请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 purgation
释义

purgationn.

Brit. /pəːˈɡeɪʃn/, U.S. /pərˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/
Forms: Middle English purgacione, Middle English purgacioun, Middle English purgacyoun, Middle English–1500s purgacion, Middle English–1500s purgacyon, late Middle English– purgation, Middle English 1500s purgacon, 1500s pourgacion, 1500s pourgation, 1500s purgatioun, 1600s purgatione, 1600s pvrgation; Scottish pre-1700 pourgation, pre-1700 purgacion, pre-1700 purgacione, pre-1700 purgacioun, pre-1700 purgacioune, pre-1700 purgatione, pre-1700 purgatioun, pre-1700 purgatioune, pre-1700 1700s– purgation.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French purgation; Latin pūrgātiōn-, pūrgātiō.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman purgacioun, purgatioun, purgatiun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French purgacion, purgation (French purgation ) purification from sin (c1200 in Old French), emptying of the bowels (13th cent.), action of removing dirt from an object (c1290 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), compurgation (beginning of the 14th cent. or earlier in legal use in Anglo-Norman), laxative (14th cent.), ceremonial cleansing from defilement (mid 14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), (plural) menstruation (second half of the 14th cent.; apparently rare before late 16th cent.) and its etymon classical Latin pūrgātiōn-, pūrgātiō action of freeing from impurities, ceremonial purification, process of ridding the body of waste material, emptying of the bowels, menstruation, means of purging, action of clearing of blame, in post-classical Latin also purification from sin (4th cent.), clearance of culpability, e.g. by oath or ordeal (from 9th cent. (frequently from c1100) in British sources), expiation in purgatory (15th cent. in British sources) < pūrgāt- , past participial stem of pūrgāre purge v.1 + -iō -ion suffix1. Compare Old Occitan purgacio (end of the 13th cent.; Occitan purgacion), Catalan purgació (end of the 13th cent.), Spanish purgación (early 14th cent. as purgaçiones, plural), Portuguese purgação (15th cent. as purgaçam, purgaçom), Italian purgazione (mid 13th cent. or earlier as †purgatione), and also Middle Dutch, Dutch purgatie, Middle Low German pūrgātie.
1. The action of clearing oneself from an accusation or suspicion of crime or guilt. Cf. compurgation n. 1. Now historical and archaic.vulgar purgation: see vulgar adj. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > clearing oneself > [noun]
purgationa1325
purge1447
purginga1731
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) v. 7 Ant te king amonesteth þe prelas..þat suuche þat beth so endited an aretted..on none manere ne ben deliuered biþoute cler purgacion.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 1306 (MED) I myht nat make a bet purgacioun To alle folk..Than fynali be my deth texcuse The gilt horible, off which men me accuse.
1545 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 9 [To] mak his purgatioun of the suspicioun that tha have aganis him.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ggg2/1 Purgation..is either canonicall..or vulgar.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 44 If any man doubt that, let him put mee to my purgation . View more context for this quotation
1657 Ld. Strickland in T. Burton Diary (1828) II. 149 [He] said indeed it was more than the Inquisition, which puts a man upon his own purgation.
1701 W. Kennett Cowell's Interpreter (new ed.) sig. Ooo1 The purgation by hot water was for the Party accus'd to thrust his hands or feet into scalding water, on presumption that his Innocence would receive no harm.
1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xlviii. 361 The oath of purgation was substituted in the place of battle.
1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. App. 695 If she [sc. Queen Emma] will make a double purgation, if she will walk over four burning shares for herself, and five for the Bishop, her innocence shall be allowed.
1927 Amer. Hist. Rev. 32 245 He came to Rome on December 23, the same day on which Pope Leo III...by an oath of purgation cleared himself of the vile accusations of his enemies.
1958 T. H. White Once & Future King iv. v. 589 Trial by ordeal has been abolished, and, as for doing it by purgation, it would be impossible to find the necessary number of peers for a Queen.
1986 Speculum 61 376 Successful purgation led to acquittal and a public declaration of the defendant's innocence.
2. Ceremonial or ritual cleansing from defilement or uncleanness; = purification n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > [noun]
washingc1375
purgationa1382
purificationc1384
expiation1532
emundation1610
lustration1614
februationa1652
lustrating1653
water purification1722
samskara1807
society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > [noun] > of women, following childbirth
church gangOE
purgationa1382
purificationc1384
churching1470
kirking1488
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Num. vi. 9 Ȝif, forsoþe, eny man were sodeynleche ded byfore hym, þe hed of his consecracioun shal be polluted, þe whiche anoon he shal shaue in þe same day of his purgacioun [a1425 L.V. clensyng; L. purgationis].
