单词 | purgation |
释义 | purgationn. 1. The action of clearing oneself from an accusation or suspicion of crime or guilt. Cf. compurgation n. 1. Now historical and archaic.vulgar purgation: see vulgar adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > clearing oneself > [noun] purgationa1325 purge1447 purginga1731 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) v. 7 Ant te king amonesteth þe prelas..þat suuche þat beth so endited an aretted..on none manere ne ben deliuered biþoute cler purgacion. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 1306 (MED) I myht nat make a bet purgacioun To alle folk..Than fynali be my deth texcuse The gilt horible, off which men me accuse. 1545 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 9 [To] mak his purgatioun of the suspicioun that tha have aganis him. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ggg2/1 Purgation..is either canonicall..or vulgar. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 44 If any man doubt that, let him put mee to my purgation . View more context for this quotation 1657 Ld. Strickland in T. Burton Diary (1828) II. 149 [He] said indeed it was more than the Inquisition, which puts a man upon his own purgation. 1701 W. Kennett Cowell's Interpreter (new ed.) sig. Ooo1 The purgation by hot water was for the Party accus'd to thrust his hands or feet into scalding water, on presumption that his Innocence would receive no harm. 1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xlviii. 361 The oath of purgation was substituted in the place of battle. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. App. 695 If she [sc. Queen Emma] will make a double purgation, if she will walk over four burning shares for herself, and five for the Bishop, her innocence shall be allowed. 1927 Amer. Hist. Rev. 32 245 He came to Rome on December 23, the same day on which Pope Leo III...by an oath of purgation cleared himself of the vile accusations of his enemies. 1958 T. H. White Once & Future King iv. v. 589 Trial by ordeal has been abolished, and, as for doing it by purgation, it would be impossible to find the necessary number of peers for a Queen. 1986 Speculum 61 376 Successful purgation led to acquittal and a public declaration of the defendant's innocence. 2. Ceremonial or ritual cleansing from defilement or uncleanness; = purification n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > [noun] washingc1375 purgationa1382 purificationc1384 expiation1532 emundation1610 lustration1614 februationa1652 lustrating1653 water purification1722 samskara1807 society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > purification > [noun] > of women, following childbirth church gangOE purgationa1382 purificationc1384 churching1470 kirking1488 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Num. vi. 9 Ȝif, forsoþe, eny man were sodeynleche ded byfore hym, þe hed of his consecracioun shal be polluted, þe whiche anoon he shal shaue in þe same day of his purgacioun [a1425 L.V. clensyng; L. purgationis]. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke ii. 22 The dayes of purgacoun [a1425 L.V. v.r. purificacioun; L. purgationis] of Marie weren fulfild. c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) vi. 19 (MED) The dayes passede of thy purgacion [v.r. Purificatioun] To fulfille the precept of the lawe. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 24 (MED) This day..is callyd Candilmesday, but more propurly the day of purgacion of the blessid Marie. c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1901) I. Luke ii. 22 The dais of purgatioun of Marie war fulfillit eftire Moyses lawe. 1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xviii. xii. 675 Hee..calleth this feast day, a day februate, that is a day of purgation. 1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell 237 Tho' I hope you are before this time purged of your Gravel and Stones, the rather because the Feast of the Purgation of the Virgin Mary is lately over. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xiv. 187 Even the slaughter of enemies required a solemn purgation among the Jews. 1869 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 542/1 Great as is the anxiety shown by British Jews in the purgation of leaven from their houses, their foreign brethren completely outdo them in zeal. 1910 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 40 42 When Sītā, the heroine of the Rāmāyana, was charged with infidelity she re-established her honour by passing through the fire of purgation. 