purificationn.

Brit.

/ˌpjʊərᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/,

/ˌpjɔːrᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌpjʊrəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms:

α. Middle English purificacionne, Middle English purificacioun, Middle English purificaciun, Middle English puryficacioun, Middle English puryficaciun, Middle English puryficacyone, Middle English puryficacyoun, Middle English puryfycacyoun, Middle English puryfycatyon, Middle English–1500s purificacyon, Middle English–1500s puryficacion, Middle English–1500s puryfycacion, Middle English–1600s purificacion, late Middle English–1500s purificacon, late Middle English–1500s puryfycacyon, 1500s purifycacon, 1500s puryfication, 1500s puryfycacon, 1500s– purification; Scottish pre-1700 purificacion, pre-1700 purificacione, pre-1700 purificacioun, pre-1700 purificatione, pre-1700 purificatioun, pre-1700 purificatyowne, pre-1700 puryficatioun, pre-1700 puryficatyown, 1700s– purification.

β. Middle English paryfycacyon, Middle English perification, 1500s paryfication.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French purificaciun, purification; Latin pūrificātiōn-, pūrificātiō.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman purificaciun, purificacioun, and Anglo-Norman and Middle French purification, purificacion ritual cleansing in accordance with Jewish religious laws, especially with regard to the ceremonial purification of the Virgin Mary (end of 12th cent. in Old French), process of making (a soul) morally or spiritually pure (a1374), religious practices of ritual cleansing generally (1580), removal of impurities from a substance (in chemistry) (1688), cleansing of sacred vessels during the Eucharist (1694), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin pūrificātiōn-, pūrificātiō action or process of making ritually clean (Pliny), in post-classical Latin specifically the ritual cleansing of a woman after childbirth through the observances enjoined by Jewish law (Vulgate), also spiritual justification of a sinner (3rd cent.), churching of women (from 12th cent. in British and continental sources), action of making physically clean (from 15th cent. in British sources; 1542 in the passage translated in quot. 1597 at sense 3a) < pūrificāt- , past participial stem of pūrificāre purify v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan purificatio (14th cent. or earlier; Occitan purificacion ), Catalan purificació (end of 13th cent.), Spanish purificación (1235 as purification ), Portuguese purificaçao (14th cent. as purificaçom ), Italian purificazione (13th cent.). Compare purifying n.With the Purification (of Our Lady, of the Virgin Mary, etc.) at sense 1b compare post-classical Latin purificatio Beatae Mariae, purificatio Sanctae Mariae (from 10th cent. (frequently from 11th cent.) in British sources), and Anglo-Norman Purificacion de Notre Dame and Old French, Middle French Purification Nostre Dame (13th cent. or earlier).

a. The action or process of making ceremonially or ritually clean; spec. the ritual cleansing of a woman after childbirth in accordance with Jewish religious laws; an instance of this.Formerly also applied to the churching of women.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > [noun]

washingc1375

purgationa1382

purificationc1384

expiation1532

emundation1610

lustration1614

februationa1652

lustrating1653

water purification1722

samskara1807

society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > [noun] > of women, following childbirth

church gangOE

purgationa1382

purificationc1384

churching1470

kirking1488

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John iii. 25 Sothli, a questioun, or axyng, is maad of Johnis disciplis with the Jewis of the purificacioun, or clensing [L. de Purificatione].

c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 60 Ȝit stode that worthy lady of all the world in that symple herborwe with hir blissed sone Jesu..paciently abidynge vnto the fourty day ordeyned by the lawe to hir purificacioun.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 276 (MED) Þe lawe was þat tyme that eche woman shud go to chirche in tyme of hire purificacion.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) f. xxx (heading) The order of the purificacion of weomen.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 34 The feast of Lupercalia..is ordeined for a purification.

1609 Bible (Douay) I. Lev. xii. 6 And when the daies of her purification are expired, for a sonne, or for a daughter, she shal bring a lambe of a yeare old for an holocaust.

