Grossness by being purified.

1760–1 C. Lennox Ladies Museum I. 142 Lightnings too, and thunder..whose dreadful explosions..cool and purify the surrounding elements.

1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 71 This sulphur may be purified..by washing it.

1841 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom xxviii. 567 The air required for purifying the blood is, of course, continually changed.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 20 Dec. 3/1 River water is usually purified by sedimentation and filtration.

2000 New Scientist 4 Mar. 97/3 He was the first person to successfully purify cucumber mosaic cucumovirus, now regarded as the most economically important virus occurring in plants.

b. transitive. Christian Church. Of a celebrant: to cleanse (the chalice, paten, etc.) during the Eucharist.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > parts of service > post-communion > [verb (transitive)] > cleanse

rinsea1400

purify1727

1727 tr. N. Menin Hist. & Chronological Treat. Anointing & Coronation Kings & Queens France 165 He [sc. the king] is still for some time on his Knees..while the Archbishop purifies the Chalice.

1786 G. Hay Pious Christian Instructed iii. 87 After the communion the priest purifies the chalice and covers it.

1858 J. Purchas Directorium Anglicanum 62 The Celebrant..first purifies the corporal..and then purifies the paten.

1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) App. at Purification Innocent III...laid it down that the priest should always use wine to purify the chalice, and drink it, unless he was going to say another Mass.

1975 J. F. Noll Father Smith instructs Jackson iii. xxxvi. 216 The servers assist the priest. They bring him wine and water, help him to purify his fingers, and so on.

1990 A. R. Kezel in Birgitta of Sweden 255 The thought and vocabulary of this response are reminiscent of the Roman priest's prayer while purifying the chalice after communion.

4. transitive. To remove (an impurity, disease, etc.) by cleansing; to drive out; to purge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > remove impurities from [verb (transitive)] > remove by purifying

bermc1315

spurgea1395

purifyc1400

defeke1605

defecate1774

c1400 J. Gower Eng. Wks. (1901) II. 491 Al his lepre it hath so purified.

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) (1893) iii. 994 (MED) Hir body..muste be claryfyed And al the carnalite fully puryfied.

1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 31 He, who shineth in darkness, will..purify your pollutions.

1854 R. Montgomery Poet. Wks. I. 34 Affliction with its flame hath purified the dross, and deeper in my soul enstamp'd a Saviour's cross.

1927 V. Woolf To Lighthouse i. xi. 97 It seemed to her like her own eyes meeting her own eyes, searching as she alone could search into her mind and her heart, purifying out of existence that lie, any lie.

1997 E. Cadava Emerson & Climates of Hist. iii. 172 Coming to battle slavery in the name of God, these peoples will purify the sin that has beset America from its beginning.

5. transitive. To rid of undesirable or alien elements; to refine to an ideal state; to return to an original uncorrupted state.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (transitive)] > purify or refine

slick1340

filec1400

polishc1400

burnish1526

polite1535

extirpate1548

purify1548

soften1579

purgea1582

refine1592

mellow1593

civilize1596

rarefy1600

incivilize1603

sublimate1624

alembicate1627

chastise1627

sublime1631

calcine1635

gentilize1635

ennoble1636

subtilize1638

deconcoct1655

sublimizea1729

smooth1762

absterge1817

decrassify1855

sandpaper1890

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. lix The kynge hauynge peace aswell with foreyne princes,..as disburdened and purified of all domesticall sedicion.

1667 T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. i. 40 He saw the French Tongue abundantly purifi'd.

1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 6 That Prince seem'd calculat rather for Poorifying (pardon the Clench) than Purifying the Church.

1784 E. Allen Reason xiii. §1. 426 The last century and a half has done more towards the perfecting of grammar, and purifying the languages, than the world had ever done before.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany III. 373 The country communes determined (April, 1530) that these churches too should be purified.

1890 Spectator 27 Dec. The desire of the Russian Government to ‘purify’ Poland of Germans.

1942 T. S. Eliot Little Gidding ii. 11 Speech impelled us To purify the dialect of the tribe And urge the mind to aftersight and foresight.

1992 W. H. Brock Fontana Hist. Chem. i. 29 He was, in the tradition of humanism, attempting to purify the spelling of a classical root that had been barbarized by Arabic contamination.