1950 T. H. Gaster Thespis: Ritual, Myth, & Drama in Anc. Near East ii. 20 On the fifth day of the vernal New Year (Akîtu) festival, an elaborate rite of purgation took place in the sanctuary. 2002 Jrnl. Law & Relig. 17 383 The ritual of Leviticus 16, commonly called the Day of Atonement, is designated by Milgrom as the Day of Purgation. 3. Moral or spiritual cleansing; purification by the removal of corruption, sin, guilt, or similar evil; (Roman Catholic Church) the purification of the soul in purgatory. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > purity > [noun] > moral purification cleansingc1000 purgationc1384 purgatoryc1400 circumcision1526 purificationa1560 defecation1632 castification1653 the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > purgatory > purification of the soul in purgationc1384 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > [noun] > purification of purgationc1384 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. i. 3 The sone..makynge purgacioun [L. purgationem] of synnes, sitteth on the riȝthalf of mageste in hiȝ thingis. 1482 Monk of Evesham 64 A regyon where the soulys the whiche hadd done her purgacyon in purgatorye ioyfully restyd. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 101 (MED) A praier for purgacion of herte and hevenly wisdom. ?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) i. xxiv. 174 The pourgacion therof [from sin] with the fyre of Pourgatory. 1598 R. Barckley Disc. Felicitie of Man vi. 588 Hierocles saith, that religion is the studie of wisdome, consisting in the purgation and perfection of life. 1682 J. Norris tr. Hierocles Golden Verses 89 The former is effected by the purgation of Opinion. 1718 R. Fiddes Theologia Speculativa I. v. iv. 326 The doctrine of purgatory..has no foundation in scripture; or if it had, it would only hold for the purgation of the soul in a future state. 1744 Anti-Siris 13 He artfully resumes the Subject of the Soul's Purgation. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. vii. 266 The purgation of the land from heresy. 1893 Church Q. Rev. 37 186 Hilasmic rites for the purgation of sin. 1931 E. E. Sikes Greek View of Poetry 54 We need not suppose that the average Athenian followed Pythagoras in holding music as the purgation of the soul. 1991 J. Waters Jiving at Crossroads xvii. 175 Doherty had thought his political banishment a temporary matter, a gesture of good faith, an act of purgation. 4. a. Originally: the cleansing of the body of waste material, an excess of a humour, etc. In later use: spec. the emptying of the bowels, esp. by the use of a laxative. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > [noun] > action of excreting sheddingc1200 flux1377 outputtinga1387 purgationa1387 avoidancea1398 voidance1398 evacuation?1533 spurging1548 emptying1552 vacuation1583 emunction1601 regurgitation1601 vacation1617 excretion1640 egestion1644 weeping1655 elimination1665 despumation1684 excreting1849 the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > defecation > [noun] purgationa1387 shitting1386 officec1395 outpassinga1398 subduction?a1425 easementa1438 cuckingc1440 siegea1475 evacuation?1533 stool1541 egestion1547 dunging1558 purging1579 stooling1599 cackc1600 motion1602 dejection1605 excretion1640 exclusion1646 purgament1650 exoneration1651 disenteration1654 orduring1654 crapping1673 passage1681 seat1697 opening1797 defecation1825 excreting1849 poopc1890 movement1891 job1899 shit?1927 crap1937 dump1942 soiling1943 gick1959 jobbie1981 pooh1981 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatments removing or dispersing matter > [noun] > purging purgationa1387 purginga1400 minoration1590 purgament1650 laxating1652 fluxation1656 catharm1678 scouring1682 catharsis1803 syrmaism1842 washing-out1890 lavage1895 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 7 (MED) We dooþ al þe woke superfluytes into þe body, þat purgacioun [L. purgatio] and reste of oon day helpeþ moche to pulle of superfluite. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 42v (MED) And purgacione by vryne in sych was commended aboue. c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 482 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 143 Alsa It is lyk to poycion men takis fore purgacione. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. xx. 110 Other waters..the whiche..make grete purgacions to somme peple. a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 28 (MED) As þe sanguine is purged by lettyng blod, so coleryke shall clensyd by purgacion. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxxxiiiiv For very feblenes of nature caused by purgacions and vomites. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 426 Pvrgations is defined by the Physitians, to be the emptiyng or voiding of superfluous humors, annoying the body with their euill quality. 1663 J. Beale Let. 15 Jan. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1965) II. 7 From ye Holy Thistle & Mary Thistle to ye wildest all obey their physiognomy & open ye pores & bladder to evacuate noxious & putride humours by ye easiest purgation. 1677 E. Ravenscroft Wrangling Lovers Epilogue Our Londoners are gone for recreation To spend with Country friends the long vacation; Or else to Epsome for a moneth's purgation. 1710 R. Johnson Enchiridion Medicum (ed. 3) 60 If vomiting hurts the sick, the humours may be evacuated downwards by gentle purgation. 1772 J. Lind Treat. Sea Scurvy (ed. 3) 458 In order to lessen the quantity of redundant blood still more, the patient is afterwards to be put under a course of gentle and daily purgation, with sea-water. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 474 Promoting purgation and diuresis. 1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 257/1 Anorexia nervosa is a disorder characterized by loss of weight occurring as a result of a reduced intake of food; it may be aggravated by vomiting, excessive exercise or purgation. 2005 Parasitol. Internat. 54 43/2 The purgation technique with arecoline hydrobromide has been widely used as the standard method for screening canine populations [for Echinococcus granulosus]. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > discharge of menses > [noun] purgationa1398 superfluities of the mothera1398 termsc1450 the custom of women1560 visit1653 menstruation1754 lunation1822 periodicity1848 friend1889 the curse1930 the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > discharges before or after childbirth > [noun] purgationa1398 lochia1612 cleansing1655 cleaning1661 show1734 the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > menses > [noun] monthlyeOE menstruuma1398 flowerc1400 menstrue?a1425 women's evilc1450 menstruosity1503 courses1563 monthly time1564 reds1568 month courses1574 purgation1577 women's courses1577 month1578 menses1597 menstruals1598 flourish1606 nature1607 fluors1621 mois1662 period1690 catamenia1764 turn1819 visitor1980 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 231v And vertu þerof [sc. the lily] tempreþ and naissheþ hard matiere; þerfore it bryngeþ out menstrual purgacioun. c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: Prol. (Selwyn) (1904) 17 (MED) A wymman þat hade purgacioun eferich moneþ, aftur þe day of hure purgacioun, he schulde be holden vnclene sefen dayes afturward; &..A womman þat hade flux of blod aftur hure kyndelyche purgacioun in þe moneþ was vnclene. a1525 G. Myll Spectakle of Luf in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 292 Be the debilite of thare nature agit wemen has a retentioun of thare principall purgatioun. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 208 When they are delyuered of theyr chyldren they go to the ryuer and washe them. Which doone, theyr bludde and purgation ceaseth immediatly. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 190v The roote..is good against..Strangury, & restraint of womens purgacions. a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) xxiii. 178 Among the women there are severall found, who do retain not only their customary purgations, but even their fruitfullness, above the age of fifty yeares. 1684 Aristoteles Master-piece ii. 14 This Order may be observed for a Female Child, by lying..on the left-side, and strongly fancying a Female in the time of Procreation, especially if she drink the Decoction of Female Mercury..from the first day of Purgation. 1781 W. Lewis Mat. Med. (ed. 2) 181 To loosen the belly; to promote perspiration, urine, and the uterine purgations. 1889 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 2 183 At the time of first purgation, a young maiden is buried to the arm-pits in hot sand; this will help to develop..breasts. a. A medicine or treatment that brings about purging; a purgative; spec. a laxative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative laxativec1386 abstersive?a1425 purgative?a1425 lax1526 purgation1527 cleanser1528 looser1528 laskc1540 purger1558 solutory1561 scouring1575 expulsive1576 purge1593 solutive1605 opener1610 physica1616 calastic1621 loosener1630 minorative1633 relaxativea1637 cathartic1651 eccoprotic1656 vacuative1656 aperitive1671 spurger1681 aperient1682 hypercathartic1706 chalastic1708 scourer1718 drastic1783 solvent1815 purgament1828 dejector1831 laxation1897 mochlic1907 jollop1955 poop-pusher1966 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 80 We schal lete blood..