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke ii. 22 The dayes of purgacoun [a1425 L.V. v.r. purificacioun; L. purgationis] of Marie weren fulfild.
c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) vi. 19 (MED) The dayes passede of thy purgacion [v.r. Purificatioun] To fulfille the precept of the lawe.
a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 24 (MED) This day..is callyd Candilmesday, but more propurly the day of purgacion of the blessid Marie.
c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1901) I. Luke ii. 22 The dais of purgatioun of Marie war fulfillit eftire Moyses lawe.
1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xviii. xii. 675 Hee..calleth this feast day, a day februate, that is a day of purgation.
1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell 237 Tho' I hope you are before this time purged of your Gravel and Stones, the rather because the Feast of the Purgation of the Virgin Mary is lately over.
1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xiv. 187 Even the slaughter of enemies required a solemn purgation among the Jews.
1869 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 542/1 Great as is the anxiety shown by British Jews in the purgation of leaven from their houses, their foreign brethren completely outdo them in zeal.
1910 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 40 42 When Sītā, the heroine of the Rāmāyana, was charged with infidelity she re-established her honour by passing through the fire of purgation.
1950 T. H. Gaster Thespis: Ritual, Myth, & Drama in Anc. Near East ii. 20 On the fifth day of the vernal New Year (Akîtu) festival, an elaborate rite of purgation took place in the sanctuary.
2002 Jrnl. Law & Relig. 17 383 The ritual of Leviticus 16, commonly called the Day of Atonement, is designated by Milgrom as the Day of Purgation.
3. Moral or spiritual cleansing; purification by the removal of corruption, sin, guilt, or similar evil; (Roman Catholic Church) the purification of the soul in purgatory.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > purity > [noun] > moral purification
cleansingc1000
purgationc1384
purgatoryc1400
circumcision1526
purificationa1560
defecation1632
castification1653
the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > purgatory > purification of the soul in
purgationc1384
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > [noun] > purification of
purgationc1384
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. i. 3 The sone..makynge purgacioun [L. purgationem] of synnes, sitteth on the riȝthalf of mageste in hiȝ thingis.
1482 Monk of Evesham 64 A regyon where the soulys the whiche hadd done her purgacyon in purgatorye ioyfully restyd.
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 101 (MED) A praier for purgacion of herte and hevenly wisdom.
?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) i. xxiv. 174 The pourgacion therof [from sin] with the fyre of Pourgatory.
1598 R. Barckley Disc. Felicitie of Man vi. 588 Hierocles saith, that religion is the studie of wisdome, consisting in the purgation and perfection of life.
1682 J. Norris tr. Hierocles Golden Verses 89 The former is effected by the purgation of Opinion.
1718 R. Fiddes Theologia Speculativa I. v. iv. 326 The doctrine of purgatory..has no foundation in scripture; or if it had, it would only hold for the purgation of the soul in a future state.
1744 Anti-Siris 13 He artfully resumes the Subject of the Soul's Purgation.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. vii. 266 The purgation of the land from heresy.
1893 Church Q. Rev. 37 186 Hilasmic rites for the purgation of sin.
1931 E. E. Sikes Greek View of Poetry 54 We need not suppose that the average Athenian followed Pythagoras in holding music as the purgation of the soul.
1991 J. Waters Jiving at Crossroads xvii. 175 Doherty had thought his political banishment a temporary matter, a gesture of good faith, an act of purgation.
4.
a. Originally: the cleansing of the body of waste material, an excess of a humour, etc. In later use: spec. the emptying of the bowels, esp. by the use of a laxative. Also: an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > [noun] > action of excreting
sheddingc1200
flux1377
outputtinga1387
purgationa1387
avoidancea1398
voidance1398
evacuation?1533
spurging1548
emptying1552
vacuation1583
emunction1601
regurgitation1601
vacation1617
excretion1640
egestion1644
weeping1655
elimination1665
despumation1684
excreting1849
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > defecation > [noun]
purgationa1387
shitting1386
officec1395
outpassinga1398
subduction?a1425
easementa1438
cuckingc1440
siegea1475
evacuation?1533
stool1541
egestion1547
dunging1558
purging1579
stooling1599
cackc1600
motion1602
dejection1605
excretion1640
exclusion1646
purgament1650
exoneration1651
disenteration1654
orduring1654
crapping1673
passage1681
seat1697
opening1797
defecation1825
excreting1849
poopc1890
movement1891
job1899
shit?1927
crap1937
dump1942
soiling1943
gick1959
jobbie1981
pooh1981
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatments removing or dispersing matter > [noun] > purging
purgationa1387
purginga1400
minoration1590
purgament1650
laxating1652
fluxation1656
catharm1678
scouring1682
catharsis1803
syrmaism1842
washing-out1890
lavage1895
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 7 (MED) We dooþ al þe woke superfluytes into þe body, þat purgacioun [L. purgatio] and reste of oon day helpeþ moche to pulle of superfluite.