1671 J. Sharp Midwives Bk. v. i. 233 A woman delivered of a Boy, must continue in her purification thirty three dayes, and for a girl sixty six days.

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero I. i. 6 This name was..imposed..on the ninth day, called the lustrical, or day of purification.

1769 W. Buchan Domest. Med. i. 91 The Mahometan, as well as the Jewish religion, enjoins various bathings, washings, and purifications.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. i. iv. 83 More than half of one book of the [Brahminical] Code is filled with rules about purification.

1892 E. P. Barrow Regni Evangelium i. 56 The proselyte's bath of Levitical purification.

1921 J. Hastings Encycl. Relig. XII. 128/2 We find a striking resemblance to the American customs in Herodotus's description of the use of the sweat-bath among the Scythians as a means of purification, after mourning.

1926 Jewish Q. Rev. 17 12 The woman after childbirth in this instance had already observed the time of her purification, as prescribed in Lev. 12, 2, but had not immersed yet.

2000 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 119 730 A more striking example of ellipsis is the consistent omission of ablutions in the purification prescribed for contact with prohibited carcasses.

b. Christian Church. the Purification (of Our Lady, of the Virgin Mary, etc.): the ceremonial purification of the Virgin Mary after the birth of Jesus, culminating in her presentation of Jesus in the Temple (Luke 2:22); the festival commemorating this, also called Candlemas (2 February).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Candlemas > [noun]

Candlemas1014

Saint Mary dayc1300

the Purification (of Our Lady, of the Virgin Mary, etc.)1389

chandry1478

OE Ælfric 2nd Let. to Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 214 Ge sculon on þam mæssedæge, þe is gehaten purificatio sanctę Marię, bletsian candela and beran mid lofsange.]

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 49 (MED) Þe secunde morspeche shal bene aftir þe Purificacioun of our leuedy.

?1444 J. Gresham in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 14 Wretyn..þe Wednesseday next to-fore þe fest of the Purificacion of Oure Lady at London.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 57 (MED) This day, good men, is called þe puryfycacyon of our lady; þat ys yn Englyssche tong, þe clansyng of oure lady.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xxij^v After the Purificacion of our Lady, the Kyng created Sir Charles Brandon Viscount Lisle.

1588 A. King tr. St. Peter Canisius Catech. in T. G. Law Catholic Tractates (1901) 177 Febrvar..2, Kandelmes whilk is the purificatione of our Lady vnder Augustus.

1635 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge (new ed.) vi. 357 They conclude to finish this businesse the second night after, which..was the very Eve of the purification of the blessed Virgin Mary.

1670 J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales 18 To hold from the Feast of the Purification next, for 40 years.

1750 A. Bower Hist. Popes II. 227 The Feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary..is thought by some to have been introduced in the room of the Lupercalia, which were kept on the same Day.

a1771 T. Martin Hist. Thetford (1779) xi. 103 The abbot and convent further granted, that..they should receive of the cellerer yearly fifty two shillings, on the feasts of the Purification and of St. John Baptist.

1845 S. Judd Margaret iii. 421 Why should we observe the Purification of the Virgin Mary, St. Michael's Day or Ash-Wednesday?

1880 F. Meyrick in W. Smith & S. Cheetham Dict. Christian Antiq. II. 1140/2 The Purification... As first instituted, this was not a Festival of St. Mary, but of our Lord; and so it has always remained in the Eastern church.

1950 Trans. Proc. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 65 871 The account seems to run from the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary.

1998 Tulsa Stud. Women's Lit. 17 240 Candlemas was the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary and the recognition of Christ as Messiah by Simeon.