& clense þe body wiþ couenable medicines & purgaciouns. ?a1450 tr. Macer Herbal (Stockh.) (1949) 108 (MED) For a purgacon, Plinius comaunded to take iv dragmes of betoyne rotes and ȝeue hem to drinke in mulsa. a1500 Twelve Profits of Tribulation (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 394 A purgacion schuld be receyued hastyly with~oute ouermoche tastynge or longe tarrynge. 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Dj After that they shall take a stronge purgacyon. 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Eii Ye would..gyue me a purgacion. But I am laxatiue ynough. 1600 Lady Hoby Diary 12 July (1930) 131 I made readie a purgatione..and, when I had praied privatly, I went to bed. 1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 403 She Recovered by Emetiques and Purgations. 1709 J. Sintelaer Scourge Venus & Mercury 269 First of all, he prepared and Purged his Body by the following Purgation. b. figurative. Something which cleanses from sin, defilement, or some other evil or noxious thing. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > purity > [noun] > moral purification > that which purgerc1400 purgation?1531 purifier1609 purgative1625 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [noun] > clearing or sweeping away > riddance > a means of besomc1380 riddance1567 purgation1581 ?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye iii. sig. i3 But oure perfeyte purgacion is the pure bloude of Christ. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xliii. 275 To giue schooles a purgation to voide them of some great inconueniences. 1612 W. Cowper Three Heavenly Treat. Christ 245 Good were it for such men, that the Lord..would giue a purgation to cause them vomit by restitution, all that substance which wickedly they haue deuoured. 6. The action of making something physically clean by the removal of dirt or waste matter; the removal of impure or extraneous matter; (also) an instance of this. Now rare (chiefly figurative in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [noun] purginga1382 expurgationc1420 purgationc1425 undefoilingc1425 purgement1483 sublimating1559 sweetening1591 purgatory1596 purification1597 purge1598 depuration1603 refinement1611 castigation1615 lustrationc1635 purifaction1652 refreshing1719 depurating1762 epuration1800 neatifying1826 vastation1847 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 749 (MED) Þis riuer..Þoruȝ condut pipis..made a ful purgacioun Of al ordure & fylþes in þe toun. a1500 Twelve Profits of Tribulation (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 395 (MED) The secund maner of materyall purgacion is of metallis, as gold be fyre and irone by file. 1564 Briefe Exam. ***** iv b You woulde make a purgation of these thynges. 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 346 Purgation like to separation, is the clarification of impure liquour, hauing a thicke sedement and spume by decoction. 1638 A. Henderson Serm., Prayers & Pulpit Addresses (1867) 429 His blood is as the laver of purgation, wherein we are washen. 1756 Monitor No. 74 II. 215 Such a total purgation of Augeas's stable..might possibly excite too great a noise. 1775 Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man (new ed.) II. i. vii. 11 A purgation was recently set on foot by royal authority. But people habituated to dirt are not easily reclaimed. 1809 N. Pinkney Trav. South of France 237 A century will pass before Lyons will recover itself from this Jacobin purgation. 1879 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings Past Years II. vi. 333 This transitory literature..requires immense sifting and purgation, like other coarse raw material. 1920 H. J. Laski Polit. Thought in Eng. iv. 117 He was..disturbed by signs of political restlessness; and this led to the purgation of Whig doctrines from his writings. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) I. 63 The All-wise God..Ordain'd Purgation Ritual, to show That nothing Clean cou'd from Uncleanness flow. ?1751 W. Lewis Answer Serious Inquiry 15 The Illegality of the Purgation Oath. 1926 J. Buchan Dancing Floor ii. 42 You have your purgation herbs like buckthorn and agnus castus. 1994 Scotsman (Nexis) 7 Mar. The play is like a purgation ritual, and the audience must become involved in that. C2. ΚΠ 1643 W. Davenant Vnfortunate Lovers i. i. 4 The Lady..was Arrested..by the Officers Of the Purgation house, and's thither sent To suffer for unchastity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1325 |
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