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 42v (MED) And purgacione by vryne in sych was commended aboue.
c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 482 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 143 Alsa It is lyk to poycion men takis fore purgacione.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. xx. 110 Other waters..the whiche..make grete purgacions to somme peple.
a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 28 (MED) As þe sanguine is purged by lettyng blod, so coleryke shall clensyd by purgacion.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxxxiiiiv For very feblenes of nature caused by purgacions and vomites.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 426 Pvrgations is defined by the Physitians, to be the emptiyng or voiding of superfluous humors, annoying the body with their euill quality.
1663 J. Beale Let. 15 Jan. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1965) II. 7 From ye Holy Thistle & Mary Thistle to ye wildest all obey their physiognomy & open ye pores & bladder to evacuate noxious & putride humours by ye easiest purgation.
1677 E. Ravenscroft Wrangling Lovers Epilogue Our Londoners are gone for recreation To spend with Country friends the long vacation; Or else to Epsome for a moneth's purgation.
1710 R. Johnson Enchiridion Medicum (ed. 3) 60 If vomiting hurts the sick, the humours may be evacuated downwards by gentle purgation.
1772 J. Lind Treat. Sea Scurvy (ed. 3) 458 In order to lessen the quantity of redundant blood still more, the patient is afterwards to be put under a course of gentle and daily purgation, with sea-water.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 474 Promoting purgation and diuresis.
1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 257/1 Anorexia nervosa is a disorder characterized by loss of weight occurring as a result of a reduced intake of food; it may be aggravated by vomiting, excessive exercise or purgation.
2005 Parasitol. Internat. 54 43/2 The purgation technique with arecoline hydrobromide has been widely used as the standard method for screening canine populations [for Echinococcus granulosus].
b. Menstruation; an instance of this; a menstrual discharge. Obsolete.In quot. 1555: the lochia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > discharge of menses > [noun]
purgationa1398
superfluities of the mothera1398
termsc1450
the custom of women1560
visit1653
menstruation1754
lunation1822
periodicity1848
friend1889
the curse1930
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > discharges before or after childbirth > [noun]
purgationa1398
lochia1612
cleansing1655
cleaning1661
show1734
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > menses > [noun]
monthlyeOE
menstruuma1398
flowerc1400
menstrue?a1425
women's evilc1450
menstruosity1503
courses1563
monthly time1564
reds1568
month courses1574
purgation1577
women's courses1577
month1578
menses1597
menstruals1598
flourish1606
nature1607
fluors1621
mois1662
period1690
catamenia1764
turn1819
visitor1980
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 231v And vertu þerof [sc. the lily] tempreþ and naissheþ hard matiere; þerfore it bryngeþ out menstrual purgacioun.
c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: Prol. (Selwyn) (1904) 17 (MED) A wymman þat hade purgacioun eferich moneþ, aftur þe day of hure purgacioun, he schulde be holden vnclene sefen dayes afturward; &..A womman þat hade flux of blod aftur hure kyndelyche purgacioun in þe moneþ was vnclene.
a1525 G. Myll Spectakle of Luf in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 292 Be the debilite of thare nature agit wemen has a retentioun of thare principall purgatioun.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 208 When they are delyuered of theyr chyldren they go to the ryuer and washe them. Which doone, theyr bludde and purgation ceaseth immediatly.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 190v The roote..is good against..Strangury, & restraint of womens purgacions.
a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) xxiii. 178 Among the women there are severall found, who do retain not only their customary purgations, but even their fruitfullness, above the age of fifty yeares.
1684 Aristoteles Master-piece ii. 14 This Order may be observed for a Female Child, by lying..on the left-side, and strongly fancying a Female in the time of Procreation, especially if she drink the Decoction of Female Mercury..from the first day of Purgation.
1781 W. Lewis Mat. Med. (ed. 2) 181 To loosen the belly; to promote perspiration, urine, and the uterine purgations.
1889 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 2 183 At the time of first purgation, a young maiden is buried to the arm-pits in hot sand; this will help to develop..breasts.