6. transitive. Chiefly Scots Law. To fulfil (a condition) so as to render a legal obligation unconditional or absolute; (also) to make (a contract or obligation) unconditional or absolute. Cf. pure adj. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal obligation > put under legal obligation [verb (transitive)] > free an obligation from conditions

purify1590

1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iv. f. 133 If he die, then is the condition said to be purified or extant, and so thou art to bee admitted, otherwise not.

a1623 H. Swinburne Treat. Spousals (1686) 130 Whether in this Case the conditional Contract be purified and made perfect Matrimony, is a Question.

1671 in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) II. 553 He suspends upon this reason, that the bond was conditional..but this condition was never purified; but to the contrary, a second donatar to the said ward and marriage..was preferred.

1711 S. C. Misc. I. 62 The doctor..having now taken the oath to her Majesty, and so purified the condition of the sentence, hath undoubted right and title.

1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. II. iii. vii. §9 Obligations, where the condition is not purified, or the term of payment not come within the seven years.

1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) at Obligation A conditional obligation, dependent on an event which may never happen, has no obligatory force until the condition be purified.

1927 W. M. Gloag & R. C. Henderson Introd. Law Scotl. 29 If a legacy is given on a condition which is partly potestative, it is held to be purified if the legatee has done all that he could to purify it, though he have failed.

1992 Times Sc. Law Rep. 23 Dec. 22/1 A suspensive condition of payment under the underlying contract had been purified only by the fraud of a third party to that contract.

†7. intransitive. To become pure. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > become free from impurities [verb (intransitive)]

finea1425

refine1604

reclear1615

purify1645

depurate1768

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (intransitive)] > become purified or refined

sublime1624

polish1712

mellow1737

bleach1799

purify1805

sublimate1850

society > morality > virtue > purity > become pure [verb (intransitive)]

purec1350

purify1852

1645 [implied in: H. Hammond Death-bed Repentance 35 God's mercy in Christ, his general but conditionall mercy for all penitent purifying sinners.].

1668 R. Steele Husbandmans Calling ix. 237 Water, if it stand, it putrifies: if it run, it purifies.

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 580 He does not put it in water to purify.

1805 R. Southey Let. in C. C. Southey Life & Corr. R. Southey (1850) II. 347 Send them to new settlements, and let the old ones purify.