2. The action or process of making morally or spiritually pure; the freeing of something from sin, guilt, etc.; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > purity > [noun] > moral purification

cleansingc1000

purgationc1384

purgatoryc1400

circumcision1526

purificationa1560

defecation1632

castification1653

a1560 Arundel MS 287/275 Haill, verray virginite..Quhais purificacioun Of syne wes our purgacioun.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Worthy Communicant iii. 62 Water [in baptism] is the symbol of purification of the soul from sin.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 131 A person who, for the purification of his soul, ought to remain in Purgatory a hundred thousand years.

1793 Times 30 Sept. 3/2 Some Citizens demanded that all the girls of the town should be thrown into prison, as their houses were the nests of the Aristocrats, and they require purification.

1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. iii. 117 To make his prison a place of purification and improvement, not of demoralisation and corruption.

1849 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. (new ed.) I. ii. 168 [Rousseau's essay] on the question—‘Have the arts and sciences contributed to the corruption or purification of morals?’

1912 Catholic Encycl. XIII. 298/1 The purification of the soul by grace.

2002 Slavic Rev. 61 498 Pushkin's lucid awareness of the difficulty of achieving the required level of moral purification meant that the poet..could not achieve the status of a true prophet.

a. The action or process of making physically pure or clean; the removal of dirt, filth, etc.; (in later use esp.) the removal of impurities or contaminants from a substance; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [noun]

purginga1382

expurgationc1420

purgationc1425

undefoilingc1425

purgement1483

sublimating1559

sweetening1591

purgatory1596

purification1597

purge1598

depuration1603

refinement1611

castigation1615

lustrationc1635

purifaction1652

refreshing1719

depurating1762

epuration1800

neatifying1826

vastation1847

1597 tr. R. Bacon Disc. Force Art & Nature in Mirror of Alchimy 81 As for purification [L. purificatio], distillation, separation, sublimation, calcination, and inquisition, they are fellow-workers with the former [sc. congelation, resolution, etc.].

1661 R. Boyle Ess. Unsuccessf. Exper. i, in Wks. (1772) I. 327 I discerned a considerable difference in the operations of several kinds of salt-petre even after purification.

1703 tr. P. Dionis Anat. Humane Bodies Improv'd 142 I do not assert, that the Liver contributes nothing towards the refining of the Blood: But 'twill here be necessary to set forth the manner of this Purification.

1798 J. Austen Let. 27 Oct. (1995) 18 John Steevens' wife undertakes our Purification; she does not look as if anything she touched would ever be clean, but who knows?

1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 465 He is minute in his directions for its purification and preparation.

1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 66 The art of the tallow-chandler. Purification of spermaceti.

1913 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 26 707 Preparation and purification of the gases.

1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) I. xxxi. 825/2 Stepwise purifications of these crude..extracts were made and the compound has not been obtained in pure form.

2000 W. R. Newman in F. L. Holmes & T. H. Levere Instruments & Exper. Hist. Chem. ii. 37 The De Aluminibus et Salibus describes rock salt (sal gemma), table salt (sal panis),..and others, giving detailed instructions for their purification.

b. Christian Church. Esp. in the Roman Catholic Church: the cleansing of a chalice, paten, etc., by a celebrant during or after the Eucharist. Cf. ablution n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > parts of service > post-communion > [noun] > cleansing of chalice

lotion1529

ablution1699

purification1768

1768 P. Baker Holy Altar & Sacrifice Explain'd ii. xiv. 167 I observe after this he takes another Ablution, and that with Water and Wine. Why this?.. It..serves for a thorough and further Purification of the Chalice.

1853 J. D. H. Dale tr. G. Baldeschi Ceremonial Rom. Rite 49 He..takes the purification [It. purificazione] and ablution as usual, cleanses the chalice..with a purificator.

1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) App. Purification, as distinct from ablution, is the pouring of wine into the chalice after the priest's communion, the wine being drunk by the priest. This purification is not of ancient date.

1961 Metrop. Mus. Art Bull. 19 164 These were probably originally used during the service for the preparation of the oblations and the purification of the chalice after communion.

1999 M. Witczak in A. J. Chupungco Handbk. Liturg. Stud. III. vi. 167 The purification of the vessels, which used to take place at the center of the altar, now can take place at a side table.