5.
a. A medicine or treatment that brings about purging; a purgative; spec. a laxative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative
laxativec1386
abstersive?a1425
purgative?a1425
lax1526
purgation1527
cleanser1528
looser1528
laskc1540
purger1558
solutory1561
scouring1575
expulsive1576
purge1593
solutive1605
opener1610
physica1616
calastic1621
loosener1630
minorative1633
relaxativea1637
cathartic1651
eccoprotic1656
vacuative1656
aperitive1671
spurger1681
aperient1682
hypercathartic1706
chalastic1708
scourer1718
drastic1783
solvent1815
purgament1828
dejector1831
laxation1897
mochlic1907
jollop1955
poop-pusher1966
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 80 We schal lete blood..& clense þe body wiþ couenable medicines & purgaciouns.
?a1450 tr. Macer Herbal (Stockh.) (1949) 108 (MED) For a purgacon, Plinius comaunded to take iv dragmes of betoyne rotes and ȝeue hem to drinke in mulsa.
a1500 Twelve Profits of Tribulation (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 394 A purgacion schuld be receyued hastyly with~oute ouermoche tastynge or longe tarrynge.
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Dj After that they shall take a stronge purgacyon.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Eii Ye would..gyue me a purgacion. But I am laxatiue ynough.
1600 Lady Hoby Diary 12 July (1930) 131 I made readie a purgatione..and, when I had praied privatly, I went to bed.
1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 403 She Recovered by Emetiques and Purgations.
1709 J. Sintelaer Scourge Venus & Mercury 269 First of all, he prepared and Purged his Body by the following Purgation.
b. figurative. Something which cleanses from sin, defilement, or some other evil or noxious thing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > virtue > purity > [noun] > moral purification > that which
purgerc1400
purgation?1531
purifier1609
purgative1625
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [noun] > clearing or sweeping away > riddance > a means of
besomc1380
riddance1567
purgation1581
?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye iii. sig. i3 But oure perfeyte purgacion is the pure bloude of Christ.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xliii. 275 To giue schooles a purgation to voide them of some great inconueniences.
1612 W. Cowper Three Heavenly Treat. Christ 245 Good were it for such men, that the Lord..would giue a purgation to cause them vomit by restitution, all that substance which wickedly they haue deuoured.
6. The action of making something physically clean by the removal of dirt or waste matter; the removal of impure or extraneous matter; (also) an instance of this. Now rare (chiefly figurative in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [noun]
purginga1382
expurgationc1420
purgationc1425
undefoilingc1425
purgement1483
sublimating1559
sweetening1591
purgatory1596
purification1597
purge1598
depuration1603
refinement1611
castigation1615
lustrationc1635
purifaction1652
refreshing1719
depurating1762
epuration1800
neatifying1826
vastation1847
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 749 (MED) Þis riuer..Þoruȝ condut pipis..made a ful purgacioun Of al ordure & fylþes in þe toun.
a1500 Twelve Profits of Tribulation (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 395 (MED) The secund maner of materyall purgacion is of metallis, as gold be fyre and irone by file.
1564 Briefe Exam. ***** iv b You woulde make a purgation of these thynges.
1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 346 Purgation like to separation, is the clarification of impure liquour, hauing a thicke sedement and spume by decoction.
1638 A. Henderson Serm., Prayers & Pulpit Addresses (1867) 429 His blood is as the laver of purgation, wherein we are washen.
1756 Monitor No. 74 II. 215 Such a total purgation of Augeas's stable..might possibly excite too great a noise.
1775 Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man (new ed.) II. i. vii. 11 A purgation was recently set on foot by royal authority. But people habituated to dirt are not easily reclaimed.
1809 N. Pinkney Trav. South of France 237 A century will pass before Lyons will recover itself from this Jacobin purgation.
1879 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings Past Years II. vi. 333 This transitory literature..requires immense sifting and purgation, like other coarse raw material.
1920 H. J. Laski Polit. Thought in Eng. iv. 117 He was..disturbed by signs of political restlessness; and this led to the purgation of Whig doctrines from his writings.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
ΚΠ
a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) I. 63 The All-wise God..Ordain'd Purgation Ritual, to show That nothing Clean cou'd from Uncleanness flow.
?1751 W. Lewis Answer Serious Inquiry 15 The Illegality of the Purgation Oath.
1926 J. Buchan Dancing Floor ii. 42 You have your purgation herbs like buckthorn and agnus castus.
1994 Scotsman (Nexis) 7 Mar. The play is like a purgation ritual, and the audience must become involved in that.
C2.
purgation house n. Obsolete rare a place of detention and punishment for unchaste women.
ΚΠ
1643 W. Davenant Vnfortunate Lovers i. i. 4 The Lady..was Arrested..by the Officers Of the Purgation house, and's thither sent To suffer for unchastity.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.a1325
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/1/24 13:49:17