1852 H. E. Manning Grounds of Faith i. 21 Of the intermediate state of departed souls, purifying for the kingdom of God.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	purify
释义	purifyv. Brit. /ˈpjʊərᵻfʌɪ/, /ˈpjɔːrᵻfʌɪ/, U.S. /ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪ/ Forms: Middle English purfyȝe, Middle English purifye, Middle English purisie (transmission error), Middle English–1500s purefie, Middle English–1500s puryfie, Middle English–1500s puryfy, Middle English–1500s puryfye, Middle English–1600s purifie, 1500s– purify, 1600s purifi'd (past participle), 1600s purifide (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 purefe, pre-1700 purefy, pre-1700 purife, pre-1700 puriffy, pre-1700 purifie, pre-1700 purifit (past participle), pre-1700 puryfe, pre-1700 1700s– purify, 1700s peerify. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French purifier. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French purifier, purefier, French purifier to make morally pure (c1175 in Old French), to make ritually pure (c1225 in reflexive use; end of 13th cent. with reference to the churching of women after childbirth; in transitive use from c1343), to make physically pure, to remove impurities from (c1265), to rid (a language) of undesirable elements (1718) < classical Latin pūrificāre to free from dirt, cleanse, to make ceremonially pure, in post-classical Latin also to cleanse from sin (Vulgate), to church (a woman) after childbirth (from late 12th cent. in British sources; from 13th cent. in continental sources) < pūrus pure adj. + -ficāre -fy suffix. Compare Catalan purificar (second half of 13th cent.), Spanish purificar (1385), Portuguese purificar (15th cent.), Italian purificare (a1294). Compare pure v. 1. transitive. To make ceremonially or ritually pure or clean; (formerly) spec. †to church (a woman) after childbirth (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > purify [verb (transitive)] cleansec1000 hallowc1000 clengea1300 circumcide1340 circumcisec1340 purifyc1350 purgea1430 sanctifya1500 expiate1603 housel1607 lustre1645 lustrate1653 catharize1832 society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > purify [verb (transitive)] > women after childbirth purifyc1350 church1440 kirka1500 c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) l. 8 (MED) Þou shalt purisie [read purifie; L. lavabis] me, and y shal be made whyȝte vp snowe. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. xiv. 8 Whenne þe man haþ wasched his cloþes, he shal shaue alle þe heerys of þe body, & he shal be wasche wiþ water, & purified he shal goon yn to þe tentys. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 310 (MED) Þe quene Margarete, with childe þan was sche þe kyng..went..to se hir & hir barn, & with hir he soiorned tille sho was purified. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 75 Chyrchyn, or puryfyen, purifico. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 276 (MED) Whenne þe Emperesse shulde be purified, she enteryd in to the temple. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Purificacion of Weomen f. xxx^v The woman that is purifyed, must offer her Crysome. 1610 Bible (Douay)* II. 2 Macc. xii. 38 When the seuenth day came on, being purified according to the custome, they kept the Sabbath in the same place. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 74 In the Consecrated stream..to wash off sin, and fit them so Purified to receive him pure. View more context for this quotation 1731 R. Gwinnett et al. Pylades & Corinna I. 59 They take Girls under the Age of Nine, whom they purify with much Ceremony, that is twelve Times through each of the four Elements, before they are held fit for Sacrifice. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxiii. 399 Yet Ammianus (xxii. 12) clears and purifies the whole ground, according to the rites which the Athenians formerly practised in the isle of Delos. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. vii. 162 The holy places [have been] purified from pollution by the blood of those infidels who defiled them. 1854 J. H. Newman Lect. Hist. Turks iii. ii. 168 The priests washed and purified the altars where their own priests had said mass. 1932 J. G. Neihardt Black Elk Speaks vii. 77 The next day some of the people were building a sweat tepee for a medicine man by the name of Chips, who was going to perform a ceremony and had to be purified first. 1992 Lakota Times (Rapid City, S. Dakota) 5 Aug. a2/2 The evening after the accident, children were purified with sage smoke and got to hold a Pipe passed around. 2. transitive. To make morally or spiritually pure; to cleanse (the soul, conscience, etc.) from moral or spiritual defilement; to free from guilt or sin. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > purity > make pure [verb (transitive)] cleansec897 shire?c1225 clengea1300 purge1340 purec1350 purifya1393 whitena1400 sprinkle1526 refine1594 simplify1609 sublime1613 purgate1795 revirginize1852 bleach1868 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 3460 (MED) He that wolde him purefie, The hihe god hath mad him clene..He hath him clensed bothe tuo, The bodi and the Soule also. ?c1422 T. Hoccleve Ars Sciendi Mori l. 624 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 201 Thogh deeth assaill and vexe greuously The rightwys man, or slee him sodeynly..He shal be pourged cleene & purified. c1475 Wisdom (Folger) (1969) 54 (MED) They þat of þe hewy burthen of synne hathe cure, My loue dyschargethe and puryfyethe clene. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. OOiii^v By this gyfte of gostly scyence, the tong of man or woman is purified and fyled. 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 47 But out-vpon ranke, & lothsome ribaldry, that putrifieth, where it should purify. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 John iii. 3 Euery man that hath this hope in him, purifieth himselfe, euen as he is pure. View more context for this quotation 1688 J. Barker Poet. Recreations i. 18 Friendship..purifies our Love, and makes it flow, I'th' clearest stream. 1729 W. Law Serious Call xxi. 420 Purifying his heart all manner of ways, fearful of every error and defect in his life. 1794 T. Taylor tr. Pausanias Descr. Greece III. 321 For this god is a sophist, who purifies souls after death. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxvii. 280 The germ of all that purifies a woman's breast, and makes it true and good, has never stirred in mine. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 3 Each did much to..purify the spiritual self-respect of mankind. 1919 P. G. Wodehouse Their Mutual Child ii. xiv. 264 Absence had purified him of that dull anger which had been his so short a while before. 1988 L. Gordon Eliot's New Life ii. 89 He means to purify himself through solitude, envisaged in terms of the remote lives of desert saints. 2002 Law & Hist. Rev. 20 602 That the Mugwumps are most often remembered for attempting to purify the government should not obscure their deep commitment to advancing private morality. 3. a. transitive. To make physically pure or clean; to remove dirt, filth, etc., from; (in later use esp.) to remove impurities or contaminants from (a substance). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > remove impurities from [verb (transitive)] mereeOE spurge1303 fine1340 sendre1340 purea1350 purgec1350 purifya1398 depurea1400 clarifyc1430 expurge1483 defecatec1487 subtiliate1551 refine?1572 neatify1581 distil1599 sublimate1601 sweeten1601 depurate1620 infresh1635 lustre1645 lustrate1653 freshen1710 chasten1715 epurate1799 enchastena1806 dispollute1862 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 256 Rede wyn..clenseþ by [read þe] weyes of veynes of quitter and of rotednesse and purifieþ þe blood. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xv. 54 The ayer purifyeth and clenseth hym selfe for to receyue the Impressyons of influences of this god. 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 211 I..dulcely drank of eloquence the fontayne, Quhen it was purifit wyth frost and flowit clere. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 327^v To purifie or pourge it [sc. the metal] from drosse. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxviii. 243 There used to be fires made..to purifie the aire. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 138 Th' officious Nymphs,..With Waters..From earthly dregs his Body purify . View more context for this quotation 1703 M. Martin Descr. W. Islands Scotl. 183 Water-gruel..purifies the Blood and procures Appetite, when Drunk without Salt. 1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery iv. 292 Lead, divested of its Crudity and Grossness by being purified. 1760–1 C. Lennox Ladies Museum I. 142 Lightnings too, and thunder..whose dreadful explosions..cool and purify the surrounding elements. 1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 71 This sulphur may be purified..by washing it. 1841 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom xxviii. 567 The air required for purifying the blood is, of course, continually changed. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 20 Dec. 3/1 River water is usually purified by sedimentation and filtration. 2000 New Scientist 4 Mar. 97/3 He was the first person to successfully purify cucumber mosaic cucumovirus, now regarded as the most economically important virus occurring in plants. b. transitive. Christian Church. Of a celebrant: to cleanse (the chalice, paten, etc.) during the Eucharist. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > parts of service > post-communion > [verb (transitive)] > cleanse rinsea1400 purify1727 1727 tr. N. Menin Hist. & Chronological Treat. Anointing & Coronation Kings & Queens France 165 He [sc. the king] is still for some time on his Knees..while the Archbishop purifies the Chalice. 1786 G. Hay Pious Christian Instructed iii. 87 After the communion the priest purifies the chalice and covers it. 1858 J. Purchas Directorium Anglicanum 62 The Celebrant..first purifies the corporal..and then purifies the paten. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) App. at Purification Innocent III...laid it down that the priest should always use wine to purify the chalice, and drink it, unless he was going to say another Mass. 1975 J. F. Noll Father Smith instructs Jackson iii. xxxvi. 216 The servers assist the priest. They bring him wine and water, help him to purify his fingers, and so on. 1990 A. R. Kezel in Birgitta of Sweden 255 The thought and vocabulary of this response are reminiscent of the Roman priest's prayer while purifying the chalice after communion. 4. transitive. To remove (an impurity, disease, etc.) by cleansing; to drive out; to purge. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > remove impurities from [verb (transitive)] > remove by purifying bermc1315 spurgea1395 purifyc1400 defeke1605 defecate1774 c1400 J. Gower Eng. Wks. (1901) II. 491 Al his lepre it hath so purified. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) (1893) iii. 994 (MED) Hir body..muste be claryfyed And al the carnalite fully puryfied. 1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 31 He, who shineth in darkness, will..purify your pollutions. 1854 R. Montgomery Poet. Wks. I. 34 Affliction with its flame hath purified the dross, and deeper in my soul enstamp'd a Saviour's cross. 1927 V. Woolf To Lighthouse i. xi. 97 It seemed to her like her own eyes meeting her own eyes, searching as she alone could search into her mind and her heart, purifying out of existence that lie, any lie. 1997 E. Cadava Emerson & Climates of Hist. iii. 172 Coming to battle slavery in the name of God, these peoples will purify the sin that has beset America from its beginning. 5. transitive. To rid of undesirable or alien elements; to refine to an ideal state; to return to an original uncorrupted state. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (transitive)] > purify or refine slick1340 filec1400 polishc1400 burnish1526 polite1535 extirpate1548 purify1548 soften1579 purgea1582 refine1592 mellow1593 civilize1596 rarefy1600 incivilize1603 sublimate1624 alembicate1627 chastise1627 sublime1631 calcine1635 gentilize1635 ennoble1636 subtilize1638 deconcoct1655 sublimizea1729 smooth1762 absterge1817 decrassify1855 sandpaper1890 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. lix The kynge hauynge peace aswell with foreyne princes,..as disburdened and purified of all domesticall sedicion. 1667 T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. i. 40 He saw the French Tongue abundantly purifi'd. 1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 6 That Prince seem'd calculat rather for Poorifying (pardon the Clench) than Purifying the Church. 1784 E. Allen Reason xiii. §1. 426 The last century and a half has done more towards the perfecting of grammar, and purifying the languages, than the world had ever done before. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany III. 373 The country communes determined (April, 1530) that these churches too should be purified. 1890 Spectator 27 Dec. The desire of the Russian Government to ‘purify’ Poland of Germans. 1942 T. S. Eliot Little Gidding ii. 11 Speech impelled us To purify the dialect of the tribe And urge the mind to aftersight and foresight. 1992 W. H. Brock Fontana Hist. Chem. i. 29 He was, in the tradition of humanism, attempting to purify the spelling of a classical root that had been barbarized by Arabic contamination. 6. transitive. Chiefly Scots Law. To fulfil (a condition) so as to render a legal obligation unconditional or absolute; (also) to make (a contract or obligation) unconditional or absolute. Cf. pure adj. 2b. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal obligation > put under legal obligation [verb (transitive)] > free an obligation from conditions purify1590 1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iv. f. 133 If he die, then is the condition said to be purified or extant, and so thou art to bee admitted, otherwise not. a1623 H. Swinburne Treat. Spousals (1686) 130 Whether in this Case the conditional Contract be purified and made perfect Matrimony, is a Question. 1671 in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) II. 553 He suspends upon this reason, that the bond was conditional..but this condition was never purified; but to the contrary, a second donatar to the said ward and marriage..was preferred. 1711 S. C. Misc. I. 62 The doctor..having now taken the oath to her Majesty, and so purified the condition of the sentence, hath undoubted right and title. 1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. II. iii. vii. §9 Obligations, where the condition is not purified, or the term of payment not come within the seven years. 1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) at Obligation A conditional obligation, dependent on an event which may never happen, has no obligatory force until the condition be purified. 1927 W. M. Gloag & R. C. Henderson Introd. Law Scotl. 29 If a legacy is given on a condition which is partly potestative, it is held to be purified if the legatee has done all that he could to purify it, though he have failed. 1992 Times Sc. Law Rep. 23 Dec. 22/1 A suspensive condition of payment under the underlying contract had been purified only by the fraud of a third party to that contract. †7. intransitive. To become pure. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > become free from impurities [verb (intransitive)] finea1425 refine1604 reclear1615 purify1645 depurate1768 the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (intransitive)] > become purified or refined sublime1624 polish1712 mellow1737 bleach1799 purify1805 sublimate1850 society > morality > virtue > purity > become pure [verb (intransitive)] purec1350 purify1852 1645 [implied in: H. Hammond Death-bed Repentance 35 God's mercy in Christ, his general but conditionall mercy for all penitent purifying sinners.]. 1668 R. Steele Husbandmans Calling ix. 237 Water, if it stand, it putrifies: if it run, it purifies. 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 580 He does not put it in water to purify. 1805 R. Southey Let. in C. C. Southey Life & Corr. R. Southey (1850) II. 347 Send them to new settlements, and let the old ones purify. 1852 H. E. Manning Grounds of Faith i. 21 Of the intermediate state of departed souls, purifying for the kingdom of God. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1350
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