4. The action or process of ridding something of undesirable or alien elements; refinement to an uncorrupted or ideal state; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] > purification or refinement

polishingc1400

mellowing1528

smoothing1577

polishment1594

refinement1611

alembication1616

lustrationc1635

purification1753

burnishing1780

smoothification1799

limation1852

1753 T. Smollett Ferdinand Count Fathom I. i. 5 You..are one of those consummate connoissers, who, in their purifications, let humour evaporate, while they endeavour to preserve decorum.

1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature Demonstrative Evid. 132 The purification of the Greek grammar from a few of its absurdities.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany III. 395 Zwingli demanded..the purification of the council from the ungodly.

1861 T. Wright Ess. Archæol. II. xiv. 59 The invention of printing..contributed towards the final purification of the English language.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 97/2 It added to its objects the study of Dante and the purification of the Italian language.

1964 J. Etmekjian French Influence Western Armenian Renaissance 1843–1915 74 The greatest contribution of the Mkhit'arists lies in the purification of the classical language... The modern Armenian theatre was born in Mkhit'arist schools.

1994 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 66 112 Historians have revealed German medicine and German doctors providing pseudoscientific justification for the ‘purification of the race’.

Compounds

purification flower n. now historical the snowdrop, Galanthus nivalis, which flowers around the time of the feast of the Purification.

ΚΠ

1866 Aunt Judy's Mag. 1 116 Annie asked about its [sc. the snowdrop's] names, and she mentioned..‘the morning star of flowers’, ‘fair maid of February’, ‘purification flower’.

1965 Times 23 July 14/6 At Candlemas these ‘purification flowers’ were used to decorate the altar.

1987 Folklore 98 198 Along the Welsh Border, when the decorations were removed a bowl of snowdrops, the special flower of Candlemas, was sometimes brought in to drive out evil... One of the snowdrop's popular names was the ‘purification flower’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	purification
释义	purificationn. Brit. /ˌpjʊərᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/, /ˌpjɔːrᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌpjʊrəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: α. Middle English purificacionne, Middle English purificacioun, Middle English purificaciun, Middle English puryficacioun, Middle English puryficaciun, Middle English puryficacyone, Middle English puryficacyoun, Middle English puryfycacyoun, Middle English puryfycatyon, Middle English–1500s purificacyon, Middle English–1500s puryficacion, Middle English–1500s puryfycacion, Middle English–1600s purificacion, late Middle English–1500s purificacon, late Middle English–1500s puryfycacyon, 1500s purifycacon, 1500s puryfication, 1500s puryfycacon, 1500s– purification; Scottish pre-1700 purificacion, pre-1700 purificacione, pre-1700 purificacioun, pre-1700 purificatione, pre-1700 purificatioun, pre-1700 purificatyowne, pre-1700 puryficatioun, pre-1700 puryficatyown, 1700s– purification. β. Middle English paryfycacyon, Middle English perification, 1500s paryfication. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French purificaciun, purification; Latin pūrificātiōn-, pūrificātiō. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman purificaciun, purificacioun, and Anglo-Norman and Middle French purification, purificacion ritual cleansing in accordance with Jewish religious laws, especially with regard to the ceremonial purification of the Virgin Mary (end of 12th cent. in Old French), process of making (a soul) morally or spiritually pure (a1374), religious practices of ritual cleansing generally (1580), removal of impurities from a substance (in chemistry) (1688), cleansing of sacred vessels during the Eucharist (1694), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin pūrificātiōn-, pūrificātiō action or process of making ritually clean (Pliny), in post-classical Latin specifically the ritual cleansing of a woman after childbirth through the observances enjoined by Jewish law (Vulgate), also spiritual justification of a sinner (3rd cent.), churching of women (from 12th cent. in British and continental sources), action of making physically clean (from 15th cent. in British sources; 1542 in the passage translated in quot. 1597 at sense 3a) < pūrificāt- , past participial stem of pūrificāre purify v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan purificatio (14th cent. or earlier; Occitan purificacion ), Catalan purificació (end of 13th cent.), Spanish purificación (1235 as purification ), Portuguese purificaçao (14th cent. as purificaçom ), Italian purificazione (13th cent.). Compare purifying n.With the Purification (of Our Lady, of the Virgin Mary, etc.) at sense 1b compare post-classical Latin purificatio Beatae Mariae, purificatio Sanctae Mariae (from 10th cent. (frequently from 11th cent.) in British sources), and Anglo-Norman Purificacion de Notre Dame and Old French, Middle French Purification Nostre Dame (13th cent. or earlier). 1. a. The action or process of making ceremonially or ritually clean; spec. the ritual cleansing of a woman after childbirth in accordance with Jewish religious laws; an instance of this.Formerly also applied to the churching of women. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > [noun] washingc1375 purgationa1382 purificationc1384 expiation1532 emundation1610 lustration1614 februationa1652 lustrating1653 water purification1722 samskara1807 society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > [noun] > of women, following childbirth church gangOE purgationa1382 purificationc1384 churching1470 kirking1488 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John iii. 25 Sothli, a questioun, or axyng, is maad of Johnis disciplis with the Jewis of the purificacioun, or clensing [L. de Purificatione]. c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 60 Ȝit stode that worthy lady of all the world in that symple herborwe with hir blissed sone Jesu..paciently abidynge vnto the fourty day ordeyned by the lawe to hir purificacioun. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 276 (MED) Þe lawe was þat tyme that eche woman shud go to chirche in tyme of hire purificacion. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) f. xxx (heading) The order of the purificacion of weomen. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 34 The feast of Lupercalia..is ordeined for a purification. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. Lev. xii. 6 And when the daies of her purification are expired, for a sonne, or for a daughter, she shal bring a lambe of a yeare old for an holocaust. 1671 J. Sharp Midwives Bk. v. i. 233 A woman delivered of a Boy, must continue in her purification thirty three dayes, and for a girl sixty six days. 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero I. i. 6 This name was..imposed..on the ninth day, called the lustrical, or day of purification. 1769 W. Buchan Domest. Med. i. 91 The Mahometan, as well as the Jewish religion, enjoins various bathings, washings, and purifications. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. i. iv. 83 More than half of one book of the [Brahminical] Code is filled with rules about purification. 1892 E. P. Barrow Regni Evangelium i. 56 The proselyte's bath of Levitical purification. 1921 J. Hastings Encycl. Relig. XII. 128/2 We find a striking resemblance to the American customs in Herodotus's description of the use of the sweat-bath among the Scythians as a means of purification, after mourning. 1926 Jewish Q. Rev. 17 12 The woman after childbirth in this instance had already observed the time of her purification, as prescribed in Lev. 12, 2, but had not immersed yet. 2000 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 119 730 A more striking example of ellipsis is the consistent omission of ablutions in the purification prescribed for contact with prohibited carcasses. b. Christian Church. the Purification (of Our Lady, of the Virgin Mary, etc.): the ceremonial purification of the Virgin Mary after the birth of Jesus, culminating in her presentation of Jesus in the Temple (Luke 2:22); the festival commemorating this, also called Candlemas (2 February). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Candlemas > [noun] Candlemas1014 Saint Mary dayc1300 the Purification (of Our Lady, of the Virgin Mary, etc.)1389 chandry1478 OE Ælfric 2nd Let. to Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 214 Ge sculon on þam mæssedæge, þe is gehaten purificatio sanctę Marię, bletsian candela and beran mid lofsange.] 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 49 (MED) Þe secunde morspeche shal bene aftir þe Purificacioun of our leuedy. ?1444 J. Gresham in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 14 Wretyn..þe Wednesseday next to-fore þe fest of the Purificacion of Oure Lady at London. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 57 (MED) This day, good men, is called þe puryfycacyon of our lady; þat ys yn Englyssche tong, þe clansyng of oure lady. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xxij^v After the Purificacion of our Lady, the Kyng created Sir Charles Brandon Viscount Lisle. 1588 A. King tr. St. Peter Canisius Catech. in T. G. Law Catholic Tractates (1901) 177 Febrvar..2, Kandelmes whilk is the purificatione of our Lady vnder Augustus. 1635 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge (new ed.) vi. 357 They conclude to finish this businesse the second night after, which..was the very Eve of the purification of the blessed Virgin Mary. 1670 J. Pettus Fodinæ Regales 18 To hold from the Feast of the Purification next, for 40 years. 1750 A. Bower Hist. Popes II. 227 The Feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary..is thought by some to have been introduced in the room of the Lupercalia, which were kept on the same Day. a1771 T. Martin Hist. Thetford (1779) xi. 103 The abbot and convent further granted, that..they should receive of the cellerer yearly fifty two shillings, on the feasts of the Purification and of St. John Baptist. 1845 S. Judd Margaret iii. 421 Why should we observe the Purification of the Virgin Mary, St. Michael's Day or Ash-Wednesday? 1880 F. Meyrick in W. Smith & S. Cheetham Dict. Christian Antiq. II. 1140/2 The Purification... As first instituted, this was not a Festival of St. Mary, but of our Lord; and so it has always remained in the Eastern church. 1950 Trans. Proc. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 65 871 The account seems to run from the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary. 1998 Tulsa Stud. Women's Lit. 17 240 Candlemas was the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary and the recognition of Christ as Messiah by Simeon. 2. The action or process of making morally or spiritually pure; the freeing of something from sin, guilt, etc.; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > purity > [noun] > moral purification cleansingc1000 purgationc1384 purgatoryc1400 circumcision1526 purificationa1560 defecation1632 castification1653 a1560 Arundel MS 287/275 Haill, verray virginite..Quhais purificacioun Of syne wes our purgacioun. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Worthy Communicant iii. 62 Water [in baptism] is the symbol of purification of the soul from sin. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 131 A person who, for the purification of his soul, ought to remain in Purgatory a hundred thousand years. 1793 Times 30 Sept. 3/2 Some Citizens demanded that all the girls of the town should be thrown into prison, as their houses were the nests of the Aristocrats, and they require purification. 1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. iii. 117 To make his prison a place of purification and improvement, not of demoralisation and corruption. 1849 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. (new ed.) I. ii. 168 [Rousseau's essay] on the question—‘Have the arts and sciences contributed to the corruption or purification of morals?’ 1912 Catholic Encycl. XIII. 298/1 The purification of the soul by grace. 2002 Slavic Rev. 61 498 Pushkin's lucid awareness of the difficulty of achieving the required level of moral purification meant that the poet..could not achieve the status of a true prophet. 3. a. The action or process of making physically pure or clean; the removal of dirt, filth, etc.; (in later use esp.) the removal of impurities or contaminants from a substance; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [noun] purginga1382 expurgationc1420 purgationc1425 undefoilingc1425 purgement1483 sublimating1559 sweetening1591 purgatory1596 purification1597 purge1598 depuration1603 refinement1611 castigation1615 lustrationc1635 purifaction1652 refreshing1719 depurating1762 epuration1800 neatifying1826 vastation1847 1597 tr. R. Bacon Disc. Force Art & Nature in Mirror of Alchimy 81 As for purification [L. purificatio], distillation, separation, sublimation, calcination, and inquisition, they are fellow-workers with the former [sc. congelation, resolution, etc.]. 1661 R. Boyle Ess. Unsuccessf. Exper. i, in Wks. (1772) I. 327 I discerned a considerable difference in the operations of several kinds of salt-petre even after purification. 1703 tr. P. Dionis Anat. Humane Bodies Improv'd 142 I do not assert, that the Liver contributes nothing towards the refining of the Blood: But 'twill here be necessary to set forth the manner of this Purification. 1798 J. Austen Let. 27 Oct. (1995) 18 John Steevens' wife undertakes our Purification; she does not look as if anything she touched would ever be clean, but who knows? 1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 465 He is minute in his directions for its purification and preparation. 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 66 The art of the tallow-chandler. Purification of spermaceti. 1913 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 26 707 Preparation and purification of the gases. 1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) I. xxxi. 825/2 Stepwise purifications of these crude..extracts were made and the compound has not been obtained in pure form. 2000 W. R. Newman in F. L. Holmes & T. H. Levere Instruments & Exper. Hist. Chem. ii. 37 The De Aluminibus et Salibus describes rock salt (sal gemma), table salt (sal panis),..and others, giving detailed instructions for their purification. b. Christian Church. Esp. in the Roman Catholic Church: the cleansing of a chalice, paten, etc., by a celebrant during or after the Eucharist. Cf. ablution n. 2b. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > parts of service > post-communion > [noun] > cleansing of chalice lotion1529 ablution1699 purification1768 1768 P. Baker Holy Altar & Sacrifice Explain'd ii. xiv. 167 I observe after this he takes another Ablution, and that with Water and Wine. Why this?.. It..serves for a thorough and further Purification of the Chalice. 1853 J. D. H. Dale tr. G. Baldeschi Ceremonial Rom. Rite 49 He..takes the purification [It. purificazione] and ablution as usual, cleanses the chalice..with a purificator. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) App. Purification, as distinct from ablution, is the pouring of wine into the chalice after the priest's communion, the wine being drunk by the priest. This purification is not of ancient date. 1961 Metrop. Mus. Art Bull. 19 164 These were probably originally used during the service for the preparation of the oblations and the purification of the chalice after communion. 1999 M. Witczak in A. J. Chupungco Handbk. Liturg. Stud. III. vi. 167 The purification of the vessels, which used to take place at the center of the altar, now can take place at a side table. 4. The action or process of ridding something of undesirable or alien elements; refinement to an uncorrupted or ideal state; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] > purification or refinement polishingc1400 mellowing1528 smoothing1577 polishment1594 refinement1611 alembication1616 lustrationc1635 purification1753 burnishing1780 smoothification1799 limation1852 1753 T. Smollett Ferdinand Count Fathom I. i. 5 You..are one of those consummate connoissers, who, in their purifications, let humour evaporate, while they endeavour to preserve decorum. 1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature Demonstrative Evid. 132 The purification of the Greek grammar from a few of its absurdities. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany III. 395 Zwingli demanded..the purification of the council from the ungodly. 1861 T. Wright Ess. Archæol. II. xiv. 59 The invention of printing..contributed towards the final purification of the English language. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 97/2 It added to its objects the study of Dante and the purification of the Italian language. 1964 J. Etmekjian French Influence Western Armenian Renaissance 1843–1915 74 The greatest contribution of the Mkhit'arists lies in the purification of the classical language... The modern Armenian theatre was born in Mkhit'arist schools. 1994 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 66 112 Historians have revealed German medicine and German doctors providing pseudoscientific justification for the ‘purification of the race’. Compounds purification flower n. now historical the snowdrop, Galanthus nivalis, which flowers around the time of the feast of the Purification. ΚΠ 1866 Aunt Judy's Mag. 1 116 Annie asked about its [sc. the snowdrop's] names, and she mentioned..‘the morning star of flowers’, ‘fair maid of February’, ‘purification flower’. 1965 Times 23 July 14/6 At Candlemas these ‘purification flowers’ were used to decorate the altar. 1987 Folklore 98 198 Along the Welsh Border, when the decorations were removed a bowl of snowdrops, the special flower of Candlemas, was sometimes brought in to drive out evil... One of the snowdrop's popular names was the ‘purification flower’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1384
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